Skip to main content

Full text of "Transactions of the Entomological Society of London"

See other formats 


epee er Seater we 
eee Bae 


oe Eom Seen 


iSeoaie Som tat Rect nas : sie eo : = : 
ects tr eg 
D Mat : eNO IW i Eds - fe he HES ET 
rien “ in even oF Piste MOEN 


: y Purses iS ae 
; ; . = 
r% RE fg EM 


Cerny ay 


Latina ee: 


¥ 


CN 


ea 


re 


i 
DS ww Ad ey 
; 4 
7 A ir 
\ Ai 
a le ea is 
on 


a i or 


fe bi te Di i rn) sip Re 


i, hs, ante wei a) 
' ad 
ry vy pb et Se : " ' 
ete Key fae ty ‘ 


begs 4 i he ‘ ‘ " ‘ ‘ ha ; 


an ips ty 
See 
; 5 Ad ‘Ata Pare ht 
| LN aS ee 
x { , iy i : Cae Ab 
ae) eae my | 
i Dee yy, 


ACY 
vie! 

‘ vail 

i ay 

F 

1 Redes 


Aa f we te 1 bi! ; 
pees ee TBO hae 
Drs Ca ae 
yy i ies ie 
a if ie as si ph es 
me, Ne oe be 


ee iat 
es 


f 7 
i bf ae 
Py = 


Me, tig) en NANA 
Joe GRU © 
Cae, nie 


Uae By hb 
5, Pil ne ae tap Vath “y 
: Ve pes’ ‘ pT ants Ny ay) 4 Rs re al rel ‘ 
Rom MORAY Ya ME 
wa leh Of TF Os RN, ; is 
ie MA ; 
: “ i 


Phy de 


esate Rey 
eS: 

en 2 4 i ay ei ia) 
meee ce ie) 
Ki ‘ ss ‘at ! ‘ 


Reh an 75 a 
; Ny aid 
uh os M 


Poh Aa 


THE 
TRANSACTIONS 


OF THE 


i 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


OF 


LONDON. 


NEW SERIES. 


VOELY. 


LONDON: 


PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY C. ROWORTH AND SONS, 
BELL YARD, FLEET STREET. 
SOLD BY LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN AND ROBERTS, 
PATERNOSTER ROW. 


1858—1861. 


Fissnagieas 
LONDON: 
PRINTED BY C. ROWORTH AND SONS, 


BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR. 


OFFICERS. 
1861. 


J. W. DouGuas, Esq. «62. ce ceseeecece cece srsseecceses President. 
SAMUEL STEVENS, Esq., F.L.S. sce .eeeeeceeececseeceee Treasurer. 


EpwIN SHEPHERD, Esq. ..-.-- Miekaie olelelensteleieleieicis sche eo Ireannaas 

Epwp. W. JANSON, Esq...----eeeeseeesrcserercreees 

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. oes cree ese eee ce cees 

H. G. Knaces, Esq., M.D....-..-+- Sua dbnounpeeosseadr os) 

J. Luppock, Esq., F.R.S., &C. oes seen ee cece ererccenes 

Rospert M‘LAcuHLAN, Esq.--....-- we neeeiaia gnise ce ceimae: Ml (en gas afom bere 

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., &C. 0 ee ee cee ee eco eres : 
of Council. 

H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.L.S., &c. «6+ 05+ Sagstuieatevenes 

F. Waker, Esq., F.L.S., 8&0. cs ceee seer cece ee cccerecs 

G. R. WaTERHOUSE, Esgq., F.Z.S., &e. «0s eee eee reese 


J. O. Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e. 21 esse ere evee 


Library and Cabinet Committee. 
Messrs. Doucias, Knacos, M‘LACHLAN, SAUNDERS and Surroern 


TRANSACTIONS 


OF 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
OF LONDON, 1834—1861. 


Vol. I. twenty-four plates, 25s. 6d.—to members, 12s. 9d. 
Vol. II. twenty-two plates, 23s. 6¢.—to members, 11s. 9d. 
Vol. III. sixteen plates, 21s. 6d.—to members, 10s. 9d. 

Vol. IV. twenty-three plates, 22s. 6d.—to members, 11s. 3d. 
Vol. V. twenty-three plates, 25s. 6d.—to members, 19s. 4d. 


By a Resolution of the Council, the First Series of the Transactions can 
now be obtained only in entire volumes. 


NEW SERIES. 


Vol. I. nineteen plates, 27s. —to members, 18s. 

Vol. II. twenty-three plates, 28s 6d.—to members, 21s. 
Vol. III. eighteen plates, 26s.—to members, 19s. 6d. 

Vol. IV. twenty-eight plates, 27s. 6d.—to members, 20s. 9d. 


VOL. V. 
Part 1, one plate, 3s. 
Part 2,—3s. 
Part 3, six plates, 10s. 
Part 4, three plates, 3s. 6d. 
Part 5, one plate, 5s. 
Part 6, two plates, 4s. 
Part 7, one plate, 4s. 
Part 8, two plates, 6s. 
Part 9, three plates, 7s. 6d. 
Part 10,—6s. 


The Journal of the Proceedings of the Society is bound up with the parts 
of the Transactions; it may, however, be obtained separately, by Members 
and Subscribers, gratis, and by the public, price Is. per sheet. 

Members and Subscribers, who have paid their Annual Subscription for 
the current year, are entitled to receive the Transactions, without further 
payment, and to residents in Great Britain they will be forwarded, free, per 


post. 


CONTENTS. 


= PAGE 
Officers of the Society for 1861 ili 
Price of the Transactions iv 
Explanation of the Plates ix 
Errata Mess ok Se getnein gecesi ee air es xili 
Additions to the Collections from the 31st December, 1857 xiii 
List of Members and Subscribers, October, 1861 XV 


Journal of Proceedings from February, 1858, to January, 1861 . 


Index 


Eratalepne oF dhe Libeary aoe She sae i, Wah tg Myre ig! thes ss Mone Swe el ve 


By-Laws of the Society, altered and adopted at a Special Meeting 
held on the 5th November, 1855 . Pe. eat eh 


VI. 


MEMOIRS. 


. Notes on South American Butterflies. By H. W. Bares, 


Esq., Corr. Memb. Ent. Soc. London 1 

. On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. By 
F. P. Pascor, Esq., F.L.S., &c. 12 

- A Monograph of the Genus Adolias, a Genus of Diurnal Lepi- 

doptera, belonging to the Family ene By 
Freperic Moore, Esq. . . . . ues 62 

. Notes upon the Species of Elateride in the Stephensian Cabinet. 
By G. R. Wateruouse, Esq., F.Z.S.,&c. . . . 88 

. On the Genus Erycina, Linn., with Descriptions of some New 
Species. By W. Witson Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., &c. 94 

Descriptions of twenty-five New Species of Indian Micro- 
Lepidoptera. By H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.L.S., &e. . 111 


vl 


Vil 


Vill 


- XIII. 


XIV. 


XV. 


ROViTe 


XVII. 


XVIIT. 


. List of the British Species of Latridius. By G. R. Water- 
AS 6 10. goo YA: 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 


. A Contribution to the History of Sty/ops, with an Enume- 
ration of such Species of Exotic Hymenoptera as have been 
found to be attacked by those Parasites. By Freprericx 
Situ, Esq. 


. A Revision of the British Species of Corticaria. By G. R. 
Warteruouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &e. i ines Se ae 


. Descriptions of New Species of Phytophagous Insects. By 
JS. DALY, Esqe, .. ) «. n/ 22) Rea SUR eh iontes we 


. Notes on the British Species of Heterocerus. By G. R. 
Warteruouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &e. . aS a 


. Description of a New Genus of Carabideous Insects from 
the Upper Amazon River. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., 
M.A., &e. ST SiR S  cPuolorcs Mite ee Beetts 


HOUSE, Esq., F.Z.S. aoe Seger Os 


Characters of undescribed Neuroptera in the Collection of 
W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis 
Watker, Esq., F.L.S., &c. Areca Oho 28 Mes 


Notes on the British Species of Cisside. By G. R. WatEr- 
House, Esq., F.Z.S., &c. Ace eee eae pie ag 


Notes on the Economy of the Ichneumons constituting the 
Genus Pezomachus of Gravenhorst, and Observations on 
Pezomachus fasciatus. By Freperick Smita, Esq. ; 
with a Description of a New Species of Hemiteles. By 
Tuomas Desvicnes, Esq. 


Notes on the British Species of Donucia. By G.R. Water- 
HousE, Esq., F.Z.S. <SoRh: 5 


Notes on the Habits of Scolytide and Bostrichide. By ALrrep 
R. Wattace, Esq., Corr. Memb. Ent. Soc. 


Descriptions of South African Tineina, collected by R. 
Trimen, Esq., in 1858—1859. By H. T. Srainron, 
Beg. FUE, aie. Senden fen ate vw be Res 


. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. By 


H. W. Bares, Esq., Corr. Memb. Ent. Soc. 


- Notes on the Geographical Distribution of the British But- 
terflies. By H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.L.S., &c. 


5 LE 


. 176 


. 212 


. 218 


7 220 


CONTENTS. Vil 


PAGE 
XXI. Descriptions of some New Species of Sagra, Remarks on 
that Genus; and the Characters of Cheilorena, a New 
Genus belonging to the same Family. By J. S. Baty, 

PSQecr since Feu an t.sf ae sates oh ake Oe om oo Ftt ek OU 


XXII. On the Genus Erateina, Doubleday, with Descriptions of 
some New Species. By W. W. Saunpers, Esq. F.R.S., 
SCH.) cee) estar ert lr ay ee ee Ok 


XXIII. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Collection of W. 
W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis WALKER, 
Esq., F.L.S., &c. Sh eat Oma Sue wep te ghee we speech 


XXIV. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley 
(continued from page 228). By H. W. Bares, Esq., 
Corr. Memb. Ent. Soe. aan coed. Mat sh she CUO 


XXV. On the Atlantic Cossonides. By T. V. Wottasron, Esq., 
ETA ei La Sagy Cree cee are aus Fuk ot sein Pete ayo ie Oe 


XXVI. Descriptions of Five New eure of Coleophora. By Joun 
Scort; Esq. <->. 2. Siw 26 SE Noid) hos too wus) 


XXVII. On Elaphomyia, a Genus of remarkable Insects of the Order 
Diptera. By W. W. Saunvers, Esq., F.R.S., &e. . 413 


XXVIII. Notice of the Occurrence of a Strepsipterous Insect parasitic 
in Ants, discovered in Ceylon by Herr Nietner. By 
J. O. Wesrwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.,&c. . . . . 418 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 


nee 
PLATE. Fie. PAGE 
I. 1—13. Myrmecolax Nietneri, Westw., and details .,...... 418 
14—22. Solenogenys foeda, Westw., and details .+......+. 171 
Ic 1. Ostedes pauperata, Pascoe...... ° : - 44 
2. Eroschema Poweri, Pascoe .-..+.++.. é jeu ley 
3. Oxylymma lepida, Pascoe ......--- occevees 22 
4, Collyrodes Lacordairei, Pascoe ...-.++: cose 20 
5. Phemone frenata, Pascoe esssecrenssscoreerseee 48 
6. Dystheta anomala, Pascoe sseseeseseceessseeee Sl 
7. Thranius bimaculatus, Pascoe ....2e+ssserccecce 23 
8. Esmia turbata, Pascoe ..-.0esseeeeoees ‘Sigacoco is) 
9. Diotima undulata, Pascoe ...-++.. wescccccsscees O89 
HA. 1. Adolias Parta, Moore, g Q ..+-e+-++eee0eee 63 
2 » Garuda, Moore, 6 Q «+ -cceceoeres - 64 
3. 3s, Phemius, Doubl.,) OQ: wise. ccieece cle Soo. (Oe 
4. 9, Alpheda, Godh., OQ ..ccceccccecverece 66 
5. » Kesava, Moore, @Q ..... aieiicretesicictere 67 
IV. 1. Adolias Mahadeva, Moore, & ......--.- ae 68 
2: 3), Kanda, Moore! =. <\siecies sss aie - 69 
Se », Sedeva, Moore, Q «- SpUnoS : no. is 
4, 99 NGLGH NTOOTES a Gi Qie wietorereloeletole ciele\siisielcicre 7 09 
5. 5, Ramada, Moore, ¢ .....- SO NOHO OdDEOD «269 
Vv. 1. Adolias Anosia, Boisd. MS. GQ ....eceecesseee. 60 
2. »,  Trigerta, Moore sta eyeisvoreiaieis sa0nDdno0o 1h 
3. » Ambalika, Moore, 9 staketofel elevereheretets 74 
4, ap Gopia, INEOOLES, Qe einieic:s e-clelele!cieve ciclo Hie S50. 1e) 
VI. 1. Adolias Paiguna, Moore ..cccccssccesscocace as 10 
2 3, Pulasara, Moore ......<. ae Ane S505 7ll 
3. ge) Liutalas» NICOLE tele eieicis sie\iv's:e:e)eis' Souco0.  ¢ll 
4. SSM Ls NVOOLE! sicicisieiclersrs ee etetelele sjalelelstcleven mn aie) 
5. see) LEUSCAAM MIOOLE!s\eiciaieies «) efster ele\inlete ot siel oie 71 
VII. 1. Adolias Jahnu, Moore, @ - ao oates alevetelstey TE 
2: See, VOSAntG, LCOLE! wei sicictelerel Sooo coooodDE. | ffl 
3. »,  Sananda, Moore oseesscceerereees e-eee 76 
4, 5,  Stkandt, Moore, 9 ..... Aco DOOOb Soon fe 
VIII. 1. Adolias Nara, Moore.......cscseesece eelexelercteneien iG 
2. 3) va; Moore eee. cccesoes Soubioo cdc een 8 
3. 47, Sahkadeva; MOOYVE co.cc cece ceisieleccieciae SOU 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 


PLATE. Fia. PAGE 
1D.€ leAdottasSancara, NLOOLE leis sicleiclee sleleisicelcielseiss 0 

De Furor IVLOOLCM seloenstoiclelomicreiicielcielels) siereion | OO 

3. SF KAT AGIN GV LOONE™ oicjelelelneiste/s) cieelel sielnielieieleien WOU) 

Xe 1—2. Zeonia Batesii, Saund. GQ wecceccceeveesoesere 99 

3—4, 5, Amaxon, Saund. FQ occccccecevcccsecrcs OF 

5. 5,  Heliconoides, Saund. Q ««..... acts eisleravelsiv(s/| 190 

6—7. Erycina Ocollo, Saund. 9 ...ccsccoevccoreceeeee 105 


8. 4, Calphurnia, Saund. d...ccccesecccereee 106 

9—10. Necyria Hewitsonitz, Saund. Q .-seeccessoereeers 106 

XI. 1l. Erycina Etias, Saund. g..ccceccacvevcccesceee 102 
12. a) pp COlubra, SAUNGs ed ice siclelers (ee <is/eie/cisisicleia «LOG 

13. »  Lryxo, Saund. Q ..esceccccoessccccseve 104 

14. »  Atahualpa, Saund. G .-cecccecsccrsecee 1D] 

15. yn Hdudascar; Saunds, A <<\s\oeevicecieeccic esse LOL 

16. Necyria Manco, Saund. 4. wee ccscesiecseccssee 107 

17—18. »  Lapoja, Saund. f cocccvccsaccvccceses 108 

19. Lyropteryx Apollonia, Westw. Q .cseesceressccee 109 

XII. 1—1 b. Elaphomyia alcicornis, Saund., ¢, and details .... 415 


2—2 a. aS As es @, and details .... 415 

3—3 d. - Wallacei, Saund., and details ........ 414 

4—4 e. 50 cervicornis, Saund., @, and details o... 414 

5. A CETVICOTNIS, Deccrcercscecsceccesece 414 

6. ss Ola, SAUD. Gy se sice cle cies 'sieie eieleloleo L1G 

XIII. 1—le. Elaphomyia polita, Saund., and details ...+....-. 416 
2—2b. 5 brevicornis, Saund., ¢, and details .... 415 

3—sa. x 3 se @, and details .... 415 

4—4b. Achias longividens, Walk., @, and details ........ 417 

5—da. 5, i 5 @, and details ...-..e. 417 


6—6a. ,,  latividens, Walk., Q, and details......00-+ 417 
7—7b. 4, amplividens, Walk., 9, and details ........ 417 
XIV. 1—2a—k. Cheiloxena Westwoodii, Baly, and details....eees++ 255 


3. Sagra Javeti, Baly, g, hinder thigh .......+..-- 240 
4. ,, Pfeifferi, Baly, g ¥ A eviels, o%eite pono 233) 
5. 5, Parryi, Baly, ¢ 5 _ and tibia.... 247 
6. 4, carbunculus, Hope, ¢ ,, +3 eons Dad 
7. 4, bicolor, Lacord., & is 3 seca 249 


8* ,,  Jansoni, Baly, g, intermediate thigh ...... 243 
Solan eeDohnnizn Daly x thoraXpersts sto\e + orejorelclslsfels clersie e200 


O54 35 5 Orabinder thigh: sic ee aicercs 1203 

9* ,, s » intermediate thigh........ 2538 

10. ,, Stevensi, Baly, , hinder thigh ...... coos 241 

ll. ,,  splendida, var. B., & 3 paso sodoa Avy 

D2 a ygee uenestiss ck, 5 slevelelelsievelele LOO) 

13. ,, Murrayi, Baly, sy ee LOB olen ecemaielevers 251 

XOVi3 I—1 a. Brateina undulata; SAUMGS cieyeiclsieteroiel cree olde wiele clelet 263 


2—-2 a. 3 SEDI HES LUIS AE GOA COGOUOE OOOO OAc > 263 


PLATE. 


XVI. 


XVII. 


XVIII. 


XIX. 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 


XI 


Fic. PAGE 
3—3a. Erateina Regina, Saund. -...eeceesrseccsesssee 264 
1—la. rp UNCATAMSAUNC sie chsieleiel'escle)s) stelelel cel eve ejele!sio/st 200) 
2—2a. a margarita, Saund. .ecccccrsvecccccereee 266 
3—3 a. = Obscura, SAUNG., “cleweccicicecicis ceicisiscewee 206 
1—la—Im. Coleophora Melilotella, Scott ...eccccesseesevcere 408 
2—2a—2m. a Artemisiella, Scott ..seccecsecesccsees 409 
8--3a—3m. an Ardeepennella, Scott secevcesceceeeee 410 
4_4a—4m. rn politella, Scott ..ccscccccssccrccseces 410 
1—1a. Eremotes crassicornis, Brull€ 2 areessecceeeeses SOD 

2a. Hexarthrum capitulum, Wollieescssccerrcceevecoe O00 

3a. Rhyncolus crassirostris, Woll, sseesecesececesece SOL 

4a, Phleophagus tenaz, Woll. ©. .c:.eccecccssssesssee O10 

5a. Microxylobius lacertosus, Woll. ..+-cseecesrerceee ol 

6a—b ry, Tucifuguss Woll.. \s./- ses vcsjevies 6) s0n OO2 
7a—b. ‘A LENEDT ANS WiOlliaciele steles cele celeiciees OOS 
8a—b. > Chevrolatiey Willan sic cteieelclersiere/e ciel OOO 
9Ja—b. 5 CONICOLZSS NVOeMeale/eeletareveie eisle'eelelee OA 
la—b. Pentatemnus arenarius, Woll....sesecesceeseseree B00 
2a—d. Onycholips bifurcatus, Woll. .seesscrevcecerseeee O94 
3a—b. Leipommata calcaratum, Woll. oc+ereceesseseveee O90 

4a. Mesoxenus Monizinianus, Woll. ....ecssceerseseces O96 

5a. Pentarthrum cylindricum, Woll. .+.e+++++- cesses 398 

6a. Mesoxenus Bewickianus, Woll. ....0.sceseccescee OOF 

@. Mesites fusiformis, Woll., @ sic.c0ce sce esse ce sacisl 400 

Sa. Stenotis aciculay Woolley, ~«.<+0ssentsacere nesses oo 400 

9. Mesites fusiformis, Woll., Q  evecveccsceesseeee 405 


( xiii) 


ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. 
‘FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1858, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1860. 


Mr. F. Bond........ Agrotis saucia, six specimens; Heliophobus hispida, four 
specimens. 

Rev.O. P. Cambridge Pterophorus Loewii, four specimens. 

Mr. J.J. Reading.... Carabus intricatus, two specimens. 

Mr. A. F. Sealy .... Laverna phragmitella, four specimens. 


ERRATA. 
TRANSACTIONS. 


Page 13, line 32 from top, after “ Cylindripomus nigro-fasciatus,” for ‘ Bois.,” 
read “ Bi.’”’ 
ee Ae ce Oc 5 for ‘ Coptocycla,’’ read ‘‘ Aspidomorpha.”’ 


oD ey PH Pe for ‘‘ Caragenia,’’ read ‘‘ Ceragenia.”’ 
op PAID app) 5 for ‘‘ Lamicide,” read ‘“‘ Lamiade.”’ 
1» om ep 2) for ‘‘ Amatella,’”’ read ‘‘ Ametalla.’’ 


JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. 


Page 52, last line, for ‘‘ £57 : 10s. 9d.,” read ‘* £37: 10s. 9d.” 
», 62, line 16 from bottom, for ‘* Abracus,’’ read “ Abraus.’’ 
» 178, dele the first seven lines. 
» 9, line 8 from bottom, for “ dnomesia,”’ read “ Anomeesia.”’ 


sth a 3 a for ‘* Ancylophorus,” read ‘* Acylophorus.”’ 

» » 3 4 from top, for “ workers producing,’ read “ worker-producing.” 
Hel pee es for ‘* Neurophora,” read ‘* Nemophora.”’ 

Pe Oli ee se LL a dele ‘‘ (E. S.)” 

ap) GH gy AL a for ‘‘ Ligustica,”’ read “ Liguria.” 


» 9 9 4 from bottom, for “ Bastrichide,”’ read “ Bostrichide.’’ 

» 118 ,, 33 from top, for “ Chryphagus,’’ read ‘ Crypturgus.”’ 

Hy LAR SS 9 from bottom, for ‘ Ligustica,’’ read ‘* Liguria.” 

ap UGS) ag P53 59 for “ being a distinct species,’ read “ being distinct 
species.”’ 

» 138 ,, 14 from top, for ‘* Platyderus,” read ** Plegaderus.” 


a Say EAN | 


Hist of Mlembers 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


OF LONDON, 


OCTOBER, 1861. 


LIST OF MEMBERS 


OF 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


OF LONDON. 


Wonorary soretgn Members. 


Epwarps, M. Milne. Le Musée d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 

Gravenhorst, Prof. J. L. C. Breslau, Silesia. 

Hammerschmidt, Herr L. 

Kollar, Herr. Royal Museum, Vienna. 

Lefebvre, M. Alexandre. Bouchevilliers, prés Gisors, Département de 1’ Eure. 
Léon Dufour, M. St. Sever, Département des Landes, France. 

Pictet, Professor J. C. Geneva. 

Schaum, Dr. H. Berlin. 

Zeller, Professor P. C. Gross-Glogau, Silesia. 

Zetterstedt, Professor J. W., Ph. D., &c. University of Lund. 


( xvii) 


ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. 


Marked * are Original Members. 
Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions. 
Marked S. are Subscribers. 


Date of 
Election, 


1849 S. Allis, T. H., Esq. York. 
1858 §S. Allchin, W. H., Esq., M.D. 7, Pembridge Villas, Bayswater. 
1856 Armytage, Edward, Esq. 4, Grove End Road, St. John’s Wood. 
1857 Atkinson, W.S. Esq. La Martiniere, Calcutta. 
* + Babington, Professor C. C., M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. St. John’s 
College, Cambridge. 


1857 Bakewell, R. Esq. 96, St. John’s Wood Terrace, Circus Road, 
St. John’s Wood. 

1850 Baly, J. S., Esq. 4, Francis Terrace, Kentish Town. 

1849 S. Barlow, F., Esq. Cambridge. 


1861 S. Bates, H. W., Esq. Queen Street, Leicester. 
1851 Beaumont, Alfred, Esq. Lockwood, near Huddersfield. 
« Bell, Thomas, Esq., Pres. L. S. F.G.S. 17, New Broad Street, and 
Selborne, Hants. 
1857 S. Biggs, C.J., Esq. Blenheim Cottages, South Hackney. 


1860 Bigot, Mons. J. Rue de Luxembourg, Paris. 

1854 Birt, Jacob, Esq. 30, Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park. 

1849 §S.+ Bladon, J., Esq. Pont-y-pool. 

1841 Bond, F., Esq., F.Z.S. Kingsbury, Middlesex. 

1860 Bonvouloir, Mons. Henri de. 15, Rue de l'Université, Paris. 

= Bowerbank, J.S., Esq., Ph. D. F.R.S. F.G.S. F.L.S. 3, Highbury 

Grove. 

1852 + Boyd, Thomas, Esq. 17, Clapton Square. 

1856 Braikenridge, Rev. G. W., M.A. Broomwell House, Brislington. » 

1849 §S. Brown, Edwin, Esq. Burton-on-Trent. 

1855 Burnell, E. H., Esq. 382, Bedford Row. 

1855 Cambridge, Rev. O. P. Bloxworth House, Blanford, Dorset. 

1860 Candéze, Dr. E. Glain, by Liege, Belgium. 

1838 Charlesworth, E., Esq., York. 

1859 Chaudoir, Baron Maximilien de. . Volhynia, Russia. 

1859 Coleman, W.S. Esq. 8, Garway Road, Westbourne Grove, Bays- 
water. 

1850 Clark, Rev. Hamlet, M.A., F.L.S. 12, Orchard Street, Portman 
Square. 


VOL. V. N.S. PT. X.—ocT. 1861. b 


XVill 


Date of 
Election. 


1853 


1857 
1859 
1854 
1849 
ot 
1849 S 
1852 
1853 
ot 
1837 
1860 
1857 
1855 
1851 
* 
1845 
1857 
1849 
1851 
1860 
1853 
1838 
1858 


1859 S. 


1855 S. 


1855 


1857S. 


1857 S. 


nn 


_— 
[ee] 
a 
— 
ae 


ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS, _ 


Cox, Capt. Charles James, Q.G. G.A. Fordwich House, near 
Canterbury. 

Croker, T.F.D., Esq. 6, Strand. 

Crotch, W. D., Esq. Uphill House, Weston Super Mare. 

Dale, Wm. C. Esq. 31, Gordon Square. 

Dallas, W. S., Esq., F.L.S. Museum, York. 

Darwin, Charles, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Down, near Bromley, Kent. 

Dawson, John, Esq. Carron, near Falkirk, Stirlingshire. 

Dawson, Rev. J. F., LL.B. The Woodlands, near Bedford. 

De Grey and Ripon, Earl of, F.R.S., &c. Carlton Gardens. 

Desvignes, Thomas, Esq. Fir Tree Cottage, Woodford. 

Devonshire, William, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c. Piccadilly. 

Deyrolle, Mons. 19, Rue de la Monnaie, Paris. 

Digby, H. S., Esq. Finstanton, St. Ives, Hunts. 

Dohrn, Herr C. A., Pres. Ent. Verein, Stettin. 

Dossetor, T. P., Esq. 12, Poultry. 

Doubleday, Henry, Esq. Epping. 

Douglas, J. W., Esq., President. 6, Kingswood Place, Lee, Kent. 

Drakeford, Rev. D. J. Chewton Mendip, Somersetshire. 

Dunning, J. W., Esq., M.A., F.L.S. 1, Field Court, Gray’s Inn. 

Dutton, James, Esq. Hammersmith. 

Ellerton, John, Esq. 9, Westmorland Place, Westbourne Grove. 

Evans, Henry, Esq. Darley Abbey, near Derby. 

Evans, W. F., Esq. Admiralty. 

Fenning, George, Esq. Lloyds, London. 

Fereday, R. W. Esq. 2, Leighton Villas, Talbot Road, Kentish 
Town. 

Francis, Horace, Esq. 38, Upper Bedford Place, Russell Square. 

Fry, Alexander, Esq. 2, Boltons, West Brompton. 

Gloyne, C. P., Esq. 5, Terrace, Kensington. 

Gorham, H., Esq. 5, Regent Square, Gray’s Inn Road. 

Gould, J., Esq. F.R.S. F.L.S. F.Z.S. 26, Charlotte Street, Bedford 
Square. 

Gray, John, Esq. Wheatfield House, near Bolton-le-Moors. 

Gray, J. E., Esq., Ph.D. F.R.S., British Museum. 

Grenfell, John G., Esq. British Museum. 

Groves, W., Esq. 1, Lee Place, Lee. 

Grut, F., Esq. 9, King Street, Southwark. 

Guyon, G., Esq. Ventnor, Isle of Wight, and Richmond, Surrey. 

Hackshaw, Robert, Esq. 29, Merton Road, Kensington. 

Hamilton, Major T. India. 

Hanson, Samuel, Esq. 43, Upper Harley Street. 

Haward, Alfred, Esq. Eagle Cottage, Gloucester Road, Croydon. 

Hearsey, Major General Sir John Bennett, K.C.B. 

Hewitson, W. C., Esq. Oatlands, near Esher, Surrey. 

Holdsworth, Joseph, Esq. 54, Lombard Street. 

Howitt, Godfrey, Esq., M.D. Collins Street, East, Melbourne. 

Hunter, John, Esq. Sycamore Grove, New Malden. 


Date of 


Election, 


1843 
1859 
1853 


* 


1861 
1859 


1860 S. 


1861 S. 


1858 
1842 
1861 


1861 S. 


1855 
1849 


1859 


1857S. 


1835 


1851 
1849 


1850 S. 


1850 


1851 
1858 
1856 
1860 


1850 S. 
1860S. 


1858 


1853 SS. 


1859 
1850 
1851 
1849 
1841 
1840 


1854 


1860 S. 


1852 


1851 S. 


ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. x1x 


Janson, E. W., Esq., Secretary. 61, Gracechurch Street. 

Jeakes, William, Esq. Winchester Hall, Highgate. 

Jekel, M. Henri. Paris. 

Jenyns, Rev. L., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. Darlington Place, Bathwick, 
Bath. F 

Jesse, F. A., Esq. Lanbedr Hall, Denbighshire. 

Johnson, Henry, Esq. Hampstead Hill. 

Keeley, R. G., Esq. 11, Sydney Terrace, Marlboro’ Road, 
Chelsea. 

Kirby, W. F., Esq., 33, Mornington Crescent. 

Knaggs, H. S., Esq., M.D. 1, Malden Place, Camden Town. 

Kuper, Rev. C.  Trellich, Monmouth. 

Lacerda, Signor Antonio de. Bahia. 

Laing, James A., Esq. Paragon Road, Blackheath. 

Lea, J. W., Esq. Shepperton Green, Chertsey. 

Lee, John, Esq., L.L.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. F.R.A.S. Hartwell House, 
Aylesbury. 

Lewis, Rev. Evan, B.A. Rothwell, Northamptonshire. 

Lewis, G., Esg. 6, Kidbrook Place, Blackheath. 

Lingwood, R. M., Esq., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S.  Lyston, near Ross, 
Herefordshire. 

Lodder, Captain H., 47th Infantry. Malta. 

Logan, R. F., Esq. Hawthornbrae, Duddingstone, near Edinburgh, 

Lowe, Dr. Balgreen, Slateford, near Edinburgh. 

Lubbock, John, Esq., F.R.S., &c. High Elms, Farnborough, 
Kent. 

M‘Intosh, J., Esq. Bridge Road, Hammersmith. 

M‘Lachlan, Robert, Esq. 1, Park Road Terrace, Forest Hill. 

Marshall, William, Esq. Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield. 

May, J. W., Esq. 19, Clifton Road East, St. John’s Wood. 

Meade, R. W., Esq. Bradford, Yorkshire. 

Miller, C., Esq. 17, Silurian Terrace, Brook Road, Dalston. 

Mitford, R. H., Esq. Haverstock Place, Hampstead. 

Moore, F., Esq. Jeffery’s Terrace, Kentish Town. 

Mosse, G. S., Esq. Elden Road, Kensington. 

Murray, Alexander, Esq. Shenley, Herts. 

Murray, A., Esq., Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington. 

Newman, Edward, Esq., F.L.S. F.Z.S. M.Imp.L.C. Acad. 7, York 
Grove, Peckham. 

Owen, Richard, Esq., M. D. L.L.D. F.R.S. F.L:S. F.G.S. British 
Museum. 

Parry, Major F. J.S., F.L.S. 18, Onslow Square, South Ken- 
sington. 

Pascoe, F. P., Esq., F.L.S. 7, Palace Garden Villas, Notting Hill. 

Pelerin, W. G., Esq. 28, Hertford Road, De Beauvoir Square. 

Pickersgill, J. C., Esq. Hooley House, Coulsdon, near Croydon. 

Preston, Rev. T.A. The College, Marlborough, 

5.2 


xXx 


Date of 
Election. 


1852 
1855 
1857 
1861 
1859 
1849 
1861 
1849 
1849 
* 
1858 
1857 
1860 
1853 
1847 
1850 
1851 
1852 


1853 
1858 
1850 
1861 
* 
1848 
1858 
1837 
1856 
1854 
1859 
1854 
1850 
1856 
1845 
1838 
1859 
1853 
1859 
1854 
1849 
1854 
1850 
1858 
* 
1850 
1850 
*% 


as A 


Pa 


D+ 


ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. 


Quin, C. W., Esq. 25, Clarence Street, Islington. 

Reading, J. J.. Esq. 11, Ham Street, Plymouth. 

Robinson, E. W., Esq. 42, Harmood Street, Kentish Town. 
Rome, J., Esq., M.A. Woodlands, Hamilton, Lanarkshire. 
Rye, E. C., Esq. 284, King’s Road, Chelsea. 

Salt, G. M., Esq. Shrewsbury. 

Saunders, G.S., Esq. Hill Field, Reigate. 

Saunders, S. §., Esq. Albania. 

Saunders, W. F., Esq. Hill Field, Reigate. 

Saunders, W. W., Esq., F.R.S. F.L.S., &c. Hill Field, Reigate. 
Saussure, Mons. H. F. de. Geneva. 

Sealy, A. F., Esq., M.A. 70, Trumpington Street, Cambridge. 


‘Seaton, George, Esq. ‘Trinity Square, Brixton. 


Scott, John, Esq. 138, Torrington Villas, Lee. 

Shepherd, Edwin, Esq., Secretary. 176, Fleet Street. 

Shepherd, James, Esq. Brown Street, Blackburn. 

Sheppard, Augustus F., Esq. Kingston, Surrey. 

Sheppard, Edward, Esq., F.L.S. 5, Ladbroke Place West. Not- 
ting Hill. 

Signoret, Mons. Victor. Paris. 

Slade, Robert, Esq. 386, Gillingham Street, Pimlico. 

Smith, Frederick, Esq. British Museum. 

Solomon, Aaron, Esq. 16, Pownall Road, Dalston. 

Spence, W. B., Esq. 18, Lower Seymour Street, Portman Square. 

Stainton, H. T., Esq., F.L.S. Mountsfield, Lewisham. 

Stevens, Joseph, Esq. Upper Richmond Road, Wandsworth. 

Stevens, S., Esq., F.L.S., Treasurer. 24, Bloomsbury Street. 

Syme, John T., Esq. 12, Gordon Street, Gordon Square. 

Tapping, Thomas, Esq. 43, Gloster Place, Kentish Town. 

Tegetmeier, W. B., Esq. Muswell Hill. 

Thompson, Miss. Barn Hill, Stamford. 

Thompson, Thomas, Esq. Hull. 

Thomson, James, Esq. 23, Rue de l'Université, Paris. - 

Thurnell, Charles, Esq. Duxford, Cambridgeshire. 

Thwaites, G. R. H., Esq. Ceylon. 

Timins, Douglas, Esq. Oriel College, Oxford. 

Tompkins, H., Esq. 44, Guildford Street, Russell Square. 

Trimen, Roland, Esq. 71, Guildford Street, Russell Square. 

Turner, J. A., Esq., M. P. Cross Street, Manchester. 

Vaughan, P. H., Esq. Redland, near Bristol. 

Wailes, George, Esq. Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

Walker, Francis, Esq., F.L.S. The Grove, Highgate. 

Wallace, Alexander, Esq., M.D. 23, Bedford Place. 

Walton, John, Esq., F.L.S. Byard’s Lodge, Knaresborough. 

Ward, S. Nevill, Esq. Hon. E. I. C. Civil Service, Madras. 

Waring, S. L., Esq. The Oaks, Norwood. 

Waterhouse, G, R., Esq., F.Z.S. British Museum. 


Date of 
Election. 


1845 
1855 


ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. XXi 


Weir, J. J., Esq. 6, Haddo Villas, Blackheath. 

Were, R. B., Esq. 35, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road. 

Westwood, J. O., Esq., M.A. F.L.S., Hope Prof. of Zool. in Uni- 
versity of Oxford ; Hon. Mem. Ent. Soc. France, &c. Henley 
House, near Oxford. 

White, Adam, Esq. British Museum. 

Wilkinson, S. J., Esq. 7, Jeffrey’s Square, St. Mary, Axe. 

Wollaston, T. V., Esq., M.A. F.L.S. Kingskerswell, Newton Abbot, 
Devon. 

Yatman, J. V., Esq. 2, Bombay Place, Amersham Park, New 
Cross. 

Zuchold, Ernst, A. - Halle, Prussia. 


(xxl 


CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 


INSTITUTED NOV. dru, 1838. 


nr’ 


Date of 
Election. 


1842 Boys, Capt. India, 

1844 Buonaparte, Prince Lucien. 

1844 Baraston, George, Esq. Hudson's Bay. 

1846 Blagrove, Lieut. Thomas. 26th Bengal Infantry. 

1846 Bowman,Jobn, Esq. Bombay. 

1846 Brain, T. H., Esq., Principal of Sydney College, New South Wales. 
1847 Bowring, J. C., Esq. Hong Kong. 

1847 Bowring, L. B., Esq. Bancoorah, near Burdwall, Bengal. 

1849 Blair, Daniel, Esq. Surgeon-General, British Guiana. 

1850 Bach, Herr M. Boppard-on-the-Rhine. 


1839 Cantor, Dr. 

1844 Costa, Signor Achille. Naples. 

1844 Chiaga, Signor Stephano Della. Naples. 
1852 Cox, F., Esq. Van Diemen’s Land. 


1839 Downes, Mr. Ezra. 
1850 Dalton, H. G., Esq. George Town, Demerara. 


1846 Elliot, Walter, Esq. Madras. 
1841 Fraser, Louis, Esq. H. M. Vice-Consul, Whidah. 


1889 Griffith, W., Esq. 

1847 Gilbert, G. A., Esq. 

1847 Gray, W., Esq. St. Petersburgh. 
1849 Goding, F., Esq., M.D. Barbadoes. 


1844 Harris, Dr. Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. 


1846 Layard, F. P., Esq. Bengal Infantry. 
1846 Layard, E. L., Esq. 

1846 Leconte, Major. New York. 

1838 Low, Hugh, Esq. Labuan. 


LIST OF CORRESPONDING MEMBERS, 


Date of 
Election. 


1839 


1846 
1846 


1839 
1839 
1842 
1846 


M‘Lelland, J., Esq. Calcutta. 


Pope, John, Esq. Hong Kong. 
Peters, Francis, Esq. Zanzibar. 


Schomburgh, Sir R. 
Sayers, Lieut. 
Stevenson, —. 

Smith, Dr.G. Madras. 


1849 Thomas, Grant, Esq. Barbadoes. 


1841 
1845 
1847 
1849 
1854 


1841 


Wiegand, Sir F. 

Wilkinson, Sir J. Gardner. 

Wilson, C. A., Esq. Adelaide, South Australia, 
Wallcott, R. B., Esq., M.D. Barbadoes. 
Wallace, A. R. 


Younger, Lieut. John Robertson. 


XXili 


CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 


IN 


THE LIBRARY 


Che Entomological Society of London, 


ww 


ed 


Abeiller, Le Bon Abeiller, ou Manuel simple et suffisant pour établir et diriger 
une Abeillerie. 12mo. Evreux, 1822. 


Abeilles, L’Art de gouverner les Abeilles. 12mo. Paris, 1783. 

Axszort (John). See Smiru (James Edward). 

ApMIRAL (Jacob), Naauwkeurige Waarneminge omtrent de Veranderingen 
van veele Insekten of gekorvene Dierjes. Fol. Amsterdam, 
1774. 

Acass1z (Louis), Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens nomina systematica gene- 
rum Animalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Fasc. L—VIII. 
4to. Soloduri, 1842-45. 

ALBIN (Eleazar), A Natural History of English Insects. Illustrated with a 
hundred Copper Plates, curiously engraven from the Life. 4to. 
Lond. 1720. 

Insectorum Angliz Naturalis Historia: illustrata Iconibus in Centum 
Tabulis Aineis eleganter ad vivum expressis, et istis, qui ad- 
poscunt, accuraté etiam coloratis ab authore, E. A. Pictore. His 
accedunt Annotationes ample, et Observationes plurime insignes, 
a Guil. Derham, R.S. Socio habite. 4to. Lond. 1731. 

A Natural History of Spiders and other curious Insects. 4to. Lond. 
17386. 

Aranci, or a Natural History of Spiders, including the principal parts 
of the well-known Work on English Spiders by E. A., as also 
the whole of the celebrated Publication on Swedish Spiders by 
Charles Clerk; revised, enlarged and designed anew by Thomas 
Martyn. 4to. Lond. 1793. 

Amyot (C. J. B.) et AupINeT-SERVILLE (J. G.), Histoire Naturelle des 
Insectes. Hémipteres. 8vo. Paris, 1843. 

ANDERSON (John), Sketch of the Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous 
System. 4to. Lond. 1888. 

Asmuss (Hermann Martin), Monstrositates Coleopterorum., 8vo. Rige et 
Dorpati. 1835. 

AvuBE (Ch.). See Desean (Le Comte P. I. M, G.). 

you. v.—186]. a 


il CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


AupDINET-SERVILLE (J. G.), Description du Genre Peirate, de l’Ordre des 
Hémipteres, Famille des Géocorises, Tribu des Nudicolles. Ann. 
Sci. Nat. 1831. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptéres. 8vo. Paris, 1839. 

See Amyot (C. J. B.). 

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hémiptéres. 8vo. Lond, 1843, 
Avupouin (Jéan Victor). See Cuvier (Le Baron). 

Cuvier’s Report on Andouin and Milne- Edwards. 

Mémoire relative aux Anim. sans Vert. des Cotes de la France. 


Cat. des Livres d’Hist. Nat. et principalement d’Kntom. composant 
la Bibliotheque de feu V. A. 


Recherches sur les Rapports naturels qui existent entre les Trilobites 
et les Animaux articulés. Soc. Philom. de Paris, 1821. Ent. 
Trans. Vol. 13. 


Lettre sur la Génération des Insectes, adressée 8 M. Arago. Ann. 
Sci. Nat. 1824, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Recherches pour servir a |’ Histoire naturelle des Cantharides. Ann, 
Sci. Nat. 1826. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


Observations sur le Nid d’une Araignée, construit en terre, et 
remarquable par une grande perfection de travail. Acad. des 
Sci. Nat. 1831. Ent. Tracts, Vol. 1. 


Notice sur George Cuvier. 8vo. Paris, 1832. 
Observations sur un Insecte qui passe une grande partie de sa vie 


sous la mer. Nouy. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. t. I1J. Paris, 1833. 
Ent. Tracts. 4to. 

Meloe collégial. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1835. Ent. Tracts. 

Lettre concernant des Calculs trouvés dans les canaux biliaires d’un 
cerf-volant Femelle (Lucanus ecapreolus). Ann. Sci. Nat. 1836. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 

Notice sur les Ravages causés dans quelques Cantons du Magonnais 
par Ja Pyrale de la Vigne, et sur les moyens qui ont été jugés les 
plus convenables pour arréter le fléau. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1837. 
Ent. Tracts, Vol. 12. 

Considérations nouvelles sur les Dégats occasionés par la Pyrale de la 
Vigne. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1837. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 

Nouvelles Expériences sur la Nature de la Maladie contagieuse qui 
attaque les Vers a Soie, et qu’on designe sous le nom de Muscar- 
dine. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11. 

Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur ]la Maladie contagieuse 
qui attaque les Vers a4 Soie, et qu’on designe sous le nom de 
Muscardine. Ann. Sci, Nat. 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11. 

See MacLeay (W.S.). 

Notes on the Thorax of Insects. 

AvupouIn (Jéan Victor) et Minne-Epwarps (H.). 

Recherches anatomiques sur le Systeme Nerveux. Ann. Sci. Nat. 
1828, Ent. Tracts, Vol. 13. 

Résumé des Recherches sur les Animaux sans Vertébres faites aux 
Iles Chausey. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1828. »Ent. Tracts, Vol. 13. 

Aupouin (Jéan Victor) et Brutus (Aug.). 

Description des Espéces nouvelles ou peu connues de la Famille des 

Cicindelétes. Archiv. du Mus. t. I. 1840. Ent. Tracts. 4to. 


Bacu (M.), Kaferfauna ftir Nord- und Mitteldeutschland, mit besonderer Ruck- 
sicht auf die Preussischen Rheinlande, 2 Vols. in One. Syo. 
Coblenz, 185], 1854. 


Sa Lin 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. iil 


Bapwam (David), Insect Life. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1845. 
Baker (Henry), Employment for the Microscope. In two Parts. 8vo. Lond. 
1758. 


5) 
Baty (Joseph 8.), Catalogue of Hispide in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part I. 8vo. Lond. 1858. 
Descriptions of new Species of Phytophagous Beetles. Ann, Mag. 
Nat. Hist. 8vo. 1859. Vol. III. Ent. Tracts. 
Descriptions of new Species of Phytophagous Beetles. From the 
Aiunals and Magaz. Nat. Hist. for March, 1859, Vol. III. 
3rd Ser. Pamphlet. Tracts. Coleopt. 
BARTHELEMY-LAPOMMERAYE ( ), On Carabe d’ Agassiz (Carabus Agassizi). 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 
Bee-Keeper, A short and simple Letter to Cottagers from a conservative Bee- 
Keeper. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 8vo. 1838.(?) 
Bees: Apiarium, or a Discourse of the Government and Ordering of Bees. 
The Second Edition. 8vo. Lond. 1678. 
The Natural History of Bees. Svo. Lond. 1744. 
Bee Society, Hints for Promoting a Bee Society. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 8vo. 
Lond. 1796. 
Betz (Thomas), Hore Carcinologice, or Notes of Crustacea—I. A Mono- 
eraph of the Leucosiade. Trans. Linn. Soc, XXI. 


BELLARDI (Luigi), Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana, Parte 1%. 4to. Torino. 
1859. 


BEMMELEN (A. A. Van), Waarnemingen over het trekten van Insekten. 
Hand. Nederl. Ent. Vereen, Lieden, 1857. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 

Benson (W. H.), Description of four new Species of the Coleopterous Family 
of the Pausside, and Notice of a fifth Species forming the Type 
of a new Genus. Cal. Jour. Nat. Hist. VI. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 

Brerenpt (George Carl), Die Insekten im Bernstein: ein Beitrag zur Thier- 
geschichte der Vorwelt. Erst. Heft. 4to. Danzig, 1830. 

Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt. Band 1. 

Heft. 1—3. Fol. Berlin, 1845. 

Bericht (Zweiter), uber die Arbeiten der Entomologischen Sektion im Jahre 
1850. 4to. 

Berkevey (M.1I.), On a Gall gathered in Cuba by W.S. Macleay upon the 
Leaf of a Plant belonging to the Order Ochnacee. ‘Trans. Linn. 
Soc. XVITI. 

BerkeNHouT (John), Synopsis of the Natural History of Great Britain and 
Ireland, being the Third Edition of the Outlines, corrected and 
considerably enlarged. 2 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1795. 

BeRTEZEN (Salvator), Réflexions sur les Moyens d’améliorer la Culture de la 
Soie en France. Ent. Tracts. 8vo. Paris, 1792. 

Bevan (Edward), The Honey Bee, its Natural History and Physiology and 
Management. 8vo. Lond. 1827. 


Second Edition. 8yvo. Lond. 1858. 
Hints on the History and Management of the Honey Bee. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol.8. 12mo. Hereford, 1851. 
Broce (Edward), Observations on the Natural History of two Species of 
Wasps. Ent. Tracts. Vol.8. S8vo. Oxford, 1835. 
BLAcKWALL (John), ‘the Difference in the Number of Eyes with which the 
Spiders are provided, proposed as the Basis of their Distribution 
into Tribes, &c. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 
A Catalogue of Spiders either not previously recorded or little known 
as indigenous to Great Britain, with Remarks on their Habits 
and Economy. ‘Trans, Linn. Soc. XIX. 
a2 


iv CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Biackwauu (John). Experiments and Observations on the Poison of Animals 
of the Order Araneidea. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. 


Researches in Zoology, illustrative of the Manners and Economy of 
Animals; with Descriptions of numerous Species new to Natu- 
ralists. Svyo. Lond. 1834. 


Brancuarp (Emile). See Larorte (F. L. de, Comte de Castelneau), His- 
toire Naturelle des Insectes Orthoptéres, Néuropteres, Hémip- 
téres, Hyménoptéres, Lépidoptéres et Diptéres, avec une intro- 
duction par M. Brullé. 8vo. Paris, 1840. 

Histoires des Insectes. Traitant de leurs meeurs et de leurs méta- 
morphoses en général, et comprenant une nouvelle classification 
fondée sur leurs rapports naturels. 2 Vols. 12mo. Paris, 1845. 

BruMensACcH (J. F.) A Manual of the Elements of Natural History by J. F. 
Blumenbach, translated from the tenth German Edit., by R. T. 
Gore. 8vo. Lond. 1825. 


Boueman (C. H.). See SCHOENHERR (C. J.). 


Nya Svenska Homoptera. K. Vetensk-Akad. 1847. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 6. 

Insecta Caffraria annis 1838—1845 a J. A. Wahlberg collecta, 
descripsit Carolus H. Boheman. Coleoptera. Pars I. Fascic. 
1,2. Pars II. Fascic.1. 8vo. Holmiz, 1848—1857. 

Monographia Cassididarum. 3 Tom. 8vo. Holmiae, 1850—1855. 

Coleoptora: Species novas descripsit. Virgin. Eugenies Resa om- 
kring Jorden. Entom. Bidrag. Acad. Roy. des Sci. de Stock- 
holm, 1858. 

Botspuvau (J. A.) et GUENEE, Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Species gé- 
néral des Lépidoptéres. 10 Tomes. Planches. 8vo. Paris, 1886. 


Essai sur une Monographie des Zygénides. 8vo. Paris, 1829. 


Histoire générale et Iconographie des Lépidoptéres et des Chenilles 
de l’Amérique septentrionale. S8vo. Paris, 1829. 


See DEJEAN (Le Comte P. F. M. G.). 


Borrarp (——), Traité de la Culture du Mirier et de l’Education des Vers a 
Soie.. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 8vo. Paris, 1828. 


Bonant (P.), Observationes circa viventia, que in rebus non viventibus re- 
perivntvr. Cym Micrographia cvriosa, sine Rerum minutissi- 
marum Observationibus, qua ope Microscopij recognite ad viuum 
exprimuntur. His accesserunt aliquot Animalium Testaceorum 
Tcones non antea in lucem edite. 4to. Rome, 1691. 


Bonar (James), A Treatise on the Natural History and Management of Bees. 
8vo. Edinb. 1796. 

Bonnet (Charles de), Giuvres d’Histoire Naturelle et de Philosophie. 18 
Tom. 8vo. Neuchatel, 1779—1783. 

Bonvoutoir (H. De), Essai Monographique sur la Famile de Throscides. 
8vo. Paris, 1859. 

Booru (A.), The Stranger’s Intellectual Guide to London for 1839-40. (This 
little work contains a history of the rise and progress of the Ento- 
mological Society.) 8vo. Lond. 1839. 

Bosquer (J.), Description des Entomostracés fossiles des terrains tertiaires de 
la France et de la Belgique. Mém. Cour. et Mém. Sav. Etrang. 
de l’Acad. Roy. de Belgique, t. xxiv. 


Bourver (L’Abbé), Mémoire sur les Podurelles. From Mem. Soc. Roy. Agri. 
Sci. Dép. du Nord, 1841—1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1. 8vo. 
Douai, 1843. 


Brawnpr (J. F.), Recueil de Mémoires relatifs a l}Ordre des Insectes Myria- 
podes. Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peterb. t. v. vi. vii. vill, ix. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1. 8&vo, St. Petersbourg, 1841. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. v 


Braver (Friedrich), Beitrage zur Kenntniss des innern Baues und der Ver- 
wandlung der Neuropteren. Zool.-botan.-Vereins in Wien. 8vyo. 
1855. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7. 
See FRAUENFELD (G.) 
BreMme (Marquis F. de), Reflexions sur la Classification des Insectes, selon la 
méthode naturelle. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 8vo. Paris, 1842. 
Monographie de quelques Genres de Coléopteres Hétéromeres appar- 
tenant a la Tribu des Blapsides. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 8vo. 
Paris, 1842. 
Sur le Genre Ceratites de M. Macleay. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 
tom. 1. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 
Essai monographique et iconographique de la Tribu des Cossyphides. 
2 Partie. 8vo. Paris, 1842—1846. 
Bromwicu (Bryan J’Anson), The experienced Bee-keeper, containing an Essay 
on the Management of Bees, etc. The Second Edition, 8vo. 
Lond. 1783. 
Brown (Robert), Directions for collecting and preserving Plants in Foreign 
Countries. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 
Brute (A.), Animaux articulés recueillis aux tiles Canaries, par MM. Webb 
et Berthelot. Letter-press only. 4to. Paris, 1S—. 
See AuDOUIN (Jean Victor). 
Sec LAvorte (F.) 
BurMetster (Hermann). See D’Atron (E.) 
A Manual of Entomology, translated from the German of Dr. H. B. 
by W. E. Shuckard. 8vo. Lond. 1836. 
Zur Naturgeschichte der Gattung Calandra, nebst Beschreibung einer 
neuen Art: Calandra Sommeri. (Ent.'Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Berlin, 
1837. 
Untersuchungen tber die Flugeltypen der Coleopteren. Abh. Nat. 
Ges. zu Halle. 38r Band. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 
Bemerkungen uber den allgemeinen Bau und die Geschlechtsunter- 
schiede bei den Arten der Gattune Scolia, Fabr. Abh. Nat. 
Ges. zu Halle, lr. Band, 4to. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 
Handbuch der Entomologie. Band 1—d. 8vo. Berlin, 1832—1847 
Abbildungen nebst deren Erklarung zum zweiten und den folgenden 
Theilen des Handbuchs der Entomologie. 4to. Berlin. 
Beschreibung einiger neuen oder weniger bekannten Schmarotzer- 
krebse. Acta Acad. Ces. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. t. xvii. 1833. 
Ent. Tracts. 4:to. 
Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Rankenfisser. 4to. Berlin, 1834. 
Bericht uber die Fortschritte der Entomologie in Jahre 1885. 8vo. 
Berlin, 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 
Genera quedam Insectorum inconibus illustravit et descripsit. Vol. I. 
8vo. Berolini, 1838—46. 
Athlophorus Klugii: eine neue Gattung der Blattwespen. 'Tenthre- 
donide. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Halle, 1847. 
Die Verwandlungsgeschichte yon Chlamys monstrosa. Archiy. f. 
Natur. Jahrg. I. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 
Article Insecta in Allgemeine Enclyclopadie of Ersch and Gruber: 
XVIII. 4to. Berlin. 
ButLerR (Charles), The Feminine Monarchy; or the History of Bees. To 
which is added some Observations of Silk Worms. 12mo. Lond: 
1704. 


Vill CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Costa (Achille), Cimicum regni Neapolitani Centuria secunda. (Ent. Tracts. 
Ato.) 4to. Neap. 1844. 
Storia completa dell’ Entombia Apum, A. Cos. (nuovo genere d’ insetti 
ditteri), Atti R. Istit.d’ Incoragg. 4to. Vol. VIT. 1845, Ent. 
Tracts. 4to. 


Nota sul Genere Opsebius frai Ditteri enopidei. 8vo. Napoli, 1857. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Costa (O. G.), Nuove Osservazioni intorno alle Cocciniglie ed ai loro pretesi 
Maschi. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Napoli, 1836. 


Monografia degl’ Insetti ospitanti sull’ Ulivo e nelle Olive. Edizione 
II. Napoli, 1842, Int. Tracts. 8vo. 


Corre (C.), Extrait des Mémoires envoyés au Concours pour Je Prix proposé 
par la Société d’ Agriculture du Département de la Seine, en l’An 
VIIL., et adjugé en l’An IX., sur l'éducation des Abeilles. 8vo. 
Paris, An XI. 

Courrecu Du Pont ( ),; Manuel populaire pour I’ Educateur de Vers a Soie, 
ou Rapport @’une Education faite en Avril et Mai, 1842. 8vo. 
Tarascon, 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11. 


Cox (Charles James), Paper on the destructive Powers of the Scolytus destructor 
and of the Cossus Ligniperda, with a certain method of their re- 
moval. Roy. Bot. Soc. Lond. 4to. 1848. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 


Cramer (P.), De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld- 
Deelen Asia, Africa en America, by een verzameld en beschreeven 
door den Heer Pieter Cramer. The Text in Dutch and French. 
5 Deel. 4to. Amsterdam, 1779—91. 


CrevuTzer (Christian), Entomologische Versuche. 8vo. Wien, 1779. 

Curtis (John), British Entomology, being illustrations and descriptions of the 
Genera of Insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, containing 
coloured figures from nature. 16 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1823—1840. 
Another copy in 10 Vols. 


Spider-like Animals [of Trachean Arachnides, the Genus Achlysia.] 
Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VII. Svo. Lond. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. I. 


Descriptions of some nondescript British Species of May-flies of An- 
glers. Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. VII. 


Observations on the Natural History and Economy of the different 
Insects affecting the Turnip Crop. 8vo. Lond. 1841. Ent, 
Tracts. Vol. XII. . 

Descriptions, &c. of the Insects collected by Capt. P. P. King, in the 
Survey of the Straits of Magellan. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII, 
and XIX. 


Descriptions of the Nests of two Hymenopterous Insects inhabiting 
Brazil, and of the Species by which they were constructed. 
Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX. Art. XXIV and XXXII. 


On the Genus Myrmica, and other indigenous Ants. Trans. Linn. 
Soc. XXI. 1854. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 


Remarks relative to the Affinities and Analogies of Natural Objects. 
more particularly of Hypocephalus, a Genus of Coleoptera. Trans. 
Linn. Soc. XXI. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Lond. 1854. 


On the Economy of a new Species of Saw-fly. Trans. Linn. Soc. X XI. 
Descriptions, &c. of the Insects brought home by Commander James 
Clark Ross, R.N. From Ross, Voy. App.4to. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 


Notes on Galls from the Crimea. From the Gardener’s Chronicle, 
1855. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 


Farm Insects, being the Natural History and Economy of the Insects 
injurious to the field crops of Great Britain and Ireland, and also 
those which infest barns and granaries. With suggestions for 
their destruction. 8yo. London, 1860. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1X 


Cuvier (Le Baron G. L. C. D.4, Rapport fait a l’Académie des Sciences de 
Paris, sur un Ouvrage de M.J. Victor Audouin, ayant pour titre: 
“Recherches Anatomiques sur le Thorax des Animaux articulés, 
et celui des Insectes en particulier.’ (Ent.'Tracts,4to.) 4to. Paris. 


Rapport sur trois Mémoires de M.M. Victor Audouin et Milne- 
Edwards, relatifs aux Animaux sans Vertébres des Cétes de 
la France. Acad. Roy. Sci. 1830. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Cuvirr (Le Baron G. L. C. D.) et Dumurit (Aug.), Rapport fait 4 1’ Académie 
Royale des Sciences sur un Mémoire de M. Audouin et Milne- 
Edwards, ayant pour titre: ‘ Dela Respiration aérienne des Crus- 
tacés et les Modifications que présente l’Appareil branchial chez 
les Crabes terrestres.’’ Ann. Sci. Nat. 1828. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Cyriuu (D.), Entomologize Neapolitane. Fol. Neap. 1787. 


Dautzom (A. G.), Synopsis Hymenopterologie Scandinavice. Scandinaviska 
steklarnes Natur-historia af G. D. Ista Haftet. 4to. Lund. 
1839—40. 


Zoologiska Studier afhandlande djurrikets Naturliga Familjer till den 
Unedomens tjenst utarbetade. Torsta Bandet. 8vyo. Lund. 
1856—1857. 

Atlas till Zoologiska Studier, Haft 1. Svo. Lund. 1857. 


Dattas (W.S.), Description of a new Hemipterous Insect, forming the type 
of anew genus. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 6. 


Elements of Entomology. 8yo. Lond. 1856—1857. 


D’Atron (E.) and Burmeister (H), Zeitung fir Zoologie, Zootomie und 
Palaezoologie. Jahrg. 1848. 4to. Leipzig. 1848. 


Dana (James D.) and WuELPLEY (James), On two American Species of the 
Genus Hydrachna. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, Vol. 30. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 1. 


Dana (J. D.) and Herrick (I. C.), On a new Species of Argus. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 13. 


Description of the Argulus Catostomi, a new parasitic crustaceous 
Animal (with figures), by J. D. D. and E. C. Herrick. Yale Nat. 
Hist. Soc. 1836. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Dana (J. D.), Conspectus Crustaceorum, in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione, 
Carolo Wilkes. 8vo. Cautab. U.S. 1847. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 15. 


Danpoto (Comte de), L’Art d’élever les Vers a Soie, traduits de l’Italien par 
F. Philib. Fontaneilles. Deuxiéme édition. Svo. Lyon, 1825. 


Dawson (John Frederic), Geodephaga Britannica; a Monograph of the Car- 
nivorous Ground-Beetles indigenous to the British Isles. 8vo, 
Lond. 1854. 


DesEAN (Le Baron), Catalogue de la Collection de Coléopteres de M. le Baron 
Dejean. 8vo. Paris, 1821. 
Troisiéme édition, interleaved. 1837. 
Species général des Coléoptéres de la Collection de M. le B. Dej. 
5 Tom. S8vo. Paris, 1825—31. 


Desean (Le Comte) et Borspuvay (J. A.) et AuBE (Ch.), Iconographie ct 
Histoire Naturelle des Coléopteres d’Europe. 5 Tomes. 8vo. 
Paris, 1829—1837. 


Denis (——) und Schiffer-Muller ( ), Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge 
der Wiener Gegend. 4to, Wien. 1776. 


x CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Denny (Henry), Monographia Pselaphidarum et Scydmenidarum Britannie : 
or an Essay on the British Species of the Genera’ Pselaphus of 
Herbst and Seydmenus of Latreille. Svo. Norwich, 1825. 


DERHAM (W.) See ALBIN (E.) 


DesnoroucH (J. G.), On the Duration of Life in the Queen, Drone and 
Worker of the Honey Bee; being the Prize Essay of the Ento- 
mological Society of London, 1852. Svo. Lond. 1853. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 8. 


DesmarestT (Anselme-Gaetan), Considérations générales sur la Classe des Crus- 
tacés, et description des espéces de ces Animaux, qui vivent dans 
la mer, sur les cOtes, ou dans les eaux douces de la France. S8vo. 
Paris, 1825. 


DesvicNneEs (Thomas). See Museum (Britis), Catalogue of British Ichneu- 
monide. 


DicTionNairE (NovveAv) d’ Histoire Naturelle appliquée aux Arts, etc., par 
une Société de Naturalistes et d’ Agriculture. Nouvelle Edition. 
36 Tomes. 8vo. Paris, 1816—1819. 


Ditiwyn (lL. W.), Memoranda relating to Coleopterous Insects found in the 
Neighbourhood of Swansea. Not published. S8vo. Swansea. 


Memoranda relating to Coleopterous Insects found in the Neighbour- 
hood of Swansea. Not published. Svo. Penllergare, 1829. 


Donrn (Anton), Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem Ento- 
mologischen Verein zu Stettin. S8yo. Stettin, 1859. 


Donovan (E.), A Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China. 
4to. Lond. 1798. 


The Natural History of British Insects. 16 Vols. Svo. Lond. 
1802—1813. 


Dovusiepay (Edward), Remarks on the Genus Argynnis of the “ Encyclopédie 
Méthodique,” especially in regard to its Sub-division by means 
of Characters drawn from the Neuration of the Wings. Trans. 
Linn. Soc. XTX. 

Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera. Gray’s Zool. Misc. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 9. 
On some new Species of Butterflies. S8vo. Lond. Ent. Tracts. 


Doustepay (Henry), A Synonymic List of British Lepidoptera, including the 
Names and Synonyms of all these Insects, excepting the Family 
Tineide. 8yvo. Lond. 1850. Ent. Tracts. 


Doucias (J. W.). See Starnton (H. T.). 
The World of Insects: A Guide to its Wonders. 12mo. London, 1856. 


Drury (D.), Hlustrations of Natural History, wherein are exhibited upwards 
of two hundred and forty figures of Exotic Insects. Text in 
French and English. 3 Vols. 4to. 1770—1782. 


Another copy. 8 Vols. bound in 1 Vol. 


Nlustrations of Exotic Entomology, containing upwards of six hundred 
and fifty figures and descriptions of foreign Insects. A new 
Edition, brought down to the present state of the Science by 
J.O. Westwood, F.L.S. 3 Vols. Lond. 1837. 


Dusosr (J. F.), Méthode avantageuse de Gouverner les Abeilles. Ina Volume 
of Tracts. 8vo. Paris, 1800. 
Durour (Léon), Recherches Anatomiques sur les Carabiques et sur plusieurs 


autres Insectes Coléoptéres. Ann. Sci. Nat. années 1824—1826. 
8vo. Paris, 1824—1826: 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xl 


Durour (Léon), Description et Figures de quelques Especes du Genre Pha- 
langium, observées en Espagne. S8vo. Paris, 1831. Misc. Ent. 
Pamph. 


Description et Figures de quelques Aranéides nouvelles ou mal 
connues ; et Procédé pour conserver a sec ces invertébrés dans 
les Collections.. 8vo. Paris, 1831. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1. 


Recherches Anatomiques et Physiologiques sur les Hémipteres. 
Mém. des Savans étrang. Tom. IV. 4to. Paris, 1833. 


Mémoire pour servir 4 I’ Histoire de ]’ Industrie et des Métamorphoses 
des Odynéres, et Description du quelques nouvelles Especes de 
ce Genre d’Insectes. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1839. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


Révision et Monographie du Genre Ceroplatus, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1839. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Description des Galles du Verbascum et du Scrophularia et des 
Insectes qui les habitent. Extrait des Annales des Sciences 
Naturelles. S8vo. Paris, 1846. 


Histoire Anatomique et Physiologique des Scorpions. 4to. Paris, 
1856. 

Fragments d’Anatomie Entomologique. Extrait des Annales des 
Sciences Naturelles. Svo. Paris, 1857. 


Fragments d’Anatomie Entomologique sur les Buprestides, stivis de 
la Description d’une Espéce nouvelle de Cychius d’ Espagne. 
Extrait des Archives Entomologiques. 8vo. Paris, 1858. 


Fragments Anatomiques sur quelques Coléoptéres. Extrait des 
Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Svyo. Paris, 


Recherches Anatomiques sur les Hyménoptéres de la Famille des 
Urocerates. Extrait des Annales des Sciences Naturelles. S8vo. 
Paris, 5 

Note sur l’Absence dans le Nemoptera Lusitanica d’un Systeme 
nerveux appréciable. Extrait des Annales des Sciences Na- 
turelles. 8vo. Paris, ——. 


Fragments Anatomiques sur quelques Elaterides. Extrait des Annales 
des Sciences Naturelles. S8vo. Paris, ; 


Mémoire sur une nouvelle Espéce de Belostoma (B. algeriense) et 
Réflexions sur ce Genre d’ Hémipteéres aquatiques. 8vo. ’ 


Durrscumip (Kaspar), Fauna Austrie. 8 Theil. Svo. Linz. und Leipzig, 
1805—1825. 
Dumeri (A. M.C.) See Minne-Epwarps (H.) 
Rapport sur un Mémoire de M. Audouin, relatif aux Métamorphoses 
d’une Chenille du Genre Dosithée, et sur une Larve d’Ichneumon 
qui vit dans son intérieur. Svyo. Paris, 1834. 
Duncan (James), See Witson (James). 
Entomologia Edinensis. 
Duront (M. H.), Monographie des Trachyderides, par M. Dupont, jeune. 
Guérin, Mag. d’Ent. 1856, 1838, 1840. 


Durrocuet (R. H. Joach.), Rapport sur divers travaux entrepris au sujet de la 
Maladie des Vers a Soie, connue vulgairement sous le nom de 
Muscardine. Svo. Paris, 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. XI. 


Ecoer (J.) See FRAUNFELD (G.) 


E1cuts (James), Description of a new Animal belonging to the Arachnides 
of Latreille; discovered in the Sea along the Shores of the Sea 
of New South Shetland Islands. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. I. 


Xli CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


EncycLorgpre Méruopiaur. Histoire naturelle. Insecres. Tom. 4—10. 
4to. Paris, 1789—1825. 
ENGELMANN (Wilhelm) Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis. S8vo. Leipsia, 1846. 


Ericuson (Wilh. Ferd.), Die Kafer der Mark Brandenburg, beschrieben von 
W.H. Erster Band. Svo. Berlin, 1837—39. 


Entomographien. Heft 1. 8vo. Berlin, 1840. 
Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Vol. 3. 8vo. Berlin 
1845—48. 
Genera et Species Staphylinorum insectorum Coleopterorum familiz. 
8vo. Berlin, 1839—40. 
Escuscuoitz. See LEQUIEN ( ): 
Esrer (Eug. John Christoph), Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der 
Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erster Theil. 4to. Erlangen, 1777. 


Evans (W. E.), British Libelluline; or Dragon Flies. Privately printed. 
8vo. Lond. 1845. 


Fabricius (J. C.), Systema Entomologie. Edit. secunda. 8vo, Flensburgi 
et Lipsie, 1775. 
Genera Insectorum. 8yo. Chilonii, 1776. 
Another copy. 
Philosophia Entomologica. 8vo. Hamborgi et Kilonii, 1778. 
Mantissa Insectorum. 2'Tom. 8vo. Hafniz, 1788. 
Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines, 
genera, species. 4 Tom. 8vo. Hafnix, 1792—94. 
Supplementum. 8vo. Ibid. 1798. 
Nomenclator Entomologicus. 8vo. Mancunii, 1796. 
Systema Rhyngotorum. 8vo. Brunsvige, 18038. 
Systema Antliatorum. 8vo. Brunsyige, 1805. 
Fapricius (Otho), Fauna Grenlandica. 8vo. Hafnie et Lipsiz, 1780. 
FaLrpERMAN (F.), Bereicherung zur Kiifer-Kunde des Russischen Reiches. 
Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. de Moscou. Tom. IX. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 
Additamenta Entomologica ad Faunam Rossicam in itineribus jussu 
imperatoris augustissimi annis 1827—1831 a Cl. Ménétriés et 
Snovitz susceptis collectz, in lucem edita auctore F. F. Nouv. 
Mem. Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Moscou. Tom. IV. 4to. Moscou, 
1835. 
Coleopteorum ab illustrissimo Bungio in China boreali, Mongolia et 
Montibus Altaicis collectorum, illustrationes. Mém. de St. Pet. 
Say. Etrang. Tom. II. 4to. 1836. 
FARMER (C.), A Notice of the Ravages of the Cane Fly, a small winged Insect, 
on the Sugar Canes of Grenada, including some facts on its 
habits. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VI. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 
Ficzac (Champollion), Account of a new Species of Insect of the Genus 
Corynetes of Fabricius observed in an Egyptian Mummy at 
Grenoble; published in the Magazin Encyclopédique, May, 
1814, and in the Phil. Mag. and Jour. Vol. XLIV. p. 131, 1814. 
Fisner pe WawpuHeEIm (Gotthelf), Sur les Spectres ou Phasmides. Ent. 
Tracts. 8vo. Moscou. 
Notice sur le Phlocerus, Genre nouveau d’Orthopteres de la Russie. 
Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. de Moscou, 1833. Ent. Tracts, Vol. 6. 
Notice sur l’Eurypterus de Podolie et Chirotherium de Livonie. 
(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Moscou, 1839. 
Catalogus Coleopterorum in Sibiria Orientali, Bull, de Moscou, 
1842. Ent. Traets. Vol. 4. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xiil 


FrsHER DE WALDHEIM (Gotthelf), Entomographie de la Russie. Tom. 4 and 5: 
Orthoptéres de la Russie — Lépidoptéres de la Russie.  4to, 
Moscou, 1846-1851. 


Jubil2um semisecularem doctoris medicine et plilosophie# G. I’. de 
W. celebrant Sodales Societatis Cesaree Nature Scrutatorum 
Mosquensis, die _*_ Februarii, Ann. mpcccextvii. Fol. Mosq. 
1847 ice 


Fiscner (Sebastian), Abhandlung tber die in der Umgebung von St. Peters- 
bourg vorkommenden Crustaceen aus der Ordnung der Branchio- 
poden und Entomostraceen. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. St. Pe- 
tersbourg, 1848. 


Abhandlung tber eine neue Daphnienart, Daphnia aurita; und uber 
die Daphnia laticornis, Jurine. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 
1849, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Erginzungen, Berichtigungen und Fortsetzung zu der Abhandlung 
uber die in der Umgebung von St. Petersburg vorkommenden 
Crustaceen aus der Ordnung der Branchiopoden und Ento- 
mostraceen. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. St. Petersbourg, 1850. 


Fitcu (Asa), On the Hessian Fly. 8vo. Albany, 1847. 


The American Currant Moth (Abraxas? Ribearia). 8vo. Albany, 
1848. 


First and second Report of the noxious, beneficial and other Insects, 
of the State of New York. 8vo. Albany, 1856. 


Foerster (Arnold), Hymenopterologische Studien. 1's Heft. Formicarix. 
(Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Aachen, 1850. 


FontTANEILLES (Philibert), See DANDoLo (Comte de). 


Forster (Joh. Reinholdus), Nove Species Insectorum. Centuria I. 8vo. 
Lond. 1771. 


Enchiridion Historia Naturali inserviens, quo Termini et Delinea- 
tiones ad Avium, Piscium, Insectorum et Plantarum adumbra- 
tiones intelligendas et concinnandas, secundum Methodum Sys- 
tematis Linnzani continentur. 8vo. Edinb. 1794. 


Fourcroy (A. F. de), Entomologia Parisiensis. Pars I.—II. 12mo. Paris, 
1785. 


FRAUENFELD (Georg), Uber eine neue Fliegengattung: Raymondia. Akad. 
d. Wissensch. Wien. Bd. XVIII. 1855. 


Beitrag zur Fauna Dalmatien’s. Aus Sitz. Math. Nat. Class. Kais. 
Akad. Wien. 8vyo. 


Die Gallen: Versuch die durch Insecten an den Pflanzen verursachten 
Auswuchse nach ihren Haupttypen und Wachsthums-verhalt- 
nissen Naturgemiiss zu gruppiren. From Sitzungsb. Math. Nat. 
Cl. Akad. d. Wissensch. Bd. XV. S8vo. Wien, 1855. 


Die Linsengallen der osterreichischen Eichen. S8vo. Moscau, 1856. 


Uber Raymondia, Strebla und Brachytarsina, von G. F. Aus der 
Sitzungsb. Math. Nat. Classe Kais. Akad. Wiss. Bd. XXII. 
8vo. Wien, 1857. : 

Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Trypeten, nebst Beschreibung 


einiger neuer Arten. Aus der Sitzungsb. Mat. Nat. Classe der 
Kais. Akad. Bd. XXII. 8vo, Wien, 1857. 


Beobachtungen tuber die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Chionea Ara- 
neoides yon Dr. J. Egger und Georg Frauenfeld, nebst Anatomie 
des Insectes und der Larve von Fr. Brauer. 8vo. Wien. 


Beitrag zur Insectengeschichte. Syo. Wien. 


XIV CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


FRAUENFELD (Georg), Ueber einen bisher verkannten Laufkafer beschrieben 
von L. Miller, und einen neuen augenlosen Russelkiafer, be- 
schrieben von F. Schmidt; ferner einige von Schmidt in Schischka 
neu entdeckte Hohlenthiere. 


Ueber die ersten Stande von Plinthus Megerlei, Pz. 
Ueber exotische Pflanzenauswuchse, erzeugt von Insecten. 
Diagnosen einiger neuer Insecten und Untersuchung mehrerer Sand- 
proben verschiedener Kustenpunkte, gesammelt wahrend der 
Reise Sr. Majestat Fregatte Novara. 
FREEMAN (John), Life of the Rey. William Kirby, M.A., Rector of Barham. 
8vo. Lond. 1852. 


Friscu (John Leonard), Beschreibung von allerley Insecten in Deutschland, 
nebst nutzlichen Anmerkungen und nothigen Abbildungen von 
diesem kriechenden und fliezenden inlandischen Gewurme. 13 
Theilen. 4to. Berlin, !1736—1766. 


Fuessty (Joh. Caspar), Verzeichniss der ihm bekannten Schweizerischen 
Inseckten, mit einer ausgemahlten Kupfertafel: nebst der An- 
kundigung eines neuen Insecten Werks. 4to. Zirich und 
Winterthur, 1776. 

Archives de l' Histoire des Insectes, publiées en Allemand par J.G.F.; 
traduites en Frangois. 4to. Winterthour, 1794. 
Another copy. 


See Journal (Zuricu), 


GASPARIN (De). See MitnNE-Epwarps (H.). 


GeEpDE (John), A New Discovery of an Excellent Method of Bee-Houses, 
and Colonies. 8vo. Lond. 1676. 


Geer (C. de), Mémoires pour servir a 1’ Histoire des Insectes. 7 Tomes. 4to. 
Stockholm, 1752—78. 


Genera et Species Insectorum; reddidit Anders Johan Retxius. 8vo. 
Lipsie, 1783. 
GEMMINGER (Max.), Systematische Uebersicht der Kafer um Munchen. 8vo. 
_ dena, 1851. 
GeEné (Guiseppe), Sugli Insetti pit nocivi. Svo. Milano, 1827. Ent. Tracts. 
Observations sur les Hyménopteéres d’ Europe de la Famille des Fouis- 
seurs, par P. L. Vander Linden. From Ann. Sci. Reg. Lomb. 
Veneto, 1831. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Padova, 1831. 
Saggio di una Monografia delle Forficule indigene. Ann. Sci. Reg. 
Lomb.-Veneto. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Padova, 1832. 


Sui Bruchi che in primavera danneggiano eli alberi dei viali attorno 
alla citta di Torino, e specialmente le quercie dei repari. S8vo. 
Firenze, 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 

Osservazioni sulle Abitudini e sulla Larva dell’ Apalus bimaculatus. 
Ann. Sci. Reg. Lomb. Veneto, 1831]. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. 
Padova, 1839. 


Memoria per servire alla Storia naturale di aleuni Imenotteri del Cav. 
Giu. G. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Modena, 1842. 


Memoria per servire alla Storia naturelle di una Specie di Cecidomia 
che vive sugli Iperici. Mem.R. Accad. Sci. Torino. Ent. Tracts. 
Ato. 


Considerazioni sui danni, che dalla distruzione degli uccelli insettivori 
provengono all’ Agricoltura. 8vo. Firenze, 1834, Ent. Tracts. 


GENTH (Fred. Aug.). See Gisss (Walcott). 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XV 


Georrroy (E. L.), Histoire abrégée des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs 
de Paris. 2 Tomes. 4to. Paris, 1762. 


GEOFFROY Saint Hiarre (Etienne), Rapport fait a l’Académie Royale des 
Sciences sur un travail de M.M. Victor Audouin et Milne- 
Edwards, ayant pour titre; Recherches anatomiques sur le 
Systeme nerveux des Crustacés. Ann. des Sci, Nat. 1828. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Germar (Ernst Friedrich). JInsectorum Species nove aut minus cognite 
descriptionibus illustrate. Vol. I. Coleoptera. 8vo. Hala, 
1824. 


Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, herausgegeben von E.F,G. Band L., 
2 Heft. Band II., 2 Heft. Band III., 1 and 2 Heft. 8vo. 
Leipzig, 1839—1841. 

Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie. 5 Vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1839-44. 


GersTAECKER(A.), Entomographien. Erster Band. Monographie der Familie 
Endomychidee. 8vo. Leipzig, 1858. 


GIMMERTHAL (B. G.), Zwolf neue Dipteren beschrieben und Namens des Natur- 
forschenden Vereins zu Riga, (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Riga, 
1847. 


GistL (Joh.), Enumeratio Coleopterorum agri Monacensis. Svo. Monach. 


Systema Insectorum. Tom. I. Coleoptera. 8vo. Monachii, 1837. 


Ueber eine neue Familie, Sippe und Gattung aus der Ordnung der 
Kafer. 8vo. Munchen, 1836. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


GoEDART (Joa.), Insectis in Methodum redactus; cum notularum additione. 
Item appendicis ad Historiam Animalium Anglize ejusdem 
M., Lister, altera editio hic quoque exhibetur. 8vo. Lond. 1685. 


Another copy. 


Metamorphosis et Historia naturalis Insectorum, cum commentariis 
D. Joannis de Mey. 12mo. Medioburgi, 1662. 


Goopsir (H. D. S8.), On two New Species of Leachia. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. 
1841. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Descriptions of some new Crustaceous Animals found in the Firth of 
Forth. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


On the Sexes, Organs of Reproduction and mode of Development of 
the Cirripeds. Account of the Maidre of the Fishermen, and 
description of some new Species of Crustaceans. Edinb. New 
Phil. Mag. 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Description of the Genus Cuma and of two new Genera nearly allied 
to it. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


The Genus Cetochilus, belonging to the Order Copepoda, and the 
Family Pontia of M. Edwards. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. 1845. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Descriptions of some new Species of Pycnogonide. Edinb. New Phil. 
Mag. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13, 


On a new Genus, and on six new Species of Crustacea, with Observa- 
tions on the Development of the Egg, and on the Metamorphoses 
of Calligus, Carcinus and Pagurus. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. Vol. 
33. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Notice of Observations on the Developement of the seminal Fluid and 
Organs of Generation in the Crustacea, Edinb, New Phil. Mag. 
1844, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Gore (R. T.). See BLuMENBACH (J. F.). 


xvi CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Gory (Hyppol. Louis), Description de l’Oxychiela Distigma. Guérin, Mag. 
Zool. 1831. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


Description du Zuphium fuscum. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1831. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Description du Cordistes quadrimaculata. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1831. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Description du Pamborus Guerinii. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1831. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Centurie de Carabiques nouveaux, Ann. Soc, Ent. de France, 1832. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


Monographie du Genre Notiophygus. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1834. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


Gory (H.) et Percueron (A.), Monographie des Cétoines et Genres voisins, 
formant, dans les familles naturelles de Latreille, la division des 
scarabées Mélitophiles. 8vo. Paris, 1833. 


Gossr (P. H.), The Canadian Naturalist. Svo. Lond. 1850. 


Gouup (Augustus A.), Cicindele of Massachusetts. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 
V ol. I. 


Gou tp (William), An Account of English Ants. 12mo. Lond. 1747. 


GRAELLS (Mariano de la Pax), Noticias sobre las Larvas de las Agapanthias, 
que podran utilezarse en la Historia general de este genero. 
Mem. Real. Acad. Cien. Madrid, t. I. p.68. 4to. 1850, fig. 


Descripcion de algunos Insectos nuevos pertenecientes 4 la Fauna 
Central de Espana. Mem. Real. Acad. Cien. Madrid, t. I. p. 
109, fig. 4to. 1851. 


Gravennorst (J. L. C.), Monographia Coleopterorum Micropterorum. 8vo. 
Gottinge, 1806. 


Monographia Ichneumonum pedestrium premisso preemio de transitu 
et mutibilitate specierum et varietatum. Svo. Lipsiw, 1815. 


Ichneumonologia Europea. 8 Pars. 8vo. Vratislaviee, 1829. 


Universitatis literarum Wratislaviensis H. 'T. Rector J. L. C. Graven- 
horst cum senatu novi rectoris in annum proximum constituti 
clariss. viri Henrici Steffens solemnem inaugurationem die xix. 
Oct. hora xi. in Aula Leopoldina celebrandam indicit. Insunt 
monita queedam de speciebus nigris Ichneumonum. (Ent. Tracts. 
4to.) 4to. Wratislavie, 1829. 


Gray (George Robert), Descriptions and Figures of some new Lepidopterous 
Insects chiefly from Nepal. 8vo. Lond. 1846. 


The Entomology of Australia, in a Series of Monographs. Part I. 
containing the Monograph of the Genus Phasma. (Ent. ‘Tracts. 
Ato.) 4to. Lond. 1833. 


Synopsis of the Species of Insects belonging to the Family of Phasmide. 
8vo. Lond. 1835. 


GuENEE(A.) See Botspuvat (J. A.). 
GuERIN-MENEVILLE. See GUERIN. 
See Journal (Parts), Magazin de Zoologie. 


Guerin (F. E.), Mémoire sur deux nouveaux Genres de I’ Ordre des Coleopteres, 
et Description des Especes qui les composent. Ann. Soc. Ent. 
1822. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xvi 


Guerin (F. E.), Mémoire sur |’Organization extérieure des Phyllosomes, et 
Monographie de ce Genre de Crustacés. Guérin, Mag. 1833, 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 
Notice sur les Métamorphoses des Cératopogons et Description de 
deux Espeéces nouvelles de ce Genre. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 
1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Description de Fulgora Castresii. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1836. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Description du Calognathus Chevrolatii. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1836. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Description de quelques Genres nouveaux de Crustacés appartenant a 
la Famille des Hyperines. Guérin, Mag. 1836. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 13. 


Prodrome d’une Monographie des Myzines. Dict. Pitt. d’Hist. Nat. 
t. V. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


Note monographique sur le Genre Limnadie, et Description d’une 
Espéce nouvelle de ce Genre. Guérin, Mag. 1837, Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 13. 


Et Perrotret (——), Mémoire sur un Insecte et un Champignon 
qui ravagent les Cafiers aux Antilles. Svo. Paris, 1842. Ent. 
‘Eracts: “Vol.:12: 


Concours pour les bonnes Observations sur les Insectes nuisibles a 
l’Agriculture. Soc. Roy. et Cent. d’Agric. 1845. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 12. 

Insectes nuisibles aux Récoltes, moyens d’arriver 2 leur Destruction. 
Extrait Congrés Central d’Agric. Paris, 1851. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 2. 

Crustacés du Voyage de la Favorite. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 8vo. 
Paris, 1838. 


Insectes du Voyage de la Favorite. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 8vo. Paris, 
1838. 


Notice sur quelques Insectes nuisibles au Froment, au Seigle, a 
lOrge et au Tréfle. Svo. Paris, 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 

Note sur les Acariens, les Myriapodes, les Insectes et les Helminthes 
observés jusqu’ici dans les pommes de terre malades. Bull. Roy. 
et Cent. d’Agric. Svo. Paris, 1845. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 

Essai sur les Lépidoptéres du Genre Bombyx qui donnent ou qui 
donneront de la Soie. Ency. Mod. t. VI. Svo. Paris, 1847. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


Nécessité d’introduire l’Etude de la Zoologie dans l’enseignement 
Agricole. From Journ. Agric. Pratiq. 1847. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 2. 

Note sur le Dommage causé en 1846 aux Récoltes d’Olives par le 
Ver ou Larve du Dacus olee. Extrait Rev. Zool. 1847. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 2. 

Arachnides du Voyage de la Favorite. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 8yo. 
Paris, 1848. 

Essai sur les Insectes utiles et nuisibles. Extrait Encyclop. Mod. t. 
XVIII. 8vo. Paris, 1848. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 

Et Rosert (Eugéne), Premicre Série d’Expériences sur la Mus- 
cadine faites par G. et R. a Saint Tulle, prés Manosque 
(Basses-Alpes), 1847. Extr. des Ann. Soc, Séric. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 2. 

Analyse des Expériences sur a Muscardine et les autres Maladies des 
Vers a Soie en 1849, par M. M. Guérin Ménéville et Eugéne Robert. 
Extrait Ann. Soc. Séric. 1849. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 

vou. y.—1861, b 


XVill CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Guerin (F. E.), Extrait des Matériaux recueillis a la Magnanerie expérimen- 
tale de Sainte-Tulle, pres Manosque, pendant la Campagne 
séricole de 1850, sur les Maladies des Vers a Soie et sur la 
recherche des moyens d’améliorer leurs races. Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1850. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 


Enumération des Insectes qui consomment les Tabacs. Extrait Rev. 
et Mag. Zool. 1850. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Rapport sur deux Mémoires de M. Guérin Ménéyille par M. Du- 
méril. Svo. Paris, 1851. 


Description du Genre Hypoconcha, nouveaux Crabes, faux Ber- 
nards l’Hermite, qui protégent leur corps avec la moitié d’une 
coquille bivalve. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 3. 

Note sur la Muscardine et sur les procédés a l'aide desquels la veuve 
Montserrat parvient a assainir les Magnaneries et a préserver les 
Vers a Soie de cette désastreuse maladie. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 
1856. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Et Rozsert (Eugene), Recherches sur la Muscardine faites a la 
Magnanerie de Sainte-Tulle. From Ann. Prov. d’Agric. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 2. 

Cocons André-Jean et Brouski. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1856. 

Tconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou Représentation 
d’aprés Nature de l’une des Espéces les plus remarquables et 
souvent non encore figurées de chaque Genre d’Animaux. Avec 
un Texte descriptif mis au courant de la Science. Ouvrage 


pouvant servir d’Atlas 4 tous les Traités de Zoologie. Insectes. 
2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1829—1844. 


Guyon (G.), A List of the British Species of Geodephaga, intended for marking 
Desiderata and labelling Collections; taken from Mr. Dawson’s 
Geodephaga Britannica. 8vo. Lond. 
GYLLENHAL (Leonard.), Insecta Suecica descripta a L.G. Classis 1, Coleop- 
tera sive Eleuterata. Tom. I. Pars I.—IV.: cum appendice ad 
partes priores. 8vo. Scaris et Lipsie, 1808—27, 
See SCHOENHERR (C, S.). 


Haan (W. de), Letter-press of the Crustacea of the Fauna Japonica. The pre- 
face only. 4to. Leiden. 


See LYONET (Pierre). 
Hacen (H.A.). See Serys-Lonecuamps (Edm. de). 
Synonyma Libellularum Europzarum. 8vo. Regim. Pruss. 


See Srvys-Lonccuamps (Edm. de), Monographie des Gomphines. 
8vo. Brux. et Leipzig. Paris, 1857. 
Ueber die Lebensweise der Termiten und ihre Verbreitung. Physik- 
Okon. Gesellsch. Konisberg, 1852. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7. 
Haun (D. Carl Wilh.), Die Arachniden. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet 
und beschreiben. Fortgesetzt von C. L. Koch. Band I.—XVI. 
8vo. Nurnberg, 1833—47. 
Hattstone (S), An Illustrated Description of a Species of Eurynome, sup- 


posed to be hitherto undescribed. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. 8. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Hatpeman (S.S.). See Meusuremmer (F. E.), The Coleoptera of the United 
States. 

Hauipay (A. H.), Hymenoptera Britannica. Fasc. 1, Oxyura; Fasc. altera, 
Alysia. Ent. Tracts, Vol. 8 Syo. Lond, 1889, 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, XIX 


Harris (Moses), An Exposition of English Insects. 4to. Lond. 1782. 
Another copy, in boards. 
L’Aurelien: ou Histoire Naturelle des Chenilles, Chrysalides, Pha- 


lenes et Papillons Anglois, &c. Text in French and English, 
Fol. Londres, 1794. 


Harris (Thaddeus William), Remarks upon the North American Insects 
belonging to the Genus Cychrus of Fabricius ; with Descriptions 
of some newly detected Species. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. 2. 


Remarks upon Scarabeeus Goliathus, and other African Beetles allied 
to it. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


Descriptive Catalogue of the North American Insects belonging to 
the Linnean Genus Sphinx. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts. Vol. 36. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


Upon the Economy of some American Species of Hispa. Boston Jour. 
Nat: Hast. - Voln tl: 

A Treatise on some of the Insects of New England. 8vo. Cam- 
bridge, U.S. 1842. 

A Treatise on some of the Insects of New England which are injurious 
to Vegetation. Second edition. Svo. Boston, 1852. 


Harris (Thaddeus Willis), Description of three Species of the Genus Cremas- 
tocheilus. 8vo. Philad. 1827. 


Remarks upon Scarabzeus Goliathus, and other African Beetles allied 
toit. 8vo. Cambridge, U.S. 1859. 


Hartia (Theodor), Die Familien der Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst einer 
allzemeinen Einleitung zur Naturgeschichte der Hymenopteren, 
von Dr. T. H. 8vo. Berlin, 1837. 


Hawortu (A. H.), Lepidoptera Britannica. S8vo. Lond. 1808. 


Heer (Oswatpus), Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica. Pars 1. Svo. Turici, 
1841. 


Hentz (N. M.), Descriptions and Figures of the Araneides of the United 
States. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. 4, arts. 6, 16 and 31; 
Vol. 5, arts. 12, 27 and 35 ; Vol. 6, arts. 2 and 15. 


Hexest (J. F. W.), Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse, 
nebst einer systematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen 
Arten. (Many plates wanting.) 38 Band. 4to. Berlin und 
Stralsund, 1790—1799. 


Herxtots (J. A.), Additamenta ad Faunam Carcinologicam Afric occi- 
dentalis. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1851. 


Herrin (J. Ch.), Mémoire sur divers Insectes nuisibles a I’ Agriculture, et plus 
particuliérement au Froment, au Seigle, a l’Orge et au Trefle. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 8vo. Paris, 1841. 
Herrick (E.C.) See Dana (J. D.) 
’ 


Heron (Dr.), Entwickelungsgeschichte der Schmetterlinge, anatomisch und 
physiologisch bearbeitet von Dr. H. (with 383 Kupf.) 4to, Cassel 
und Marburg. 1815. 

Hewitson (William C.), Exotic Butterflies, being Ilustrations of New Species ; 
selected chiefly from the Collections of W. Wilson Saunders and 
William C. Hewitson. Vol. 1 and Parts 21—37. 4to. Lond. 
1851—S8. 

Hexpen (C. H. G. von), Entomologische Beitrige, Mus. Senckenb. 1887. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 


Hocunvtu (H.) See Cuauporr (Le Baron de). 
Hoeven (J. Van de). See Transactions of Learned Societies (HAGur). 
b-2 


XX CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Houmoren (Aug. Emil.), Entomologiska Anteckningar under en Resa i Sodra 
Sverige ar 1854. A Tract. 8vo. Stockholm, 1855. 

Horr (F. W.), Observations on the Tortoise or Shield Beetles, commonly 
denominated Cassida by Linnzeus, with Characters of six new 
Genera. Ann. Nat. Hist. Vol. 8. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


Characters and Descriptions of several New Genera and Species of 
Coleopterous Insects. Trans. Zool. Soc. 1833. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 

On a new Arachnide, uniting the Genera Gonyleptes and Phalangium. 
(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Lond. 1834. 

The Coleopterist’s Manual :—Part I. containing the Lamellicorn In- 
sects of Linneus and Fabricius. Part II. containing the pre- 
daceous Land and Water Beetles of Linnzus and Fabricius. 
Part III. containing various Families, Genera and Species of 
Beetles recorded by Linnzus and Fabricius; also Descriptions 


of newly discovered and unpublished Insects. Svo. Lond. 
1837—1341. 


A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of W. F. H. Part 1. 
8vo. Lond. 1837. Misc. Ent. Pamph. 

On a New Species of Lamia from the Vicinity of the Swan River, New 
Holland. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1839. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 

Observations on the Lamellicornes of Olivier. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1839. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


Synopsis of the New Species of Nepaul Insects in the Collection of 
Major General Hardwicke. Gray’s Zool. Misc. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 5. 

Observations sur les Erotyles, avec la Description de plusieurs 
nouveaux Genres et de quelques Espéces inédites. Svo. Paris, 
1841. Misc. Ent. Pamph. 

On some New Insects from Western Africa, by the Rey. F. W. H.; 
with Remarks on the Goliath Beetles, by Mr. Savage. Ann. Mag. 
Nat. Hist. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


On some rare and beautiful Coleopterous Inseets from Silhet, chiefly 
in the Collection of Frederick John Parry. ‘Trans. Linn. Soe. 19. 

Descriptions of some new Insects collected in Assam by William 
Griffith, Esq. Trans. Linn. Soc. 18. Arts. 26 and 41. 


On some rare and beautiful Insects from Silhet, chiefly in the Collection 
of Frederick John Parry. Trans. Linn. Soc. 19. 


Catalogo dei Crostacei Italiani e di molti altri del Mediterraneo. 8vo. 
Napoli, 1851. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Descrizione di aleune Specie d’Insetti fossili. Ann. Acc. Aspir. Nat. 
1847. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Horsrietp (Thomas). See Macteay (William Sharp), Annulosa Javanica. 


HorsrieLtp (Thomas) and Moore (Frederic), A Catalogue of the Lepi- 
dopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East India Com- 
pany. 8vo. Vol. I. Lond. 1857. Vol. 11. Lond. 1858, 1859. 


Howsurp (John), Some Account of two cases of Inflammatory Tumour, pro- 
duced by the Deposit of the Larva of a large Fly (Cistrus 
Humanus) beneath the Cutis, in the Human Subject; accom- 
panied with drawings of the Larva. 8vo. Lond. 1833. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Huser (Francis), New Observations on the Natural History of Bees. Third 
edition. 8vo. Edinb. 1821. 


Hucer (Pierre), Mémoire pour servir a l’Histoire de la Chenille du Hamac, 
Tinea Harisella Linnei; Cicophore de Latreille. Mém. Soc. 


Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. Tom. VII. 1¢'e Partie. 4to. 
1835. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXx1 


Tluser (Pierre), Notice sur la Melipone domestique, Abeille domestique 
Mexicane. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. ‘Tom. 
VIII. ere Partie. 1838. 

Mémoire pour servir a |’ Histoire des Attelabes, Insectes voisins des 
Charansons. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Geneve. Tom. 
VITI> 2"- Parties: 1839: 

Mémoire sur quelques Insectes de Genre Ichneumon. Meém. Soc. 
Phys. et d’Hist. Nat.de Geneve. Tom. 1X. 1841—42. 

Mémoire ou Notice pour servir a |’Histoire d’une Mouche a Scie. 
Mem. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. Tom. IX. 1541—42. 

Mémoire pour servir a |’ Histoire de la Coccinelle de la Saponaire. 
Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Genéve. Tom. 1X. 1841—1842. 

Mémoire pour servir a l’Histoire des Psoques. Mém. Soc. Phys. et 
d’Hist. Nat. Genéve. Tom. X. 1843. 

Mémoire sur le Charanson Lozange (Cionus Scrophularie). Mém. 
Soc. Phy. et d’Hist. Nat. Geneve. Tom. X. 1845. 

Lettre sur les Araignées Aéronautes du Genre Lycose. Meém. Soc. 
Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. Tom. X. 1843. 

Mémoire pour servir a |’Histoire de quelques Cassides. Mém. Soc. 
Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Tom. XI. 1846. 

Notice sur une Particuliarité offerte par une Larve de Tenthreéde. 
Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Tom. XI. 1846. 


Hutsner (Jac.), Sammlung Europiaischer Schmetterlinge. 4to. Augsb+ 
1805—41. Und Raupe. Augsb. 1806—41. 
Huisu (Robt.), A Treatise on the Nature, Economy and Practical Manage- 
ment of Bees. Second edition. 8vo. Lond. 1817. 
The Cottager’s Manual for the Management of Bees. 8vo. Lond. 
1820. 
Second Edition (in a vol. of Tracts). 


Humporpr (Al. de) et BonpLanp (A.), Recueil d’Observations de Zoologie 
et d’Anatomie comparée. 2Tom. 4to. Paris, 1811. 


Humrusreys (H.N.) and Westwoop (J. O.), British Butterflies and their 
Transformations, arranged and illustrated in a Series of Plates 
by H. N. H., with Characters and Descriptions by J. O. West- 
wood. 4to. Lond. 1841. 

Hurron (Captain Thomas), Remarks on the Culture of Silk at Candahar. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. XI. Svo. Swansea, 1843. 

Notes on the Silkworms of India. From the Journal of the Agricul- 
tural and Horticultural Society of India. Vol. XI. No. 1. Svo. 
Calcutta, 1859. 

On the Cultivation of Silk at Mussooree, Himalaya Mountains: with 
Notes on the Treatment of the Silkworm. S8vo. Calcutta, 1860. 


J ACQUELIN-DU-VAL (Camille), Genera des Coléopteres d’Europe. Svo. Paris, 
1854. 
JEKEL (H.), Fabricia Entomologica. Pt. I. 8vo. Paris, 1854. 
See SAUNDERS (William Wilson). 
See SCHOENHERR (C. J.) 
Lettre adressée a M. Jacquelin du Val, par M. H. Jekel, sur le Bary- 
peithes rufipes. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1855. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 


JENYNs (Leonard), Report on the recent Progress and present State of Zoology. 
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 8vo. London, 
1834. 


A Manual of British Vertebrate Animals. Syo. Cambridge, 1835. 


XkH : CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


JeNyYNs (Leonard), Some Remarks on the Study of Zoology, and on the present 
State of the Science. Mag. Zool. and Bot. Vol. 1. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 10. 


Inuicrer (Karl), Magazin fur Insektenkunde. 6 Tomes (bound in 4). 8vo. 
1.—V. Neue Ausgabe, Braunschweig, 1822. WI. Stettin reprint. 
1856. 


Journal (Dusiin), The Natural History Review; a quarterly Journal of Science, 
including the Transactions of the Belf. Nat. Hist. and Phil. Soc., 
Cork Cuv. Soc., Dublin Nat. Hist. Soc., Dubl. Univ. Zool. Assoc. 
and the Lit. and Sci. Inst. of Kilkenny. Vols. 1—5. 8vo. Dublin, 
1854—58. 

On the title-page of No. 1 of Vol. 5 it appears the Review to be conducted 

by Messrs. Halliday, Harvey, Haughton and others. 

Journal (ERLANGEN), Magazin des Thierreichs. Erst. Band. 4to. Erlangen, 
1793. ; 


Journal (HALLE), Der Naturforscher. Stick 1—27. 8vo, Halle, 1774—93. 


Journal (Lonpon), The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, 
Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Meteorology. Conducted by 
J.C. Loudon, 8 Vols. 8yo. Lond. 1829—36. 
The Magazine of Natural History. New Series. Conducted by 
Edward Charlesworth, formerly by J. C. Loudon. 4 Vols. 8vo. 
Lond. 1837—40. 
The Entomological Magazine. 5 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1833—38. 


The Zoologist: a popular Miscellany of Natural History.” Conducted 
by Edward Newman. Vol. 1—16. 8vo. London, 1843—61. 

The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer. Edited by H. T. Stainton. 
Vols. 1—10. 8yo. London, 1856—61. 

The Substitute: or Entomological Exchange Facilitator and Entomo- 
logist’s Fire Side Companion. 1856—457. 8vo. London, 1857. 

The Zoological Journal. 5 Vols. 8vo. London, 1824—35, 


The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical. Parts 
1,2. 8vo. London, 1860. 


Journal (Paris), Archives Entomologiques, ou Recueil contenant des Illustra- 
tions d’Insectes nouveaux ou rares, par James Thomson. 2 Vols. 
8vo. Paris, 1857—58. 
Magazin de Zoologie, par F. Ed. Guérin-Ménéyville. Insectes. 1 Série. 
8vo. Paris, 18381—38. 
Revue et Magazin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, 1851—57. 8vo. 
Paris, 1851—57. 
Journal (StRAspourG), Revue Entomologique, publiée par Gustave Silbermann. 
Tom. 1—é. Imperfect. 8vo, Strasbourg, 1833—37. 
Journal (VienNA), Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. No.1. 8vo. Wien, 
1857. 
Journal (WasuineTon, U.S.), Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents. 
Agriculture for the Years 1848, 1853 and 1854, 8vo. Wash- 
ington, 1849—18565. 
Journal (Zuricu), Magazin fir die Liebhaber der Entomologie. Herausge- 
geben von Johann Caspar Fuessly. 2 Band. 8vo. Ziirich. 
1778—79. Neues Magazin. 2 Band. 8vo. Zurich. 1782—85. 
Incren (Abel), Instructions for collecting, rearing, and preserving British and 
Foreign Insects ; also for collecting and preserving Crustacea and 
Shells. 12mo. Lond. 1827. Second Edition. 12mo. Lond. 1839. 
Another copy. 


Insect. Insect Miscellanies. (The Library of Entertaining Knowledge.) 
Architecture.—Transformations. 5 Vols. 12mo. Lond. 1830-38. 


Insect Hunters; or, Entomology in Verse. 12mo. Lond. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXlll 
a 


Insecta Britannica. Diptera. Vols, 1—8. By Francis Walker. 8vo. Lond. 
1851-56. 


Lepidoptera: Tineina. By H. 7. Stainton. 8vo. Lond. 1854. 


Isaac (J.), The General Apiarian, wherein a simple, humane and advantageous 
Method of obtaining the Produce of Bees without destroying them. 
In a Volume of Tracts. 8vo. Exeter, 1799. 


JurRtNnE (L.), Nouvelle Méthode de classer les Hyménopteres et les Dipteéres 
Tom.1. Hyménopteres. 4to, Geneve, 1807. 


Kaurenbacu (J. H.), Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten, 
oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands, 
Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde.  Erster 
Theil, Ent. Tracts, Vol. 2. 


Ibid. Zweiter Theil. 


Karscu (——), Zur Flora Westphaliens. Verh. d. n, Ver. XIII. Jahrg. 4to. 
Munster, 1856. 


Keys (John), A Treatise on the Breeding and Management of Bees. A new 
edition, in two parts. Ina Volume of Tracts. 8yvo. Lond. 1814. 


KirsenwertTer (H. Von), Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Vol. 
IV., Parts 1,2&3. S8vo. Berlin, 1857-60. 


Kinauan (John Robert), Remarks on the Habits and Distribution of Marine 
Crustacea on the eastern shores of Port Philip, Victoria, Aus- 
tralia; with descriptions of undescribed Species and Genera. 
Jour. Roy. Dubl. Soc. 1856, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Kirsy (William), Monographia Apum Anglie, &c. &c. 2 Vols. 8vo. Ips-= 
wich, 1802 


Another copy, bound. 
Another copy. 


Museum Entomologicum Barhamense. Pars prima sistens pracipue 
Exotica. In M.S. Incept. Jun. 1, 1813. 


Museum Entomologicum Barhamense. Pars prima sistens insecta 
M. Britannie indigenz. Classis prima. Coleoptera, Linn. Eleu- 
terata, Fab. In M.S. n.d. 


See RicHarpson (John), Fauna Boreali Americana. The Insects. 


Bridgewater Treatise on the Power, Wisdom and Goodness of God 
as manifested in the Creation of Animals and in their History, 
Habits and Instincts. 2 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1835. 


Kirsy (William) and Spence (William), An Introduction to Entomology, or 
Elements of the Natural History of Insects; with plates. Fourth 
edition. 4 Vols. Svo. Lond. 1822-26. Fifth edition. 4 Vols. 
8vo. Lond. 1828. 


An Introduction to Entomology; or, Elements of the Natural History 
of Insects; comprising an account of noxious and useful insects, 
of their metamorphoses, food, stratagems, habitations, societies, 
motions, noises, hybernations, instinct, &c., &c.; with plates. 
Sixth edition, corrected and considerably enlarged. 2 Vols. 8vo. 
Lond. 1843. 


Kuve (F.), Bericht tiber eine auf Madagascar veranstaltete Sammlung von 
Insecten aus der Ordnung Coleoptera. Konigl. Akad. Wissens. 
1832. 4to. Berlin, 1833. 


Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die 
Sammlung im Konig] Museum zu Berlin, Band I, 8yo. Berlin; 
1834. 


XX1V CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


© 


Kuve (F'r.), Neue Schmetterlinge der Insekten-Sammlung des Konigl. Zoolo- 
gischen Musei. 4to. Berlin, 1836. 


Kocu (C. L.), Uebersicht des Arachnidensystems. 5 Heften in 11 Parts. 8vo. 
Nurnberg, 1837—1851. 
Die Arachniden. See Haun. 
Kocu (Gabriel), Die Geographische Verbreitung der europilischen Schmetter- 
linge in anderen Welttheilen. S8vo. Leipzig, 1854. 
Korenati (F. R.), Genera et Species Trichopterorum. Pars prior. Hetero- 
palpoidea. 4to. Prage, 1848. 
Fine neue osterreichische Phryganea. Zool.-botan. Vereins in Wien, 
1856. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7. 


Eine neue mahrische Nycteribia. Zool.-Botan. Vereins in Wien, 
1856. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Koxiar (Vincenz) und ReprensBacher (Ludwig), Ueber den Charakter der 
Insecten-Fauna von Sud-Persien. 1 Band. Denks. Math. Naturw. 
Cl. Kais. Akad. Wien. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Wien, 1849. 
Naturgeschichte der schadlichen Insecten in Beziehung auf Land- 
wirthschaft und Forstculturs. Auf Veranlatf. der K. K. Landw.- 
Gesellsch. in Wien. Neue Folge, Funfter Band. 8vo. Wien, 
1837. 


Beitriige zur Kenntniss des Haushaltes und der geographischen Ver- 
breitung einiger in Okonomischer und technischer Hinsicht wich- 
tigen Insecten. Sitzungsb. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, 1849. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7. 

Ueber einen bisher noch nicht beobachteten Feind des Weinstockes. 
From Sitzungsb. Math. Naturw. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, 1850. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 


Ueber Weinbeschidigung durch einen kleinen Nachtfalter, Tortrix 
Roserana, Frohl., in den Weingiirten von Bruny nachst Modling. 
Sitzungsb. Kaiserl. Akad. Wissens. 1850. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte eines neuen, blattlausartigen In- 
sectes: Acanthochermes Quercus. Sitzungsb. Kais. Akad. Wis- 
sensch. Wien. 38 Heft. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 
Konica (C.), Directions for collecting Specimens of Geology and Mineralogy 
for the British Museum. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 
Koninck (L. de), Mémoire sur les Crustacés fossiles de Belgique. Nouv. 
Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. de Bruxelles, t. XIV. 


Kraatz (G.), Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, Vol. II. S8vo. 
Berlin, 1858. 


LasouLsBENE (Alexandre), Recherches sur |’Anatomie du Buprestes gigantea. 
Extrait des Archives Entomologiques. 8yo. Paris, 1858. 


Lacumunp (J. F.). See Revi (F.). 


Lacorpaire (Th.), Monographie des Erotyliens, Famille de l’Ordre des 
Coléopteres. 8yo. Paris, 1842. 


Réyision de la Famille des Cicindélides de l’Ordre des Coléopteres. 
Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. de Liége, 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 


Monographie des Coléoptéres subpentameres de Ja Famille des Phyto- 
phages. 2 Tom. 8vo. Bruxelles et Leipzig. Paris, 1845—1848. 
Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. de Liége. Tom. 4et 5. Liége, 1845-8. 

Genera des Coléoptéres. Tom. I.—V. 8vo. Paris, 1854—1859. 


Laporte (F. de) et Bruit (Aug.), Notice sur un nouveau Genre de la 
Famille des Charansons de la Division des Cryptorhynchides. 
Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. de Paris. Tom. LY. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 
Ato. Paris, 1827. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV 


Laporte (F.), Description du Genre Doryphora. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1830. 
int. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


(De, Comte de Castelneau), Notice sur un nouveau Genre de |’ Ordre 
des Homopteres. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1832. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 6. 


Mémoire sur quelques nouveaux Genres de Ordre des Homopteéres. 
Ann. Sci. Ent. de France, 1832. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Mémoire sur cinquante Espéces nouvelles ou peu connues d’Insectes. 
Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1832. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 

Description du Genre Paussus. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol.3. 


Description du Genre Callicnemis. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 3. 

Description du Genre Stenocheila. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 3. 

Essai d’une Revision du Genre Lampyre. Ann. Soc. Ent, de France, 
1832. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 

Description du Genre Trochalus. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1852. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 3. 

Etudes entomologiques, ou Description d’Insectes nouveaux et Ob- 


servations sur leur Synonymie. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 8vo. 
Paris, 1854. 


Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coléopteres, avec une Introduction 
par M. Brullé. 2'Tomes. 8vo. Paris, 1840. 


Larorve (F. de) et Brutus (Aug.), Monographie du Genre Diaperis. From 
Ann. Sci. Nat. Tom. XXIII. 1828. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 


Le Conte (J. L.) See MELsHEImMeER (F. E.), Coleoptera of the United States. 


LATREILLE (P. A.), Histoire naturelle des Fourmis, ct Recueil de Mémoires et 
d’ Observations sur les Abeilles, les Araignées, les Faucheurs, et 
autre Insectes. Svo. Paris, 1802. 
Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére des Crustacés et des In- 
sectes. Sonini edit. Tom. I1—VI. 8vo. Paris, An X.—XI. 
(1802—1803). 


Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. 4 Tom. 8vo. Paris, 1806— 
1809. 


Another copy. 


Considerations générales sur l’Ordre naturel des Animaux composant 
les Classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides, et des Insectes. S8vo. 
Paris, 1810. 


Lracu (William Elford), On the Classification of the Natural Tribe of Insects 
Notonectides, with Descriptions of the British Species. (Trans. 
Linn. Soc. XII.) 


Lecontr (John L.), An Attempt to classify the Longicorn Coleoptera of the 
part of America North of Mexico. Part I. containing the Ce- 
rambycit. From Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. U.S. 4to. Ent. 
Tracts, 4to. 


A descriptive Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera inhabiting 
the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, Ann. Lyc, New 
York, 1846. 

Monograph of the Species of Pasimachus inhabiting the United States ; 


with Descriptions of two new Genera belonging to the Family 
Carabica. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 1846. 


On the Pselaphide of the United States. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 
Vol. VI. 1848. Ent. Tracts. Vol. IV. 


XXV1 CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Leconte (John L.), Synopsis of the Cleride of the United States. Ann, 
Lyc. Nat. Hist. 1849. 


Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera from California. Ann, Lyc. 
Nat. Hist. Vol. 5, 1851. 


A Monography of the North American Histeroides. Bost. Jour. Nat. 
Hist. Vol. V. 


Descriptions of some new and interesting Insects inhabiting the 
United States. Bost. Jour. Nat. Vol. V. 


Leprrer (J.), Versuch die europiischen Spanner in moglichst naturliche 
Reihenfolge zu stellen. 8vo. Wien, 18538. 


LreEuwENHOEK (Antony Van), Arcana Nature. 4to. Delphis Batavorum, 
1795. 


Arcana Nature. Editio altera. 4to. Lugduni Batavorum, 1796. 


Epistole ad Societatem Regiam Anglicam, et alios illustres viros, seu 
Continuatio mirandorum Arcanorum Nature detectorum, qua- 
draginta Epistolis contentorum, que ex Belgica in Latinam 
Linguam translate sunt, cum figuris eneis, et Indicibus locuple- 
tissimis. 4to. Lugduni Batavorum, 1719. 


Another copy. 


The Select Works ; containing his Microscopical Discoveries in many 
of the Works of Nature, translated from the Dutch and Latin 
Editions -published by the Author, by Samuel Hoole. Vol. 2. 
part 8. 4to. Lond. 1807. 


Leresyre (Al.), Description d’un Coléoptere nouveau: Leptura, Linné. Silb. 
Rey. Ent. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


Lettre de Mal. Lefebvre a M. Audinet Serville, sur le Canopus obtectus 
de Fabricius. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Communication verbale sur la Ptérologie des Lépidopteres. Ann. 
Soc. Ent. 1842. Rey. Zool. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


LEQuiEn ( ), Gauvres Entomologiques de Eschscholtz. Tom. 1¢7, Entomo- 


graphien. Berlin, 1822. 8vo. Paris, 1855. 


Leucxuart (Rud.), Ueber die Micropyle und den feinern Bau der Schalenhaut 
bei den Insekteneiern. Svo. Giessen, 1855. 


Leyerr (John), The Ordering of Bees: or the true History of managing them 
from time to time, with their honey and wax, shewing their nature 
and breed. As also what Trees, Plants, and Hearbs are good for 
them, and namely what are liurtfull: together with the extra- 
ordinary profit arising from them. Set forth in a dialogue, 
resolving all doubts whatsoever. 4to. Lond. 1634. 


Lewin (John William), The Insects of Great Britain, systematically arranged, 
accurately engraved, and painted from Nature, with the Natural 
History of each Species, &c. Vol. 1. 4to. Lond. 1792. 


Prodromus of Entomology. Natural History of Lepidopterous Insects 
of New South Wales. 4to. Lond. 1805. 


Lientc (F.), Lepidopterologische Fauna yon Liefland und Curland, bearbeitet 
von F, L. mit Anmerkungen von P. C. Zeller. Okens Isis, 1846 
(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Leipsig, 1846. 


Liyne (Charles Von), Ameenitates Academice. Tom.1—8, 8vo. Lugduni 
Batavorum, 1749—1790, et Erlange. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXVii 


LrinnE (Charles von), Fauna Svecica. 8vo. Lugd. Batay. 1746. 
Editio altera. 8vo. Stockholmie, 1761. 
Museum Ludovic Ulrice Regine, ete. Svo. Holmia, 1764. 
Another copy, with a portrait of Linné. 


Systema Nature. Editio Duodecima Reformata. 3Tom, Svo, Holmiz, 
1766—67. 


Caroli Linnei Entomologia faune Suecice descriptionibus aucta ; 
curante et augente Carolo de Villers. 4 Tom. 8vo. Lugduni, 
1789. 


A General System of Entomology; systematically divided into its 
several Classes, Orders, Genera, Species and Varieties, &c., &c. 
Translated from Gmelin, Fabricius, Willdenow, &c.; together 
with various modern arrangements and corrections, &c., &c. By 
William Turton. 2 Vols. 8yo. Lond. 1806. 


LisTeR (Martin). See Gorpart (J.). 

See Ray (John). 
Lorrinet (F.), Traité de l’Education des Abeilles. S8yo. Paris, 1815. 
Loupon (J. C.). See Journal. 


Lusgsock (John), Description of a new Genus of Calanide. Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist. 1853. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


On two new Sub-genera of Calanide. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 
1853. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


On two new Species of Calanide, with Observations on the spermatic 
Tubes of Pontella, Diaptomus, &c. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 
1853. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


On some Arctic Species of Calanide. Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist. 
1854. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


Description of eight new Species of Entomostraca found at Wey- 
mouth. Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist.1857. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


@n the Arrangement of the Cutaneous Muscles of the Larva of 
Pygera bucephala. Trans. Lin. Soc. 1858. Vol. XXII. 


On the digestive and nervous Systems of Coccus hesperidum. Proc. 
Roy. Soc. 1858. 


-On some oceanic Entomostraca collected by Captain Toynbee. From 
the Transactions of the Linnean Society. Vol. XXIIT. 


Lucas (H.), Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Myria- 
podes, 8yo. Paris, 1840. 


Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l’ Expédition dans les 
parties centrales de l’Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a 
Lima, et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement 
Frangais pendant les Années 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du 
Comte Fr. de Castelneau. Ouvrage quia obtenu un Médaille 
hors ligne de la Société de Géographie. Entomologie par M. H. 
Lucas, Aide-naturaliste au Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Ato. 
Paris, 1857. 
Lucas (H.), Arachnides des Isles Canaries. Barker, Webb and Berttelot’s 
Voy. 
LupoLruus (——), Dissertatio de Locustis, cum diatriba qua sententia autoris 


nova de Selavis sive Locustis cibo Israelitarum in deserto, defen- 
ditur. Fol. Francoforti ad Menum, 1594. 


Lyonet (Pierre), Traité anatomique de la Chenille, qui ronge le bois de Saule, 
augmenté d’un explication abregée des planches, &c., &c. to. 
La Haye, 1762. 


XXVIli CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Lyonet (Pierre), Recherches sur Anatomie et les Métamorphoses de dif- 
férentes Espéces d’ Insectes, ouvrage posthume de P. Lyonet publié 
par M. W. de Haan, accompagnées de 54 Planches. 4to. Paris, 
1832. 


Two other copies. 


Mac-Leay (W.S.), Exposition de l’Anatomie comparée du Thorax dans les 
Insectes ailés, suivi d’une revue de ]’état actuel de Ja nomen- 
clature de cette partie. Ann. Sci. Nat. Tom. XXV. Ent. Tracts, 
Vol. 3. 


Macreay (William Sharp), Annulosa Javanica, 4to. Lond. 1825. 
No. 1 of another copy. 


Macausrt (J.), Description d’un nouveau Genre d'Insectes Diptéres de la 
Famille des Notacanthes. Mém. Soc. Roy, Sci. Agric. Arts de 
Lille, 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Note sur l’Apparition du Sphinx du Laurier-rose en 1855. Mém. 
Soc. Roy. Sci. Agric. Arts de Lille, 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Description d’un nouveau Genre d’Insectes dipteres de la Famille 
des Créophiles, Tribu des Tachinaires. Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. 
Agric. Arts de Lille, 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 

Dipteres Exotiques nouveaux ou peuconnus. 2 Tomes. 8yo. Paris, 
1838—1840. 

Ir, 2e, 8e Supplements. Svo. Paris, 184—. Extrait des Mém. Soc. 
Roy. Sci. Agric. Arts de Lille. Ist and 3rd Supp. wanting. 


MANNERHEIM (C. G. de), Notice Biographique sur C. J. Schonherr. 8vo. 
Moscou. 


Mémoire sur un Genre nouveau de Coléoptéres du Mozambique. $Svo. 
Moscou. 


Enumération des Buprestides, et Description de quelques nouvelles 
Espéces de cette Tribu de la Famille des Sternoxes, de la Collec- 
tion de M. le Comte M. Svyo. Moscoun. 


Méipire sur quelques Genres et Espéces de Carabiques, premiere 
partie. 8vo. Moscou, 1837. 


Description d’une nouvelle Espéce du Genre Physodactylus. Acte 
Soc. Sci. Fennice. Tome [. 4to. Moscou, 1840. 


Observations relatives aux Sexes des Coléoptéres Hydrocanthares en 
général, et spécialement de l’Hydaticus verrucifer. Act. Soc. 
Sci. Fenn. Tom. I. (Ens. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Helsingforsiz, 
1841. 


Mémoire sur la Récolte d’Insectes Coléopteres, faite en 1842. 8vo. 
Moscou, 1843. 

De quelques autres nouvelles Espéces de Coléopteres de Finlande. 
8vo. Moscou, 18438. 

Description de quelques nouvelles Espéces de Coléoptéres de Finlande. 
Svo. Moscou, 1844. 

Mémoire sur la Récolte d’Insectes Coléopteéres, faite en 1843. 8vo. 
Moscou, 1844. 

Beitrag zur Kaefer-Fauna der Aleutischen Inseln, der Insel Sitkha 
und Neu-Californiens. Nachtrag zur Kaefer-Fauna der Aleu- 
tischen Inseln, etc. Svo. Moscou, 1843—1846. 


Revue Critique de quelques Ouvrages recemment parus. Bull. Soc 
Imp. Nat. de Mose. 1845. Ent. Tracts: Vol. 10. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, XXIX 


Manneruerm (C. G. de), Revue Critique de quelques Ouvrages récents de 

M. Victor de Motschoulsky. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. de Mosc. 
Tom. XIX. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. S8vo. Moscou, 1845. 

Notice sur la C. D. Collection de Coléoptéres de M. le Comte Dejean. 
Svo. Moscou. 

Observations critiques sur quelques Ouvrages Entomologiques. $vo. 
Moscou. 

Insectes Coléoptéres de la Sibérie Orientale, nouveaux ou peu connus, 
décrits par M. le Comte M. 8vo. Moscou. 


Marcy (R. B.), Natural History of the Red River of Louisiana. Reprinted 
from the Report of Capt. R. B. Marcy. S8vo. Washington, 1843. 


Martius (C. Fr. Ph.), Die Kartoffel-Epidemie der letzten Jahre, oder die 
Stocksdule und Riande der Kartoffeln. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to, 
Munchen, 1842. 


Martyn (Thomas), British Spiders (an imperfect work). 4to. 


Meape (R. H.), Monograph on the British Species of Phalangiide or Harvest- 
men. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1855. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1. 


Meicen (Johann Wilhelm), Systematische Beschreibung der Bekannten 
Evropiischen zweiflugeligen Insecten. Theil 1—7. 8vo. Aachen, 
1818—1838. Last 4 parts published at Hamm. 


MELSHEIMER (Friedrich Ernst), Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of the 
United States. By F. E. Melsheimer, revised by S. S. Halde- 
man and J. L. Le Conte. 8vo. Washington, 1853. 


MENETRIES (E.), Catalogue raisonné des Objects de Zoologie recueillis dans 
un Voyage au Caucase et jusqu’aux Frontieres actuelles de la 
Perse, entrepris par l’Ordre de S. M. l’Empereur. 4to. St. 
Petersbourg, 1832. 
Catalogue d’Insectes recueillis entre Constantinople et le Balkan. 
Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. VI. Ser. Tom. V. (Ent. 
Tracts. 4to.) 4to. St. Petersb. 1838. 


Essai d’une Monographie du Genre Anacolus. Mém. Acad. Imp. 
Sci. St. Petersb. VI.Ser. Tom. VY. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. 
St. Petersbourg, 1839. 


Sur un nouveau Genre de Lépidoptére nocturne de la Russie. Bull. 
Mose. 1841. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


Catalogue des Insectes recueillis par feu M. Lehmann, avec les De- 
scription des nouvelles Espéces. Part I. Mém. Sci. Nat. 


Tom. VI. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. 
St. Petersbourg, 1847. 


Mertan (Marie Sybille), Dissertation sur la Génération et les Transformation 
des Insectes de Surinam, etc. Text in Latin and French. Fol. 

La Haye, 1726. 
Kritische Bemerkungen uber M.S. Merian Metamorphoses Insect- 


orum Surinamensium. Abh. Nat. Ges. zu Halle, 3r. Band. 
Ent. Tracts. 4to. 


Mrewzinsky (Le Comte Ignace), Mémoire sur une Larve qui dévore les Helix 
nemoralis, et sur ]’Insecte auquel elle donne naissance. Mém. 
Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Geneve. 4to. Tom. II. 2e Part. 
1824. 


Mitter et Rosinet, Education de Vers a Soie, faite, en 1838, a la Mag- 
nanerie-modeéle départementale de Poitiers. Ann. de |’Agric. 
France. Ent.Tracts. Vol.11. 8vo. Paris, 1838. 


Mitts (John), Essay on the Management of Bees (in a vol. of Tracts from 
Hope). 8vo. Lond. 1766, 


XXX CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Mitne-Epwarps (H.), Rapport sur une Mémoire de Messieurs Guérin- 
Ménéville et Perrottet, relatif aux Ravages que font, dans les 
Cafeieries des Antilles, une race d’Insectes Lépidoptéres et une 
Espéce de Champignons. Commissaires, MM. Milne-Edwards, 
De Gasparin, Duméril. Ent. Tracts. 8vo. Paris. 

See CuVIER et DUMERIL. 

Observations sur les Changemens de Forme que divers Crustacés 
éprouvent dans le jeune age. Acad. des Sci. 1883. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 15. 

Recherches sur le Mécanisme de la Respiration chez les Crustacés, 
Acad. des Sci. 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 

Mémoire sur Ja Distribution Géographique des Crustacés. Acad. des 
Sci. 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 


MocauErys ( ), Recueil de Coléoptéres anormaux. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 
8vo. Rouen. 


Moone (Frederic). See HorsrreLp (Thomas). 


Descriptions of some New Species of Lepidopterous Insects from 
Northern India. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


A Monograph of the Asiatic Species of Neptis and Athyma, two 
Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Nymph- 
alida. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


Descriptions of some Asiatic Lepidopterous Insects belonging to the 
Tribe Bombyces. From the Proceedings of the Zoological 
Society of London, May 10, 1859. 

Synopsis of the known Asiatic Species of Silk-producing Moths, with 
Descriptions of some New Species from India. From the Pro- 
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London, June 28, 1859. 


Morscuutsky (Victor), Die Coleopterologischen Verhaeltnisse und die Kifer 
Russlands. 8vo. Moscau, 1846. 


Movuret (Thomas), Insectorum sive minimorum Animalium Theatrum olim 
ab Ed. Wottono, C. Gesnero Thomaque Pennio inchoatum Tho. 
Moufet Londinatis opera sumptibusque; maximis concinnatum 
auctum, perfectum. Fol. Lond. 1634. Two copies. 

Mutsant (E.), Note pour servir 4 ]’Histoire de lAkis punctata. Ann. Soc. 
Linn. de Lyon, 1844. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 

Note pour servir a |’ Histoire des Donacies. Ann. Soc. Linn. de Lyon, 
1846. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 

Description d’une nouvelle Espéce de Coléopteére securipalpe. Soe. 
Linn. de Lyon, 1847. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 

Description d’un Coléoptére nouveau de la Tribu des Longicornes. 
Acad. Sci. Lyon, 1849. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 

Opuscules Entomologiques. Cahier 2—4. (No. 1 wanting.) 8vo. 
Paris, 1853. 

Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres de France; Longicornes ; Lamel- 
licornes; Palpicornes; Sulcicolles; Sécuripalpes; Latigenes; 
Pectinipedes ; Barbipalpes ; Longipeédes ; Latipennes; Vesicants. 
8 Vols. 8yvo. Paris, 1889—1857. 

Mutsant (E.) and Rey (Cl.), Description d’une Espéce nouvelle d’Ochthe- 
bius. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1849. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4, 

Muusant (E.) and Wacnanru (A.), Notes pour servir a I’Histoire du Cyr- 
tonus rotundatus. Acad. Sci. Belles Lett. et Arts de Lyon, 1849. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 

Murray (Andrew), Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland. 8vo. Lond. 1853. 

Monograph of the Genus Catops. Svo. Lond. 1856, 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xxxl 


Museum (Britis), List of the Specimens of Myriapoda in the Collection of 
the British Museum. 12mo. Lond. 1844. 


List of the Specimens of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of 
the British Museum. Part I. Chalcidites. 12mo. London, 1846. 
Part II. Chalcidites, additional Species. 12mo. London, 1848. 


Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the 
British Museum, Part III. Buprestidae. 12mo. London, 1848. 
Part IV. Cleride. 12mo. London, 1849. Part VI. Passalide. 
12mo. London, 1852. 


List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Part I. 12mo, 
Lond. 1848. Parts II., III., 1V. 12mo. Lond. 1849. Parts V., 
VI. (Supplements 1 and 2). 12mo. Lond. 1854. Part VII. (Sup- 
plement 3). 12mo. Lond. 1855. 


List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the 
British Museum. Part V. Lepidoptera. By James Francis 
Stephens, I'.L.S., P.E.S. 12mo. Lond. 1850. Ditto; Second 
Edition. Revised by H. T. Stainton and Edwin Shepherd. 12mo. 
Lond. 1856. Part VI. Hymenoptera Aculeata. By Frederick 
Smith. 12mo. Lond. 1851. Part X. Lepidoptera (continued), 
By James Francis Stephens, F.L.S. 12mo. Lond. 1852. Part XI. 
Anoplura, or Parasitic Insects. 12mo. Lond. 1852. Part XII. 
Lepidoptera (continued). By-James Francis Stephens, F.L.S. 
12mo. Lond. 1852. Part XITI. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. 
12mo. Lond. 1853. Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. 
12mo. Lond. 1858. Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, I. 12mo. 
Lond. 1853. Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. 
Stainton. 12mo. Lond. 1854. Part XVII. Nomenclator of Ano- 
plura, Euplexoptera and Orthoptera. 12mo. Lond. 1845. 


List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Part J.-—IV. 
and Supplement, 12mo. Lond. 1850-58. 


List of the Specimens of the Hemipterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By W.S. Dallas, F.L.S. Parts I. and 
II. 12mo. London, 1851-2. 


List of the Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part I. Cucujide, ete. 12mo. London, 1851. 


Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part I. Papilionide. 4to. London, 1852. 


Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. Part I. Andrenidz and 
Apide. 12mo. London, 1853. Part II. Apidae. 12mo. London, 
1854. Part III. Mutillidee and Pompilide. 12mo. London, 1855. 
Part IV. Sphegide, Larride and Crabronide. 12mo. London, 
1856. Part V. Vespide. 12mo. London, 1857. Part VI. For- 
micide. 12mo. London, 1858. VII. Dorylide and Thynnide. 
12mo, London, 1859. 


Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British Museum. 
Part I. Cheilostomata (Part). 12mo. London, 1852. Part II. 
Cheilostomata (Part). 12mo. London, 1854. 


Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Part I. 
Phryganides—Perlides. 12mo. London, 1852. Part II. Sialidae— 
Nemopterides. 12mo. London, 1853. Part III. Termitide— 
Ephemeride. 12mo. London, 1853, Part IY. Odonata, 12mo. 
London, 1853. : 


XXXil CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Museum (Brivis), Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of 
the British Museum. Part VII. Longicornia, I. 12mo. London, 
1853. Part VIII. Longicornia, Il. By Adam White. 12mo. 
London, 1855. Part IX. Cassidide. By Charles H. Boheman, 
Professor of Natural History, Stockholm. 12mo. London, 1856. 


List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Parts 1.—VII. 
Lepidoptera Heterocera. 12mo. London, 1854—56. Part VIII. 
Sphingide. 12mo. London, 1856. Parts IX.—XV. Noctuide. 
12mo. London, 1856—58. Part XVI. Deltoides. 12mo. London, 
1858. Parts XVII.—XIX. Pyralides. 12mo. London, 1859. 
Parts XX.—XXII. Geometrides. 12mo. London, 1860. 


List of British Curculionidae, with Synonyma. By John Walton, 
F.L.S., ete. 12mo. London, 1856, 


Catalogue of British Ichneumonide in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By T. Desvignes. 12mo. London, 1856. 


Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston. 8vo. London, 
1857. 

Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidae and Vespide 
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith, 
V.P.E.S. 8yvo. London, 1858. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By Dr. Hagen. Part I. Termitina. 
12mo. London, 1858. 


Catalogue of Hispide in the Museum Collection. By J.S. Baly. 8vo. 
London, 1859. 
List of British Diatomacee in the Collection of the British Museum. 
By the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.S., ete. 12mo. London, 1859. 
Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part I. Phasmide. By John Obadiah Westwood, 
F.L.S., M.E.S., etc. 4to. London, 1859. 

Monograph of Halticidee in the Collection of the British Museum. 
By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and Aidi- 
podes. Part I. 8vo. London, 1860. 


Museum (East Inpia Company), A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in 
the Collection of the E. I. C. By Thomas Horsfield and Frederic 
Moore. Vol. I. Papiliones—Sphinges. S8vo. London, 1857. 
Vol. II. Bombyces. 8vo. London, 1858—69. 


Nees AB Esenseck (C. D.), Hymenopterorum ichneumonibus affinium Mono- 
eraphiz, genera Europxa et species illustrantes. Svo. Stutt- 
gartie et Tubinge, 1834. 
Necri (Pietro). See PAsserrni (Carlo). 
NewMan (Edward) See Journal, Tue Zoo.ocisr. 
Sphinx vespiformis: An Essay by E.N. Svo. Lond. 1832. 
A Paper on the Nomenclature of the Parts of the Head of Insects, 
Read before the Entomological Society of London, Dec. 18338, 
and published, with explanatory plates, in the Entomological 
Magazine. 8vo. Lond. 1834. 
The Grammar of Entomology. 12mo. Lond. 1836. 
The Entomologist: conducted by E. N. Svo. Lond. 1840—2. 
A familiar Introduction to the History of Insects; being a new and 


greatly improved edition of the Grammar of Entomology. 8vo. 
Lond. 1841. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXil 


NeEwMAN (Edward), The System of Nature: An Essay, by E. N. Second 
edition. Svo. Lond, 1843. 


Newrorr (G.), On the Respiration of Insects. Phil. Trans. 1836. Ent. 
Tracts. 4to. 
On the Temperature of Insects, and its Connexion with the Functions 
of Respiration and Circulation in this Class of invertebrated 
Animals. Phil. Trans. 1837. Ent. Tracts. 4to. 


Observations on the Anatomy, Habits and Economy of Athalia Centi- 
folie, the Saw-fly of the Turnip, and on the means which have 
been adopted for the prevention of its ravages. The Prize Essay 
of the Ent. Soc. and Agric. Assoc. of Saffron Walden for the year 
1837. Ent. Tracts. Vols.8 and 12. 8vo. Lond. 1838. 


Insecta. Todd, Cyclop. Anat.und Phys. 8vo. Lond. 1839. 


On the Structure, Relations and Developement of the Nervous and 
Circulatory Systems, and on the Existence of a complete Circula- 
tion of the Blood in Vessels in Myriapoda and Macrourous 
Arachnida. First series, Phil. Trans. 1845. 


On the Reproduction of lost parts in Myriapoda and Insecta. Phil. 
Trans. 1844. 


Monograph of the Class Myriapoda, Order Chilopoda; with Observa- 
tions on the General Arrangement of the Articulata. Trans. Lin. 
Soc. XIX.; Arts. XXVI., and XXVIII. 


On the Formation and Use of the Air-sacs and dilated Trachez in 
Insects. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. 


On the Anatomy and Affinities of Pteronarcys regalis, Newm. ; with a 
postscript, containing Descriptions of some Anierican Perlide, to- 
gether with notes on their habits. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. 


The Natural History, Anatomy and Developement of Meloé, more 
especially of Melo¢ cicatricosus, Leach. Trans. Linn, Soc. XX. 
and XXI. 


Further Observations on the Genus Anthophorabia. Trans. Linn. 
Soc. XXI. 


The Anatomy and Developement of certain Chalcidide and Ichneu- 
monide, &c. ‘Trans. Linn. Soc. XXL, Arts. VIII. and X. 


Further Observations on the Habits of Monodontomerus ; with some 
account of a new Acarus (Heferopus ventricosus), a Parasite in the 
nests of Anthrophora retusa. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. 


On the Ocelli in the Genus Anthophorabia. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXT. 


See Museum (Britisu), List of the Specimens of Myriapoda in the 
Collection of the British Museum. 


Nretner (John), Entomological Papers; being Descriptions of new Ceylon 
Coleoptera. Nos. 1—4. 8vo. Columbo, 1856. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 4. 


Norpman (Alexander), Symbola ad Monographiam Staphylinorum.  4to. 
Petropoli, 1837. 


Nouveau Guide de l’Amateur d’Insectes, comprenant les généralités sur leur 
division en ordres. indication des ustensiles et les meilleurs 
procédés pour leur faire la chasse, les époques et les conditions 
les plus favorables & cette chasse. La manieére de les préparer 
et de les conservir en Collections. Par plusieurs Membres de la 
Société Entomologique de France. 12mo. Paris, 1859. 


Nurr (Thomas), Humanity to Honey-Bees, or practical Directions for the 
Management of Honey-Bees. Second edition. 8vo, Wisbeach, 
1834, 


VoL. v.—1861. (e 


XXXIV CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


NyYLANDER (William), Synopsis des Formicides de France et d’Algérie. Ann. 
Sci. Nat. 4€ série. ‘Tom. V. Paris, 1856. 
Genus Familiz Apidarum Heriades, quod Synopsi Monographica 
exponit. Mem. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. de Cherbourg. Tom. IY. 
Ent. Tract. Vol.8. 8vo. ——, 1856. 


NysteEn (P. H.), Recherches sur les Maladies des Vers 4 Soie. 8vo. Paris, 
1806. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11. 


OctsENHEIMER (Ferdinand), Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. 5 Band. Svo. 
Leipsig, 1807. 

Ouivier (A. G.), Entomologie ; ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, 8 Tomes. 
4to. Paris, 1789—1808. 

OsTEN-SACKEN (R.), Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. 
Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution. 8vo. Washington, 
1858. 


Panzer (G. W. F.), Index Entomologicus, sistens omnes Insectorum species in 
G. W. F. Panzeri Fauna Insectorum Germanica descriptas atque 
delineatas secundum methodum Fabricianum ; adjectis emen- 
dationibus, observationibus. Pars I. Eleutherata. 8vo. No- 
rimberge, 1813. 

Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutschlands nach dem System 
bearbeitet von Dr. G. W. F. P. Band 1, 2. 8vo. Nurnberg, 
1805, 1806. 


PauuAs (P.S.), Icones Insectorum presertim Rossie Sibiriaque peculiarum 
que collegit et descriptionibus illustravit P. 8. P. 4to. Er- 
lange, 1781. 

Voyage du Professeur Pallas dans plusieurs provinces de |’Empire 
de Russie et dans I’ Asie septentrionale ; traduits de 1’ Allemand par 
le C. Gauthier de la Peyronie. Nouvelle édition, revue et enrichie 
de Notes par les C. C. Lamarck et Langlés. Texte 8 Tom. $vo. 
Paris, An II. Plates1 Tom. 4to. Paris, An X. 

Pascog (F. P.), On some new Anthribide. From the Annals and Magazine 
of Natural History for November and December, 1859. 


On some new Longicornia from the Moluccas. From the Annals and 
Magazine of Natural History for February, 1860. 


PassErIni (Carlo), Osservazioni sopra alcune Larve o Tignole dell’ Ulivo. Giorn. 
Agerar. Tose. 1832. 8vo. Firenze, 1832? Ent. Tracts. Vol. 
12. 
Rapporto del Dott. C. P. sopra l’}Opuscolo del Dott. Pietro Negri 
intitolato: Memoria sopra il bruco che in quest’ anno devasta i 
seminati di frumento delle provincie di Bologna, ete. Atti Accad. 
Georgof. 1833. 8vo. Firenze, 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 


Alcune Notizie sopra una Specie d’Insetto del Gen. Thrips dannoso 
agli Ulivi. Atti Accad. Georgof. IT. XII. 8vo. Firenze, 1834. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 


Rapporto del Dott. Carlo Pass. sulla Memoria manoscritta del Sig. 
F. Luciani di Castelnuovo intitolata: Sulle larve danneggiatrici del 
grano Siciliano. Atti del Georgof. di Firenze, 18383. 8vo. 
Firenze, 1835. Misc. Ent. Pamphl. 

Osservazioni sopra due Insetti nocivi il Lytta verticalis che nel 1839 
danneggio a Volterra le Piante di Patate. Atti Georgof. 1839. 
Vol. XVIII. 8vo. Firenze, 1840. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 


Osservazioni sulle Larve, Ninfe, e Abitudini della Scolia flavifrons. 
(Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Pisa, 1840. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXV 


PassERINI (CARLO), Continuazione delle Osservazioni nell’ anno 1841, sulle 
Larve di Scolia flavifrons, (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Firenze, 
1841. 


Notizie relative a tre Specie d’Insetti nocivi all’ Ulivo. Atti Accad: 
Georgof, 1842. 8vo. Firenze, 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 


Istoria dei Bruci o Larve della Lithosia caniola. From Atti Accad. 
Georg. 1843. 8vo. Firenze, 1844. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 


Dei Vantaggi che l’ Agricoltura puo ricavare dallo Studio dell’ Ento- 
mologia. Memoria letta all’ i E. R. Accademia dei Georgofili. 
8vo. -Firenze, 1846. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 


Notizie sopra due Specie d’Insetti nocivi agli Alberi: una Cecidomia 
alle foglie dei cerri ed i brucci o larve della Liparis salicis ai 
pioppi cipressini. Memoria letta alla R. Accademia dei Georgofili. 
8vo. Firenze, 1849. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 


Notizie relative ad Insetti Coleotteri dannosi ed alcuni ospitanti della 
Pianta del Fico (Ficus carica), lette alla R. Accademia dei Georgo.. 
fili. 8vo. Firenze, 1851. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 
PaT?TERSON (Robert), Letters on the Natural History of the Insects mentioned 
in Shakespeare’s Plays. 8vo. Lond. 1838. 


On the Study of Natural History as a Branch of General Education in 
Schools and Colleges. (Read before the Belfast Nat. Hist. Soc. 
1840.) Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 


On the Bolina Hibernica. Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. Vol. XIX. (Ent, 
Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Dublin, 1840. 

Description of the Cydnippe Pomiformis (Beroé ovatus, Flem.), with 
Notice of an apparently undescribed Species of Bolina also found 


on the Coast of Ireland. From the Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. Vol. 
XIX. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Dublin, 1839. 


), Note sur des Animaux quicolorent en Rouge les Marais salans. 
Ann. Sci. Nat. 1836. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13. 
PENNANT (Thomas), British Zoology. Fourth edition. 4 vols. 8vo. War- 
rington 1776-77. 
PercneRron (A.), Description de Derbe, Fabricius, et Cephalelus, Percheron. 
Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 
Description du Cephalelus infumatus. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. 
Note sur la Larve du Myrmeleon libelluloides. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 
1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 
Mémoire sur les Raphidies, Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1833. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 3. 
Bibliographie Entomologique. 2 Tomes. 8vo. Paris, 1837. 
Perroup (B. P.) Mélanges Entomologiques. Parties 2, 3. Part 1 wanting. 
8vo. Lyons, 1850. 
Prcter (F. J.), Recherches pour servir a ]’Histoire et a Ll Anatomie des 
Phryganides. 4to. Genéve, 1834. 


Description de quelques nouvelles Espéces d’Insectes du Bassin du 
Léman. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. VII. 
lére Partie. 4to. 1835. 

_ Description de quelques nouvelles Espéces de Néuropteéres du Musée 

de Geneve. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve, ‘Tom. 
VII. 2e Part. 1836. 

Note sur les Organs Respiratoires des Capricornes. Mém. Soc. Phys. 
et d’ Hist. Nat. de Genéve, Tom. VII. Sec, Partie, 1836, 


E2 


PaYEN ( 


XXXVI CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Pictet (I. J.), Histoire Naturelle générale et particuliére des Insectes Néu- 

roptéres. — Famille des Perlides. — Famille des Ephémérines. 
8vo. Genéve et Paris, 1841—1845. 

Pirano (Antoine), La Science de la Sétifére, ou l’ Art de produire la Soie. 8vo. 
Paris, 1828. 

Prancuon (J.E.), Histoire d’une Larve Aquatique du Genre Simulium. (Ent. 
Tracts. 4to.) 4te. Montpellier, 1844. 

Promuey (F.), The Natural History of the Hop Fly. S8vo. Maidstone. Ent. 
Tracts. 

Puitrenry (Richard), A General View of the Writings of Linneus.  8vo. 
Lond. 1781. 

Purcuas (Samuel), A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects ; wherein especially 
the Nature, the Worth, the Work, the Wonder, and the manner 
of Right-ordering of the Bee, is discovered and described. To- 
gether with Discourses Historical, and Observations Physical 
concerning them. Andina Second Part are annexed Meditations 
and Observations, ‘Theological and Moral, in Three Centuries 
upon that Subject. 4to. Lond. 1657. 


Putzeys (J.), Broscosoma, Carabidum Genus Novum. 8yo. Bruxelles, 1846. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 
Prémices Entomologiques. Syo. Liége, 1845. 
Monographie des Clivina et Genres voisins. Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. 
Liége. Tom. 2. 1846. 


And published separately. 


RapDouAN (Jacques), Petit Manuel des Propriétaires d’Abeilles. 12mo. Paris, 
1821. 

RaNnvDALL (John W.), Descriptions of New Species of Coleopterous Insects 
inhabiting the State of Massachusetts. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. 
Vol. 2. 

Descriptions of New Species of Coleopterous Insects inhabiting the 
State of Maine. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. Vol. 2. 

Ratrzesure (Julius Theodor Christian), Die Forst-Insecten, oder Abbildung 
und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preusseus und der Nach- 
barstaaten als schadlich oder nutzlich bekannt gewordenen In- 
secten; In systematischer Folge und mit besonderer Rucksicht 
auf die Vertilgung der Schadlichen. LErster Theil. Die Kafer. 
(Zweite Auflage.) Zweiter Theil. Die Falter. Dritte Theil. 
Die Ader-, Zwei-, Halb-, Netz- und Geradflugler. 38 vols. 4to. 
Berlin, 1839, 1840, 1844. 

Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in Entomologischer und Forst- 
licher Beziehung. Ein Anhang zur Abbildung und Beschreibung 
der Forstinsecten. 38 vols. 4to. Berlin, 1844, 1848, 1852. 


Ray (John), Historia Insectorum. Opus posthumum jussu Regie Societatis 
Londinensis editum. Cui subjungitur Appendix de Scarabais 
Britannicis, autore M. Lister, S. R. S., ex MSS. Musazi Ash- 
molewani. 4to. Lond. 1710. 

The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of the Creation. In 

Two Parts. The Tenth Edition, corrected. Svo. Lond. 1736. 

Raynaup (J. B.), Magnanier infaillible, ou Traité de 1’Education da Ver-a- 
Soie. 8vo. Paris, 1838. - Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11. 

Reape (J. B.), On Animals of the Chalk still found in a living state in the 
Stomachs of Oysters. 8vo. 1844. Ent. Tracts. 

Reaumur (René-Antoine-Ferchault de), Mémoires pour servir a |’ Histoire 
des Insectes. 6 Tomes. 4to. Paris, 1784—1742, 


Another copy, 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXVIL 


Repti (Francis), Opusculorum pars prior, sive Experimenta circa Generationem 
Insectorum ad Iustrem Virum Carolum dati, accedit J. Frid. 
Lachmund de Ave Diomedea Dissertatio. 12 Amsteledami, 1786. 

ReEDTENBACHER (Ludwig), Fauna Austriaca. Die Kafer. S8vo. Wien, 1858. 

See Koiuar (Vincenz). 
Reicu (G.C.), Magazin des Thierreichs. Erster Band. 4to. Erlangen, 1793. 
Beitrag zur Lehre von der geographischen Verbreitung der Insecten, 
insbesondere der Kafer. Acta Ces. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. Vol, 
XVI. 4to. Bonn. 1838. 
Lehrbuch der practischen Heilkunde. Band 1, Erste Lief. S8vo. 
Berlin, 1842. 

RENARD (——), Rapport sur la Séance extraordinaire solennelle du 28 Décembre 
1855, aoccasion du Jubilé semi-séculaire de la Société Impériale 
des Naturalistes de Moscou. Syo. Moscou, 1856. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 10. 

Rerzius (Anders Jahan). See De GEER (C.) 

Ricuarvson (John), Fauna Boreali- Americana; or the Zoology of the Northern 
Parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects 
of Natural History collected on the late northern land expedition 
under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R. N. By J.R. 
assisted by William Swainson, and the Rev. William Kirby. 
4 Parts. 1. Quadrupeds, by Dr. John Richardson. 2. Birds, by 
William Swainson. 3. Fish, by Dr. John Richardson. 4. Insects, 
by Rev. William Kirby. 4to, Lond. 1829—1837. Part 4 
published at Norwich. 

Robert (Eugene), Extrait du Compte Rendu de la Société Royale et Centrale 
d’ Agriculture qui a décerné a M. le doct. L’ Eugene Robert le prix 
institué pour la découverte et la mise en pratique de moyens 
propres a détruire les insectes nuisibles aux foréts, etc. 8vo. 
Paris, 1847. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 

See GUERIN-MENEVILLE (F. E.). 

Rocca (Ablé Della), Traité complet sur les Abeilles. 2 Tom. 8vo. Paris, 
1790. 

Reamer (John Jacob), Genera Insectorum Linnaei et Fabricii iconibus illustrata 
aJ.J.R. 4to. Vitoduri Helvetorum, 1789. 

RoesEL (August Johann), Der monatlich-herausgegebenen Insecten-Belusti- 
gung. 4 Theil. 4to. Nurnberg, 1744—1761. 

RomMANpD (De), Tableau de |’ Aile Supérieure des Hyménopteres. (Ent. Tracts. 
4to.) 4to. Paris, 1839. ' 

Note sur Je Genre Pelecinus. Hyménopteéres pupivores évaniales. 
Mag. de Zool. 1840. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 

Notice sur divers Insectes Hyménopteres de Ja Famille des Melliféres. 
Mag. de Zool. 1841. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 

Roser (C. L. F. de), Verzeichniss der in Wurtembere vorkommenden Kifer. 
1838. 

Ross (P.j, Fauna Etrusca, sistens Insecta que in provinciis Florentina et 
8vo. Pisana presertim collegit. 2Tom. 4to. Liburni, 1790. 

Mantissa Insectorum, exhibens species nuper in Etruria collectas. 
4to. Pisis, 1792. 

Roru (J. R.), Diagnosen neuer Coleoptera aus Abyssinien. Archiv f. Naturg. 
XVII Jahrg. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 

RuspEn (Moses), A further Discovery of Bees. 12mo. Lond. 1679. 


RuscHENBERGER (W.S. W.), A Notice of the Origin, Progress, and present 
Condition of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. Syo. Philad. 1852. 


XXXVIil CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Saint-Farceau (Am. Le Peletier de), Monographia Tenthredinetarum, sy- 
nonimia extricata. Svo. Parisiis, 1823. 


SaMOUELLE (George), The Entomologist’s Useful Compendium. 8vo. London. 
y 


A Nomenclature of British Entomology, or a Catalogue of above 
4,000 Species of the Classes Crustacea, Myriapoda, Spiders, 
Mites and Insects, alphabetically arranged and intended as 
Labels for Cabinets of British Insects, from the Entomologist’s 
Useful Compendium. 8vo. Lond. 1816. 

Saunpers (William Wilson), Insecta Saundersiana; or Characters of unde- 
scribed Insects in the Collection of W. W. S. Coleoptera; 
Curculionides. Parts I. II. By Henry Jekel. Diptera. Parts 

T.—V. By Francis Walker. 8vo. Lond. 1850—1860. 

SaunpeERs (W. W.) and Jexen (H.), Descriptions de quelques Curculionites. 
Ann. Soc. Ent. France. 3 Ser. Tom. III. 1855. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 4. 

Saussure (H. F. de), Etudes sur la Famille de Vespides. Monographie des 
Guépes Sociales. Cahirs 1—7. 8vo. Paris, 1853. 

Mélanges Hyménopterologiques. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. 
de Geneve. Tom. XIV. 

Nouvelles Considérations sur la Nidification des Guépes. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 8. 8vo. Paris, 1855. 

Description de Diverses Espéces nouvelles ou peu connues de Genre 
Scolia. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France. 38° Serie. Tom. VI. 8vo. 
Paris, 1858. 

Saussure (H. F. de), Monographie des Guépes Solitaires, ou de la Tribu des 
Euméniens, &c. Cahier I.—VI. 8vo. Paris et Genéve, 1852. 

Monographique des Guépes Sociales. 8vo. Paris. 

Savieny (Jules-César), Mémoires sur les Animaux sans Vertébres. Premiére 
Partie. 1 Fasc. Seconde Partie. 1 Fasc. 8vo. Paris, 1816. 

Say (Thomas), Descriptions of New Species of Curculionites of North 
America, with Observations on some of the Species already 
known. Ent. Tracts. Vol.5. S8vo. New Harmony, 1831. 

American Entomology, or Descriptions of the Insects of North 
America. Illustrated by coloured Figures from Original Draw- 
ings executed from Nature. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1824—1828. 

Another copy. Vol. 3 wanting. 

Descriptions of New Species of North American Hymenoptera, and 
Observations on some already described. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 
Vol. J. Art. XIII. and XVII. 

Descriptions of New North American Coleopterous Insects, and 
Observations on some already described. Boston Jour. Nat. 
Hist. Vol. I. 

SCHAEFFER (Jacob Christian), Nattrlich ausgemahlte Abbildungen Regens- 
burgischer Insecten. 2 Theil. 4to. Regensburg, 1766—69. 

ScHaum (Hermann), Catalogus Coleopterorum Europe. Herausgegeben vom 
Entomologischen Verein in Stettin. S8vo. Berlin, 1852. 

Ueber Fulgorelle (Latr.) Encykl. d. W. u. K. Erste Sect. LI. 
Ent. Tracts. 4to. 

Bericht tber die Wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der 
Entomologie. 8yo. Berlin, 1850—1852. 

Hemiptera. Halbflugler. Peters, Reise nach Mossambique. Ent. 
Tracts. 4to. 


Orthoptera. Geradfliigler. Peters, Reise nach Mossambique. Ent: 
Tracts. 4to; 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIX 


Scuaum (Hermann), Analecta Entomologica (Dissertatio Inauguralis). 8vo. 
Halis Saxonum, 1841. 


Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Vol. I. Parts 1 and 3. 
8vo. Berlin, 1856—59. 


ScHELLENBERG (J. R.), Cimicum in Helvetia Aquis et Terris degentium 
Genus in Familias redactum, Observationibus et Iconibus adorna- 
torum delineatis illustratum. 8vo. Turici, 1800. 


Another copy. 
ScHIFFER- MULLER ( 


). See Denis ( ). 


ScurogptTse (J.C.), Specimen Faune Subterranee. Bidrag til den underjordiske 
Fauna. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrif. 5 Raekke Nat. Math, 
Afd. 2det Bind. 4to. Kjobenhevn. 


Om en afvigende Slaegt af Spindlernes Orden. Ent. Tracts. Vol. I. 


ScHLAEGER (Friedrich), Berichte des Lepidopterologischen Tauschvereines tber 
die Jahre 1842 bis 1847. 8vo. Jena, 1848. 


ScnornneERR (C. J.), Synonymia Insectorum, oder Versuch einer Synonymie 
aller bisher bekannter Insecten. Erster Band. 3 Theilen. 8vo. 
Stockholm, 1806. Appendix ad Tom. I. Part 3. Sistens de- 
scriptiones novarum Specierum. 8yo, Scaris. 1817. 


Curculionidum Dispositio Methodica, cum generum characteribus, de- 
scriptionibus atque observationibus variis, seu prodromus ad syno- 
nymiz Insectorum. Partem 4. Svo. Llipsie, 1826. 


Genera et Species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus Familie; a 
C. J.8. Species nove aut hactenus minus cognite, descripti- 
onibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et Entomo- 
logis aliis illustrate. 8 Tom, 8vo. Parisiis et Lipsie, 1833—49. 


Mantissa secunda Familiz Curculionidum, seu descriptiones novorum 
quorundam generum Curculionidum. 8vo. Holmie, 1847. 
Genera et Species Curculionidum. Catalogus ab H. Jekel. 12mo, 
Parisiis, 1849. 
ScHRANK (Franz von Paula), Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der 


in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. 38 Band. 8vo. 
Nurnberg, 1798—1803. 
Scoroti (Joannes Antonius), Entomologia Carniolica, exhibens Insecta Car- 
nioliz indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varie- 
tates Methodo Linnzana. 8vo. Vindobone, 1763. 
Two other copies. 


Sxesa (Albertus), Locupletissimi rerum naturalium Thesauri accurata descriptio 
et iconibus artificiosissimus expressio. Fol. Amsteled. The 
Insect Plates only. 


SELLA (Eug.), Description d’une nouvelle Espéce du Genre Carabus propre au 
Piémont. Rey. et Mag. Zool. 1855. Ent. Tracts. 


Seiys-Lonecuampes (Edm. de), Catalogue des Lépidoptéres ou Papillons de 

la Belgique, précédé du tableau des Libellulines de ce Pays. S8vo. 
Liége, 1837. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 

Monographie des Libellulidées d’Europe. 8vo. Paris, 1840. 

Revue des Odonates ou Libellules d’Europe. 8vo. Bruxelles¥et 
Leipsig et Paris, 1850. Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. de Liége. Tom. 
VI. Liege, 1850. 

Synopsis des Caloptérygines. Mém. Acad. Roy. de Brux. 1853. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7. 


Monographie des Gomphines. 8vo, Brux., Leipzig et Paris, 1857. 


xl CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Se.ys-Lonccuamps (Edm. de), Nouvelles additions aux Libellulidées de la 
Belgique. Acad. Roy. de Brux. Tom. X. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7. 


Additions 4 deux Notices sur les Libellulidées. Acad. Roy. Brux. 
Tom. VII. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7. 

Notices sur les Libellulidées, Acad. Roy. de Brux. Tom. VI. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 7. 

Enumération des Insectes Lépidoptéres de la Belgique. Acad, Roy. 
de Brux. Tom. VII. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


Enumération des Libellulidées de la Belgique. Acad. Roy. Brux. 
Tom. VII. Enf. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


Description de deux nouvelles Espéces d’@shna du_ sous-genre 
Anax (Leach). 8vo. Bruxelles. 


Sepp (Christian), Surinaamsche Vlinders. Papillons de Surinam. 2 Deel. 
Planches 1—112. 4to: Amsterdam. 


Suarswoop (W.), Bibliographia librorum Entomologicorum in America boreali 
editorum. 8vo. 
Suuckarp (W. E.) See Burmeister (Dr. H.) 
A Manual of Entomology. 
Essay on the Indigenous Fossorial Hymenoptera, &c. §Svo. Lond. 
1837. 
Monograph of the Dorylidz, a Family of the Hymenoptera Heiero- 
gyna. Ent. Tracts. 8vo. Lond. 1840. 
An Account of the Pulex penetrans, Z., translated from Pohland 
Kollar’s Work, “ Brasiliens vorziiglich lastige Insecten ;’’ that is, 
on the Noxious Insects of Brazil. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. IX. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 
Monograph of the Dorylide, a Family of the Hymenoptera Hetero- 
gyna. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840. Ent. Tracts. Vel. 8. 
The British Coleoptera delineated, consisting of Figures of all the 
Genera of British Beetles, drawn in outline by W. Spry, edited 
by W. E.S. 8vo. Lond. 1840. 


Elements of British Entomology. Part 1. 8¥o. London, 1839. 
S1cuEL (J.), De la Chasse des Hymenopteres. 12mo. Paris, 1859. 


S1esoLp (C. Th. von), Ueber Strepsiptera. Wiegm. Archiv f. Naturg. 1843. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


S1ppaLpD (Rob.), Scotia illustrata, sive Prodromus Historie Naturalis. Fol. 
Edinburgi, 1684. 

S1epoip (Carl. Theod. von), Ueber die Spermatozoiden der Locusten. Acta 
Acad. Leop. Nat. Cur. Vol. X XI. 


Ueber die Fadenwurmer der Insekten. Erster Nachtrag. Entomo- 
logische Zeitung, 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der wirbellosen Thiere. 4to. Danzig, 
1839. 


Observationes quedam Entomologica de Oxybello uniglume atque 
Miltogramma conica, (Ent, Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Erlange, 1841. 


Si1gnoreT (V.), Revue critique du Groupe des Tettigonides et de la Tribu 
Cercopides. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1853. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


SILBERMANN (Gustave). See Journal (StrasBourG), Revue Entomologique. 


S1tx-Worm, L’Educazione de’ Bachida seta come si pratica nella Brianza, 
Ent. Tracts. Vol.11. 8yo. Milano. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xli 


Smiru (James Edward), The Natural History of the Lepidopterous Insects 
of Georgia; collected from the Observations of Mr. John Abbott 
by James Edward Smith. 2 Vols. Pol. Lond. 1797. 


Smitu (frederick), M. E. 8., Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Col- 
lection of British Museum. Part I. Apidae —Bees. 12mo. London, 
1855. 


SNELLEN-VAN-VOLLENHOEVEN. See ‘Transactions of Learned Sccicties 
(Hacue), Société Ent. des Pays-Bas. 


SparrMAN (Andrew), A Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, towards the 
Antarctic Polar Circle, and round the World; but chiefly into 
the Country of the Hottentots and Caffres, from the year 1772—~ 
1776. 2 Vols. 4to. Lond. 1786. 


Spence (William). See Kirey (William). 


On Accidents, Diseases, and Insects relating tothe Elm. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 12. 8vo. Lond. 1836. 


Spinoza (Maximillian), Insectorum Liguriz Species nova aut rariores, quas in 
Agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et Iconibus illustravit 
Max. 8S. 2 Tom. 4to. Genue, 1806. 
Considerazioni sulla Bocca degli Insetti presa base sistematica. Tnt. 
Tracts. 4to. 
Essai d’une nouvelle Classification des Diplolepaires. Ent. Tracts. 4to. 


Considerazioni sopra i Costumi degl’ Imenotteri del G. Sirex, Fab., e 
sopra il mighor posto dei Siregiti. 8vo. Genova, 1643. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 8. 

Dei Prioniti e dei Colleotteri ad essi piu aflini Osseryazioni. Ent. 
Tracts. 4to. 


Di una novella Specie di Henestaris. (tra gli Emitteri-eterotteri). 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


Osservazioni sopra i Caratteri Naturali di tre Famiglie d’Insetti 
imenotteri, cioe le Vesparie, le Masaride e le Crisidide. 8vo. 
Genova, 1843. Ent. Tracts. 

Tavola sinottica dei Generi spettanti alla Classe degli Insetti artroi- 
dignati, Hemiptera, Linn., Latr. Rhyngota, Fab.  Rhynchota, 
Burm. Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena. XXV. 4to. Modena, 
1850. 


Essai sur les Genres d’ Insectes appartenants a4 |’Ordre des Hemipteres, 
Linn., ou Rhyngotes, Fab., et ala section des Hétéropteres, Dufour. 
8vo. Génes, 1837. 


Essai Monographique sur les Clérites, Insectes Coléopteres. 2 Tom. 
8vo. Genes, 1844. 


SPRENGEL (C.), Commentarius de partibus quibus Insecta spiritus ducunt. 
(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Lipsiz, 1815. 


Spry (W.) See Suuckarn (W. E.), British Coleoptera delineated, 


Stainton (Henry Tibbats), The Entomologist’s Annual. Lepidoptera. By 
the Editor. Hymenoptera. By Frederick Smith. Coleoptera: 
By E. W. Janson. 12mo. 8vo. London, 1855—186]. 


(Assisted by Professor Ze.ier, J. W. DouGras and Professor Frey). 
The Natural History of the Tineina. Vol. I., containing Nepticula, 
Part I.; Cemiostoma, Part I. Vol. II., containing Lithocolletis, 
Part I. Vol. ILI., containing HElachista, Part I.; Tischeria, 
Part I. Vol. IV., containing Coleophora, Part I. Vol. V., con- 
taining Coleophora, Part II. Vol. VI., containing Depressaria, 
Part I. 8vo. London, 1855—1861. 


xl CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


SrainTon (Henry Tibbats), Systematic Catalogue of the British Tineide and 
Pterophoride. 8vo. Lond. 1849. 


A Supplementary Catalogue of the British Tineide et Pterophoride. 
8vo. Lond. 1851. 


The Entomologist’s Companion ; being a Guide to the Collection of 
Micro- Lepidoptera, and comprising a Calendar of British Tineide. 
12mo. Lond. 1852. 


The Entomologist’s Companion. Second Edition. 12mo. Lond. 1854. 

List of British Tineina, for labelling Cabinets. Svo. Lond. 1854. 

Two copies. 

A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths. Vol.I1.—II. 8vo. Lond. 
1857—1859. 

See Journal (Lonpon), The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer. 

See Insecta Britannica. 


Bibliotheca Stephensiana, being a Catalogue of the Entomological 
Library of the late J. F.S. 4to. Lond. 1863. 


STEPHENS (James Francis), Illustrations of British Entomology, or a Synopsis 
of Indigenous Insects. Mandibulata, 7 Vols. Haustellata, 4 Vols. 
(No plates. Vol. 4, Haustellata, wanting. Vol. 5, Mandibulata, 
wanting.) S8vo. Lond. 1828—1836. 


Another copy, in boards. 
The Nomenclature of British Insects. Svo. Lond. 1829. 


A Systematic Catalogue of British Insects, being an Attempt to ar- 
range all the hitherto discovered indigenous Insects in accordance 
with their natural Affinities. 8vo. Lond. 1829. 


Another copy, bound. 


A Description of Chiasognathus Grantii, an insect forming the type of 
an undescribed genus, with brief remarks upon its structure and 
affinities. Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 4to. Camb. 1831. Ent. 
Tracts. 


An Abstract of the indigenous Lepidoptera contained in the Verzeich- 
niss bekannter Schmetterlinge by Hubner. 8vo. Lond. 18385. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


A Manual of British Coleoptera, or Beetles. Svo. Lond. 1839. 
Two copies. 


See Museum (BritisH), List of.the Specimens of British Animals 
in the Collection of the British Museum Part. V. and X. Le- 
pidoptera (continued.) 


Stevens (Samuel), Directions for collecting and preserving Specimens of Na- 
tural History in tropical Climates. 8vo. Lond, Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 10. 


Srouz (Caspar), Natuurlyke en naar ’t leeven naauwkeurig gekleurde Afbeel- 
dingen en Beschryvingen der Wautzen, &c. &c. &c. Text in 
Dutch and French. 4to. Amsterdam, 1788. 


Natuurlyke en naar ’t leeven naauwkeurig gekleurde Afbeeldingin en 
Beschryvingen der Cicaden, &c. &c. Text in Dutch and French. 
4to. Amsterdam, 1788. 


Sturm (Jacob), Catalog meiner Insecten-Sammlung. LErster Theil. Kafer. 
8vo. Nurnberg, 1826. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, xiii 


Sturm (J. H. G. F.), Deutschlands Fauna in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit 
Beschreibungen. 5 Abtheilung. Die Insecten. Band I—YVIII. 
and Band 23. 8vo. Nurnberg, 1805—1834 and 1857. 


Swainson (William). See Ricuarpson (John). 


An Essay on the Geographical Distribution of Man and Animals, 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 8vo. Lond. 1835. 


Introductory Observations on the Natural System. From the Northern 
Zoology. Vol. IJ. Ent. Tracts. Ato. 


Zoological Illustrations. Second Series. The Insects. 8vo, Lond. 
1832—1833. 


SWAMMERDAM (John), Histoire générale des Insectes. 4to. Utrecht, 1682. 
Historia Insectorum generalis. 4to. Ultrajecti, 1693. 


SwWAMMERDAM (Joannis), Biblia Naturs, sive Historia Insectorum, accedit 
prefatio, in qua vitam auctoris descripsit Hermannus Boerhaave, 
Latinam versionem adscripsit Hieronimus David Ganbius. Text 
in Latin and Dutch. 2 Tom. Fol. Leyde, 1737. 


Syxes (William Henry), Some Account of the Kolisurra Silkworm of the 
Deccan. ‘Trans. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Gt. Brit. Vol. III. Ent. Tracts, 
Ato. 


TARNIER (Frédéric), Coléopteres des Iles Agores. Extrait du Voyage aux 
Agores, par M. Arthur Morelet. 8vo. Dijon, 1860. 


Taytor (Henry), The Bee-keeper’s Manual; or, practical Hints on the 
Management and complete Preservation of the Honey-Bee. 
Second edition. 12mo. Lond. 1839. 


Tuompson (B.), The Vegetable or Bullrush Caterpillars. Cal. Jour. Nat. Hist. 
Vio p: (4 Ents /Eracts: 


Tuomrson (John V.), Memoir on the Pentacrinus Europeus. (Ent. Tracts. 
4to.) 4to. Cork, 1827. 


Tuompson (James). See Journal (Paris). 
Tuomson (Robert), Records of General Science. 4 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1835—36. 


Tuor ey (John), MEAIZZHAOTIA, or the Female Monarchy, being an inquiry 
into the Nature, Order and Government of Bees. Ina Vol. of 
Tracts from Hope. 8vo. Lond. 1794, 


Transactions of Learned Societies. 
(AmsTERDAM), Verslag van de yijfde algemeene Vergadering der 
Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging. Algem. Konst en 
Letterb. Verslag van de Zesde. 8vo. Amsterdam, 1849—60, 


(Boston, U. S.), Boston Journal of Natural History, containing 
Papers and Communications read to the Boston Society of 
Natural History. Vols. 1—6. 1834—1850. Parts 1—3 only of 
Vol. 6. 8vo. Boston, 1837—1853. 


Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural Liistory. Taken from 
the Society’s Records. Jan. 1841—Noy. 1857. Incomplete. 
Svo. Boston. 


(BruxE..eEs), Nouveaux Mémoires del’ Académie Royale des Sciences 
et Belles- Lettres de Bruxelles. Tom. XJ.—XXXI. In Vol. XX. 
the title Nouveaue Mém. is changed to simple Mémoires. 4to. 
Bruxelles, 1838—659. 


Mémoires couronnés par l Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles- 
Lettres de Bruxelles. Tom. XIV.—XXIX. 4to,- Bruxelles; 
1841—1858. 


xliv CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Transactions of Learned Societies. 
(BRUXELLES), Bulletins de Académie Royale des Sciences et 
Belles-Lettres de Belgique. Incomplete. 8vo. Bruxelles, 
1836—1859. 

Annales de la Société Entomologique Belge. Tom. premier. Syo 

Bruxelles, 1857, 1860. 
(CanreRBURY), Report of the Proceedings of the first Meeting of the 
East Kent Natural History Society. 12mo. Canterbury, 1858 (?) 


(DoncasTER), Report of the Committee of the Doncaster Agricultural 
Association on the Turnip Fly and the means of its prevention. 
8yo. Lond. 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2. 

(Dupuin), The Journal of the Royal Dublin Society. Vol. 1. 1856 
—1857. S8vo. Dublin, 1858. 


(EpinpurGH), Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club. 
Vols. 1—3. S8yo. Edinburgh, 1834—1856. 

Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, 1854— 
1858. Vol. I. S8vo. Edinburgh, 1858. 

(GEnevA), Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’ Histoire Naturelle 
de Geneve. Tom. 1—XY. Tom. III. and IV. wanting. 4to. 
Geneve, 1821—60. 

(Hacue), Mémoires d’Entomologie publiés par la Société Entomo- 
logique des Pays-Bas, sous la direction de MM. J. Van de 
Hoeven, M. C. Verloren et S. C. Snellen Van Vollenhoven. Con- 
tinued under the title of ‘‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie.’’ Tom. I. 
8vo. La Haye, 1857. Deel2,3. S8vo. Leiden, 1858—1860. 

(Hate), Jahresbericht des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hae. 
Jahr. 1849, 1850. 8vo. Berlin, 1850, 1851. 

(Leeps), The Annual Reports of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical 
and Literary Society from 1836—1850. 8vo. Leeds, 1837—1850. 

(Ligece), Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Li¢ge. Tom. 
5,6. Svo. Liége, 1848—1850. 

(Litte), Séance publique de la Société d’ Amateurs des Sciences et 
Arts de Ja Ville de Lille. 4¢™e et 5€ Cahiers. (Années 1843 and 
1844 wanting). 8vo. Lond. 1811—1819. 


(Afterwards published under the title) 


Recueil des Travaux de Ja Société d’Amateurs des Sciences 
de Agriculture et des Arts de Lille. Années 1823— 
1827. 8vo. Lille, 1819—1828. 


(Again changed in the year 1829 to) 
Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences d’ Agriculture et 
des Arts de Lille. Années 1828—1848. 8vo. Lille, 
1829—1849. 
(Liverroot), Report of the Proceedings of the Literary and Philo- 
sophical Society of Liverpool. Nos. I.—1V., VI.—XIV. No. 
V. wanting. 8vo. Liverpool, 1845—1860. 
(Lonpon), Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 
Vol. I. 8vo. Lond. 1812. 
The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. Vols. 
I.—V. 8vo. Lond. 1836—1849. 
New Series. Vols. 1.—V. 8vo. Lond. 1850—1861. 
The Transactions of the Linnean Society. Parts I., II. Vol. XII. 
Part IV. Vol. XVII. Vols. XVIII., XIX., XX., XXI. Parts L., 
II, ITL., IV. Vol. XXII. 4to. Lond. 1817—1856. 
Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 1838—1860. 
The last is No. 18 of Vol. IV. 8vo. Lond. 1838—1860. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlv 


Transactions of Learned Societies. 
(Lonpon), Proceedings of the Royal Society. Wol. X. Nos. 34— 
36, 388—42. S8vo. Lond. 1859—1861. 
The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Vols, 1 
—19; 21, Part 1. Incomplete. 8vo. Lond. 1840—1860. 


Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1836— 
1854. 4to. Lond. 1886—1854. 


Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. LV. Part 6. 
4to. London, 1859. 


The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1837—1860. 
Imperfect and no Plates. 8vo, Lond. 


(Lyon), Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences, Belles- 
Lettres et Arts de Lyon, Classe des Lettres, nouvelle Série. 
Tom. 2and 4 only. 8vo. Lyon, 1853—1855, 1859. 

Annales des Sciences physiques et Naturelles, d’Agriculture et 

d’ Industrie, publiées par la Société royale d’ Agriculture, etc., 

de Lyon. Tom. I., 1V., VII., IX.—XI. 8vo. Lyon, 1838— 

1848. Deuxiéme Série. Tom. VII., Parts I. and VIII. 8vo. 

Lyon, 1849—1855. Troisiéme Série. Tom. I.—III. Imp. 8vo. 
Lyon, 1857—1859. 

In 1848 the Society changed its title to Soc. Nat. ; again changed 

1852 to Soc. Imp. 


Mémoires de ]’Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de 
Lyon. Classe des Lettres. Tom. II. 8vo. Lyon, 1846. 
Classe des Sciences. Tom. I.—II. Svo. Lyon, 1845—1847. 
Nouvelle Série. Tom. II., V., VIII., IX. 8vo. Lyon, 1852 
—1859. 

The Society changed its name in 1848 to Acad. Nat., and again 
1858 to Acad. Imp. 


Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Années 1845—1849. 
8vo. Lyon, 1847—1850. 


Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Nouvelle Série. Tom. 
1,2. 8vo. Lyon, 1853—1855. 

(Maprip), Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias. Tercera 
Serie: Sciencias Naturales). Tom. I.—IV. 4to. Madrid, 1850 
—1857. 

Resumen de las Actas de la Academia Real de Ciencias de Madrid. 
Ano. 1847—1853, 4to. Madrid, 18485—1854. 


(Mauritius), Report of the Special Committee appointed by the 
Governor of the Colony for the purpose of examining the extent 
of damage caused by the Cane Borer to the Plantations. 8vo. 
Mauritius, 1856. 


(Moscov), Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Natu- 
ralistes de Moscou dediés a sa Majesté |’ Empereur Alexandre IT. 
Tomes XI.-—XIII. 4to. Moscou, 1859, 1860. 


Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou publié 
par G. Fischer de Waldheim. Incomplete. 8vo. Moscou, 
1836-—-1860. 


(Municn), Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe 
der Kceniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band 
I.—VIII. Band IV.impertect. 4to. Munchen, 1832—1860. 


Bulletin der Konig]. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1842—1896, 
4to. Munchen, 1842—1856. 


Sitzungsberichte der Konig]. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften 
zu Munchen, 1860. Heft I.—III. 8vo. Munchen, 1860. 


xlvi CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Transactions of Learned Societies. 

(Naptss), Bulletino dell’ Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti anno 
primo quinto dalla sua fondazione. 8vo. Napoli, 1842. 

(NEWcASTLE-UPON-TYNE), Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’ 
Field Club. Vol. 1., Pts. 1—3. 8vo. Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 
London, 1848. 

(New York), Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of New York. 
Vols. 4, 5.. 8vo. New York. 1846—1850. 

(New Orteans), Proceedings of the New Orleans Academy of Sci- 
ences. No.1. Vol. 1. 8yo. New Orleans. 1854. 


Constitution and Bye-Laws. 


(S7are or Onto), Annual Reports of the Board of Agriculture of the 
State of Ohio for the Years 1850 to 1855. 8vo. Columbus, 1851—6. 


(Oxrorp AND Campripce), An Accentuated List of the British 
Lepidoptera, with Hints on the Derivation of Names. 8vo. 
Lond. 1858. 


(Parts), Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 10 Tom. 
8vo. Paris, 1832—1841. Deuxiéme Série. 10 Tom. 8vo. 
Paris, 1843—1852. Troisiéme Série. Tom. I.—II. 8vo. Paris, 
1853, 1854. 

(PuinavetrHta), Celebration of the Hundredth Anniversary of the 
American Philosophical Society, May 25th, 1843. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 10. 


Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 
for 1856, 1857. 8vo. Philadel. 1857, 1858. 


(RecensspurG), Abhandlungen des zoologisch-mineralogischen Ve- 
reins in Regensburg. Heft I. 8vo. Regensburg, 1849. 


(Srertin), Entomologische Zeitung. Jahrgang I.—XXII., Parts 
1—3. S8vo. Stettin, 1840—1860. 


Linnea Entomologica. Band 1—14. 8vo. Berlin, Posen und 
Bromberg und Leipzig, 1846—1860. 


Catalogus Coleopterorum Europe; herausgegeben von Entomo~ 
logischen Verein in Stettin. Vierte duflage. 8vo. Berlin, 1852. 
(TasMANIA), Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van 
Diemen’s Land, continued under the title of “ Papers and Pro- 
ceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania.’ Vol. II. Parts II. 

and III. Vol. 111. Parts I., I]. 8vo. Tasmania, 1853—1869. 


(Vienna), Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in 
Wien. Band I.—VII. 8vo. Wien, 1852, 1855, 1857. 
Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen 
Gesellschaft in Wien. Jahrgang 1858. Als Folge der Ver- 
handlungen des zool.-bot. Vereines. Band VIII., 1X.  8yvo, 
Wien, 1858. 


Bericht uber die Oesterreichische-Literatur der Zoologie, Botanik 
und Palaeontologie aus den Jahren 1850, 51, 52, 53. Heraus- 
gegeben von dem zoologisch-botanischen Vereine in Wien. 
Svo. Wien, 1855. 


(Stare or Wisconsin), Transactions of the Wisconsin State Agri- 
cultural Society, 1851—1853. 8vo. Madison, 1852—1854. 


(Zuricy), Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in 
Zurich. Heft I. 8vo. Zurich, 1847. 


TREMBLEY (——), The Art of Hatching and Bringing-up Domestic Fowls by 
meansof Artificial Heat. Translated from the French of Rediumur. 
8vo. Lond. 1750. 


Tux (Alfred), Upon the Anatomy of Phalangium Opilio (Zaér.). From Ann. 
and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, xlvii 


Turnip Fly. See Transactions (DoNcAsTER), 
Turton (William). See LINNE (Charles). 


VaNnDER- LINDEN (P. L.), Monographie Libellulinarum Europearum Specimen. 
8vo. Bruxellis, 1825. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7. 


VERLOREN (C.). See Transactions of Learned Societies (HAGUE), Société 
Ent. des Pays-bas. 

VERLOREN (H.), Mémoire en réponse a la Question suivante: éclaircir par des 
observations nouvelles le phénoméne de la circulation dans les 
Insectes, en recherchant si on peut la reconnaitre dans les Jarves 
des différents ordres de ces animaux. From Mém. Cour. Acad. 
Roy. de Belgique, 1844. Ent. Tracts. 4to. 


Catalogus Systematicus ad Cramerum. S8yo, Trajecti ad Rhenum. 

1837. 

Victor (1'.), Description de quelques Coléopteres, recueillis dans un Voyage au 
Caucase (avec une Planche). Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. de 
Moscou. Tom. 4. 1835. 

Vitta (Antonio), Degli Insetti Carnivori: adoperati a distruggere le Specie 
dannose all’ Agricoltura. Estratta dallo Spettatore, Vol. 3. 8vo. 
Milano, 1845. nt. Tracts. Vol. 2. 


Osservazioni Entomologiche durante I’Eclisse del 9 Ottobre, 1847. 
From Accad. Fis.-Med.-Stat. di Milano, 1848. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 3. 

Comparsa periodica delle Efimere nella Brianza. Ent.Tracts. Vol. 7. 
8vo. Milano, 1847. 

Coleoptera Europe dupleta in Collectione Villa que pro mutua com- 
mutatione offerri possunt. 8vo. Milano, 1833-38. 

Sulla Monografia del Bombice del Gilso del Dottor Emilio Cornalia- 
8vo. Milano, 1857. 

Osservazioni Zoologiche esequite durante 1’ Ecclisse parziale di Sole 
del 18 Luglio, 1860. Estratto dagli Atti della Soc. Ital. di Sci. 
Nat. 8vo. Milano, 1860. 

Sui Curculioniti dell’ Agro Pavese enumerati dal Dottor Prada. Re- 
lazione letta nella sedata 18 Decembre, i859, della Societa Geo- 
logica in Milano. 8yo. Milano, 1860. 

Straordinaria Apparizione di Insetti Carnivori. 8vo. Milano, 1860. 

Viuuers (Carolus de). See Linne (C.). 
Entomologia Faune Suecice. 
Voert (J. E.), Catalogus Systematicus Coleopterorum. 2 Tom. 4to. La Haye, 

1818. 


Vocet (Christian Friedrich), Chronologischer Raupenkalender, oder Naturge- 
schichte der Europaischen Raupen wie dieselben der Zeit nach 
in gewissen Monaten in der Natur zum Vorscheinkommen. 8vo. 
Berlin, 1837. 


VOLLENHOEVEN. See SNELLEN-VAN VYOLLENHOEVEN. 


W. (J.), Apiarium, or a Discourse of the Government and Ordering of Bees, 
with their Nature and Properties, tending to the best way of im- 
proving them, and to the Discovery of the Fallacies that are 
imposed by some, for private Lucre, on the credulous Lovers and 
Admirers of these Insects. Written by J. W., Gent. 2nd edit. 
London. 8vo. 1678. 


Wauperc (J. A.). See Boneman (C. H.), Insecta Caffrarie. 


WALCKENAER (C. A.), Faune Parisienne, Insectes.: Ou Histoire abrégée des 
Insectes des environs de Paris. 2'Tomes. 8vo. Paris, 1802. 


xlvili CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


WatcKkeNagEr (Le Baron), Recherches sur les Insectes nuisibles 4 Ja Vigne 
connus des anciens et des modernes, et sur les moyens de s'opposer 
d leurs ravages. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1830. 8vo. Paris, 
1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Aptéres. Tom. I.—IV. Suites a 
Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ins. S8vo. Paris, 1887—1847. 


Mémoire sur une nouvelle Classification des Aranéides, par M.Je Baron 
de Walckenaer. From the Annales de Ja Société Entomologique 
de France, séance du 3 Juillet, 1833. 


Watckenagr (C. A.), Mémoires pour servir a l’ Histoire naturelle des Abeilles 
Solitaires qui composent le Genre Halicte. 8vo. Paris, 1817. 
WatpuHEI™ (G. Fischer de). See Transactions (Moscov). 
See FiscHer. 
Waker (Francis). See Saunpers (William Wilson). 
See Insecta Britannica. 
Description of Chalcidites. Trans. Linn, Soc. XX. 


See Museum (Britisu), List of Specimens of Homopterous Insects 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Supplement. 

See Museum (Britis), List of Specimens of Neuropterous Insects. 
Part IV. Odonata. 

See Museum (Bririsn), List of Specimens of Dipterous Insects. 
Parts V.—VI. Suppl. I. and IT. 


See Museum (Bririsu), List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous 
Insects in the Collection of the B, M. Parts I1.—XX. Lepi- 
doptera Heterocera. 


Monographia Chalciditum. Svo. Lond. 1839. 
Warver (Joseph), ‘The True Amazon, or the Monarchy of Bees, being a new 


Discovery and Improvement of those Wonderful Creatures. The 
sixth edition. 8vo. Lond. 1726. 


WaTERHOUSE (George), Catalogue of British Coleoptera. Svo. Lond. 1858 
—1861. 
Wesmacrt (C.), Monographie des Odyneres de la Belgique. 8vo. Bruxelles, 
18338. 
Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Braconides Endodontes. 
léere et 2€me Groupe. Mém. Acad. Roy. Brux. Tom. IX. 1835. 
Ditto, published separately. 


Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Suite Braconides En- 
dodontes. Troisiéme Groupe. Aréolaires, Mém. Acad. Brux- 
elles. Tom. X. 4to. Bruxelles, 1836. 


Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Braconides Endodontes. 
Quatrieme Groupe. Cyclostomes. Nouv. Mém. Acad. Roy. 
Sci. de Bruxelles. Tom. XI. 1838. 


Tentamen dispositionis methedice Ichneumon. Belgii. Nouy. Mém. 

Acad. Roy. Sci. de Bruxelles. Tom. XVIII. 
Westwoop (J. O.). 

See Drury (Dru). Illustrations of Exotic Entomology. 

See Humpureys (H.N.). , 

Description du Desmia Maculalis. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1831, Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 9. A 

Description de l’Encephalus complicans. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1883. 
Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlix 


Westwoop (J. O.), Further Notice of the British Parasitic Hymenopterous 
Insects: together with the ‘Transactions of a Fly with a long 
Tail,’ observed by Mr. E. W. Lewis; and additional Observa- 
tions. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VI. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


Descriptions of several new British Forms amongst the Parasitic 
Hymenopterous Insects. Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. Vol. IT. 
p. 445, No. 33. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


Notice of the Habits of a Cynipideous Insect, parasitic upon the Rose 
Louse (Aphis Rose); with Descriptions of several other Parasitic 
Hymenoptera. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VI.1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


Descriptions of several new British Forms amongst the Parasitic 
Hymenopterous Insects. The Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. and 
Journ. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


Notice of the Ravages of Insects upon Barley and Turnips; by J. 
Farmer, Esq.: with Observations thereon, and Descriptions and 
Figures of the Insects. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VIII. 1833. Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 12. 


Description du Genre Leucothyreus de Mac Leay et de ses Affinités. 
Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 

On the connecting Links between the Geocorisze and Hydrocorise of 
Latreille, or the Land and Water Bug Tribes. Mag. Nat. Hist. 
Vol. VI. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6. 


On the most advisable Methods for discovering Remedies against the 
Ravages of Insects ; and a notice of the Habits of the Onion Fly. 
Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VII. 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 


Description du Genre Trochalonota. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1834, Ent. 
Tracts. Vol. 3. 

On Nycteribia, a Genus of Wingless Insects. Trans. Zool. Soc. 1834. 
(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Lond. 1834. 

Insectornm novorum exoticorum (ex ordine Dipterorum) Descriptiones. 
Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. and Journ. 1835. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 6. 

Address on the recent Progress and present State of Entomology. 8vo. 
London, 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 

On the supposed Existence of Metamorphoses in the Crustacea. Phil. 
Trans. 1835. Ent. Tracts. 4to. 

On the Modern Nomenclature of Natural History. Mag. Nat. His. 
Vol. [X. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 

An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects; founded on 
the natural Habits and corresponding Organization of the dif- 
ferent Families. 2 Vols. 8vyo. London, 1839—40. 

Descriptio Generum nonnullorum novorum e Familia Lucanidarum, 
cum Tabula synoptica Familiz notulis illustrata. Ann. Sci. 
Nat. 2e Série. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 

‘Notice of a Congregation of Moths found in the Interior of a Tree of 
the False Acacia. (Robinia Pseud-Acacia, Z.) Mag. Nat. Hist. 
Vol. IX. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 

Descriptions of several New Species of Insects belonging to the Family 
of the Sacred Beetles. Trans. Zool. Soc. 1837. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 


Descriptions of some New Species of Diopsis. Trans. Linn. Soc. 


XVII. 

On the Genus Cerapterus of Swederus. 8vo. London. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 5. 

Synopsis of the Coleopterous Genus Cerapterus. Trans. Linn. Soc. 
NV: 


VOL. Ve— S86. d 


j CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY 


Westwoop (J. 0.), On the Family Fulgoride, with a Monograph of the Genus 
Fulgora of Linneus. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 


Illustrations of the Relationships existing among Natural Objects 
usually termed Affinity and Analogy, selected from the Class of 
Insects. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 


Observations on the Genus Derbe of Fabricius. Trans. Linn. Soc. 
XIX. 


Descriptions of several New Homopterous Insects belonging to various 
Subgenera of Derbe of Fabricius. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX. 


Synopsis of the Coleopterous Family Pausside ; with descriptions of 
a new Genus and some new Species. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX. 


Descriptions of some new Species of Athyreus, a Genus of Lamelli- 
corn Beetles. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX. 


On the Australian Species of the Coleopterous Genus Bolboceras, Kirby. 
Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. Art. II]. and IV. 


Monograph of the large African Species of Nocturnal Lepidoptera 
belonging or allied to the Genus Saturnia. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849. 
Ent. Tracts, Vol. 9. 


Characters of Embla, a Genus of Insects allied to the White Ants 
(Termites) ; with Descriptions of the Species of which it is com- 
posed. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. Ent. Tracts, 4to. 


Contributions to Fossil Entomology. Proc. Geol. Soc. 1854. Ent. 
Tracts, Vol. 3. ’ 
WHELPLEY (James). See Dana (J. D.) 


Wuite (Adam). See Museum (Britis#). 
Nomenclature of Neuroptera. 


Notes on some Insects from King George’s Sound. App. to Grey’s 
Narr. of a Voyage to King George’s Sound. Vol. 2. 1841. 
Misc. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


On some new Insects from the Congo. Ann. Mag. Zool. and Bot. 
1843. S8vo. Lond. 1843. Misc. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Description of Erycina Margaretta. Zoologist, 1843. Ent. Tracts. 


Vol. 3. 
Note on a Paper in Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, Vol. VIL, ona 
South American Wasp “which collects Honey.’ From Ann. 


and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Description of a South American Wasp which collects Honey. Ann. 
and Mag. of Nat. Hist. Vol.7. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 


Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera and Homoptera from 
China. 8vo. Lond. 1848. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Entomological Notices. 8vo. Lond. 1844, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


Descriptions of apparently new Species and Varieties of Insects and 
other Annulosa, principally from the Collection in the British 
Museum. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1843? Ent. Tracts. Vol.3. 


Remarks on the Synonyms of a Homopterous Insect described in the 
last number of the ‘ Annals.’ 8vo. Lond. 1845. 


Description of an apparently new Species of Longicorn Beetle from 
Mexico, in the Collection of the British Museum. Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist. 1845. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5. 


On some new Insects from China. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. 
Misc. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 


OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. li 


WuirTE (Stephen), Collateral Bee Boxes; or a new, easy and advantageous 
Method of managing Bees. Ina Vol. of Tracts. 8vo. Lond. 1756. 


WiEepEMANN (Christ. Rud. Wilh.), Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. 
Theil 1 und 2. 8vo. Hamm, 1828—1830. 


WILDMAN (Daniel), A Complete Guide for the Management of Bees throughout 
the Year. Ina Vol. of Tracts. 8vo. Lond. 1819. 

A Cornplete Guide for the Management of Bees throughout the Year. 
In a Vol. of Tracts from Hope. 8vo. Lond. 1775. 


Wickes (Benjamin), One hundred and twenty Copper-plates of English Moths 
and Butterflies, etc. 4to. Lond. 17—. 


Wirxinson (S. J.), The British Tortrices. 8vo. London, 1859. 


Wxson (James) and Duncan (James), Entomologia Edinensis, or a Description 
and History of the Insects found in the Neighbourhood of Edin- 
burgh.—Coleoptera. Svo. Edinburgh, 1834. 


Wouter (J. F.), Icones Cimicum, descriptionibus illustrate. Fase. 1—V. 4to. 
Erlange, 1800—1811. 
Another copy. 
Icones Cimicum, descriptionibus illustrate, Fasc. I and II. 4to. 
Erlange, 1800. 


Wo.taston (T. Vernon), On the Variation of Species, with especial reference 
to the Insecta; followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of 
Genera. 8vo. Lond. 1856. 


Insecta Maderensia; being an Account of the Insects of the Islands 
of the Madeiran Group. 4to. Lond. 1854. 


See Museum (Britisu), Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of 
Madeira in the Collection of the British Museum. 


Woop (W.), Index Entomologicus; or a complete Illustrated Catalogue, con- 
sisting of 1,944 figures, of the Lepidopterous Insects of Great 
Britain. 8vo. Lond. 1839. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9. 


Another copy. 
And Nos. 1—3 of another copy. 
WortincGE (J.), Vinetum Britannicum: or a Treatise of Cider, and other 


Wines and Drinks, &c., &c.; to which is added, a Discourse 
teaching the best way of improving Bees. 8vo. Lond. 1678. 


ZELLER (P.C.). See Lienie (F.) 
See STAINTON (H. T.). 


Die Knotenhornigen Phyciden nach ihren Arten beschrieben von 
P.C. Z. Oken’s Isis, 1846. Ent. Tracts. 4to. 


Die Gallerien und nackthornigen Phycideen. Oken’s Isis, 1848. Ent. 
Tracts. 4to. 


Exotische Phyciden. Oken’s Isis, 1849. Ent. Tracts. 4to. 


Lepidoptera Microptera, que J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum terra col- 
legit, descripsit P. C. Zeller. S8vo. Stockholm, 1852. 


Bemerkungen zu einigen Schlesien neuen Falterspecies. Ent, Tracts. 
Svo. 


hii CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY. 


ZETTERSTEDT (Joh. Wilh.), Orthoptera Svecie. 8vo. Lunde, 1821. 
Fauna Lapponica. Pars I. S8vo. Hammone, 1828. 
Insecta Lapponica. 4to. Lipsia, 1840. 


Diptera Scandinavie disposita et descripta. 11 Tom. 8vo. Lunde, 
1842—1852. 


ZIMMERMANN, Monographie der Carabiden. Erstes Stuck. Ent. Tracts. 
Vol. 3. Svo. Berlin, 1831. 


ZouskorF (B.), Description de quelques Coléoptéres nouveaux. .Bull. Soc. 
Imp. Nat. de Moscou, 1837. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 


BY-LAWS 
HNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
OF LONDON, 


ALTERED AND ADOPTED AT A SPECIAL MEETING 
HELD ON THE dru NOVEMBER, 1855. 


Cuap. I. Object. 
"THE EnToMoLociIcaL Society oF Lonpown is instituted for the 


improvement and diffusion of Entomological Science. 


Cuap. II. Constitution. 

The Society consists of British and Foreign Ordinary Members 
and Subscribers, the number of whom shall be unlimited; of 
Foreign Honorary Members, whose number shall not exceed ten; 
and of Foreign Corresponding Members, the number of whom shall 
be unlimited. 

Cuap. III. Management. 

The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council, con- 
sisting of thirteen Members, to be chosen annually (five of whom 
shall form a quorum), four of whom shall not be re-eligible for the 
following year. 


Cuap. 1V. Officers. 


The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President; three 
Vice-Presidents ; a Treasurer; two Secretaries; aud a Curator. 


Cuap. V. Annual Election of Officers. 


1. The President, Treasurer and Secretaries shall be elected 
annually out of the Council. The Vice-Presidents shall be nomi- 
nated by the President, at the Meeting next after the Anniversary 


B 


Dy BY-LAWS. 


Meeting, from the Council. The President and two of the Vice- 
Presidents shall not, however, remain in office more than two 
years successively. The Curator shall be appointed by the 
Council. 

2. In the event of any vacancy occurring in the Council or 
Officers of the Society, at the next Meeting of Council after such 
vacancy has been made known, the Council shall recommend to the 
Society the name of some Member to be elected to the. vacant 
situation; and the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society shall be 
made a Special General Meeting and the Members summoned 
accordingly, and the Election shall take place as provided for at 
the Anniversary Meeting, Chap. XX. 


Cuap. VI. President. 
The duty of the President shall be to preside at the Meetings of 


the Society and Council, and regulate all the discussions therein, 
and to execute, or see to the execution of, the By-Laws and orders 
of the Society. 


Cuap. VII. Vice-Presidents. 


1. In case of the absence of the President, it shall be the duty of a 
Vice-President to fill his place, or, in the absence of all the Vice- 
Presidents, a Member of the Council shall preside. 

2. If no Member of the Council shall be present at any Ordinary 
Meeting, the Members present shall nominate and appoint by a 
majority to be Chairman, such Member as they shall deem fit. 

3. The Chairman so appointed shall for the time being have all 
the authority, privilege and power of President. 


Cuap. VIII. Treasurer. 


1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to peceive for the use of 
the Society all sums of money payable to the Society, and to dis- 
burse all sums payable by the Society out of the funds in his 
hands. 

2. No payment exceeding £5, excepting for rent or taxes, shall 
be made by the Treasurer without the consent of the Council. 

3. The: Treasurer shall keep a book of Cheque Receipts for 
admission fees and annual payments ; each Receipt shall be signed 
by himself, the date of payment and name of Member or Subscriber 
paying being written both on the receipt and on the part of the 
cheque which is left in the book. 


BY-LAWS. 3 


4. The Treasurer shall demand all arrears of annual payment, 
after such payment shall have been due three months. 
_ 5. The Treasurer shall, moreover, furnish the Auditors with a 
detailed account of all receipts and disbursements up to the 31st 
December, previous to each Anniversary. The accounts of the 
Treasurer shall be audited annually previously to the Anniversary 
Meeting by a Committee of three Members of Council, and three 
Members of the Society, to be appointed by the President at the 
Ordinary first Meeting in January, of which Committee three shall 
be a quorum. 


Cuap. IX. Secretaries. 


1. It shall be the duty of the Secretaries to keep a list of all the 
Members, Subscribers, and Associates of the Society, together with 
their addresses; to produce to the Council all correspondence in 
any way connected with the Society at the next Meeting after such 
correspondence shall have been received, or taken place; to edit the 
Transactions and Proceedings under the direction of the Council, 
and to take care that the Proceedings are published and ready for 
delivery to the Members and Subscribers at a Meeting of the 
Society within six months after the entry of such Proceedings in 
the Minute Book has been confirmed. 

2. Minutes of the Proceedings of Monthly and Council Meetings 
shall be taken by one of the Secretaries; or, in their absence, by 
any Member whom the Chairman may appoint for the occasion. 

3. The Minutes shall be fairly copied by one of the Secretaries 
into a Minute Book, and at the next Meeting read aloud for con- 
firmation. 


CHAP. X. Curator. 


It shall be the duty of the Curator to take care of the Library 
and Cabinets of the Society; * to arrange and class the insects, 
&c.; to keep a Catalogue of the Library; and to call in all books 
borrowed, as directed in Sect. 5, Chap. XI. 


Cuap. XI. Library and Cabinet Regulations. 
1. A Catalogue of the Library and MSS. shall be kept by the 


Curator, with the names of the Donors. 


* The Curator is in attendance at the Rooms of the Society every Monday 
between the hours of Two and Seven o’clock, P.M., for the purpose of showing 
the Collections, &c. to Members and Subscribers. 

B2 


4 BY-LAWS. 


2, The Library and Cabinets shall be under the superintendence 
of a Committee, consisting of the President and four Members, 
who shall be elected by the Council at the first Meeting in February 
in every year (three of whom shall be a quorum), and who shall 
render an Annual Report to the Council at the first Meeting in the 
following January. 

3. No Member or Subscriber shall, without special permission 
of the Council, be allowed to borrow or have in his possession from 
the Library more than four volumes at one time, or to retain the 
same longer than one month, without leave of the Curator. 

4. If the books are torn, injured, lost, or not forthcoming when 
demanded by the Curator, full compensation shall be made for the 
same by the borrower. 

5. The Curator shall call in all books borrowed from the Library 
on the 5th day of January and 5th of July in every year; and in 
case the same be not returned on or before the General Meeting 
of the Society in the following month, notice thereof shall be given 
by him to the Council, who shall then direct a second notice to be 
sent to the Member or Subscriber retaining such books, and in 
case the same be not returned within the further space of four 
weeks from the date of such second notice so sent, such Member 
or Subscriber shall in future be disqualified from borrowing books 
from the Library without the special permission of the Council. 

6. All Members of and Subscribers to the Society shall have 
free access to the Library and Cabinets, at the time specified in 
the By-Laws, for the purpose of examination and description, 
and shall be allowed, with the permission of the Council, to borrow 
specimens from the collections for such purposes ; excepting that 
if a Member, Subscriber or Stranger present specimens of new 
insects to the Society with manuscript names attached, specifying 
his intention of publishing the same, then no individual, whether 
Member, Subscriber or Stranger, shall during the space of twelve 
months publish any description or figure of such specimen. 

7. No Stranger shall be allowed to see the Library or Cabinets 
unless introduced by a Member or Subscriber; but a note addressed 
to the Curator or Secretary shall be deemed a sufficient intro- 
duction. 

8. No Stranger shall be permitted to take away or to describe 
any insect, or to make a drawing of the same, except by special 
permission of the Council previously obtained. 


qn 


BY-LAWS. 


Cuap. XII. Election and Admission of Members and 
Subscribers. 


1. Every Candidate for admission into the Society shall be pro- 
posed by three or more Members, who must sign a Certificate in 
recommendation of him. 

2. The Certificate shall specify the name, and usual place of resi- 

ence of the Candidate. 

3. The Certificate for a Member, having been read at one of the 
Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the room, read again at 
the following Ordinary Meeting, and the person therein recom- 
mended shall be balloted for at the next Ordinary Meeting. 

4, The Certificate for a Subscriber, having been read at one of 
the Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the Room, and the 
person therein recommended shall be balloted for at the next Ordi- 
nary Meeting after such reading. 

5. The method of voting for the election of Members and Sub- 
scribers shall be by Ballot, and two-thirds of the Members balloting 
shall elect. 

6. The Elections of Ordinary Members shall be void unless the 
admission fee shall be paid within twelve months after the date of 
their Election ; the Council shall, however, possess a discretionary 
power to extend the time of payment. 

7. Members and Subscribers shall sign the Obligation Book of 
the Society at the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society at which 
they are present, and shall then be admitted by the President. 


Cuap. XIII. Admission Fee and Annual Contribution. 


1. The Admission Fee for Members shall be £2: 2s, the Annual 
Contribution £1: 1s. 

2. The Annual Contribution for Subscribers is £1: 1s., without 
Admission Fee. 

3. The composition in lieu of the Annual Contribution is 
£15: 15s.; the composition for Members: and Subscribers elected 
previous to the Ist January, 1852, is £10 : 10s. 

4, The Annual Contribution shall become due on the first day of 
January in every year in advance; but any Member or Subscriber 
elected after the 30th of September will not be called upon for his 
subscription for the remaining portion of that year. 


BS 


6 BY-LAWS. 


Cuar. XIV. Withdrawing and Removal of Members and 
: Subscribers. 


1. Every Member or Subscriber, having paid all fees due to the 
Society, shall be at liberty to withdraw therefrom upon giving notice 
in writing to the Secretary. 

2. Whenever written notice of a motion shall be delivered to the 
Secretary for removing any Member, or Subscriber, signed by the 
Chairman for the time being on the part of the Council or by five 
or more Members, such notice shall be read from the chair at the 
two Ordinary General Meetings immediately following the delivery 
thereof, and the next following Ordinary Meeting shall be made a 
Special General Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly, 
when such motion shall be taken into consideration and decided by 
ballot; whereat if a majority of the Members balloting shall vote 
that such Member or Subscriber be removed, he shall be removed 
from the Society. 

3. Whenever any Ordinary Member of the Society shall be in 
arrear for three years in the payment of his Annual Contribution, 
notice thereof in writing shall be given or sent to him by the Trea- 
surer, together with a copy of this section; and in case the same 
shall still remain unpaid, the Treasurer shall give notice thereof to 
the Council, who shall cause the name of such Member, together 
with a statement of the sum due by him for arrears, to be read at 
the three following Ordinary Meetings of the Society, after the last 
of which a second similar notice shall be sent to him, and at the 
fourth Ordinary Meeting such Member of the Society shall be re- 
moved, and the President shall erase his name from the List of 
Members. 

4. Whenever the Annual Contribution of a Subscriber shall be 
in arrear one year, such Subscriber shall have his name erased from 
the List of Subscribers and cease to belong to the Society. 


Cuar. XV. Privileges of Members and Subscribers. 


1. The Members have the right to be present, to state their 
opinion and to vote at all Meetings; to propose Candidates for 
admission into the Society ; to introduce Visitors at general Meet- 
ings of the Society; and to introduce scientific Strangers to the 
Library and Museum: to purchase the Transactions of the Society 
at reduced prices, and to have personal access to the Library and 
Museum, 


BY-LAWS. i 


2. No Member to introduce more than one Visitor. 

8. Ordinary Members of the Society resident more than fifteen 
miles from London shall be entitled to receive the Transactions 
gratuitously when their Annual Contribution has been paid. 

4, All the Honorary and Ordinary Members are eligible to any 
office in the Society, the latter provided they are not more than 
one year in arrear in the payment of the Annual Subscription. 

5. No Member shall be entitled to vote on any occasion until he 
shall have paid his subscription for the year last past. 

6. Subscribers enjoy all the privileges of Members excepting 
those of voting at the Meetings, holding office in the Society, and 
proposing Candidates. 

7. Subscribers have no claim upon or interest in the property of 
the Society. 


Cuap. XVI. Foreign Members. 


1. Every Foreigner who has distinguished himself as an Ento- 
mologist, or who has shown himself able and willing to promote the 
ends for which the Society is founded, may be elected a Foreign 
Member ; his Annual Contribution shall be £1: 1s., and he shall be 
entitled to the same privileges as other Members. 

2. Foreign Members shall not be required to sign the Obligation’ 
Book until present at an Ordinary Meeting of the Society, and 
when so present shall be admitted as other Members. 

3. Foreign Members shall be exempt from the payment of any 
Admission Fee. 

4. Foreigners and Residents abroad may be elected as Cor- 
responding Members, who shall not be subject to the payment of 
any Annual Contribution, and who shall be entitled to a copy of 
the Journal of Proceedings of the Society, but not to the Transac- 
tions; which, however, may be purchased by them at the reduced 
price paid by the Ordinary Resident Members. The Privileges of 
Corresponding Members shall however cease in case they shall at 
any future time be residents in the United Kingdom for the space 
of twelve months, unless sanctioned, in the case of any particular 
Member, by a special vote of the Council. 


Cuap. XVII. Honorary Members. 


1. Every person proposed as an Honorary Member shall be re- 
commended by the Council, and be balloted for, and elected, and 
be liable to be removed in the like form and manner, and be sub- 
ject to the same rules and restrictions, as an Ordinary Member. 


8 BY-LAWS. 


2. Honorary Members shall be exempted from the payment of 
Fees and Contributions; and shall possess all the privileges of 
Ordinary Members. 

3. No resident in Great Britain can be an Honorary Member, 
except William Spence, Esq., F.R.S. 


Cuar. XVIII. Meetings of the Society. 


1. The Ordinary General Meetings of the Society shall be held 
on the first Monday in each month in the year, beginning at eight 
o'clock precisely in the evening, or at such other time as the Council 
shall direct. 

2. At the Ordinary Meetings the order of business shall be as 
follows. 

1. The names of the Visitors allowed to be present at the 

Meeting shall be read aloud by the Chairman. 

2. The Minutes of the last Meeting shall be read aloud by 
one of the Secretaries, and proposed for confirmation by 
the Meeting, and signed by the Chairman. 

3. The Presents made to the Society since their last Meeting 
shall be announced and exhibited. 

4, Certificates in favour of Candidates for admission into the 

~ Society shall be read or submitted to ballot. 

5. Members and subscribers shall sign their names in the 
Obligation Book, and be admitted. 

6. Exhibitions of specimens, &c. shall be made. 

7. Entomological communications shall be announced and read 
either by the Author or one of the Secretaries. When the 
other business has been completed, the persons present 
shall be invited by the Chairman to make their observa- 
tions on the communications which have been read, and 
on the specimens or drawings which have been exhibited 
at the Meeting. 

3. The President shall have a discretionary power as to the 
Papers to be read at the Meetings of the Society ; and the Secre- 
taries, assisted by the President and any Member or Members of 
the Council, shall determine as to the priority in which such papers 
shall be read, and propriety of omitting any portion of the same. 

4, All Memoirs which shall be read at any General Meeting of 
the Society shali become the property of the Society, unless other- 
wise stipulated for previous to the reading thereof. 


BY-LAWS. 9 


5. No Motion relating to the government of the Society, its 
By-Laws, the management of its concerns, or the election, appoint- 
ment or removal of its Officers, shall be made at any Ordinary 
Meeting. 


Cuap. XIX. Special General Meeting. 


Upon the requisition of any six or more Members, presented to 
the President and Council, a Special General Meeting of the Society 
shall be convened, and any proposition to be submitted to such 
Meeting shall be stated at length in the Notice to Members. 


Cuap, XX. Annual General Meeting. 


1. The Annual General Meeting of the Society shall be held in 
the Meeting-room on the fourth Monday in January of every year. 

2. The objects of the Meeting shall be to choose the Council and 
Officers for the then ensuing year; and to receive from the Council, 
and hear read, their Annual Report on the general concerns of the 
Society. 

3. The Council for the time being shall annually cause to be 
prepared two written Lists, one of which (No. 1 in the Schedule 
hereto) shall contain the names of four Members, whom they shall 
recommend to be removed from, and of four other Members to be 
elected into the Council; and the other List (No. 2) shall contain 
the names of such Members as they shall recommend to fill the 
offices of President, Treasurer and Secretaries, for the year ensu- 
ing; which Lists shall be read at the Monthly Meeting in January, 
and shall then be fixed up in the Meeting-room until the day of 
election. And copies of such Lists shall be transmitted to every 
Member whose known residence shall be in London, or within 
twenty miles thereof, at least seven days before the Annual General 
Meeting shall take place. 

4. The Secretaries, assisted by the Treasurer, shall prepare a 
List of the Members entitled te vote, and each Member voting shall 
give his name to the Scrutineers to be marked on the said List. 

5. On the day of voting, each Member present shall put his 
balloting Lists into the respective Glasses to be provided for such 
occasion ; before doing which, however, in case he shall have added 
any name or names to the Lists proposed by the Council, he shall 
strike out the name or names of those persons recommended for 
whom he does not vote. And if more narnes shall be suffered to 


10 BY-LAWS. 


remain in any List than the number of persons to be elected or 
removed, such List shall be rejected. And in case the names 
suffered to remain shall be less than the number of vacancies to be 
supplied, those names only which shall remain in the List shall 
stand as voted for. 

6. The President shall appoint two or more Scrutineers from 
the Members present, not being Members of the Council, to super- 
intend the Ballots and report the results to the Meeting. 

7. The Ballot for the Council shall remain open for one quarter 
of an hour, at the least; and the Ballot for the Officers for one 
quarter of an hour, at the least, after the result of the Ballot for 
the Council shall have been declared. 

§. If from any cause an election shal] not take place of persons 
to fill the Council, or any of the offices aforesaid, then the election 
of the Council and Officers, or the election of Officers, as the case 
may be, shall be adjourned until the next convenient day, of which 
notice shall be given, in like manner as is directed for the Annual 
General Meeting. 

9. No Ballot, either for the election of Members or any other 
business, shall be taken unless nine Members are present. 


Cuarp. XXI. Transactions. 


1. The Transactions shall consist of Papers communicated to the 
Meetings of the Society. 

2. The Transactions shall be published quarterly, and at such 
prices as the Council shall direct for each Part or Volume; but 
the price for one copy of each Part or Volume, to each Member or 
Subscriber who shall have paid bis Annual Contribution for the 
year in which such Part or Volume shall be published, shall not 
exceed three-fourths of the price charged to the public. 

3. Foreign Members of the Society who shall have paid the 
Annual Subscription for the year, and Ordinary English Members 
and Subscribers resident more than: fifteen miles from London, 
shall be entitled to receive the Transactions of the Society pub- 
lished during the year without any further payment. 

4, The superintendence of the Publications shall be by a Com- 
mittee, which shall consist of thirteen Members to be appointed by 
the Council, including the President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, 
and Secretaries. 


BY-LAWS. 11 


5. The Committee of Publication shall consider every Paper 
which shall have been communicated to a General Meeting of the 
Society, and shall report to the Council thereon; but no Paper 
shall be reported on at any Meeting of the Committee unless there 
shall be three or more Members present: and such Committee 
shall be convened by the Secretary every third month or oftener, 
when all papers read since the last Meeting of Committee shall be 
produced and referred. 

6. Authors of Memoirs to be published in the Transactions shall 
be allowed 25 copies of their communications with uncoloured 
plates, gratis. If any additional number be required, the entire 
expense thereof-and the colouring of all plates to be paid for by 
the Authors. 

7. A Journal of Proceedings of the Society shall also be pub- 
lished quarterly or half-yearly, containing Abstracts of the Papers 
read and Notices of other Matters communicated at the Ordinary 
Meetings of the Society, which Journal, together with the Transac- 
tions, shall be edited by the Secretaries, or one of them, and shall 
be bound up and sold with the Transactions. 


Cuap. XXII. Alteration of the By-Laws. 


Any of the By-Laws of the Society may at any time be repealed, 
or altered and amended, or others adopted in lieu thereof, at any 
Meeting of the Society, to be specially summoned in pursuance of 
Notice to be given to the President and Council, to be signed by 
six Members at least, such Notice to specify the intended repeal or 
alteration, and to be read at three General Meetings of the Society 
previous to such Special Meeting. 


12 BY-LAWS. 


THE SCHEDULES REFERRED TO IN CHAPTER XX. 
OF THE PRECEDING BY-LAWS. 


No. l. 
Form of the List for the Council. 


List of Four Members of the present Council recommended by the 
present Council to be removed at the Election on the day 
of January, 18 — 


A. B. | 
Cau. | 
E. F, 
G: Hi. 


List of Four Members recommended to be elected into the Council. 
LK: 
LM: 
NO. 
P..Q. 


Not'?2; 
Form of the List for the Officers. 
List of Persons recommended by the present Council to be ap- 
pointed to the offices of President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of 


the Society, at the Election on the day of January, 18 .* 
Presidentieneeacer cn Re Se 

reasunene ccielemics cick Su Glee 

Secretaries...... a ; ie ne 


* If any of the Names in these Lists be objected to, they must be struck out 
previons to the Ballot, and other Names substituted in the blank spaces left for 
that purpose. 


London: printed by C. Roworth & Sons, Bell Yard, Temple Bar. 


TRANSACTIONS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 


oF 


LON DON. 


I. Notes on South American Butterflies. By H. W. 
Bates, Esq., Cor. Memb. Ent. Soc., London. 


[Read September 7th, 1857.] 


Tue following notes were communicated by Mr. Bates in a letter 
to Mr. Adam White, dated Ega, 20th May, 1857; and being 
the record of observations made on the insects in their native 
haunts, it is thought that they will not be devoid of interest to the 
Entomological Society :— 


Papilio Caudius is the ¢ of Papilio Torquatus. It appears 
scarcely credible, but I once found a pair in cop. Caudius is 
found in the forest, Torquatus in the sunshine of open places, but 
in very damp weather both are found together at flowers on the 
borders of the woods. 


Heliconide.—I reared Heliconia erato at Cameta; the larve are 
spinose, like the Vanessa, &c., and the chrysalis suspended by the 
tail. This family I look upon as mostly a modern creation, the 
species unfixed, very susceptible of change, in conjunction with 
the least modification of local circumstance; but these theo- 


os 


VOL, V. N. S» PART I.—FEB. 1859, ‘ B 


2 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Votes 


retical notions, I suppose, you do not care about. The neura- 
tion of the wings in many Mechanites and Ithomie differs in 
different individuals of the same species; therefore, Mr. Hewit- 
son should not rely so much upon it.* I have found a good 
many in cop., and the sexes have always had the closest resem- 
blance in colour and markings. They are very gregarious in 
habits. A solitary species of Mechanitis or Ithomia im a locality 
is seldom, or rather never seen: there are always- two or more 
nearly allied species flying together. his is a very strange fact. 
There are two species of large, brown, elongate-winged Jthomie, 
something like T'hyridia ; one species has one black bar across 
the wing, the other two. They are always found in company 
up the Tocantius, up the Tapajos, on the islands in the Amazon, 
and again at Ega. Jthomia vestilla is always accompanied by 
I. Sao. 

H. Melpomone varies in a curious manner. Here, the other 
day, I took a pair in copulation, the female of which had red and 
black striped hind wings (like many species of the genus). What 
is very strange in this species is, that in ascending the river, it 
becomes more liable to vary. It first appears at Santarem, where, 
in a hundred specimens, you will only find the typical form, 
namely, a simple crimson belt on the fore wings. In Abydos, in 
a hundred specimens, perhaps twenty will have the crimson band 
broken in various ways. In Serpa nearly all the individuals are 
variations of the typical form. ; 

I have no doubt they are hybrids (7. e. tle varieties), and I can 
almost point out the species with which it hybridates. Strange to 
say, the hybrids occur in one district and not in another, and one 
style of hybrid only occurs in one district and not in the others, 
the species being equally abundant in all the districts. 


Agrias.—I think the most magnificent group of Nymphalide in 
South America. They are very bold, strong, and rapid flyers ; 
not at all like the Catagramme and Callithee inthis respect, but 
like the Paphie@ and Prepone. They fly for a short distance with 
inconceivable rapidity, and then settle on a leaf high up a tree, on 
a trunk of a tree where sugary sap is oozing, or at filth of some 
kind on the ground, with their wings erect, and are not very 


* Mr. Hewitson is quite aware that the sexes of the same species of Ithomia 
sometimes differ in the position of the nervures of the posterior wing; he has, 
nevertheless, perfect faith in the different arrangement of the said nervures as a 


sure guide by which to discriminate closely allied species.—W. C. H. 


on South American Butter flies. 3 


easily scared away. The Paphie and Prepone are exactly simi- 
lar in manners. . The larve, I have no doubt, are of the same 
form as that of Apatura Iris. I have bred a Prepona, the larva 
was naked, and the head of similar shape to Apatura. These 


genera and their allies form a Very natural group in the Nympha- 
lide. 


Callithea Sapphira.—At the end of the dry season (end of De- 
cember) this butterfly became very scarce on the wing, and the 
specimens were worn and faded. About the 12th of January its 
larvee appeared in great numbers in the woods, feeding upon the 
leaves of young trees of various species. The larva is very 
beautifully banded with metallic violet colour and orange-red, 
and bristled with long, branching spines of the metallic colour, 
two of which, arising from the head, are three times the length of 
those arising from the body. At the beginning of February they 
generally changed into the pupa state, and about the middle of 
the month the perfect butterfly appeared, in beautiful dress and 
in great profusion, but only for a few days, for, with the continua- 
tion of the heavy rains in T’ebruary and March, it disappeared 
again. I reared both the C. Sapphira and the C. Leprieurii. The 
larva of the latter is in the same way as that of the former spinose, 
but its colours are different, being banded with bluish black and 
greyish pallid green. The pupa is distinguished from that of 
Sapphira by having a few black spines. 

The flight of C. sapphira is slow in comparison with all other 
Nymphalide. It settles frequently, and seeks the foliage of trees 
at a height of from ten to twenty feet from the ground. The 
female settles lower, but is very wary, and apt to escape into the 
thicket on being disturbed. The male is quicker in flight, and 
very rarely descends within reach of a moderate-sized net. 

The Catagramme are more rapid and arrowy in flight than the 
Callithee. They repose on the trunks of trees, and are very 
much attracted by odours and filth on the ground, also by the 
sugary sap on the trunks of standing trees; they are much more 
wary than the d4grias, but still, in certain states of the weather, 
are not so difficult of approach as many other kinds of Nympha- 
lides, as the Epicalice and Cybdeles, especially C. Castalia, which 
is the wariest butterfly I ever knew. 


Cybdelis (?) Pharsalia, Hewits.—This is not a Cybdelis ; it is 

a new generic form coming near Callithee. Its habits and mode 

of flight are very much like those of the Callithee. It frequents, 
BE2 


4 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Notes 


however, more frequently the moist margins of the water on 
sandy beaches (the Callithee do so sometimes), is very wary, 
and flies off in a sailing, circular manner to the borders of the 
forest, where it settles high up on the foliage. It is rare at Ega, 
and I did not see it on my excursion to Tunantins, 


Caerois chorineus.—I have found one or two of this species at 
Ega, and one at Tunantins. One I took on the Cupari, up the 
Tapajos; so that it is widely distributed, but it is one of the 
rarest of butterflies. The figure in Cramer is bad, as the caudal 
lobe is represented as turned in a wrong direction, I suppose 
some one has by this time discovered the curious structure of the 
fore leg in g@ : it has the tibia and tarsus reduced to a rudi- 
mentary hook-shaped joint, like the Mechanites and Ithomie. 
The mode of flight of the species is exactly that of the larger 
brown Satyri, slow and heavy, near the ground, threading the 
shadiest thickets, and reposing on a leaf, wings erect, closed. 


Mesosemie.—The Mesosemie form, with a few allied genera, a 
sub-family of Erycinide, nearly approaching the Satyride. Their. 
neuration is after a distinct type. 

The true Mesosemie are rather feeble in flight, but sustain 
themselves on the wing longer before settling than any other of 
the Lrycinide: nearly all settle on the upper surface of leaves, 
with the wings held half erect. Two or three species, however, 
amongst them M. Cresus, fly rather more rapidly, and settle 
underneath leaves with the wings horizontal, like the genus 
Nymphidium. All are found in the shades of the forest, never 
even by exception being seen in open grounds; some are only 
found in the gloomiest shades of the virgin forest; unogyra 
Satyrus, for instance, which flies very near the ground and settles 
under leaves only a few inches above it, the wings held horizon- 


tally. 


Nymphidium, Lemonias, Emesis, Symmachia.—Al\ these and 
many other forms are genera of the sub-family Nymphydine, 
distinguished by their neuration, and found in thinned parts of 
the forest or on its borders; their flight very short and not rapid, 
settling always on the underside of leaves with the wings held 
horizontally. The species are not so local in their distribution as 
most other genera of E’rycinide, We have several species com- 
mon at all the stations I have visited, as may have been observed 
in the collections I have sent home to England. 


on South American Butterflies. 3 


The Lemonias, as figured on a plate by Mr. Hewitson, are a 
strange mixture :* there are a few species (L. Pythia is one) which, 
in style of colours, shape of hind wings, and mode of holding the 
wings in repose, are sufficiently distinct from the typical Nymphi- 
dia to be separated from them. They are found only in the 
virgin forest, fly low and by rapid jerks, and, settling on under- 
surfaces of leaves near the ground, hold their wings perpendicu- 
larly. The females differ much from the males. 


Tharops, Doubl.—The metallic-coloured Nymphidie, 1 think, 
are a distinct group, and may be kept separate; their flight is 
extremely rapid, they are found only at the borders of the forest, 
and sometimes settle on flowers. Their wings are always held 
horizontally. 


Anatole, Doudl., I also consider a distinct group, a genus of 
charming little creatures; they are found more m the centre of 
the forest, their flight rapid, wings horizontal in repose. Lemo- 
nias Irene, L. Rhodope, and two others, figured by Mr. Hewitson 
as Lemonie, I should consider Anatoles. Irene and another large 
species of similar colours I took at Ega, in the very centre of the 
forest, in a moist dell by the banks of a rivulet; they are very 
rare. ‘Their flight and mode of repose is exactly that of Anatole. 
The female of Jrene I have also found: it differs more from the 
male in colours than the female of white Nymphidie differ from 
their males, 


Emesis.—The three or four species I have found are more 
rapid and jerky in their flight than the preceding, and are chiefly 
found at the borders of the forest and at flowers. Their mode of 
holding the wings in repose is the same as Tharops, &c. Although 
the neuration of the wings is identical with the preceding genera, 
their palpi distinguishes them quite sufficiently. 


The Symmachie are very similar to the Emesis in their habits, 
as they are in structure. ‘The two gilded green species found at 
Ega are very abundant at certain seasons; the females are found 
only at flowers on the borders of the forest, in company with the 


* The mixture is from good authority. The genus is Mr, Westwood’s, who 
could find no characters by which to separate the species composing the genera 
Tharops and Anatole from the other species of Lemonius. It would be a mistake 
to separate Lemonias Irene and Lb, Pithia of that plate from each other,— . 
W..G. Hi, 


6 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Wotes 


Emesis (exceedingly rare, however), but the males accompany the 
Cybdeles to the moist margins of the river, where they settle and 
flit about the damp sand, sometimes by hundreds, forming a charm- 
ing sight as you can well imagine. 

Pupe of Erycinide.—l. have met with pupa of three genera 
only, viz. Zeonia, Eurygona and Stalachthis ; the two former were 
secured to leaves by the tail, but laid horizontally on the leaf, with 
a fine silken thread passed over the body. The chrysalides of both 
have two faces; the under or ventral face is naked and flat, whilst 
the upper is convex and pubescent, most distinctly so in Eury- 
gona. In Stalachthis it is secured by the tail only, but is in- 
clined towards the leaf, and not suspended horizontally, as in the 
Nymphalide. 

Lymnas.—1 have taken six or seven species of this genus; 
they are all rare, and two of them are single specimens, which I 
have not yet sent to England. 1 exclude from the genus the 
specimens figured by Mr. Hewitson as L. vitula, on account of its 
different neuration. The true Lymnas (L. electron and allies) 
present two nervules emitted from the subcostal nervure before 
the end of the cell, in the fore-wings; whereas L. vitula has one 
nervule before and one after the end of the cell. In their mode 
of flight also the two forms differ. All the true Lymnas have a 
very rapid but short flight, settling, with wings extended, on the 
under surface of leaves of the lower trees on the borders of the 
pathways in the woods of second growth, while L. vitula flies slow 
and heavily, settling generally on the upper surface of the leaves. 
The only locality where I have found the Lymnas rather plenti- 
fully is the thinned dry woods of Santarem; in fact, in the same 
limited strip of wood where only in all the region Callithea Sap- 
phira is found. In-company with Z. electron there were two or 
three very similar species, differing only in the colour of the spot 
on fore wings, and the red spots at base of wings. They were all 
flying together, and it struck me at the time that they were 
probably varieties, but as I never detected them promiscuously in 
copula, there is no alternative but to keep them separate at pre- 
sent. I have so often seen two or more closely allied species 
flying together, and yet keeping themselves perfectly distinct, 
that I find it safer to consider small differences as separate species, 
until positive proof offers of the contrary. I find when mono- 
. graphers at home are inclined to group apparent varieties together 
as one species on their own responsibility, they often make mis- 


on South American Butterflies. a 


takes. The system of separating after all leads to less confusion ; 
for instance, some of our friends considered Megacephala cruciata 
and M. bifasciata as one species, but how beautifully distinct they 
are in reality, when we know the fact that MW. cruciata is confined 
to the Lower Amazons, or as far as Barra inclusive, and M. bifas- 
ciata to the Upper Amazons, all the hundreds of individuals I 
have met with offering the same points of difference respectively ! 
Lymnas vitula is very common along the alleys in the forest at 
Ega in the showery seasons, June, July, November, January. 
The only other locality in which I have met with it is Areyros, 
on the Tapajos, but all the individuals found there are different in 
colour from the E-ga ones, 


The beautiful Zeonia, of which I sent you a fine series last 
July, I met with in a part of the forest near Ega, which 1 had 
traversed and examined before, many times, in all seasons. The 
first specimen I found was a straggler in a different part of the 
forest. On July 2Ist, after a month of unusually dry and hot 
weather, in ascending a slope in the forest by a broad pathway 
mounting from a moist hollow, choked up with monstrous arums 
and other marsh plants, I was delighted to see another of what 
had always been so exceedingly rare a group of butterflies ; it 
crossed the path in a series of rapid jerks, and settled on a leaf 
close before me. Before I had secured it, [ saw another, and then 
shortly after a third. I mounted to the summit of the slope, fol- 
lowed a branch pathway which led along the brow of the ridge, 
without seeing any more, but returned again to examine well the 
exact spot where I had captured the three, for it very often 
happens that a species is confined to a few square yards of space 
in the vast forest, which to our perceptions offer no difference 
throughout its millions of acres to account for the preferenee. I 
entered the thicket from the pathway, and a few yards therein 
found a small sunny opening, where many of the Zeonia were 
flitting about from one leaf to another, meeting one another, 
gamboling and fighting; their blue transparent tinge, brilliant 
crimson patch and long tails, all very visible in the momentary 
intervals between the jerks in their flight. I was very busy, you 
may imagine, at first in securing a supply of specimens ; I caught 
perhaps 150, two-thirds of which fell to pieces m the bottom of 
the net, so fragile is their texure. I then paused to look around 
the locality, and endeavour to find the larvae and pupe. I walked 
through the thicket in all directions, and found the space peopled 
by the species was not more than from, twenty to thirty square 


8 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Notes 


yards in extent, but within this space they were innumerable; up the 
trees, so far as the eye could reach, the leaves were peopled with 
them ; it is possible the brood belonged to some one tree. The only 
two pupe | could find, it is true, were on two distinct kinds of trees, 
but this is no proof that the larva may not have fed on one tree 
only. I was disappointed at not finding the larva, although I 
searched well during this and the three following days; on the 
second day the butterflies were ‘still coming out; on the third 
they were much fewer, and nearly all worn; and on the fourth 
day I did not see a single perfect specimen, and not a dozen 
altogether. 

During all the time I worked the neighbourhood of the city of 
Parad I found but one specimen of a Zeonta. This was in 1848 ; 
the next time I saw the genus was at Altar do Chao, where I 
took a few of a very small long-tailed species, at flowers. At 
Ega, a few miles up the Teffi, I took one of another very hand- 
some species at flowers, very distinct from all the others. 


Syrmatia.—This very week I have captured the first specimen 
Ihave seen of this genus. It is very small and delicate, the tails 
excessively long and twisted, but I secured it quite perfect ; it 
had doubtless just escaped from the pupa case, and fell motionless 
to the bottom of my net. It is a form intermediate between 
Zeonia and Isapis, in fact, a little Zsapis, with tails. Its flight is 
exactly that of the Zeonia, progressing by vertical jerks ; it crossed 
the path from the thicket on one side to a low tree, then, before I 
could reach it, started off again to a palm frond, where it rested 
on the under surface, gently fanning its wings like the Zeonra. 


Charis.—I place in this genus a few species (seven or eight) 
which agree in their rather elongate wings of dark brown or 
blackish colours, with more or less of a silvery border; some of 
them are extremely common at all places on the Amazons, and in 
all seasons, every day in the year; for when the weather is so 
cold and gloomy that no other butterfly will appear these are sure 

' to be seen along the forest paths, flitting about the foliage, settling 
frequently and reposing a long time, generally on the upper sur- 
face of the leaves, with the wings half raised. One or two of the 
species, however, alight at once on the under surface of leaves. 
They are not averse to the sun’s beams, for in any sunny opening, 
wherever in fact a ray of sunshine pierces the forest canopy and 
illumines the sombre shades beneath, two or more males of these 
merry little fellows are sure to be seen fighting furiously in the 


on South American Butterflies. 9 


beam of light. It is the species with the snowy white fringes 
which I have always seen thus occupied. 


Panara Barsacus was very common at Altar do Chao on the 
Tapajos ; it occurs at Ega also, but much more rarely. Its flight 
is rapid and short, always near the ground, settling invariably on 
the under surface of leaves, with the wings horizontal. I see 
no difference whatever between the Ega and the Tapajos spe- 
cimens of this species. 


Calydne.—The metropolis of the Calydne@ is Altar do Chao, or, 
to speak more physical-geographically, the dry forests of the sandy 
region of the lower Tapajos; ascending the Tapajos they dis- 
appear, but are again in great numbers as to individuals (but 
some of the species wanting) at Villa Nova, which is very similar 
in physical character to the Tapajos region. At Obydos I believe 
I did not meet with more than one species; at Ega and Barra 
they are almost unknown ; at Ega, in fact, I have only met with 
one specimen of the species most generally distributed about the 
country (not figured in Hewitson’s plate). Strange to say, several 
of the species occur at Tunantins, which fact I can only explain 
by considering that the soil is of the same light and sandy nature 
at this place as at Villa Nova, whilst at Ega and at Obydos it is 
clayey. They frequent a peculiar sweet smelling inconspicuous 
blossom on the borders of the forest ; these blossoms are found 
at Ega, as well as the other localities. I have about thirteen 
species ; they form a distinct and natural genus in the sub-family 
Nymphidine,—identical, I think, in neuration with Nymphidium, 
Anatola, Tharops, Theope, Lemonias, Emesis, Symmachia, Charis, 
Mesene, Beotis, and many other genera. These sub-families only 
confuse. The palpi are different from those of Nymphidium. As 
to the legs, I do not think they will offer stable characters in the 
family Erycinide. The female of one species, Calydna Calamisa, 
has the fore legs of a very peculiar form, the terminal joint of the 
tarsi being very large and oval; but I do not attach much im- 
portance to this, as similar strange aberrations of form in the fore 
legs are found without reference to other signs of affinity here and 
there in this family, as well as in the T’hecle. All the Calydne 
have a short but excessively rapid flight; the eye cannot follow 
them in their movements ; they are found only in the very hottest 
and dryest weather, when the herbage on the open campos is 
withered by the inevitable daily sun for many weeks into a yellow 
dust, and almost all other animal life is hushed into languid repose. 


10 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Wotes 


When many other tribes, and whole orders of insects (as Coleop- 
tera), have long ceased to appear, after two or three months’ 
absence of rain, these charming little butterflies are in their 
element, flitting about with restless activity. At Altar do Chao I 
have seen many scofes in a walk along the parched dusty alleys of 
the forest, in the month of November. Some of them settle on 
the upper surface of the leaves, as C. Calitas, gently opening and 
closing their wings during the brief intervals of their repose, 
others alight at-once on the under surface in the manner of the 
Tharops, &c. ; whilst others, as C. Charila and C. Caieta, are more 
especially fond of the sweet smelling blossoms above mentioned. 
When on the Tapajos I used to see three or four at a time im- 
bibing the sweets in company with the Tapajos Zeonia, several 
Theclas, and sometimes an Odontocera Mesene. 1 think this will 
_prove a natural group of butterflies, allied to Anatole on one side, 
but distinguished from them by the shortness of the palpi, and to 
Charis on the other, from which they will have to be distinguished 
by their colours and facies. I do not know the species which are 
included in the several genera. In my collection here I have 
nineteen species which I consider Mesene ; all are small butterflies 
of bright and trenchant colours ; all are found in woods of second 
growth, reposing with wings horizontal on the under side of 
leaves, and all are identical in point of neuration with Nymphi- 
dium, &c. Some of the species are very common, and generally 
distributed throughout the Amazons, and are the first insects one 
meets with on entering the woods behind the villages. ‘Their 


flight is nimble, like that of the Nymphidiine generally. 


Theclide.—In the immediate vicinity of Para, the Thecle are 
in astonishing variety, although the number of individuals of each 
species is very sparing. They people chiefly those parts of the 
forest of second growth which have once been plantations of fruit 
and coffee trees, and which are now overgrown by scattered 
bushes, young trees, or dense thickets of Melastome, Tucuma 
and Maraja palms, myrtles, mimose, &c.; but as they occur only 
in certain states of the weather, and are very local in their distri- 
bution, it requires long practice to collect them successfully. 
During the months of August and September, 1851, I paid very — 
close attention to the Z’heclid@, and succeeded in taking about 
eighty distinct species, after pairing fourteen or fifteen dissimilar 
sexes. All the species are remarkably alike in their habits, and 
do not differ in this respect from the European species. They fly 
by jerks, sometimes skipping backwards and forwards, and settle 


on South American Butterflies. 1] 


frequently low on the leaves of bushes or Lycopodiz. Sometimes 
I have seen them on the flowers of Melastome, which at rare 
intervals adorn these beautiful woods. The common 7. Marsyas 
is frequently seen, but only in open grounds and road sides, where 
its soft and delicate blue is an ornament to the surrounding 
verdure. The large and rich species 7’. Imperialis and T. Regalis, 
on the contrary, are only found in the virgin forest, in some nooks 
along the pathways, where some opening in the umbrageous vault 
above admits the rays of the sun. 


12 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


II. On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 
Part 1V. By Francis P. Pascoz, Esq., F.L.S., &e. 


As descriptions of many of Mr. Wallace’s Aru Longicorns are 
contained in the present Part, it may be, perhaps, interesting to 
make a few remarks on his general collection of Coleoptera from 
that island, including the adjacent one of Key. The first glance at 
once showed a complete dissimilarity of forms to those we are 
accustomed to see from Australia: group after group marked its 
Indian island character, and it was only after a close inspection 
that here and there an Australian form might be noticed. 

Premising that I have only attempted a very slight sketch, as 
there were too many unpublished forms to allow of going into 
many details, I commence with the Cicindelide. This family was 
represented by Tricondyla, and Therates, no true Cicindela being 
present. Carabide were few in number, and belonged chiefly to 
Lebia and its allies. Staphylinide were also few, and not re- 
markable. 

Nothing has struck me so much in all Mr. Wallace’s ‘ island” 
collections as the paucity of Lamellicornes. There are generally 
a few individuals of the cosmopolite Onthophagus and Oryctes, 
and perhaps some eight or ten Cetoniade, but rarely more than 
two or three examples of each. Anoplognathus, Phyllotocus, Di- 
phucephala, Liparetrus, and other common Australian genera of this 
order, are wholly wanting. 

Of the Malacoderms there were upwards of forty species, all 
rather small, and none particularly striking. The Cleride were 
entirely represented by Stigmatium and Ommadius, genera very 
abundant in the Indian Archipelago. 

Three or four species of Chrysodema, gems even amongst the 
Buprestide, Melanophila, Agrilus, Trachys, and one Melobasis, 
comprised the whole of the family from Aru; nota single Castia- 
rina, or any of its allies, so common in the very poorest Austra- 
lian collections. Llateride were fairly represented, and had two 
or three’curious forms among them. 

The number of Melasomes appears to be very limited in the 
Indian islands; the Aru collection contained two or three obscure 
species of Opatrum, and few of the other Heteromera were common. 
Mordella, the most abundant genus, had six species; and of 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 13 


Amarygmus, extending from Australia to Java, and even India, 
there were three or four. 

Anthribide, the most characteristic group of the Indian Archi- 
pelago, seem to abound in Aru, there being not less than twenty- 
four species in the collection; it will be recollected that the 
Ecelonerus bifasciatus, Hope, is almost the only species of this 
family which we obtain from Australia. Brentide, too, were 
tolerably numerous; ten very interesting species being present. 
The common Australian genus Belus was represented by a single 
individual, which I believe is new. Among the Curculionide, Al- 
cides was the most numerous in species; Orthorhynchus appeared 
to be common in Aru as in Australia, although the number of 
specimens was small; Afecopus was also frequent. Of the splendid 
Papuan Lupholi there were only two species, one of which, from 
Key, was new; they are probably excessively local. 

The most abundant of the Australian longicorn genera, whether 
in species or in individuals, Phoracantha, was represented by a 
single specimen of P. biguttata, Don.; another longicorn also 
common to both countries was Monohammus holotephrus, Bois. 
Of other hitherto purely Australian genera belonging to this 
great order (of which there were 109 species in the collection), 
Penthea and Symphyletes alone were represented—that is, if the 
Zygocera published by Mr. ‘Thomson be a true species of that 
genus: on the other hand, there was a considerable accession of 
species to many Indian forms, e. g. Merioneda, Iolea, Driopea, 
Cacia, Gyaritus, Phlyarus, Cereopsius, Praonetha, Ropica, &e. Of 
the Papuan Z'mesisternus there was not less than twenty species. 
Among other described species belonging to this order were 
Monohammus scabrosus, Ol.; Macrotoma Luzonica, F.; Calli- 
chroma Dorycus, Bois.; Clytus glaucinus, Bois.; C. Australis, 
Bois. ; Cylindrepomus nigro-fasciatus, Bois.; Cacia Vanikorensis, 
Bois. ; Glenea viridinotata, Bl.; and several T'mesisterni,* includ- 
ing the splendid Sphingnotus mirabilis, Bois. By far, however, 
the finest insect in the collection was a noble Batocera, which, 
with its antennz, was not less than ten inches in length; this has 
been most worthily dedicated to Mr. Wallace. 

There were five Endomychide, a family which is not, as yet, 
known to occur in Australia. 


* My genus Arrhenotus (ante, vol. iv. p. 242), proposed on the supposition of 
Sphingnotus mirabilis being a true Tmesisternus, the only one with which I was 
then acquainted, being erroneous, Arrhenotus must be cancelled, and its species, 
Wallacei, be referred to Tmesisternus, 


14. Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Finally, among the Phytophaga, Coptocycla was the most con- 
spicuous genus, the Australian Paropsia not being represented. 

This is not the place to enter into any details not connected with 
Entomology, but I cannot avoid expressing my conviction that 
the debateable ground between the Indian and Australian Faunas 
will be the northern or tropical portion of Australia itself, New 
Guinea belonging zoologically to the Indian Archipelago, to which 
it is closely connected through the Amboynas and the islands on 
its western coast ; its almost equatorial! position, too, favouring the 
probability of its productions being more analogous to those of 
the torrid zone than to those of the temperate regions of Australia. 
In accordance with this view we should expect to find many 
Indian forms in Northern Australia, and to some extent we already 
know this to be the case. 

Amongst the many new species described in the present Part, I 
have had very reluctantly to propose several new genera, but in 
accordance with what appears to be the modern view of consider- 
ing every primary group of species a genus, this was unavoidable. 
The characters upon which they are founded may be often con- 
sidered very slight, but putting aside the fact that many of the 
specimens were unique, or from their rarity too valuable to be 
injured by dissection, it still appears to me that any attempt to 
assume a monographic completeness at present is premature in the 
face of a constant succession of new species. Without dwelling 
on this point, except to suggest whether, after all, the importance 
of generic characters is not somewhat overrated, considering the 
various modifications to which they are subject, and which in 
many cases deprive them of all force, it is evident from the 
vast accumulation of undescribed species in our collections that if 
they are ever to receive names (in our time at least), and without 
which no progress, so far as they are concerned, can be made, we 
must be’satisfied to see them accompanied by comparatively slight 
descriptions ; but unless we consider minute analyses of individual 
forms to be the Alpha and Omega of Entomology, this is not much 
to be regretted? Long descriptions are practically an evil, how- 
ever much we may admire the ability of the describer. 


Mallodon figuratum. 


M. piceus; prothorace lato, depresso, marginibus crenatis, 
disco minutissime punctato, figura bi-triangulari polita medio, 
fasciaque basin versus, exceptis; scutello punctato, mar- 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 15 


gine levi; elytris intricato-impressis ; pedibus rugoso-punc- 
tatis, femoribus tibiisque armatis. 

Australia (Sydney). 

Pitchy, paler toward the end of the elytra; head, mandibles 
and first four or five basal joints of the antennze coarsely punc- 
tured; prothorax broad, depressed, irregularly crenate at the 
sides, minutely but closely punctured, the disc having a raised 
triangular coarsely punctured polished patch, which is united to 
its fellow at the inner basal angle, a slight stem connecting it below 
with a scroll which runs along at the base, and is reflected up- 
wards at the sides; scutellum finely punctured, the posterior 
margin smooth; elytra with intricate impressions as if worm- 
eaten; legs roughly punctured; thighs beneath and tibize exter- 
nally armed with small spines. 

Length 25 lines. 

The figure on the prothorax, like the leaf of the Bauhinia, and 
the heraldic scroll beneath, will at once distinguish this Madlodon. 


Mallodon fulvipenne. 


M. brunneum, nitidum; elytris fulvo-testaceis, vermiculato- 
impressis, marginibus elevatis. 


Aru. 
Mas.—Capite mandibulisque peramplis ; prothorace antice 
latiore. 


Feem.—Cap. mand. parvis; proth. postice latiore. 


Reddish brown, shining ;- head very coarsely punctured, a deep 
impression between the eyes; prothorax nearly impunctate, the 
sides almost entire, the posterior angle in the female produced 
and hollowed out above; elytra pale fulvous, with shallow but 
rather coarse, confluent impressions, sutural and external mar- 
gins with a narrow raised border; tips of the mandibles and claws 
dark brown. 

Length ( ¢ ) 22 lines; (2) 12 lines. 

This and Macrotoma Luzonica, F., were the only Prionide in 
Mr. Wallace’s Aru collection. 


Macrotoma gemella. 


M. castaneo-fusca; prothorace confertim punctato, lateribus 
discoque plagis vermiculato-rugosis; elytris testaceo-brun- 
neis ; scutello marginato, levi, lateribus punctatis. 


Australia (prope Sydney), 


16 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Dark chesnut brown; head, between the eyes, with coarse scat- 
tered punctures ; prothorax transverse, narrowed and somewhat 
rounded anteriorly, the sides crenated, finely and closely punc- 
tured, two roundish patches on the disc meeting at the median 
line, and three others of irregular form at the side, corrugated as 
if worm-eaten ; scutellim pentagonal, with a smooth raised 
border; elytra testaceous brown, with very numerous and intri- 
cate shallow impressions and points; femora and tibize armed 
with a double row of spines beneath; under surface finely punc- 
tured, except the posterior margins of the abdominal segments, 
the second, third and fourth with an impressed spot at the side. 

Length 26 lines. 

Very near M. pallens, Bl., MS.? but there the prothorax is 
uniformly punctured. 


Lissonotus Shepherdi. 


L. ater, nitidus; elytris truncatis, angulo suturali integro, 
exteriori in spina productis, fascid ante medium interrupta, 
coccinea. 

Para. 

Closely resembles L. equestris, but the fascia does not extend to 
the suture, nor is the sutural angle rounded; the spine is also 
more produced. 

Length 7 lines. 

Wedicated to our Secretary, to whose in detatioaic attention the 
Society is deeply indebted. 


Caragenia sericata. 


C. fulvo-miniacea, sericeo-pubescens; prothorace rugoso, tu- 
berculis duobus nigris disco instructis ; elytris postice nigre- 
scentibus emarginatis apiculatis; femoribus intermediis pos- 
ticisque spinosis. 

Para: 

Fulvous red, with a silky pubescence, prothorax rugose, with 
two black tubercles on its disc, and a short lateral spine ; elytra 
rather long, having a blackish tint posteriorly, and an elevated line 
from the humeral angle to the long apical spine, another line to- 
wards the suture, commencing beyond the middle but not con- 
tinued to the apex; mesosternum and abdomen beneath with a 
drab-coloured silky pubescence; intermediate and posterior fe- 
mora armed with a strong spine, 

Length 10 lines. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. iy 


Nyssicus. 


Head short, broader in front ; eyes large, reniform; maxillary 
palpi larger than the labial, the two last joints obconic; antenne 
long, the third to the sixth or seventh joints strongly spined at 
the apex; prothorax unequal, the sides armed; elytra elongate, 
biapiculate ; legs long; femora clavate, unarmed. 

This genus bears the MS. name of Holacanthus, Blanch., in 
some collections; but that word has been long ago used for a 
genus of fishes. It is chiefly distinguished from Eburza by its 
long maxillary palpi, and clavate femora. The type is N. qua- 
driguttatus, Ol. 


ERoscHEeMA. 


Head slightly produced in front; eyes rather large, reniform ; 
antenne shorter than the body, stout, hairy towards the base, the 
joints (except the second) sub-equal, dilated on one side ; palpi 
short, the last joint subcylindrical, truncate; external maxillary 
lobe produced and rounded at the end; prothorax constricted 
almost into a neck anteriorly, its side with a stout tooth, the disc 
unequal ; elytra parallel, depressed ; legs short, last tarsal joint 
small. 

The place of this very remarkable genus is, I think, near 
Pteroplatus, from which it differs in the palpi, constricted pro- 
thorax, head, &c. 


Eroschema Powert. (PI. II. fig. 2.) 


E. hirsuta, atra, infra nitida ; prothorace maculis duabus rubris ; 
elytris rubris, quadricarinatis, interstitiis punctatis ; antennis 
articulis quinque basalibus barbatis. 

Australia (Sydney). 


Black, clothed above with dense short half erect hairs, beneath 
smooth and shining; prothorax with a smooth spot at the anterior 
margin, and another behind, and with the elytra orange red, the 
latter having each a sutural and three other raised lines, the inter- 
stices thickly punctured ; legs very hairy. 

Length 5 lines. 

I have the pleasure of dedicating this to John A. Power, Esq., 
M.D., so well known as the discoverer of a vast number of our 
native insects, and to whose kindness there are few British col- 
lectors who are not indebted for some of their rarest specimens. 

VOL. V. N. Ss PART I.—FEB, 1859, c 


18 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Generu 


Didymocantha cylindricollis. 


A 


D. angusta, brunnea, hirtis fulvidis vestita; prothorace cylin- 
drico, antice constricto. 


Australia (Moreton Bay). 


Narrow, reddish-brown, rather sparingly clothed with coarse 
stiff fulvous hairs, more densely on the scutellum; prothorax 
long, cylindrical, but suddenly contracted anteriorly ; palpi and 
mandibles pitchy. 

Length 6 lines. 

TRICHOMESIA. 


Head rather narrow and elongate anteriorly ; mandibles short ; 
labrum small ; eyes slightly emarginate ; palpi with the terminal 
joint oblong-ovate, obtuse ; antennz distant, robust, not longer 
than the body, the joints (second except) subequal; thorax 
convex, equal in length and breadth, narrower before; elytra 
rather depressed ; legs short. 

A genus which I think should be placed near Uracanthus. Mr. 
Newman, to whom I have dedicated it, informs me that in his MS. 
it bears the name of Callidium digramma. 


Trichomesia Nenmani. 

T. nigra; elytris, palpis, pedibusque castaneis, illis linea albo- 

hirsuta versus suturam ornatis. 

Australia (Victoria). 

Dull black ; prothorax with a line of whitish hairs on each 
side, and another beneath it, which is continuous with one on the 
mesosternum ; elytra, palpi and legs pale chesnut, the former with 
a broad stripe of whitish hairs on each, extending from the base to 
near the apex, and parallel to but not touching the suture, which is 
dark brown; under surface paler with whitish hairs, which are 
more dense on the sides of the abdominal segments. 

Length 5 lines. 


SEBASMIA. 


Head porrect, small; eyes large, reniform; antennze of mode- 
rate length, the basal joints nodulose, the fourth shortest (second 
excepted), the terminal notched; prothorax rugose, elongated, 
narrowed anteriorly ; elytra rather large ; legs short. 

Closely allied to Cerambyx, from which it differs principally in 
habit, comparatively large elytra, and short feet, particularly of 
the tibia. The palpi were absent in the only specimen I have 
seen, 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 12) 


Sebasmia Templetoni. 


S. picea, supra hirtis fulvis sub-sericeis tecta. 


Ceylon. 


Pitchy black, densely clothed above with fulvous yellow, some- 
what silky hairs ; prothorax irregularly corrugated; eyes and 
antennee dark brown, the latter with the two first joints and face 
with a rusty yellowish pubescence; body beneath, femora and 
tibiae pitchy; tarsi and under part of the meso-femora covered 
with pale rusty hairs; mesosternal process bilobed, on the sides of 
the mesosternum especially, and about the mouth are several long 
slender hairs. 

Length 14 lines. 

I have dedicated this, one of the finest Ceylonese insects, to R. 
Templeton, Esq. 


Cerambyx venustus. 


C. elongatus, piceo-brunneus, hirtis cinnamomeis dense vestitus ; 
prothorace mutico, antice angustiore, transversim corrugato ; 
elytris apice truncatis, sutura in spina minuta productis; an- 
tennis maris longissimis. 


Ceylon. 


Elongate, pitchy brown, densely covered with short thickish 
cinnamon-coloured hairs ; eyes and apex of mandibles dark 
brown; prothorax unarmed, narrowed in front, coarsely and 
transversely corrugated ; elytra truncate, with the suture produced 
into a short spine ; antennze of the male very long, the fifth and 
sixth joints spined at the tip. 

Length 26 lines. 

This very fine species is not uncommon in collections. 


Cerambyx vernicosus. 


C. niger nitidus, pube sericante pallide-griseo sparsim indutus ; 
prothorace muticosampliato, rugoso, basin versus angustiore ; 
elytris apice sub-bispinosis. 

Ceylon. 

Brownish or pitchy black, with a sparse, silky, pale greyish 
pubescence ; prothorax unarmed, full and rounded, transversely 
rugose, narrower or constricted behind; elytra gradually dimi- 
nishing from the shoulders to the apex, which is truncate, with a 
small tooth at each angle. 

Length 14 lines. 


20 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Cerambyx versutus, 

C. brunneus; capite prothoraceque fuscis, hoc irregulariter 
corrugato utrinque fortiter spinoso; elytris apice bidenta- 
tis; antennis pedibusque rufis. 

Ceylon. 


Reddish brown; head and prothorax dark brown, the latter 
irregularly corrugated with a strong spine on each side; elytra 
with two small teeth at the apex of each; legs and antenne rufous 
brown; body beneath with a sparse silvery pubescence. 

Length 12 lines. 

Nearly allied to C. consocius, but the prothorax is transverse, 
irregularly and more finely corrugated, elytra larger and less 
strongly toothed at the apex, &c. C. humeralis, White, is also a 
closely-allied species. 


Cerambyx consocius. 
C. brunneus; prothorace angustato sub-transverse-corrugato, 
utrinque obtuse-dentato, elytris apice bispinosis; corpore 
subtus sericeo-pubescente ; antennis pedibusque rufis. 


Ceylon. 


Reddish brown; prothorax narrow, deeply and nearly trans- 
versely corrugated, with an obtuse tooth on each side at about the 
middle; elytra widest at the base, the apex of each with two 
strong spines; antenne and legs rufous brown; under surface 
with a sparse silvery pubescence. 

Length 13 lines. 


Cerambyx macilentus. 

C. attenuatus, obscure piceo-fuscus pube grisescente indutus ; 
prothorace mutico, corrugato ; elytris obsolete punctatis, 
apice bispinosis, spina exterior! divaricata; antennis no- 
dulosis. 


Ceylon. 


Attenuate, dull pitchy brown, with a slight greyish pubescence ; 
prothorax narrowed in front, unarmed and rather finely corrugated ; 
elytra obsoletely punctate, tapering from the base, with a broad 
slightly elevated somewhat oblique ridge, the apex bispinous, the 
outer spine strongly divaricate ; antennae nearly twice the length 
of the body, the four or five basal joints nodulose; legs mode- 
rate. 

Length 13 lines. 

A very distinct species of which I have only seen the male. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 21 


Cerambyx demissus. 


C. sub-angustatus, fuscus, griseo-pilosus ; prothorace mutico, 
plicato; elytris apice sub-truncatis. 
India (Benares). 


Rather narrow, dark browu, sparingly covered with greyish 
hairs, which are longer and slightly curved on the elytra, parti- 
cularly the basal portion; prothorax unarmed, sub-transversely 
plicate; elytra somewhat truncate at the apex; antenne mode- 
rate. 

Length 6 lines. 

Nearly allied to C. egenus, but the thorax is proportionably 
longer, more regularly plicate, elytra shorter, &c. 


Hesthesis mcerens. 


H. niger ; prothorace margine antico elytrisque macula apicali 
stramineis, his testaceo-olivaceis ; abdomine supra segmento 
primo tertioque flavo-marginata; femoribus ferrugineis. 

Sydney. 

Black, space between the eyes, anterior border of the prothorax, 
and small spot at the apex of each elytra, dull straw colour, the 
latter testacous olive, darker exteriorly ; abdomen with a band 
across the first segment, and margin of the third above, bright 
yellow beneath, the first segment covered with a white silky 
pubescence ; thighs ferruginous. 

Length 8 lines. 

I have not seen Mr. Newman’s H. bizonatus ; his description is 
too short to be of any use, but it differs from this species in the 
ferruginous base of its antenne. 


OxyLYMMA. 


Head prolonged into a snout; eyes round, prominent, nearly 
entire, distant below ; antennz short, filiform, the fourth joint as 
long as the fifth, the third twice their length, the rest shorter ; 
prothorax smooth, narrower in front; elytra short, depressed, 
each gradually narrowing toa point; femora stout, clavate ; tibize 
lengthened ; tarsi short, the first joint of the posterior not greatly 
exceeding the second in length. 

The affinity of this genus is with certain small insects confined 
apparently to the Valley of the Amazons, which Mr. White has 
placed in Rhinotragus, and to which he also refers Oregostoma. It 


22 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


appears to me, however, that these (R. notabilis, molorchoides, tri- 
lineatus, &c.) form a distinct group, essentially distinguished from 
both Rhinotragus and Oregostoma by their slender form, large 
eyes nearly or quite meeting below, antenne, and greater length 
of the first joint of the posterior tarsi. For this group I propose 
the name of Agaone, and Oxylymma will differ from it in its more 
robust form, eyes, antenne, elytra and legs. 


Oxylymma lepida. (PI. II. fig. 3.) 


O. flava, occipite, oculis, antennis basi, humeris, fasclisque 
duabus elytrorum, atris. 
Para. 


Sulphur-yellow, eyes, top of the head, except a yellow spot 
between the eyes, band above the lip, and tips of the mandibles, 
black ; prothorax smooth and polished, of a rather darker yellow ; 
elytra thickly punctured, the shoulders, a band at the middle, and 
the apices, black ; antennz with the first joint, ring round the 
second, line along the third, fourth and fifth, and apices of the 
three last, black; legs with a line along the tibiae, and extremity 
of the last tarsal joint and claws, black; beneath pale yellow, a 
broad band on the mesosternum, and two last abdominal segments, 
black. 

Length 53 lines. 

It will, perhaps, be as well to observe, that throughout these 
papers all Mr. Bates’s important acquisitions are marked Para— 
the province, not the city, my earlier sets of this gentleman’s 
collections having been unfortunately put away without noting the 
precise localities from which they were derived, but I hope even- 
tually to supply the omission. 


THRANIUS. 


Head short ; labrum very small; mandibles stout; eyes lateral, 
large round, scarcely emarginate ; palpi rather short, the terminal 
joint ovate, somewhat inflated; antennz short, filiform, the joints 
eylindric, the third longest; prothorax equal at the sides, gibbous 
above ; elytra narrow, flat, scarcely covering the abdomen; legs 
short, slender; femora not clavate; tarsi with the first joint 
longest. 

A genus allied to Stenopterus, but differing in the round eye, 
filiform antenne, palpi, &c. &c. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 23 


Thranius gibbosus. 


T. fuscus; elytris apice spinosis, fasciis tribus ferrugineis 
ornatis; antennarum articulis 8 et 9 albis; abdomine tes- 
taceo. 

Ceylon. 


Dark brown ; prothorax longitudinally gibbous; elytra ending 
in a short spine, and having three ferruginous bands, the first 
commencing at the shoulder and curving round the scutellum, the 
second also at about the middle, and the last across the apex ; 
antenne with the eighth and ninth joints white ; abdomen tes- 
taceous. 

Length 10 lines. 


Thranius bimaculatus. (PI. II. fig. 7.) 


T. fuscus; elytris vix apiculatis, pallide brunneis, in medio 
ochraceo-bimaculatis ; antennarum articulis 8, 9 et 10 
ochraceis. 

Malacca. 


Dark brown, head and thorax sparingly pubescent, the latter 
thickly punctured, and slightly gibbous anteriorly; elytra long, 
narrow, not covering the abdomen, closely punctured, the apex 
scarcely apiculate, light yellowish brown, with a round ochre spot 
on the middle of each ; antennz with the eighth, ninth and tenth 
joints pale ochre; abdomen beneath reddish brown. 

Length 10 lines. 


Homalomelas zonatus. 


H. ater, nitidus; prothorace margine posteriore, scutello, 
fascia pone medium apiceque elytrorum et corpore subtus 
(segmentis tribus ultimis abdominis exceptis) albis ; elytris 
haud carinatis. 


Ceylon. 


Black, shining ; posterior margin of the prothorax, scutellum, 
a somewhat oblique fascia behind the middle, and apex of the 
elytra, densely clothed with short white hairs, under surface with 
a white pubescence, except the space round the posterior coxa and 
three last abdominal segments. 

Length 6 lines. 

Closely resembling H. gracilipes, which, however, differs in 
* many respects, particularly in the absence of the carinated 
elytra. 


24 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Stenoderus labiatus. 
S. ater, capite ({ronte occipiteque exceptis) elytris (nisi suturo) 
aurantiacis ; pedibus fuscis. 
Australia. 


Black ; head (except the crown and part between the antennez) 
and elytra orange red, the latter having a broad patch of violet on 
nearly the whole length of the suture; legs brown. 

Length 7 lines. 

All the species of Stenoderus are homogeneous, except S. gram- 
micus, deustus and rectus of Mr. Newman ; these are so different, 
yet so closely allied to each other, that their separation as a distinct 
group is advisable. I propose for it, therefore, the name of 
Syllitus ; technically it may be at once distinguished from Steno- 
derus by its large oblong entire eyes. 


Tritocosmia rubea. 


T. sub-miniata; capite prothoraceque rubro-brunneis; anten- 
narum fasciculo nigro. 
Nova Cambria Australis. 


Rather a dull red, inclining to orange, the head and prothorax 
reddish brown, slightly shining and minutely corrugated ; eyes 
and tips of the mandibles dark brown; brush of the antenne 
black ; under surface with a silvery pubescence. 

Length 8 lines. 


Callichroma trogoninum. 


C. nigro-chalybeatum ; prothorace bi-impresso ; fronte, protho- 
race lateribus elytrisque vitta longitudinali, viridi-aurulentis ; 
antennis pedibusque chalybeatis; corpore subtus argenteo- 
sericante. 


Ceylon. 


Chalybeate black ; front, sides of the prothorax (which in the 
male has two slightly impressed marks), and a broad longitudinal 
stripe on each elytra, golden green; epistome testaceous; an- 
tenne and legs deep steel blue; under surface with a silken 
silvery pubescence. 

Length 12 lines. 


Callichroma Thomsoni. 


C. attenuata, aureo-viridis ; prothorace macula oblonga me- 
diana et vittis duabus elytrorum—una suturali alteré mar- 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 25 


ginali—antennis pedibusque chalybeatis; pectore pube sub- 
argentea tecto. 
Borneo. 


Slender, rich golden green; prothorax with an oblong central 
spot; elytra with two long stripes, the one sutural, disappearing 
before the apex, the other marginal; antennz and legs dark steel 
blue; under surface dull green, the breast somewhat silvery ; 
palpi pitchy, annulated with testaceous. 

Length 8 lines. 

Dedicated to James Thomson, Esq., of Paris, the author of the 
Archives Entomologiques, and other useful and beautifully illus- 
trated works. 


CoLiLyRropDEs. 


Head large, suddenly constricted and forming a very slender 
neck behind the eyes, which are prominent and deeply emar- 
ginate; palpi rather stout, the terminal joint obtuse; Jabrum and 
jaws small; antenne filiform, sborter than the body, the joints 
(second excepted) subequal ; thorax long, very slender anteriorly 
and constricted behind ; ejytra parallel, depressed; legs slender ; 
femora thicker in the middle ; tarsi short, the joints gradually 
broader to the third. 

A very remarkable genus, resembling Collyris among the 
Cicindelide, and which there can be little hesitation, notwith- 
standing the eyes, in placing near Pseudocephalus, Newman. I 
have named the only species after the author of that magnum 
opus—the * Genera des Coléoptéres.” 


Collyrodes Lacordairei. (PI. II. fig. 4.) 

C. purpureo-violaceus ; elytris viridi-atris, punctatis, pone me- 
dium singulis macula obliqua apiceque albidis ; antennis 
pedibusque testaceis. 

Malacca. 


Deep glossy purple violet; elytra greenish black, rather 
thickly punctured, with an oblique spot below the middle and 
apex. of each, dull white; prothorax and whole body beneath 
smooth; antennze and legs testaceous brown, the former some- 
what darker at the base; pro- and mesosternum simple. 

Length 6 lines. 


Deuteromma mutica. 


D. testacea; oculis nigris; prothorace mutico. 


Ceylon. 


26 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Nearly allied to D. testacea, but narrower ; the antennz testa- 
ceous, not black, and the prothorax without the slightest trace of 
the lateral spine. 

Length 33 lines. 

Obrium laterale. 


O. brunneo-testaceum ;_prothorace linea laterali utrinque fusea ;_ 
elytris postice latioribus fuscis, luteo-variegatis ; antennis 
pedibusque testaceis. 

Ceylon. 


Brownish-testaceous ; eyes and a stripe on each side of the 
prothorax dark brown, the latter elongate and narrowed behind ; 
elytra dilated posteriorly, brown, varied with reddish-yellow 
blotches, one at the shoulder and extending obliquely on each 
side of the scutellum, a broad somewhat V-shaped band common 
to both at the middle, an oblong spot below, and another margin- 
ing the apex ; legs and antenne testaceous. 

Length 4 lines. 


Obrium ibidionoides. 


O. testaceum, nitidum; capite, prothorace, fascia lata apicem 
versus, fusco-castaneis. 


Australia (prope Sydney). 


Pale testaceous, shining, antennze and body beneath darker ; 
head, prothorax, and a broad band, or rather patch, on the elytra 
near the apex, chesnut brown; prothorax nearly half the length 
of the elytra, narrower and somewhat constricted behind; an- 
tennz rather shorter than the body. 

Length 33 lines. 


Obrium? meestum. 

O.? rubro-fuscum, validiusculum, confertim punctatum ; oculis 
nigris, sub-integris; prothorace equali, lateribus rotundatis ; 
pedibus sub-brevibus. 

Ceylon. 


Reddish-brown, deeply and thickly punctured (including the 
head); eyes black, rounded, slightly emarginate ; prothorax 
nearly equal, the sides rounded ; elytra nearly parallel, not much 
wider than the thorax, the apex simple ; legs rather short; under 
surface dark brown. 

Length 43 lines. 

Not a true Obrium, but with one greasy specimen only before 
me I am unwilling to propose a new genus. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 27 


Clytus ascendens. 


- C. angustatus; prothorace nigricante, sub-globoso, confertim 
punctulato; elytris atris, humero fasciisque duabus (una 
mediané altera apicali) canis ; lined basali arcuata alba. 


Ceylon. 


Narrow, but not elongate; prothorax greyish black, somewhat 
globose, thickly and finely punctured ; elytra black, the shoulders, 
band on the middle, and another at the apex, pale cinereous, from 
about the middle of each elytron, and above the median band, 
ascend a narrow, curved, very distinct whitish line, which meets 
its fellow immediately below the scutellum; antennz filiform, half 
the length of the body, the fourth and fifth joints slightly spinous 
at the extremity, the basal joint yellowish brown; legs slender, 
elongate, black. 

Length 43 lines. 

The colours of this insect resemble those of C. rusticus. 


Clytus Watkeri. 
C. sub-angustus, cinereo-pubescens; prothorace maculis dua- 
bus, elytris singulis tribus margine exteriore, atris; an- 
tennis muticis. 


Ceylon. 


Rather narrow, covered with cinereous hairs ; prothorax oblong, 
elliptic, with two round black spots; elytra sub-truncated, with 
three large somewhat irregular black patches on the outer side of 
eaeh, and extending to the margin, but not meeting at the suture, 
the first near the base, the second in the middle, and the Jast 
rather distant from the apex ; antenne nearly filiform, unarmed, 
shorter than the body. 

Length 43 lines. 

Intermediate between C. elongatulus and the more typical forms. 
Dedicated to Francis Waiker, Esq., F.L.S., &c. 


| Clytus Balyi. 

C. subelongatus, fulvo-aureus ; elytris, singulis, maculis tribus 
atris ornatis ; antennis longis, setaceis; femoribus tibiisque 
posticis apice fuscis; mesosterno abdomineque pube flavo- 
argenteo-tectis. 


India. 


Rather narrow, covered with a rich dark golden yellow pube- 


28 Mr. F. P.Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


scence, which on the mesosternum and abdomen verges on silvery ; 
eyes, mandibles, and three spots on each elytron black ; antennz 
rather Jonger than the body, in the male setaceous, none of the 
joints spined ; legs with femora and tibia brown at their tips. 

Length 53 lines. 

Clytus assimilis, Hope, is the nearest ally of this pretty species, 
which I have named after Joseph S. Baly, Esq., author of a ‘* Mo- 
nograph of the Hispide,” and the possessor of an unrivalled col- 
lection of Phytophaga. 


Clytus Bowringii. 

C. elongatus, olivaceo-cinereus ; elytris lined lunari pone hu- 
meros et fasciis duabus medianis, nigris ; antennis pedibusque 
gracillimis. 

‘China (Hong Kong). 

Narrow and elongate, with an olive greyish pubescence; pro- 
thorax oblong, swollen in the middle; elytra with a large lunar 
mark behind the shoulder, a black rather oblique fascia behind, 
and another broader one before the apex, black; antenne slender, 
not quite the length of the body, the first and fourth joints acutely 
spined ; legs dull testaceous, very slender and elongate, especially 
the posterior pair, 

Length 5 lines. 

Belonging to the elongatulus group. I have dedicated it to 
J. C. Bowring, Esq., who has most assiduously investigated the 
Entomology of the island of which it is a native. 


Brachytria pulcherrima. 
B. purpureo-rubra; prothorace lateribus fuscis; elytris vitta 
laterali viridi-resplendente. : 
Australia (Moreton Bay). 


Purplish red, furnished with many long scattered hairs ; pro- 
thorax thickly punctured, with the sides brown; elytra narrower 
posteriorly ; bicarinate with coarse confluent punctures, and 
having from the shoulders to near the apex a brilliant stripe of 
golden green, which, as it passes into the red, becomes purple and 
then violet; legs, antennze and under surface brownish red; apex 
of the elytron fasciculate. 

Length 7 lines. 

This beautiful insect is unquestionably congeneric with B. late- 
brosa, Newm. I should have hesitated to unite it with Bb. gulosa, 
the type of the genus. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. — 29 


Oreodera cretifera. 

O. fulvo-grisea; elytris lateribus albo-plagiatis ; pedibus brun- 

neo-variegatis. 

Brasilia. 

Fulvous grey ; prothorax with three tubercles on the dise and 
one at the side; elytra tuberculate at the base, the external 
margin at about the middle with a large oblong chalky white 
patch ; legs varied with brown; femora near the tips with a pale 
flexuous ring ; epistome and palpi testaceous. 

Length 7 lines. 


Trypanidius geminus. 

T. piceus, olivaceo-brunneus ; prothorace convexo; elytris 
punctatis, basi granulatis, apice sub-truncatis, pone medium 
maculis duabus fuscis, approximatis. 

Brasilia. 


Rather short, pitchy, with an olive brown pubescence; pro- 
thorax convex, the lateral spine small, a line of impressed points 
along the posterior margin; elytra punctured, more thickly at the 
base, where there are also a few granulations, the apex slightly 
truncate, behind the middle two dark brown spots with a pale 
border closely approximate, beyond these and towards the outer 
margin a small patch of pale ochreous; beneath dull pitchy, the 
sides of the abdominal segments spotted with pale brown ; antenne 
of @ scarcely longer than the body; tarsi pale silky yellow. 

Length 6 lines. 


Ai gomorphus remotus. 

ZB. piceus, pube griseo-cervino tectus ; prothorace tritubercu- 
lato; elytris basi confertim punctatis, granulatis, apice spi- 
nosis. 

Para, 

Pitchy, with a greyish fawn-coloured pile; prothorax short, 
its disc trituberculate, the lateral spine at about the middle, a line 
of impressed points along the anterior margin, and a second line 
at the posterior; elytra rather depressed, much punctured and 
granulated at the base, the apex ending in a spine, below the 
middle near the suture a pitchy spot, and by the side a curved line 
of the same colour, having two or three patches connected with 
it; antenne much longer than the body in 9, reddish brown, 
darker at the extremities; tarsi brown, the last joint very long. 

Length 8 lines. 


30 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


The fore and intermediate legs of this species are unusually 
distant at their insertion. 


Lasiopezus Whiter. 


L. fusco-piceus, pubescens ; elytris basi cristatis, cinereo-fus- 
coque variegatis, tertio apicali, macula mediana irregulari, 
prothorace, mesosterno, abdominque segmentis tribus ultimis, 
albidis. 

Natal. 


Differs from Z. marmorator, F., in the prothorax without the 
brown central patch, and the absence of the broad median band ; 
the elytra are also less depressed. In several specimens of 
both species which I have examined these differences are 
constant. 

Length 10 lines. 

I have changed the old name of this genus, Lasiodactylus (Dj.) 
Blanch., into Lasiopezus, the former having been preoccupied (by 
Perty) for a genus of Nitidulide. This species, I need hardly 
say, I have dedicated to Mr. White, of the British Museum, to 
whom few Entomologists of the present day are not indebted for 
many valuable hints (too many sometimes, perhaps, to be always 
conveniently acknowledged), and who first pointed out to me the 
distinctive character of this species, 


Polyrhaphis Jansoni. 


P. latus, fulvescens ; capite, antennarum articulis duabus basa- 
libus, femoribus, tibiisque nigris. 
Para. 


Habit of P. spinipennis, Lap.; head, two first Joints of the 
antenne, thighs (except at the tips), tibia, end of the last tarsal 
joint, claws, and prosternum, black ; prothorax and elytra with a 
fulvous pile; under surface paler; epistome dull yellow; tarsi 
covered with long golden yellow hairs. 

Length 12 lines. 

The prothorax has a strong straight acute spine on each side, 
and two smaller ones on its disc, as in P. spinipennis ; the arrange- 
ment of the tubercles on the elytra is also nearly the same as in 
that species. Dedicated to the curator of the Society, to whose 
well-known skill and critical acumen I have been often deeply 
indebted. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 31 


Onychocerus albitarsis. 


O. ater, grisescente-brunneoque variegatus ; prothorace lateribus 
productis, disco trituberculato ; antennis glabris tibiisque an- 
nulatis, tarsis albidis. 

Brasilia. 

Black, middle of the third antennal joint and base of the fourth, 
head, prothorax, except the three tubercles, base and posterior 
half of the elytra, middle of the tibie, and tarsi, greyish white ; 
elytra with a double series of large black granulations, the middle 
and patch posteriorly reddish brown. 

Length 6 lines. 

The antenne have no trace of the hairy fringe which forms so 
beautiful an appendage to the terminal joints of the other two 
well-known species; in the one described by Mr. Chabrillac, no 
mention is made of it. I am indebted for my specimen to Fred. 
Bond, Esq. 


DystTH#zTA. 


Head rather narrow; eyes broadly emarginate ; labrum large ; 
mandibles obtuse; external maxillary lobe elongate; antennz 
somewhat approximate, longer than body, setaceous, the third and 
fourth joints longest, the rest sub-eqnal (second excepted) ; palpi 
elongate, the terminal joint obtuse; prothorax quadrate, irregular, 
the sides spined; elytra broadest at the shoulders, decreasing 
posteriorly ; legs rather long, the tarsi not dilated, the first joint 
longest. 

With no very salient characters, this genus is quite different in 
habit from any other with which I am acquainted. Its affinities 
are doubtful. 

Dystheta anomala, (PI. II. fig. 6.) 

D. pubescens, rufo-brunnea, albo-fuscoque variegata ; elytris 

basi parce, apicem versus, remote punctatis. 

Australia (Moreton Bay). 

Pubescent, light reddish brown, varied with dark brown and a 
little white, in irregular lines shading into each other; on the 
prothorax these lines are longitudinal, two dark ones particularly 
on each side, and a paler one in the middle; on the elytra, which 
are sparingly punctured at the base and becoming even less so 
towards the apex, there are five series of transverse bands, more 
or less zig-zag, of which the middle one is formed like the letter 
W, with the anterior portion of it picked out with white; legs 
and under surface with a greyish pubescence ; mesosternum 
bilobed posteriorly ; elytra obliquely truncate at the apex. 

Length 7 lines. 


32 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Zygocera MacLeayt. 

Z. elongatus, piceus; prothorace gibboso, tuberculis duabus 
bifidis medio instructis ; elytris albo-maculatis, basi tubercu- 
latis, rude punctatis, apice obliquo-angulatis ; tarsis albidis. 

Australia (Sydney). 

Elongate, pitchy black ; head with a white line round the eye ; 
prothorax narrow, the disc with two elevated bifid tubercles, 
between which are two longitudinal white lines, the sides with a 
stout slightly projecting spine; elytra deeply and coarsely punc- 
tured, prominent at the shoulders, gradually decreasing to the 
apex, which is obliquely truncate, forming a sharp angle, but not 
spined, the base of each near the scutellum with a very elevated 
tubercle, and the whole surface with several small spots formed 
of white hairs scattered over it, but particularly below the 
tubercles and along the suture; antennz with the upper joints 
annulated with white; legs with a greyish pile, which is nearly 
white on the tarsi, post-tibiz darker at the end; mesosternum 
slightly produced anteriorly. 

Length 11] lines. 

Dedicated to W. S. MacLeay, Esq., of Sydney, author of 
“ Hore Entomologice,” “ Annulosa Javanica,” &c. 


Zygocera pentheoides. 

Z. lata, picea, albo-irrorata; prothorace medio bituberculato 
lateribus fortiter productis ; elytris basi sub-gibbosis, cris- 
tatis, humeris prominulis, rude punctatis, apice rotundatis ; 
tarsis articulis primis duobus albis. 

Australia (Swan River). 

Broad and rather depressed, covered with small spots formed of 
white hairs, which on the middle of the elytra are somewhat con- 
fluent; a white line before and behind the eye; prothorax with 
two tubercles on the disc, the spine at the side strongly produced ; 
elytra broad and projecting at the shoulders, the base slightly 
crested, the apex rounded, the whole coarsely punctured ; tibiz 
darker at the end, two first tarsal joints white ; antenne scarcely 
longer than the body; mesosternum strongly produced. 

Length 9 lines. 

British Museum. 

Zygocera bifasciata. 

Z. sub-depressa, pube griseo-fulvescente tecta; prothorace ely- 
trisque maculis fasciisque fuscis ornatis, his tricarinatis, basi 
antice productis. 


Australia (Sydney). 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 33 


Rather depressed, with a greyish-yellow pile, spotted and 
striped with brown; front and cheeks with vertical, prothorax 
with transverse lines ; the elytra with three raised lines, the two 
inner terminating in the sutural and outer spine respectively, the 
other confined to the basal half, not crested, but the base project- 
ing forward between the shoulder and scutellum, with two bands, 
one before, the other behind the middle, and numerous small spots, 
those near the base having a shallow puncture in the centre; body 
beneath pitchy, pubescent on the sides; antennz and legs dark 
brown, the latter with fulvous hairs; palpi testaceous; eyes 
black. 

Length 8 lines. 


Zygocera plumifera. 


Z. picea, grisescente pubescens, fusco-maculata; prothorace 
trituberculato; elytris basi cristatis plumiferis ; plag4 laterali 
pone medium maculisque fuscis. 

Australia (Sydney). 


Pitchy, with a greyish pubescence, varied with brown spots and 
lines; head with vertical stripes on the cheeks and a broad patch 
on the vertex, which is divided by an impressed line; prothorax 
with three tubercles nearly connected together, two transverse 
lines and a few spots anteriorly; elytra gibbous at the base, 
crested, the crest crowned with soft thick-set hairs, a lateral 
patch behind the middle and several spots scattered over the sur- 
face, those on the basal half with a coarse puncture in the centre 
of each; beneath pitchy, the sides pubescent, spotted; antennz 
pitchy. 

Length 6 lines. 


Zygocera pumila. 


Z. angustior, brunneo-picea, pube grisescente tecta; prothorace 
sub-tuberculato ; elytris bicarinatis, basi elevatis, cristatis, 
punctato-maculatis. 


Australia (Sydney). 


Narrow, reddish pitchy, with a greyish pubescence; top of 
the head and prothorax with transverse, brown, more or less inter- 
rupted lines, the latter with a slight tubercle in the centre, lateral 
spine very short ; elytra with two raised lines terminating in the 
apical spines, elevated at the base, with a slightly plumose crest, 
and having a few dispersed punctures, each in the centre of a 
chocolate-brown spot, a band of the same colour at the base be- 


tween the two crests and across the scutellum; under surface 
VOL. V. N. S. PART Il. MAY, 1859. D 


34 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


with a greyish pile, except the central part and last abdominal 
segment. 
Length 5 lines. 


Zygocera complexa. 


Z. angustior, sub-depressa, fusco-castanea, lineis maculisque 
ochraceis pubescentibus induta; elytris tricarinatis, basi vix 
productis ; antennis tibiisque brunneis. 

Aru. 


Narrow, depressed, dark chesnut brown, with lines and spots 
formed by short dull yellowish hairs; head with two broad lines 
in front, two narrower on the occiput, and an oblique one below 
the eye; prothorax with three transverse lines, the intermediate 
united to the others at the middle and sides; elytra nearly simple 
at the base, tricarinate, the sutural and outer carine terminating 
in spines at the apex, with an intricate series of markings, among 
which three irregular fascize may be distinguished-—one before the 
middle, one beyond it, and the third near the apex; antennze and 
tibia reddish-brown ; palpi dark brown, the joints yellow at the 
tips. 

Length 5 lines. 

Rather narrower and more depressed than the other species, the 
spine at the side smaller, and no crest at the base of the elytron, 
which is slightly produced anteriorly, as in Z. befasciata. 


Zugocera barbicornis. 


Z. piceo-brunnea, griseo-pubescens ; elytris punctato-striatis, 
basi simplicibus, macula subocellata ornatis; antennis arti- 
culis primis sextis infra barbatis. 

Australia (Moreton Bay). 


Light pitchy brown, more or less varied with greyish hairs; 
prothorax rather narrow, with the lateral spine short and broad ; 
elytra coarsely striato-punctate, with a dark subocellated spot on 
the lower half, near the outer margin, the apex truncate, with the 
suture slightly produced; antennz longer than the body, with the 
first six joints strongly bearded beneath, the last five simple, and 
together not longer than the third. 

Length 7 lines. 

This will probably be considered the type of a new genus, nearly 
allied to Zygocera. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 35 
Hypselomus pupillatus. 


H. cervinus; elytris basi punctatis, disperse fusco-maculatis, 
pone medium maculis duabus connexis, una alba, altera fusca ; 
antennis pedibusque fuscis, his cervino-irroratis. 

Para. 

Greyish fawn-colour, head and prothorax darker, the latter with 
about five tubercles and a strong tooth at the side near the base ; 
elytra with a strong tubercle at the shoulder, rather gibbous to- 
wards the scutellum, and the base thickly punctured, a few brown 
spots along the suture and near the apex, while below the middle 
there is a larger spot, above which and connected to it is another, 
but pure white and very distinct ; antennz and legs dark choco- 
late brown, the latter sprinkled with numerous small greyish 
spots. 

Length 10 lines. 

Hypselomus variolosus. 

H. pallide olivaceo-brunneus, capite prothoraceque nigro-irro- 
ratis; elytris maculis nigris aspersis, basi granulatis; an- 
tennis articulo primo femoribusque undulato-variis. 

Para. 


Pale olive-brown, with a slightly greyish tint; head and pro- 
thorax with minute black crowded spots, the latter with about 
eight tubercles on its disc ; elytra with several well-defined scat- 
tered black spots, and with from ten to a dozen glossy black 
granulations on each shoulder; first antennal joint and femora 
marked with numerous fine wavy lines of dark brown and olive; 
eyes coppery; beneath sprinkled with black. 

Length 10 lines. 

Hypselomus paganus. 

H. fuscus, pallide olivaceo-variegatus ; prothorace subquinque- 
tuberculato; elytris basi cristatis ; antennarum articulis, primo 
excepto, basi annulatis ; tarsorum articulo ultimo fulvo, apice 
nigro. 

Para. 

Dark brown, obscurely varied with pale olive ; prothorax with 

a few black spots and about five tubercles on its disc; elytra pro- 
duced at the shoulder, and slightly crested, with few punctures ; 
antenne and legs black, except a small pale olive ring at the base 
of all the joints of the former, except the first, and the basal three 
quarters of the last tarsal joint, which is fulvous ; abdomen beneath 
dark, the sides brownish yellow. 

Length 6 lines. 


D2 


386 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Hesycha Nyphonoides. 

H. piceo-brunnea, fulvo-varia ; prothorace bituberculato ; elytris 

macula obsoleta irregulari pone medium. 

Para. 

Pitchy reddish-brown, varied with small fulvous approximate 
patches of pubescence, which rather below the middle of each 
elytron are mixed with a little white, the fulvous patches behind 
this being more distiuct, so as to give the appearance of a border 
to the naked eye; prothorax with a slight tubercle on each side 
the median line, the lateral spine small; antenne with the eighth 
and following joints pale at the base. 

Length 8 lines. 

A certain similarity to Nyphona saperdoides suggests the name. 


Hesycha albilatera. 

H. fusca, griseo-varia; elytris lateribus albo-plagiatis. 

Para. 

Dark brown, sprinkled and blotched with a yellowish grey; 
head as broad as the prothorax, which is cylindrical and slightly 
toothed at the sides; elytra narrow, the base punctured, the 
shoulders scarcely prominent, a large white lateral patch extending 
two-thirds their length, and edged behind by a dark brown spot ; 
antenne twice as long as the body(¢); spine of the anterior 
coxe slender, incurved. 

Length 7 lines. 

Airenea terrena. 

/E. fusca, hirsuta, dense griseo-pubescens ; antennis linearibus, 

ciliatis. 

Para. 

Dark brown, with a short, dense, grey pubescence, and setulose 
hairs everywhere interspersed ; tarsi, last five or six joints of 
thé antenne, and spot on each side near the scutellum, common 
to elytra and prothorax, dark brown; antennz ciliated, nearly as 
long as the body, and, except the first and last joints, of nearly 
equal thickness throughout. ‘ 

Length 33 lines. 

Mirenea cognata. 
fZ. fusco-cinnamomea; occipite, prothoracis disco, scutello, 
antennisque fulvo-brunneis, elytris macula obliqua laterali 
tarsisque albidis ; femoribus, tibiisque variegatis. 
Para. 
Dark cinnamon brown, front white ; back of the head, disc of 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 37 


the prothorax, scutellum and antennz fulvous brown; elytra 
sparingly punctured, a large oblique band-like spot at the side 
meeting at the suture; legs varied with pale zig-zag ritigs, tarsi 
white ; beneath dark brown, shining. 

Length 6 lines. 

Allied to 4. trigona. 


Leiopus suffusus. 

L. breviter ovatus, purpureo-niger, obscure cervino-varius ; 
prothorace spina laterali postica ; elytris seriatim punctatis, 
apice rotundatis ; femoribus clavatis. 

Aru. 

Shortly ovate, purplish black ; prothorax of a dull fawn-colour, 
with a large dark spot on the disc, and a small lateral spine poste- 
riorly; elytra regularly punctate, rounded at the apex, dark 
purple, with blotches of a sordid fawn colour ; beneath dull grey- 
ish; antennez and legs reddish brown, the former ciliated beneath, 
the latter rather short. 

Length 2 lines. 


Exocentrus kamaticollis. 

E. fuscus; prothorace sub-elongato, spina recurva longa 
utrinque armato; elytris castaneo-cinereoque variegatis ; an- 
tennis articulo basali ferrugineo. 

Aru. 

Dark chocolate brown ; prothorax slightly elongate, with a long 
slender recurved spine on each side; elytra having at the shoulder 
a large irregular patch of reddish brown, below this two oblique 
wavy lines meeting at the suture, and another at the apex; an- 
tennz ciliated beneath, its basal joint and base of the posterior 
femora ferruginous. 

Length 2} lines. 

In some specimens the white marks are nearly obliterated, but 
the remarkable thoracic spine will at once distinguish the species. 


Exocentrus hispidulus. 

E. niger, pubescens, setulosus ; prothorace transverso, utrinque 
fortiter spinoso; elytris fulvo-subtessellatis plagisque variis ; 
antennis articulis basi testaceis. 

Aru. 

Dull black, pubescent, with long setulose hairs clothing the upper 

surface and antennz; prothorax with a broad fulvescent stripe on 
each side above, and having a strong triangular recurved spine at 


38 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


the side; elytra rather broad, sub-tessellated with fulvescent, 
and having three or four irregular patches of the same colour; 
antennz with the base of nearly all the joints testaceous. 

Length 3 lines. 


Exocentrus inclusus. 

E. griseus, setulosus; capite fusco, prothorace transverso utrin- 
que angulato; elytris pone medium fascia fuscescente flexuosa 
ornatis ; antennarum articulis basi pallidis. 

Natal. 

Greyish pubescent clothed with long setulose hairs, but princi- 
pally on the elytra, where they arise from round naked spots in 
the pubescence; prothorax transverse, the side triangularly 
dilated, but not spined; elytra with a pale brown flexuous line, 
like the letter M, behind the middle; antenne with the bases of 
the joints paler. 

Length 23 lines. 


Gyaritus levicollis. 

G. piceo-fuscus, pubescens, crinitus ; prothorace levi, gibbo- 
sulo ; elytris muticis, cinereo-variis, fascia obliqua lata basali 
et plag4 laterali, apicem versus, cinereis. 

Aru, 

Pitchy brown, pubescent, with long, slender, erect, dispersed 
hairs; prothorax rounded, smooth, slightly raised in the middle ; 
elytra unarmed, pitchy, with a broad oblique band from below the 
shoulder, forming, with its fellow, a V-shaped mark, and a large 
lateral patch at the posterior third, cinereous; under surface pitchy ; 
antenne with a few stiffish hairs. 

Length 23 lines. 

The generic characters of Gyaritus will require to be enlarged 
to include this species; it will still, however, be distinguished 
from Pogonocherus and its allies by the tumid joints of the an- 
tenne, and from Phlyarus by the simple tibiz. 


Nyphona Bakewellii. 

N. picea, sparse pubescens; capite prothoraceque griseatis ; 
elytris nigro-viridibus, plagé media (albo-varia) maculisque 
griseis irroratis. 

Australia (Moreton Bay). 

Rather short, pitchy, covered witha dark-green pubescence varied 
with grey: head and prothorax at the sides entirely grey ; elytra 
obscurely spotted with grey, in the middle of each two or three 
approximate spots, below which is a white one, the whole having 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 39 


the appearance of an oblique patch; legs and antenne with sparse 
greyish hairs. 

Length 5 lines. 

This and the two next—pullata and insularis—differ in the 
smoother prothorax from the typical N. saperdoides, but in 
another species from Aru, in Mr. Wallace’s private collection, 
obviously congeneric, the prothorax rises into three longitudinal 
crests. 

I have dedicated this species to R. Bakewell, Esq., whose re- 
searches in Australia have added a great number of new species to 
our lists, especially among the Hymenoptera. 


Nyphona putlata. 


N. oblonga, picea, punctata, pube pallide-grisea sparse tecta ; 
elytris sub-parallelis plaga media, maculisque cinereis, obscure 
irroratis. 

Aru. 

Oblong, pitchy, coarsely punctured, sparingly covered with a 
pale greyish pubescence; elytra nearly parallel for about two- 
thirds of their length, then gradually contracting and rounded at - 
the apex, with an obscure greyish patch on the middle of each, 
and several small spots of the same colour (but all formed by — 
denser and longer pubescence) scattered over their surface. 

Length 63 lines. 


Nyphona insularis. 

N. picea, punctata, hirsutula, pube fulvida sparse tecta; elytris 
brevibus sub-parallelis, fascia pone medium irregulari, obliqua, 
sub-grised, fulvaque varia. 

Sumatra? Aru. . 

Pitchy, coarsely punctured, with a sparse fulvous pubescence 
slightly varied with greyish, and mixed with short stiffish hairs ; 
elytra rather short, the sides nearly parallel, behind the middle an 
irregular oblique greyish band having on it patches of fulvous ; 
beneath greyish hairy. 

Length 5 lines. 

My specimens of this species were originally in the collection of 
the Zoological Society, without a locality, but derived apparently 
from Sir S, Raffles; they prove to be identical with a single spe- 
cimen from Aru. 


Coptops nanus. 


C. griseo-pubescens, maculis fusco-brunneis irroratis ; elytris 


sub-trifasciatis ; antennis pedibusque annulatis. 
Aru. 


40 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Rather short, with a pale greyish pubescence, and sprinkled 
with small brown spots, the elytra presenting three imperfect 
facize of the same colour; antennz with the upper part of each 
joint dark brown; legs varied, the tarsi darker; under surface 
dark brown. 

Length 43 lines. 


Mesosa columba. 


M. pallide-fuscescens; prothorace disco, punctis quatuor et 
plaga laterali, fuscis ; elytris disperse-punctatis, maculis tribus 
fuscis, albo-submarginatis, longitudinaliter dispositis ; anten- 
nis pedibusque fuscis, grisescente-annulatis. 

Ceylon. 


Pale greyish-brown ; prothorax with four spots (two anterior 
and two posterior), and a patch at the side beneath, dark brown; 
elytra punctured with three brown spots placed longitudinally, and 
more or less bordered with white, and two or three very obscure 
marks—brown and white—at the side ; antenne dark brown, the 
base of all the joints, from the third inclusive, greyish white; legs 
varied with dark-brown and pale-greyish; under surface dull 
grey. 

Length 6 lines. 


Penthea conferta. 


P. picea, pube fusco-grised tecta; corpore supra, femoribus, 
antennarum articulo primo, granulis numerosis nitidissimis, 
aspersis ; elytris singulis pone medium plaga obliqua obscuré 
cinerea ornatis, apice truncatis. 

Aru. 


Pitchy, covered with a thick greyish-brown pile, and having the 
whole of the upper surface, including the first joint of the antennze 
and femora, furnished with numerous glossy black granules, each 
having at its base, posteriorly, a short stiff hair; elytra truncate 
at the apex, behind the middle an oblique, obscure, cinereous 
patch; mesosternum with a small vertical tooth. 

Length 10 lines. 

This has quite the habit of P. granulosa, Guér, 


Symphyletes metutus. 
S. robustus, fuscus, ochraceo-griseoque variegatus ; elytris sub- 
quadricarinatis, apiculatis ; coxis tibiisque anticis maris cal- 
caratis. 


Aru. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 41 


Robust, dark-brown, varied with ochre and grey; on the head 
fine ochreous lines, round the eye, on the front, &c.; the pro- 
thorax irregularly tumid, slightly spined anteriorly at the side, 
varied with obscure ochraceous ; elytra broad at the shoulder, 
gradually diminishing to the apex, which is truncate, the outer 
angle forming an obtuse process, the base with several black 
shining granules and coarsely punctured below, each elytron with 
four slightly elevated lines, the marginal only reaching the apex, 
the side having four or five light greyish patches, varied slightly 
with ochreous, which by their confluence form a large semicircular 
blotch, with the convexity towards the suture ; a patch also, com- 
posed in the same manner of light grey and ochreous, bound the 
scutellum, and a third smaller one below common to both elytra; 
antenne and legs with small spots of grey; anterior coxz of the 
male armed in front with a large curved spine nearly the length of 
the former; the tibiz also with a very strong spine internally ; 
the antennz not fringed. 

Length 12 lines. 

This fine species has not the terminal joint of the antenne 
curved at the apex as in S. pedicornis and the more typical 
species. 


Symphyletes sodalis. 


S. piceus, griseo-pubescens, luteo-irroratus ; prothorace sub-tri- 
tuberculato ; elytris basi granulatis punctatisque, apice ro- 
tundatis, plaga laterali, fascia dentata pone medium, maculis- 
que apicem versus, albidis. 

Australia (Moreton Bay), 


Very like S. maculicornis, which, however, is narrower; the 
thorax scarcely tuberculate, but rather ridged transversely ; the 
granulations and punctures at the base of the elytra less evident, 
being almost buried in the pubescence. 

Length 12 lines. 


Golsinda infausta. 


G. niger; prothorace dorso bigibboso; elytris rugosis rude 
punctatis, humeris productis granulatis, basi apiceque, griseo- 
pubescentibus. 

Borneo. 


Dull blackish-brown, lower part of the face and cheeks, and 
spot behind the eye greyish; prothorax gibbous on each side, the 


42 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


median line with four or five small tubercles and several minute 
granules on each; elytra rather short, coarsely punctured, the 
humeral angle produced, with a few granulations at its side, and 
between it and the scutellum two strong spines, the basal half and 
apical third with a greyish pubescence, the intermediate portion 
forming a sort of band ; beneath and two first tarsal joints varied 
with grey. 

In this species the male has the little apical knob at the sixth 
joint; in G. reticulata and tessellata it is at the seventh; in G. 
corallina it is not present. 


Meton granulicollis. 


M. piceus, griseo-pubescens ; prothorace lateribus minute spi- 
nosis, antice utrinque granulatis, fusco-bivittato ; elytris fusco- 
maculatis, apicem versus griseo-fasciatis. 


Aru. 


Pitchy, with a greyish pubescence, a broad dark stripe behind 
the eye and along the side of the prothorax, which has a small 
lateral spine and many small granulations at the side in front ; 
elytra rather narrow, tuberous and granulated at the base, spotted 
with dark brown, a pale greyish band towards the apex; first and 
second joints of the antenne, lower part of the tibia, last tarsal 
joint and claws black; palpi testaceous ; beneath with a greyish 
pile; antenne nearly twice as long as the body. 

Length 53 lines. 

This new genus, which differs from Monohammus in its clavate 
femora, will be described in a future part. 


4 
Monohammus commixtus. 


C. griseo-brunneus; capite prothoraceque obscure nigro-vitta- 
tis; elytris singulis plagis iateralibus obliquis, albidis, irregu- 
lariter nigro-marginatis. 

Ceylon. 

Greyish-brown, approaching to fawn colour; head and pro- 
thorax obscurely striped with black, the latter sharply spined at 
the side; elytra sparingly and coarsely punctured, biapiculate, 
with two oblique white patches on the outer margin irregularly 
bounded above and below with dull black blotches and spots ; 
antenne dark-brown (last joint wanting). 

The mesosternum is strongly produced, but the habit is that of 
Monohammus. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 43 


Cereopsius patronus. 

C. fuscus ; capite prothoraceque lineis obscure ochraceis orna- 
tis ; scutello fulvo ; elytris albis, tertio basali et plaga laterali 
pone medium, fuscis ; antennis longissimis. 

Ceylon. 

Brown, densely pubescent; prothorax strongly spined, and 
with the head variously marked with dull ochreous lines; elytra 
strongly crested at the base, the shoulders produced, the basal 
third and a large external sub-triangular patch below the middle 
(the former slightly varied with ochreous) dark-brown, the re- 
mainder of the elytra nearly a pure white ; scutellum fulvous ; 
legs and underneath a pale ochreous brown; antenne very long. 

Length 9 lines. 

The specimen wants the three last joints of the antennae, 
what remains is about twice the length of the body. 


Cereopsius histrio. 

C. niger; capite prothoraceque vittis, elytris maculis albis, 

ornatis, his fortiter biapiculatis. 

ATU, 

Black, with lines and patches of white hairs; front and cheeks 
white; on the prothorax five longitudinal stripes; each elytron 
with two principal spots, one before—the other behind—the middle, 
with a few smaller ones interspersed, all very distinct ; antenne 
with the base of the third and fourth joints, and nearly the whole 
of the sixth, white; legs varied; under surface at the sides 
spotted with white. 

Length 4 lines. 

OsTEDES. 

Head broad, elongate behind; face very short; eyes large, 
lateral, emarginate ; mandibles small; labrum narrow, entire, elon- 
gate; palpi slender, pointed; antennz distant, longer than the 
body, setaceous, the first joint moderate, the third and fourth 
longest; prothorax longer than wide, rough, the sides armed ; 
elytra scarcely wider than the thorax, narrowed towards the apex ; 
legs rather slender; femora clavate, the anterior and intermediate 
coxe large, the first tarsal joint elongate. 

I am not satisfied as to the affinities of this insect. Its habit 
suggests Monohammus— M. proletarius for example —but the elon- 
gated tarsi are not usual among that portion of the Lamide ; it 
has, moreover, a strong resemblance to some of the Cerambycide. 
A second species is found in Amboyna. 


44 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Ostedes pauperata. (PI. II. fig. 1.) 


O. brunneo-picea, hirsutula ; prothorace quadrituberculato ; 


elytris basi plumiferis, canis, lateribus fusco-variis. 
Aru. 


Reddish brown, inclining to pitchy, more or less furnished with 
short setulose black hairs; prothorax with a stout tubercle at 
the side, and two smaller ones on the disc ; elytra remotely punc- 
tured, slightly crested near the base, the crest crowned with a few 
stiff hairs, and abruptly divaricate and pointed at the apex, whitish 
grey, the sides with an irregular brown patch, and spotted with 
the same colour; legs and beneath with a sparse cinereous pile ; 
femora varied with grey and brown, lower half of the tibia, and 
three last tarsal joints, dark brown; pro- and mesosterna simple. 

Length 6 lines. 


Cacia triloba. 


C. picea, parce pubescens ; prothorace vittis quinque, scutello 
elytrisque maculis, subfasciatis dispositis, flavis, macul4 com- 
muni basali trilob4; antennis nigris, articulo quarto basi 
albo; pedibus variegatis. 

Ceylon. 


Pitchy black, covered with a thin greyish pubescence, with 
stripes and spots of pale fulvous yellow; prothorax with a central 
and two lateral lines; elytra sparingly punctured, with an irregular 
spot, resembling the letter M, at the shoulder, a trilobed patch, 
common to both, at the scutellum, and two bands below, formed 
each by a double line of spots more or less distinct ; antennz 
shorter than the body, black, basal half of the fourth joint dull 
white ; legs and beneath yellowish, varied with dark brown. 

Length 7 lines. 


Olenocamptus clarus. 


O. ater, pube nived densissime tectus ; capite, prothorace, ely- 
trisque maculis atris ornatis; pedibus brunneis; antennis 
testaceis, articulis tertié quartdque scabris. 

China Borealis. 


Black, covered with a very dense snowy-white pubescence, and 
spotted with black ; on the head, one spot behind the eye and five 
posteriorly on the prothorax (two, sometimes united, on the median 
line, and two or three at the side), and on each elytron three placed 
longitudinally ; legs light brown, sparingly pubescent; antenne 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 45 


testaceous, the third and fourth joints scabrous; beneath with a 
black spot on the side of each abdominal segment. 

Length 5—7 lines. 

Differs from all the other species of this genus in the simple, 
not corrugated prothorax. 


Callia chrysomelina. 


C. sub-depressa, purpureo-cerulzea ; capite, thorace, antennarum 
articulo primo basi, femoribusque (apice excepto) luteis, reli- 
quis (antennis pedibusque) nigris. 

Para. 

Rather depressed ; head, thorax, first joint of the antennz at 
the base, and femora, except at the apex (in the post-femora 
almost entirely), luteous yellow; elytra rather broad, thickly 
punctured, purplish blue, clothed with short stiff obliquely-set 
black hairs; rest of antenna, legs, and points of the mandibles, 
black ; abdomen beneath steel blue. 

Length 43 lines, 

Serville is probably in error in describing the eyes of this genus 
as being entire; they are very deeply and decidedly emarginated 
in this and other species which I have examined. 


Ivlea proxima. 


I. rufo-testacea ; oculis mandibulisque nigris; antennis longis, 
articulo quarto apice, et sequentibus fuscis. 

Ceylon. 

Reddish testaceous, sparingly pubescent; eyes and mandibles 
black ; antennz twice the length of the body, the fourth joint at 
the apex, and remainder blackish brown. 

Length 4 lines. 

Near J. prolata, but the prothorax narrower, and the elytra 
wider and less pubescent. 


Tolea histrio. 


I. fusca, pubescens ; prothorace duabus, elytris basi et maculis 
utrinque duabus (quarum una perampla) apiceque fulvis ; 
subtus pedibusque testaceis ; metathorace lateribus macula 
nigra lunari ornato. 


Ceylon. 


Coarsely pubescent, dark brown, becoming gradually lighter 
posteriorly ; prothorax and elytra with well-defined fulvous 


46 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


yellow patches, one on each side of the former, and on the latter 
one very large at the base, and another nearly as large and some- 
what oblique rather below the middle, and in each case uniting at 
the suture with its fellow, between these a smaller spot, and 
another, crescent-shaped, near the apex; body beneath, and legs 
testaceous ; a black lunar mark on each side of the metathorax ; 
antenne fulvous, with the two first and tips of the other joints 
black. 

Length 43 lines. 

Differs in coloration from all others in this genus. 


Astathes externa. 


A. flava, nitida; elytris vix carinatis, subtilissime punctatis, 
plaga exteriori sub-humerali, violacea ; metathorace macula 
magna laterali, nigricante. 

India. 

Pale yellow, head and prothorax darker; elytra with a very 
faint trace of two carinz very minutely punctured, and towards 
the shoulder externally a large rich violet patch; antenne darker 
at the apex; metathorax with a blackish spot on each side; 
eyes and mandibles black. 

Length 6 lines. 

Besides colour, &c., differs from 4. splendida in its minute 
punctuation. 


Astathes decipiens. 


A. flava, nitida; elytris quadricarinatis vix punctatis, dimidio 
basali violaceis ; metathorace lateribus oculisque nigris, his, 
parte inferiori, rotundatis. 

Sumatra. 


Pale yellow, inclining to orange on the head and prothorax ; 
elytra with short stiff hairs, scarcely punctate, except at the base, 
with four raised lines, the two nearest the suture strongly marked, 
the basal half rich violet; side of the metathorax with a blackish 
patch ; antennz with the four last joints, mandibles, and eyes 
black, the latter having the inferior portion round, 

Length 6 lines. 

Closely allied to 4. splendida, F., but rather broader, the elytra 
almost free from punctures, except at the base, the hairs coarser, 
the raised lines more strongly developed, and the lower portion of 
the eye almost perfectly round; in A. splendida, too, the antenne 
are darker to.a much greater extent. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 47 


Astathes divisa. 

A. flavo-aurantiaca, nitida; elytris bicarinatis, reticulato-punc- 
tatis, parte basali (suturo excepto) violaceis; tibiis apice, 
tarsisque, fuscatis. 

India. 

Dark orange yellow, lighter beneath; elytra with two strongly 
raised lines, and near the external margin a slight trace of another, 
hairy, punctured, the punctures towards the apex very large and 
having a reticulated appearance, the basal half rich violet, not ex- 
tending, however, to the suture; antenne with the eight last joints 
testaceous, darker towards the apex; lower part of the tibiz and 
tarsi brownish; eyes and mandibles black. 

Length 63 lines. 

This is also allied to 4. splendida, F., but the -punctuation has 
the reticulated character of 4. nitens, F. A. Daldorfii, Ill. (Wiede- 
mann, Arch. fur Zoologie, iv. p. 136) certainly includes three 
species, of which this, or 4. splendida, may be one. 


Notolophia dispersa. 

N. picea, dense griseo-tomentosa, parce hirsuta; prothorace 
bituberculato; elytris basi cristatis, fusco-variis, apice rotun- 
datis. 

Australia Borealis. 


_ Pitchy, covered with a short thick woolly whitish grey pube- 
scence, with several slender nearly erect hairs scattered over every 
part of the insect, black on the upper parts, but white at the sides 
and on the antenne and legs; prothorax with two tubercles in the 
middle ; elytra sparingly punctured at the base, a plumose crest 
between the shoulder and scutellum, a large brown patch behind 
the shoulder inclosing the crest, and a crescent-shaped line below 
the middle of the same colour, the grey above this being of a 
lighter shade than elsewhere; antennz rather short, dark brown, 
obscurely annulated with grey ; base of the palpi testaceous, last 
joints and mandibles pitchy; eyes black. British Museum. 

Length 5 lines. 


Notolophia variabilis. 
N. picea, pubescens, fusco griseoque-varia ; prothorace integro ; 
elytris singulis tricristatis (una basali, alteris pone medium) 
apice truncatis. 


Aru. 
Pitchy, with a short dense pubescence, varying from pale grey 


48 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


to different shades of brown, the colouring much less distinct in 
some individuals than in others; prothorax rather transverse, 
convex, quite entire; each elytron with two raised lines, on the 
innermost of which are seated three crests, one at the base, one 
directly behind the middle, and the third on the declivity towards 
the apex, the first of these crowned with short hairs, apex trun- 
cate; palpi testaceous. 

Length 5 lines. 

There are four other species of this genus from Aru in Mr. 
Wallace’s private collection. 


Sthenias Bondi. 


S. pubescens, roseo-griseus; capite, prothorace, elytrisque basi, 
fusco-Vvittatis, his fascié mediana triangulari (apice scutellum 
versus) tarsisque fuscis. 

India. 


Pubescent, greyish with a delicate rose-coloured tint; stripes 
over the head, thorax, and basal third of the elytra brownish, the 
first begins over and between the eyes, and as it passes to the 
elytron divides into two, the other at the side expands on the 
shoulder into a broad patch, below this and with the apex towards 
the scutellum, a triangular brownish band ; tarsi brown, 

Length 8 lines. 


Dedicated to Frederick Bond, Esq., one of our members, to 
whom I am indebted for this and many other interesting insects. 


PHEMONE. 


Head rather large; eyes small, emarginate ; palpi elongate, slen- 
der, acuminate; labrum produced, narrower anteriorly, covering 
the mandibles; antennz setaceous, longer than the body in the male, 
the third joint longest, the rest gradually decreasing ; prothorax 
broader behind ; elytra depressed; legs robust, tarsi with the 
three first joints short and very broad in both sexes; pro- and 
mesosterna produced. 

Proposed for my Apomecyna frenata (Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S. iv. 
p. 107), a species which, from its antennae, tarsi and other cha- 
racters, cannot be retained in that genus. 


Phemone frenata. (PI. II. fig. 5.) 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 49 


ATHEMISTUS. 


Head rather small, the front broad, quadrate, smooth ; antennz 
distant, shorter than the body, the third joint longest ; eyes small, 
deeply emarginate, embracing the base of the antenne; labrum 
short; palpi long, slender, acuminate; prothorax irregular, sub- 
quadrate, spined at the side; elytra convex, somewhat compressed, 
broadest at the middle; legs moderate; femora subclavate ; 
tibiz simple; tarsi not dilated, the first joint of the posterior 
longer than the rest ; pro- and mesosterna not produced. 

The type of this genus is Parmena rugosula, Guér. Microtragus, 
White, its nearest ally, differs in its approximate antenne, nearly 
entire eye, narrow and rounded front, and obliquely deflexed 
occiput. 

Apomecyna nigrita, 

A. fusca, opaca; capitis fronte bigibbosis; prothorace con- 
fertim, elytris fortiter punctatis, his basi subcristatis, apice 
emarginatis, utrinque plagis duabus obsoletis. 

Australia Borealis. 

Dark brown, opaque; two raised points between the eyes; 
prothorax thickly punctured, slightly narrowed behind; elytra 
coarsely punctured, the base slightly crested, the apex emarginate, 
the outer angle pointed, and having on each, laterally, two large 
almost obsolete patches; the antenne are not perfect, but appear 
to be rather longer than is usual in this genus. British Museum, 

Length 5 lines. 

The insect resembles a worn specimen of A. histrio, F. 


Hathlia grammica. 

H. obscure albo-pubescens; capite, prothoraceque grisescente 
nebulosis, hoc rude punctatis ; elytris lineis angustis griseis, 
longitudinaliter dispositis. 

Australia Borealis. 

Pubescent, dull white; head and prothorax obscurely clouded 
with greyish, the latter coarsely but not closely punctured, and as 
broad behind as the base of the elytra; scutellum very transverse ; 
elytra slightly punctured, principally at the base, broadest in the 
middle and having each about six narrow longitudinal greyish 
brown lines, but not quite reaching to the apex, which is rather 
abruptly pointed; antennz darker towards the end; the legs and 
underneath of a dirty white ; mandibles and eyes black. British 
Museum. 

Length 8 lines. 

VOL. V. N. Ss. PART Il, MAY, 1859. E 


50 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Hathlia murina. 


H. pallide-murina pubescens ; prothorace vix punctato; elytris 
parce punctatis, pilis elongatis aspersis. 
Australia Borealis. 


Pubescent, pale yellowish grey ; head with a depressed line 
between the eyes; prothorax broadest posteriorly, scarcely punc- 
tured; elytra sparingly punctured, with two indistinct lines on 
each, the sides rather lighter in colour; under surface and legs 
dull white; antennez darker towards the end, and annulated with 
grey. British Museum. 

Length 5 lines. 

Mr. Thomson proposes to substitute Mycerinus for Hathlia, 
which he says has been previously used for a genus of Lamelli- 
cornes: but Athlia is, I think, the word referred to. The genus 
has, hitherto, been found in Australia in the north only, but it 
occurs also in India and in Senegal. 


Hathlia procera. 

H. elongata, grisea; prothorace rugoso, subcylindrico; elytris 
parallelis, basi confertim, postice seriatim punctatis, obscure 
albo-nigroque variegatis, apice truncato; antennis setaceis, 
corpore longioribus. 


Ceylon. 


Elongate, greyish ; prothorax subcylindrical, rough, with coarse 
punctures ; elytra parallel for about three quarters of their length, 
cylindrical, thickly punctured at the base, the punctures in rows 
towards the apex, which is truncate, the surface obscurely varied 
with black and white, behind the middle a larger patch, principally 
white predominating ; scutellum transverse ; antenng setaceous, 
longer than the body. 

Length 63 lines. 

The habit is somewhat different from the true Hathlie, and in 
some respects approaching Ropica. ‘The true distinction between 
Hathlia and Apomecyna appears to be in the antennee, which in the 
former are setaceous, and as long or longer than the body, whilst 
in the latter they are very short, and after the first joint of nearly 
equal thickness throughout, but in neither genus are the species 
homogeneous. 


Ropica incana. 


R. sub-depressa, canescente-tomentosa ; elytris seriatim punc- 
tatis, singulis plaga fusca, apicem versus, ornatis. 


Aru. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 51 


Rather depressed, pitchy brown, covered with a very pale grey 
tomentose pubescence ; prothorax narrower in front, finely punc- 
tured ; elytra regularly punctured, each with a dark brown 
oblique sub-apical patch, nearly meeting at the suture. 

Length 5 lines. 


Ropica stigmatica. 


R. sub-depressa, fusca, obsolete griseo-vittata; elytris seriatim 
punctatis, plagd sub-mediand communi grisea, maculisque 
duabus albis; antennis, palpis, pedibusque ferrugineis. 


Aru. 


Rather depressed, dark brown, with faint greyish interrupted 
irregular stripes ; prothorax sparingly punctured; elytra with the 
punctures in rows, a large pale greyish blotch at about the middle, 
extending towards the apex, and common to both, in which on 
each side are two white spots; beneath dark brown or black, with 
a sparse greyish pile ; antenna, palpi, and legs dull ferruginous. 

Length 3 lines. 


Ropica varipennis. 


R. fusca, disperse punctata, griseo-variegata ; elytris basi ter- 
tiaque terminali pallide fulvis, hac macula semicirculari alba 
ornata, disco ante medium cinereo; antennis annulatis. 


Aru. 


Dark brown, with a short greyish pubescence, varied with 
cinereous and buff; prothorax rather short, finely punctured, dull 
cinereous ; elytra more coarsely punctured, greyish, with the base 
buff, the middle occupied by a cinereous patch and rather more of 
the terminal third buff again, within this a semicircle of pure 
white, below which, and also at the lines where the buff meets the 
grey, chocolate brown; beneath greyish brown; mandibles and 
palpi pitchy. 

Length 23 lines. 


Ropica preusta. 


R. griseo-fusca; prothorace disco, lateribusque infra, sub- 
seriatim punctato; elytris acuminatis, rude punctatis, macula 
exteriori, ante apicem, picea. 

Ceylon. 

Greyish brown; head and prothorax roughly punctured, in the 

latter in four principal rows, with several others crowded irre- 
E2 


52 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


cularly beneath at the sides; elytra acuminate, rather depressed, 
coarsely punctured in rows, with a pitchy oblong oval spot at 
the outer margin near the apex. 

Length 4 lines. 


Colobothea longimana. 

C. obscure-cervina, fulvo-nigroque varia; antennis pedibusque 
fuscis, pro-femoribus pro-tibiisque longissimis, his intus spi- 
nulosis. 

Brasilia (Espiritu Santo). 


Dull cervine, with an obscure mingling of fulvous and black 
spots and patches; on the prothorax the fulvous very slight, four 
black spots on its dise and three or four more on each side; on 
the elytra the black assumes somewhat the form of three irregular 
and interrupted bands, more or less bordered with fulvous ; be- 
neath with a greyish pubescence; legs and antenne dark brown, 
the latter with its joints slightly annulated with cinereous ; pro- 
femora and pro-tibize very long, the latter with eight or nine small 
spines beneath ; humeral angle produced. 

Length 63 lines. 

This is a remarkable species, and might be, perhaps, considered 
the type of a new genus. 


Colobothea Fryi. 

C. atra; capite supra, prothorace, elytrisque vittis duabus albis 
communibus apicem versus ad fasciam connexis ; antennarum 
articulo sexto annulato. 

Para. 


Rather narrow, black ; a white line in front, which on the top of 
the head divides into two, and, passing over the thorax and elytra, 
unite by two or three slight branches with each other and with a 
fascia near the apex, which has a fringe of the same colour; under 
surface with a greyish pubescence, and having a broad white stripe 
extending from below the eye to the fourth abdominal segment, 
the seventh being entirely black; two first joints of the middle 
and posterior tarsi cinereous; basal half or more of the sixth an- 
tennal joint white. 

Length 83 lines. 

This well-marked and handsome insect is dedicated to Alex- 
ander Fry, Esq., F.L.S., &c., who has made an unusually fine 
collection of Brazilian insects of all orders, at Rio. To him I owe 
my earliest specimens, which, having contributed to relieve the 
monotony of a long voyage, gave me a first taste for Entomology. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 53 


Colobothea luctuosa. 

C. nigra; capite vittis tribus, prothorace quinque, elytris sin- 
gulis duabus, una humerali, alteraé medio-suturali, ochraceis, 
his fascia apicali, macula, tertid terminali, antennarum arti- 
culis quarto sextoque basi, albis. 

Para. 


Dull black, a pale ochreous stripe from the top of the head 
over the prothorax, and another on each side which extends over 
the third of the elytra, between the latter and towards the apex 
a fine line of the same colour close to the suture, the apex and 
spot between it and the outer stripe white; side of the prothorax 
and mesothorax dull white; abdomen, except the two last seg- 
ments, greyish; fourth and sixth antennal joints white at the 
base. 

Length 43 lines. 


Anomesia dolosa. 
A. picea, pubescens, obscure-cinerea, griseo-fuscoque variegata ; 
antennis subannulatis. 


Natal. 


Pitchy, with a dense pale cinereous pubescence, obscurely 
varied with greyish and brown; antennze with the three first 
joints and the upper half of the remainder pale brown. 

Length 4 lines. 

In the description of this genus (Trans. Ent. Soc., N. S., iv. 
p- 255) I omitted to mention the slight projection at the side of 
the prothorax, which is rather exaggerated in the figure, and is 
even less evident in this species. 


Saperda funesta. 


M. picea, punctata, disperse hirsuta, griseo-irrorata ; antennis 
sub-annulatis. 


Australia (Adelaide). 


Pitchy, inclining to olivaceous black, with a few short stiff 
hairs and small greyish spots scattered over the upper surface, but 
principally confined to the elytra, which are thickly and coarsely 
punctured ; antenne with the fourth, fifth and sixth joints with an 
obscure greyish ring at their bases; front of the head and under 
part greyish. 

Length 4 lines. 

Allied to Saperda paulla, Germ. 


54 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Amphionycha circumeincta. 


A. hirsuta, pallide straminea; capite prothoraceque supra, 
elytris basi, discoque chalybeo-nigris; antennis pedibusque 
fusco-variis. 

Flumen Amazon. 

Rather short, hairy, pale straw yellow, with the upper part of 
the head and prothorax, scutellum, base, and nearly the whole of 
the elytra, except the pale yellow, which forms a complete border 
around them, dark chalybeate blue; eyes, tips of the mandibles, 
stripe on the upper edge of all the femora, tibiz and tarsi, a stripe 
also on the first antennal joint, the second and third, except a 
small line below, and the whole of the seventh to the eleventh, dark 
brown. 

Length 4 lines. 

The elytra of this remarkable species are bent at the sides as in 
Hemilophus. 


Glenea scapifera. 


G. fulvo-pubescens ; prothorace vittis sextis, elytris utriusque 
maculis quatuor, antennisque nigris ; pedibus testaceis ; abdo-« 
mine pallido, nigro-maculato. 

Ceylon. 

Yellowish brown, with a lighter pubescence; prothorax with 
six longitudinal stripes; elytra with one at the base and three 
larger rounded spots on each, and antenne black ; legs testaceous ; 
abdomen pale, spotted with black at the sides. 

Length 5 lines. 

Near G. quatuordecim-maculata, Hope. 


Glenea commissa. 


G. nigro-chalybeata, nitida, vitta communi median4, prothorace 

vitta utrinque, elytrisque duabus lateralibus albis. 

Ceylon. 

Shining steel black; a white hairy stripe, arising from under 
each eye and uniting above, is continued over the prothorax and 
along the suture to the apex of the elytra, another on each side of 
the prothorax, and two at the side of each elytron ; under surface 
pure white, with a stripe on each side of the thorax, and spots on 
the abdomen steel black. 

Length 7 lines. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 55 


Pachypeza simplex. 


»P. sub-linearis, fusco-brunnea, punctata; elytris singulis vitta 
grisea obliqua ornatis ; antennis simplicibus. 

Para. 

Narrow, the sides nearly parallel, except at the shoulder, mode- 
rately punctured; prothorax quadrate; elytra with one long 
oblique pale greyish stripe, extending from the shoulder to the 
suture near the apex; antenne not hairy, the third, fourth and 
fifth joints nearly equal. 

Length 5 lines. 

The antenne are rather more distant at the base than in 
P. pennicornis, Germ., to which it is allied. 


EsMtiA. 


Head short in front; eyes lateral, slightly emarginate; palpi 
unequal, slender, the terminal joint pointed ; antenne approxi- 
mate, longer than the body, the first four joints very hairy and 
much longer than the rest together ; prothorax unarmed, elongate, 
narrow, the sides nearly parallel; elytra moderate, wider than 
the thorax, rounded at the apex ; legs moderate, with the three 
first tarsal joints short; mesosternum bilobed posteriorly. 

Pachypeza, the nearest ally of this genus, differs in its shorter 
(comparatively) and very robust legs, and in the antennz, which 
are of the normal character; the eyes, too, are larger and more 
frontal, and the head much deeper. In the species now to be 
described, the first four joints of the antenne are twice the length 
of the remainder. 


Esmia turbata, (PI. Il. fig. 8.) 


E. fusca, hirsutula, maculis elongatis, citrinis ornata; anten- 
narum articulo quarto fulvo-annulatis ; corpore infra, pedi- 
busque pallidis. 

Para: 


Pubescent, brown, with long scattered hairs and various elongate 
spots of a pale lemon yellow on the upper surface, especially a 
line from the vertex over the prothorax and along the suture, 
interrupted in the middle of the elytra, and terminating in a patch 
of the same colour at the apex ; upper part of the fourth antennal 
joint, tarsi, face, cheeks and under surface pale yellowish. 

Length 4 lines. 


56 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Whilst these sheets were passing through the press we received 
the new species from Australia described below. The first five 
were collected by Mr. Bakewell, at Melbourne; the remainder 
were sent from Moreton Bay by Mr. Diggles. 


Mecynopus semivitreus. 


M. ferrugineus ; elytris postice sub-divergentibus, nitidis, ma- 
culis duabus elongatis, testaceis; femorum basi, tarsisque 
posticis albis. 

Melbourne. 

Ferruginous; head rather coarsely, prothorax more finely and 
closely punctured, the latter sub-cylindrical, its dise with five 
very slight tubercles; elytra broadest at the shoulder, slightly 
contracted beyond the middle, diverging a little posteriorly, each 
with two large, longitudinal, glassy, testaceous spots ; bases of the 
femora and posterior tarsi white. 

Length 43 lines. 

The type of this genus is from Tasmania (JM. cothurnatus, Er.). 


Tritocosma paradoxa. 


T. atra, opaca; elytris rubris; antennarum articulis primis 

tertiisque elongatis, valde clavatis, reliquis brevissimis. 

Melbourne. 

Black, opaque; prothorax finely corrugated, with four slight 
tubercles on its disc, the side bluntly toothed, anterior and posterior 
margins pale reddish; elytra pure red, tricostulate, the interstices 
finely punctured ; antennze longer than the body, the first and 
third joimts very long and much enlarged at their tips, the last 
eight together not longer than the third; eyes pale; tibia and 
tarsi tinged with red. 

Length 5 lines. 

I have seen two specimens of this singular insect, which is 
allied to J. Roct, Hope. 


Ischnotes Bakewellit. 


I. nigrescens ; prothorace subtilissime punctato, lateribus con- 
eavis ; elytris brunneis, creberrime punctatis. 

Blackish brown ; head rather narrower than the prothorax, with 

a raised line between the eyes, antenne much shorter than the 

body, the first joint pitchy; prothorax minutely punctured, two- 

thirds the length of the elytra, somewhat broader anteriorly, the 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 57 


sides slightly concave; elytra narrow, parallel, brownish, thickly 
but rather coarsely punctured; legs short, rufous brown; ab- 
domen paler, with greyish hairs. 

Length 6 lines. 

Omotes erosicollis. 

O. testaceus; prothorace rotundato, depresso, subtilissime 
punctato, medio eroso; elytris fortiter punctatis. 

Melbourne. 

Testaceous; head small, very roughly punctate; prothorax 
rounded, depressed, very finely punctured, scarcely longer than 
broad, narrower anteriorly, the disc with a large shining erose, 
coarsely punctured patch ; elytra parallel, with large closely set 
punctures, having a short stiff hair arising from the base of each ; 
abdomen smooth, with the three first segments pitchy. 

Length 43 lines. 

Pempsamacra vestita. 

P. brunnea, squamis griseo-argenteis ; antennis brevibus, sub- 
clavatis, fuscis, articulo quinque (apice except) albo; elytris 
macula mediana fusca apice subrotundata. 

Melbourne. 

Brownish yellow, covered with silvery grey scales ; head nearly 
as wide as the thorax; eyes rather small, deeply divided, black ; 
antenne short, the last six joints much shorter and thicker than 
the rest, the fifth white, except at the apex; prothorax longer 
than wide, with an impressed line in the middle ; elytra depressed, 
the angle formed by the depression terminating posteriorly in 
a prominent tuberosity, the apex sub-truncate, a chestnut brown 
spot in the middle of each; beneath silvery white. 

Length 5 lines. 

Lepidisia bimaculata, White, is Pempsamacra pygm@a, Newman. 


Diotma. 

Head small, expanded behind the eyes, which are large, oblong, 
and nearly entire, labrum nearly covering the strongly curved 
mandibles; maxillary palpi very long, the last joint dilated, trun- 
cate ; antenne short, setaceous, the third joint longest. Prothorax 
small, subquadrate, irregular. Elytra long, parallel, depressed, 
rounded at the apex. Legs slender, coxz of the middle and an- 
terior legs conical, approximate, their tibize spined at the end ; 
tarsi narrow, the first joint lengthened. 

This genus seems to belong to the Cerambycini, although there 
are certain points which suggest an affinity to the Lepturide. I have 
seen a male without antenne ; the description is from a female. 


58 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Diotima undulata. (PI. II. fig. 9.) 


D. fusca, subsericeo-pubescens ; elytris fasciis tribus undulatis 
olivaceo-testaceis. 


Moreton Bay. 


Dark brown, with a silky pubescence, underneath paler; head 
small, narrower than the prothorax, which is slightly constricted 
anteriorly and bulging out at the side; elytra broader than the 
prothorax, tricostulate, projecting forwards at the shoulder, with 
three zigzag brownish testaceous bands—the first basal, varied 
and indistinct, the second in the middle, the third near the apex; 
legs slender; scutellum small, triangular; abdomen soft. 

Length 16 lines (?). 


Psilomorpha-apicalis. 

P. elongata, rufo-aurantiaca ; abdomine, oculis, antennis, pedi- 

busque nigris; elytris apice chalybeatis. 

Moreton Bay. 

Elongate, slender, reddish orange; abdomen, eyes, antenne, 
palpi and legs black; prothorax twice as long as wide; elytra 
with three delicate cost, the interstices very finely punctured ; 
apex chalybeate blue. 

Length 5 lines. 

Rhagiomorpha exilis. 
R. ferrugineo-brunnea; prothorace lateribus sub-dentatis ; ely- 
tris albo-bilineatis ; antennarum articulo tertio apice nigro- 
fasciculato. 


Moreton Bay. 


Elongate, rusty brown; head minutely punctured, with a broad 
dark brown front ; prothorax finely corrugated, slightly toothed 
at the side; elytra narrow, tapering, with two lines of white hairs ; 
antennee a little longer than the body, the hind joint with a tuft of 
black hairs at the tip; underneath silvery white. 

Length 6 lines. 

The head is broader and the femora less clavate than in 
R. lepturoides. 


Tritocosmia Digglesi. 
T. atra, nitida; elytris, femoribus anticis mediisque, rubro- 
aurantiacis, illis apice chalybeatis. 


Moreton Bay. 


Deep glossy black, but the abdomen with a blueish tinge ; 
elytra, fore and middle femora rich reddish orange, the former 
with four coste, the interstices very closely and minutely punc- 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 59 


tured, the apex chalybeate blue; prothorax with two tubercles on 
its disc, with short thickset hairs, not always present however; 
antenne sparingly pilose, the fifth and following joints dilated on 
one side; third anterior tarsal joint narrower than the second. 
Length 11 lines. 
The tuft on the third antennal joint, which is supposed to cha- 
racterise this genus, is deciduous. 


Temnosternus dissimilis. 


T. piceus, fulvescente-pubescens ; prothorace fortiter punctato, 
transverso, utrinque dentato; elytris latioribus, medio-cari- 
natis, acuminatis, profunde punctatis, albo-fuscoque variegatis. 

Moreton Bay. 

Dark brown, with a close fulvous pubescence; head greyish 
white in front; prothorax transverse, strongly punctured, with a 
broad, smooth, elevated, longitudinal line; elytra broader than 
the thorax, coarsely punctured, keeled along the back, acuminate 
at the apex, the sides at about the middle having a large brown 
patch, bordered, except at the external margin, with white and 
shading off into yellowish posteriorly, with a few spots of white 
again; antenne, legs and body beneath greyish; middle of the 
abdomen pitchy. 

Length 7 lines. 


Meton Digglesii. 

* M. fuscus, grisescente-tomentosus; prothorace Jateribus for- 
titer spinosis, fusco-bivittato; elytris apice macula sub- 
ocellata ornatis. 

Moreton Bay. 

Dark brown, with a dense pale yellowish grey pile; a broad 
dark stripe behind the eye and along the sides of the prothorax, 
which has a strong lateral spine ; scutellum small, rounded ; elytra 
much wider than the thorax, tuberous and granulated at the base, 
smoky brown, darker towards the middle posteriorly, with a large 
comma-shaped spot having a clear yellowish grey border; lower 
third of the tibiae and tarsi varied with black. 

Length 8 lines. 


Symphyletes cinnamomeus. 

S. fuscus, cinereo-pubescens, luteo-irroratus ; prothorace punc- 
tato, disco tuberculis duobus ; elytris basi bicristatis, granu- 
latis, apice bidentatis, fascia curvatd humerali brunnea, altera 
Jata apicali. 

Moreton Bay. 


60 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera 


Dark brown, covered with short cinereous hairs and thickly 
sprinkled with small reddish yellow spots; front of the head and 
prothorax with large scattered punctures; elytra sparingly punc- 
tured and granulated, the shoulders much produced, with two 
crests, the outer formed by three large granules, the inner larger 
and more tuberous, the two placed in a large brown curved band 
passing behind the scutellum, and behind the middle another band 
or patch, much broader and paler, and extending to the apex ; 
eyes and mandibles black ; beneath pale brown. 

Length 11 lines. 


Rhytiphora polymita. 


R. nigro-picea, tomento rufo alboque varia; elytris punctis 

granulisque atris dispersis. 

Moreton Bay. 

Pitchy black, densely covered with short white hairs variously 
mingled with red or dark orange; head with a few rough punc- 
tures between the eyes; prothorax short, slightly corrugated and 
obscurely banded with red; elytra with small black granulations 
on the basal half and somewhat impressed spots on the remainder, 
both invariably placed among the white portion of the colours, 
and between which the red is intricately mingled; antenne sprinkled 
with black, the tips of the joints more or less of the same colour ; 
legs and undersurface clouded with red; mesosternum quadrate, 
scarcely emarginate. 

Length 14 lines. 


Rhytiphora cretata. 


R. nigro-picea, pube subtilissima tecta, lineis plagisque albo- 

varia; infra albo-tomentosa. 

Moreton Bay. 

Pitchy black, scarcely pubescent; head nearly smooth, a white 
patch on the cheek ; prothorax corrugated, with two principal lines 
of white; elytra irregularly punctured, with a few granulations at 
the base, and remotely blotched and spotted with white—one 
blotch at the side below the shoulder, behind the middle four or 
five patches forming a sort of oblique band, and towards the apex 
two or three more but less distinct, at the base and along the 
suture several spots—all formed by densely set, short, white hairs ; 
antenne annulated with white; femora and beneath densely to- 
mentose, white, sprinkled with black ; tibize with a reddish tinge ; 
mesosternum deeply emarginate posteriorly. 

Length 13 lines. 


and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 61 


Ropica E.xocentroides. 

R. pallide fuscescens; prothoracis disco, scutelloque nigris ; 
elytris basi tuberosis, fusco-nebulosis, tertia terminali pallida, 
macula fusc&é communi maculisque duabus albis. 

Moreton Bay. 


Pale greyish brown; middle of the prothorax and scutellum 
black ; elytra irregularly punctured, tuberous at the base, clouded 
behind the middle, the terminal third pale, with two white spots 
on each and a dark brown one common to both; antenn# annu~ 
lated ; posterior femora pale tawny. 


Length 3 lines. 
Allied to R. varipennis from Aru. 


Microtragus Amycteroides. 


M. obscuro-niger; prothorace ampliato, tuberculato, utrinque 
spinoso; elytris: rugoso-punctatis, tuberculorum — seriebus 
duabus tertia terminali vix attingentibus, 


Moreton Bay. 


Dull black; head very oblique above the eyes; antennze about 
two-thirds the length of the body; prothorax large, broadest in 
the middle, strongly toothed at the side, and very roughly and 
irregularly tuberculate; scutellum very small; elytra convex, 
sparingly but coarsely punctured, each with two rows of stout 
prominent tubercles—external row with eight, the inner with six 
and one at the shoulder, scarcely extending the apical third; 
mesosternum narrower posteriorly, and slightly emarginate. 

Length 10 lines. 


DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES, PLATE II. 
Fig. 1. Ostedes pauperata. 

. Eroschema Poweri. 

- Oxylymma lepida, 

- Collyrodes Lacordairei. 

. Phemone frenata. 

+ Dystheta anomala. 

. Thranius bimaculatus. 

. Esmia turbata. 

9. Diotima undulata. 


CNIPHDUMNL WNW — 


Nore.—At page 14, line 1, substitute Aspidomorpha for Coptocycla. Stenoderus 
labiatus (page 24) is identical with Kirby’s S. Ceramboides, and this again is cer- 
tainly only a variety of Olivier’s S. sutwralis. Mr. Thomson’s genus Nitocris 
(Arch. Ent. Pt. 15, p. 198) corresponds to my Dirphya (ante, vol. iv. p. 262, 
published the Sth April, 1858). The 15th part of the ‘“ Archives” had not 
appeared up to the first of June in the same year. 


2h Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


Ill. A Monograph of the Genus Adolias, a Genus of 
Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Nympha- 
lide. Sy Freperic Moore, Esq., Assist. Museum, 
Hon. East Ind. Company. 


[Read Oct. 5th, 1857.] 


Brine engaged upon the present genus in the compilation of a 
descriptive ‘‘ Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the 
Museum of the Hon, East India Company,” and knowing that 
many of the species of Adolzas described by the earlier authors 
have not been thoroughly worked out, I have endeavoured in 
the following pages to supply descriptions of some of those which 
have, hitherto, been imperfectly identified, and also of the new 
species contained in the various collections in this country, viz., 
from the Collections of the British Museum, Hon. East India 
Company, Entomological Society of London, Hopean Collection 
at Oxford, W. W. Saunders, Esq., J. O. Westwood, Esq., and 
W. C. Hewitson, Esq., to whom my best thanks are due for the 
kindness in allowing their specimens to be described in the fol- 
lowing monograph. 


Genus Apottas, Boisduval. 


Adolias, Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lép. Planches, p. 2, t. 3, f. 2 
(1836); Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Di- 
urnal Lep. p. 289. 

Aconthea, Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus. East India Comp. t. 8, 
f. 6 (1829). 

Symphedra, Euthalia, Cymothoé (pt.), Hiibner. 

Nymphalis (pt.), Godart. 

Itanus, E. Doubleday, MS. (1847). 


1. Adolias Aconthea, Cramer. 


& ¢ Papilio Aconthea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. t. 134, f. D. E. 
o ENG. 254779): 

Nymphalis Aconthea, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 383. 

Cymothoé Aconthea, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 39. 

Adolias Aconthea, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lép. Planches, p. 2 
t. 3, f. 2 (1836); E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. 
pt. i. p. 103; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. I. 


of the Genus Adolias. 63 


$ Nymphalis Disconthea, Godart, Ene. Méth. ix. p. 384 
(1819). 
Aconthea primaria, Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus, E. I. C. t. 8, 
f. 6 (1829). 
Hab. Java. 
In Collection of East India Company, British Museum, W. W. 
Saunders, Esq., W. C. Hewitson, Esq. 


Adolias Aconthea.—Male. Urrrrstpe dark glossy olive brown: 
fore-wing with broad transverse indistinct band of irregular 
shaped spots, suffused anteriorly, and along the margins with 
black, the inner margin of these spots being convex, the outer 
zigzag, with the point inward; markings at the base of wing 
black : hind-nwing with inner zigzag narrow dark band, and outer 
row of small black triangular spots; markings within discoidal cell 
black. Unpersipe pale-brown, marked as above, but the fore- 
ming with the transverse band whitish, patch at apex of both 
wings whitish. 

Female paler olive-brown: fore-ning with brownish white 
band, suffused with dark brown on costal margin: hind-ning 
with inner row of small brownish-white spots, and outer row of 
triangular black spots; base of wings with black marks. UNpER- 
SIDE pale brown, with band of fore-wing whitish ; hind-wing with 
the inner row of whitish spots larger. 

Expanse of male 23, female 2% inches. 

The transformations of Adolias Aconthea are figured in the 
** Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the 
East India Company,” plate 6, fig. 1, 1 a, discovered in Java by 
Dr. Horsfield. Feeds on the Mango. 


2. Adolias Parta, Moore. (PI. Ul. fig. 1, ¢, ¢.) 


Adolias Parta, n. sp.—Male. Urrerstpe dark brown, with a 
vinaceous tinge: fore-wing with a paler transverse band, margined 
broadly on both sides with black, the anterior portion within, from 
costal margin on both sides, with a series of small white patches ; 
marks within discoidal cell black, with dark brown centres: hind- 
ming with an inner blackish band and outer row of small black 
spots. UnpersipE paler, marked as above. 

Female. Uvversive pale brown: fore-wing with broad whitish 
curved transverse band, with patch on costa and dark margins: 
hind-ning with rather broad inner band, and outer zigzag line, 
the point between each vein with a minute darker dot ; space be- 


64 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


tween inner band and base tinged with white; marks at base of 
wings blackish. Unpersipe pale dull ochreous, with paler mar- 
gins; markings as above, but very indistinct. 

Expanse of male 23, female 27 inches. 

Hab. Borneo. 

In Museum East India House and W. W. Saunders, Esq. 


8. Adolias Garuda, Moore. (PI. III. fig. 2, $, 2.) 


Adolias Garuda, n. sp—Male. Uprersinve glossy greenish- 
brown: fore-ming with costal margin to its middle, a broad irre- 
gular band from thence to posterior margin black, the latter bordered 
exteriorly, anteriorly from costal vein with five white spots 
(these spots being in some specimens more or less developed, and 
in others nearly or quite obsolete) ; two small white spots on 
costal margin, one-fourth from the apex; exterior margin and 
submarginal band blackish ; within discoidal cell first a short line, 
then two reniform marks, black: Aind-wing with curved dentate 
blackish band from middle of anterior margin to near abdominal 
margin; a submarginal row of small deep black spots; exterior 
margin near anal angle blackish ; within discoidal cell some black 
markings, and two small black spots without, one above, the other 
below the cell. Unpersipg light-chocolate-brown, greyish to- 
wards the base: fore-ming with black marks within discoidal cell 
as above; and a small black spot below it; the row of five white 
spots, and the two apical spots as above; from the latter across 
the disc to posterior margin runs a narrow interrupted black 
band; at the apex and along the exterior margin some bluish- 
grey spots: hind-wing with four lines within discoidal-cell, a small 
spot and two oval marks above, black ; an indistinct band across 
the disc; submarginal row of black spots as above; a patch of 
bluish-grey at anterior angle. Female pale brown, with a greenish 
gloss. Upprrsipe with markings as in male, but less defined ; 
the row of white spots of the fore-wing are larger, and the sub- 
marginal row of black spots on the hind-wing are also larger than 
in the male. Unpersipe as in that of the male, wings shaped as 
in Adolias Aconthea. 

Expanse of male 23, female 27 inches. 

Hab. N. et S. India, Ceylon. 

In Collection of East India Company, British Museum, W. W. 
Saunders, Esq.; et W. C. Hewitson, Esq. 

The transformations of 4. Garuda are figured among the ori- 
ginal drawings of General Hardwicke in the British Museum, 


of the Genus Adolias. 65 


and are copied from these on plate 6, fig. 2, 2 a, of the East India 
Company’s Catalogue of Lepidoptera. General Hardwicke states 
that it feeds on Trophis aspera, and on a species of Bryonia. 


4, Adolias Phemius, E. Doubleday. (PI. III. fig. 3, ¢, @.) 


$ Itanus Phemius, E. Doubleday, MS. 

Adolias Phemius, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291,n. 13, t. 41, f. 4 (1850). 

Hab. Darjeeling. 

In Museum East India Company, British Museum. 


Adolias Phemius.x—Male. Uprersipg dark brown: fore-wing 
with indistinct black submarginal band, marks within discoidal 
cell, and two spots and large patch below the cell; a series of 
longitudinal narrow white lines tapering from costal margin near 
the apex to middle of wing: hind-wing with basal two-thirds 
blackish ; from anal angle curving broadly upward to above 
middle of exterior margin light blue-green, the margin being 
white, and a black line along the extreme exterior margin, which is 
much dentated. Narrow ciliz white. Unpersipre dark brown, 
paler at the base : fore-mwing with longitudinal white lines, discoidal 
marks and black sub-marginal band as above: hind-ning with 
black discoidal marks, indistinct blackish sub-marginal band ; 
the bluish-green and white marginal band narrower, and with a 
small black spot at anal angle; extreme margin black, with 
narrow white ciliz. 

Female. Urrrrsive olive-brown: fore-ning with black dis- 
coidal markings; the series of longitudinal white lines wider than 
in the male; transverse lines blackish; apex slightly suffused with 
white. Underside pale brownish-buff, greyish at the base; dis- 
coidal markings black ; longitudinal whitish lines more confluent 
than above; apex of both wings tinged with white; transverse 
lines as above, but outer one on hind- wing composed of spots. 

Expanse of male 23 inches, female 34 inches. 


5. Adolias Anosia, Boisduval, MS. (PI. V. fig. 1, #, 2-) 


Adolias Anosia, n. sp—Male. UpprersipE dark ash-green, 
with the anterior margin of hind-wing broadly pinky-brown : fore- 
ning with broad transverse band of ashy-white irrorations ; black 
markings within discoidal cell, and some below it bordered with 
ashy-white irrorations: hind-wing with ashy-white irrorations on 
lower part of the disc, bordering the discoidal marks, and a spot 

VOL, V. N. S» PART IIl.—MAY, 18059. P 


66 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


above and below the cell, also bordering a sub-marginal row of 
black spots. Unprrsipr creamy-ash-colour, palest on the an- 
terior half, which is covered with rather indistinct darker short 
transverse striae, markings within and about discoidal cell black ; 
on the hind-wing an indistinct sub-marginal row of black spots. 

Female. UvrrrsipE paler ash-green than the male, exterior 
margins brownish; markings disposed the same : fore-wing with a 
curved row of five white spots from middle of costal margin; the 
irrorated band paler and more clearly defined; an indistinct 
inward oblique row of black spots from near apex to near 
middle of posterior margin: hind-wing with indistinct black 
curved band from middle of anterior to middle of abdominal 
margin, also an indistinct sub-marginal row of black spots. Un- 
DERSIDE paler than in the male, marked as upperside, with the 
curved row of five spots bordered inwardly with dark brown ; the 
indistinct oblique row of blackish spots from apex only to middle 
of the disc, the lower part being suffused with dark brown; ex- 
terior margin dark brown; hind-wing with indistinct inner band 
and sub-marginal row of large dark brown spots. Anterior wing 
in both sexes much faleated. 

Expanse of male 23, female 3 inches. 

Hab. N. India. 

In Museum East India Company. 


6. Adolias Alpheda, Godart. (PI. III. fig. 4, ¢, 2.) 


Nymphalus Alpheda, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 384 (1819). 

Adolias Alpheda, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 20. 

Hab. Java. 


In Museum East India Company. 


Adolias Alpheda may be distinguished by the male having the 
upperside dark olive green, with a pinky tinge broadly on an- 
terior margin of hind-wing, and by the deep greenish grey of the 
underside, and having a greenish gloss over the anterior half of 
the wings; also an indistinct white patch at and near the apex. 
The female by the very broad whitish band of the upperside of 
the fore-wing, and by the glaucous white underside, and ochreous 
marking. 


Expanse of male 23, female 2© inches. 
3? = 


of the Genus Adolias. 67 


7. Adolias Adonia, Cramer. 


? Papilio Adona, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. t. 255, f. C. D. 
(1782). 

Euthalia Adonia, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 41. 

Nymphalus Adonia, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 400. 

Adolias Adonia, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Di- 

urnal Lep. p. 291, n. 11. 
$ Aconthea Lubentina, Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. 
t. 5, f. 5 (nec Cramer). 

Hab. Java. 

In Museum East India Company. 

The female of Adolias Adonia may at once be distinguished 
from that sex of 4. Lubentina, by having the broad white band 
extending across the hind-wing, this being replaced in 4, Lu- 
bentina by a row of small crimson spots. 


8. Adolias Lubentina, Cramer. 


2 Papilio Lubentina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. t. 155, f. C. D. 
(1779); Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 121 (1793); 
Donovan, Ins..of China, t. 36, f. E. $. 

Euthaha Lubentina, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 41. 

Nymphalis Lubentina, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 400. 

Adolias Lubentina, Boisduval; E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. 
Mus. pt. i. p.*103; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewit- 
son’s Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 10. 

Hab. N. India, Ceylon. 

The male of Adolias Lubentina is correctly figured by Donovan 

and the female by Cramer. 

The transformations of 4. Lubentina have been discovered by 

A. Grote, Esq., of Calcutta, and will be figured in the Catalogue 
of the Lepidoptera in ‘the Museum of the East India Compare 


9. Adolias Kesava, Moore. (PI. Ill. fig. 5, $, @.) 


Adohas Kesava, n. sp.—Male. Urrersipr dark dusky brown; 
powdered across the disc with green. Unpersipe yellowish- 
ochreous, more dusky about the margins, with black discoidal 
marks ; two indistinct transverse blackish lines across the disc; 
below discoidal cell of fore-wing a small patch of black. Female. 
UpprrsipeE olive-brown : fore-wing with a transverse row of irre- 
gular spots, the first and second long, third shortest, fourth and 
fifth equal, but not so long as the two first, all indented on their 

B2 


68 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


outer margin, with the point inward: hind-mwing with two blackish 
transverse zigzag lines. Discoidal marks blackish. Unpxrstpr 
ochreous, dusky about the margins: fore-ning marked as in 
upperside, but with some suffused white at the apex, and a small 
patch of black below the discoidal cell, and another near the pos- 
terior angle: hind-wing with the transverse zigzag lines tinged 
with whitish within; broadly from the base of wing along abdo- 
minal margin to anal angle greenish-grey. Discoidal mark black. 

Expanse of male 23 inches ; female above 3 inches. 

Hab. Silhet, N. India. 

Tn the Collections of Entomological Society of London, British 
Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq. 


10. Adolias Sedeva, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 3, 2.) 


Adolias Sedeva,* n. sp.—Female. Urrersive brown: fore-wing 
with transverse row of whitish spots, the first two long, each with 
a point outward, the rest to the posterior margin very small, 
along the inner margin of the band only, the rest of the band 
being brown, its outer margin defined by a dusky line; hind- 
wing with two transverse zigzag blackish lines. Discoidal mark 
blackish. Unperstpe. Fore-wing reddish-ochreous, greenish at 
the base and along outer margin and at the apex, band as in 
upperside, but more defined : hind-wing deep glossy greenish-grey, 
with transverse lines as in upperside, tinged anteriorly within with 
white. Discoidal marks black. , ‘ 

Expanse 3} inches. 

Hab. Assam. 

In Entomological Society’s and Hopeian Collection at Oxford. 

Remark.—In one specimen of this species in the Hopeian Col- 
lection at Oxford the white colour of the band on both sides is 
almost obsolete, being present only on the inner and outer ends 
of the two first spots. This species may easily be distinguished 
from the same sex of Adolias Kesava by the transverse band 
having the point of each spot outward, whereas in A. Kesava these 
are indented inward. 


11. Adolias Mahadeva, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 1.) 
Adolias Mahadeva, 1. sp.— Male. Urrrrsine dark dusky 


brown, smeared with purple on exterior margin of fore-wing : 
hind-wing with a broad band to exterior margin, whitish an- 
teriorly, bluish posteriorly, with a central longitudinal row of 


* Since proved to be the female of Adol. Apiades (see page 77). 


of the Genus Adolias. 69 


small dusky spots. Unprrsipr light brown, exterior margins 
greyish; discoidal marks and submarginal row of indistinct spots 
blackish. 

Expanse 23 inches. 

Hab. unknown. 

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 


12. Adolias Ramada, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 5, &.) 


Adolias Ramada, n. sp—Male. Uvrrrsipe dark glossy olive- 
brown: fore-ning with the discoidal marks black, olive-green 
within; from posterior margin near angle upwards powdered 
with green, with a central zigzag black line: hind-wing with 
outer margin broadly from abdominal margin to near anterior 
angle blue, the anterior angle being pale brown, with a sub-mar- 
ginal central zigzag blackish line along its whole length. Unprr- 
sipE dusky ochreous, most dusky about the outer margins; two 
transverse zigzag lines and discoidal marks blackish. 

Expanse 2,2, inches, 

Hab. Malacca (Wallace). 

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 

Remark.—May be distinguished from the male of 4. Salia in 
having the band on the outer margin of hind-wing blue, whereas 
in A. Sala the inner half is pure white. 


13. Adolias Kanda, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 2.) 


Adolias Kanda, n. sp.—Male. Urrrrsipr dark glossy greenish 
olive-brown, with discoidal markings, and two transverse zigzag 
lines, blackish. UnpersipE deep ochreous, with brownish outer 
margins; discoidal markings black; transverse lines less defined 
and paler than above. 

Expanse of male 24 inches. Female unknown, 

Hab. Borneo (Wallace). 

In Collection of W. C. Hewitson, Esa, 


14. Adolias Salia, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 4, 3, 2.) 


Adolias Salia, n. sp.—Male. Urrrrsipe deep dark brown: 
fore-ning, from costal margin near apex to posterior margin near 
angle, a narrow zigzag white line, margined outwardly with black 
and then with dull*blue; within the anterior portion of this line 
the ground colour is paler; indistinct black markings at the base ; 
narrow cilize spotted with white: hind-wing, from anterior margin 


70 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


near angle a rather broad white band, slightly curving to abdo- 
minal margin near anal angle, and which is margined outwardly 
with a zigzag black line, the points being inward ; anterior angle 
pale brown ; from anal angle outside the band dull blue; narrow 
white ciliz. Unpersipe dull ochreous, the transverse band of 
the fore-wing broad and partly brown anteriorly, white posteriorly, 
and both wings margined within with dusky black, and outwardly 
with zigzag black line; markings at base of wing black; an- 
terior margin dusky. Body and abdominal margin greenish- 
ochreous. Female dull brown: fore-wing with broad tapering 
transverse white band, intersected by the veins, and suffused more 
or less with brown anteriorly on the inner portion, and margined 
outward with a narrow lanceolate black line, the points being 
inward; base of wing with indistinct black marks: hind-wing 
with broad white band, intersected by the veins, slightly curving 
from anterior margin to abdominal margin near anal angle, being 
margined outwardly with broad lanceolate black marks, the point 
being inward, these again being narrowly margined outwardly 
with white; base of wing with indistinct marks; narrow ciliz 
spotted with white. Unprrsipge ochreous ; markings as above, 
but the bands less distinct ; body and abdominal margin greenish 
grey. Shape of wings as in 4. Aconthea, 

Expanse of male 23, female 28 inches. 

Hab. Java. 

In Museum East India Company, 


15. Adolias Palguna, Moore. (PI. VI. fig. 1.) 


Adolias Palguna, n. sp.— Male. Urrrrsipe dull brown, dusky 
about the apex: fore-wing with a transverse band of irregular 
shaped white spots, more or less suffused with brown, the outer 
margins of which have lanceolate black marks pointing inward ; 
base of wing with indistinct marks: hind-ning with narrower 
curved white band from anterior margin to anal angle, margined 
outwardly with a broad lanceolate mark between each vein, and 
again by bluish-white; inner portion of disc pale, with indistinct 
black marks at base of wing. Uwnpersipe pale greyish-white, 
tinged with ochreous at the base and apex, with markings as 
above, but very indistinct; abdominal margin greenish-grey. 
Female. Upperside as in male, but paler, the underside being 
tinged with very pale purple on the exterior half. Wings shaped 
as in Adolias Trigerta. 


of the Genus Adolias. 71 


Expanse of male 2}, female 22 inches. 
Hab. Java. 
In Museum East India Company. 


16. Adolias Pulasara, Moore. (Pl. VI. fig. 2.) 


Adolias Pulasara, n. sp.—Allied to 4. Palguna, but differs in 
the male, on the upperside, in the fore-wing, in having the trans- 
verse band tinged with hyaline-blue; there is also a cyaneous 
tinge about the extremity of the cell: the band on the hind-ning 
is rather broader and composed of less lanceolated portions. 
UnperrsipE very pale ochreous, band of fore-wing tinged with 
pale hyaline-blue : hind-wing with two rows of small deep black 
lanceolate spots (representing the band of thé upperside) ; base 
of wing with a number of deep black marks. Female. Upperside 
as in male, and the underside with paler markings. ‘ 

Expanse of male 23, female 3 inches. 

Hab. Malacca, Singapore, Penang. 

In the Collection of British Museum, East India Company, 
_W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq. 


17. Adolias Lutala, Moore. (Pl. VI. fig. 3.) 


Adolias Lutala, n. sp.—Uvrrersipe brown, darker about the 
apex and outer margins: fore-wing with transverse short inner 
row of five brownish-white spots, and an outer row of six white 
zigzag marks, these latter having inward pointed black marks ; 
markings at the base of wing black: hind-wing with basal mark- 
ings, inner row of small ill-defined lunular marks, and an outer 
row of small lanceolate spots, black. Unperrsipe pale pinky-buff, 
deeper on basal half of fore-wing : fore-wing with basal markings, 
and two transverse rows of small marks, black: hind-wing also 
with basal markings, and two transverse row of small spots, black. 
Female marked as in the male, but rather less defined ; underside 
with the markings much less defined, those of the hind-wing re- 
placed by an ill-defined transverse band. 

Expanse of male 23 inches, female 23 inches. 

Hab. Borneo (Wallace). 

In Collection of British Museum, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq. 


18. Adolias Puseda, Moore. (Pl. VI. fig. 5.) 


Adolias Puseda, n. sp.—Female. Urprrsip brown, with a pale 
purple tinge: fore-wing with a broad band of irregular-shaped 


72 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


purplish hyaline-like spots, each spot being concave on the out- 
ward margin; also a sub-marginal row of ill-defined whitish 
spots; base of wing with indistinct black marks : hind-nwing with 
two curved rows of indistinct whitish spots, with some indistinct 
blue spots between the two rows, UnpersipE ochreous, whitish 
on the exterior margins; band of fore-ning bluish-white, bound 
outwardly narrowly with brown ; distinct black marks within dis- 
coidal cell: hind-ming with two narrow curved indistinct ochreous- 
brown bands. 

Expanse 3 inches. 

Hab. Penang (Dr. Cantor). 

In Museum East India Company. 


19. Adolias Merta, Moore. (Pl. VI. fig. 4, 2.) 


Adolias Merta, n. sp.—¥emale.: Uprersipre luteous brown, 
paler beyond the middle of the fore-wings, where they are 
slightly glossed with pale green; a row of five white spots suf- 
fused with brown on fore-wing. UnpersipE pale buff, with the 
lituree nearly black, and slender; the pale broad sub-marginal 
space clearer and nearly white, with blackish row of spots. 


O77 j 
Expanse 2% inches. 


Hab. China. ‘ 
In Hopeian Collection, Oxford. 


20. Adolias Trigerta, Moore. (PI. V. fig. 2.) 


Adolias Trigerta, n. sp.—UrrersipE dark brown; male: fore- 
ming with a transverse row of six whitish spots, more or less suf- 
fused with brown, from sub-costal vein, one-third from the apex 
to.near posterior margin, near the angle, the first two spots being 
long and oval, third the smallest, fourth and fifth larger than the 
third and both alike, sixth smaller and heart-shaped, all of them 
terminating outward in a point, which is bounded by black; base 
of wing with indistinct black markings; posterior margin at the 
angle with a small blue patch: hind-ning with a band of seven 
clear white spots, curving from anterior margin near the angle to 
abdominal margin near the anal angle, these spots having within 
each, on the outward portion, a black lanceolate mark point- 
ing outward, which is slightly margined laterally with blue, and 
those nearest the anal angle with a short black line crossing the 
vein above the lanceolate mark; base of wing with indistinct 
black markings; abdominal margin pale brown. UNpERsIDE 
greyish: fore-wing with the costal margin and basal half ochre- 


of the Genus Adolias. 73 


ous-yellow; the band of spots less distinct than above, but 
bounded inwardly with black lunulated marks, and outwardly * 
with a black spot at the point of each; the markings at the base 
of the wing broadly black: hind-nwing with a purple-red tinge 
on the anterior half; the band of spots less defined, bounded 
inwardly with black lunulated marks, and outwardly with trian- 
gular black spots, those near the anal angle with a narrow line 
above; base of wing with broad black marks, within, above and 
below the cell. Body and legs ochreous-yellow. Female: up- 
perside as in the male, but with the markings larger; underside 
as in male, but the markings less distinct. Hind-wings of male 
rounded as in female. 

Expanse of male 23, female 23 inches. 

Hab. Java. 

In Museum East India Company. 


21. Adolias Japis, Godart. 


Nymphalis Japis, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 882 (1819); Lucas, 
Hist. Nat. Lep. Exot. t. 69, f. 1. 

Adolias Japis, Boisduval, E. Doubleday, List. Lep. Brit. Mus. 
pt. i. p. 104; Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 8. 

Hab. Java. 

In Museum East India Company. 


Adolias Japis. The male may be distinguished by the dark 
velvety-brown of the upperside, the fore-wing having a marginal 
band from apex widening to posterior margin, then broadly cross- 
ing obliquely the disc of the hind-wing from anterior angle to 
lower end of abdominal margin; this band being in some speci- 
mens blue, with white along its middle, in others purplish or 
bluish-white. A beautiful white ciliz extends throughout the 
exterior margins. The female is dull brown, with a correspond- 
ing whitish band; and a transverse row of brownish-white spots 
crossing the dise of fore-wing broadly from anterior to posterior 
margin; other markings as in male. 

Expanse of male 24, female 2? inches. 


22, Adolias Gopia, Moore. (PI. V. fig. 4, ¢.) 


Adolias Gopia, n. sp.—Female. Urrrrsipr deep pinky-brown, 
with a slight purple shade: fore-ning with transverse row of 
whitish irregular spots, each terminating in a point between the 
vein, the first two long, and tinged with brown across their mid- 
dle, the rest shorter ; basal markings black: hend-ning with taper- 


74 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


ing white band from middle of anterior to middlé of abdominal 
* margin, bounded broadly exteriorly with pale blue, which is 
centred with a row of whitish spots. UnprrsipE dull ochreous, 
with whitish bands and discoidal markings of fore-wing only, as 
above. 

Expanse 34 inches. 

Hab. unknown. 

In British Museum Collection. 


23. Adolias Ambalika, Moore. (PI. V. fig. 3, ¢ .) 


Adolias Ambahka, n. sp.—Female. Uvprrrstve dark brown: 
fore-ming with transverse band of white spots, each spot with a 
long black point outward, between the veins; also an outer row 
of less defined lanceolated whitish marks; black markings at base 
of the wing: hind-ning with transverse band of smaller spots as 
in fore-wing, also with an outer row of lanceolate marks. Unprr- 
sIDE pale ochreous, marked as above, with the black marks to the 
white band broader. 

Variety —Urrersipe much darker brown: fore-ning with the 
transverse band suffused with brown; space between the band to 
near exterior margin bluish: hind-wing with less defined band of 
smaller lanceolate marks, between which to near exterior margin 
bluish, centred with whitish lanceolate marks. UNnpersipe dull 
ochreous, with brown margins; band of lanceolate marks as 
above, but less suffused with brown. 

Expanse 3 inches. 

Hab. Borneo. 

In Collection at British Museum, East India Company, W. W. 
Saunders, Esq. 


24, Adolias Jahnu, Moore. (PI. VII. fig. 1, ¢ ) 


Adolias Jahnu, n. sp.—Female. UprrrsipE obscure brown, 
glossed with green: fore-wing with indistinct black zigzag lines 
across the disc, tinged with white anteriorly ; markings at base 
of wing large and indistinct : hind-ming with two indistinct black 
zigzag lines across the disc, also indistinct black basal marks. 
UnversipeE ochreous-brown, with transverse zigzag lines and basal 
marks as above; apex of fore-wing with a white spot and a black- 
ish patch; exterior margin dusky; base of hind-wing, and along 
the outer zigzag line, with a bluish-grey tinge. Anterior wings 
falcate. 

Expanse 34 inches. 


of the Genus Adolias. 75 


Hab. Darjeeling, N. India. 
In Museum East India Company. 


25. Adolias Sikandi, Moore. (Pl. VII. fig. 4, 2.) 


Adolias Sikandi, n. sp.—Female. Upprerrsipe obscure glossy 
pale greenish-brown: fore-nwing with the disc from middle of 
anterior to middle of posterior margin white, sharply defined in- 
wardly from the basal half by an irregular zigzag division ; also 
parallel pale brown and white spots ; two large black marks 
within discoidal cell: htnd-ning with narrow curved white band, 
tapering from middle of anterior to near middle of abdominal 
margin, and sharply defined inwardly from the basal half; a sub- 
marginal row of deep brown lunular spots; blackish marks within 
Giscoidal cell. Unperrstpe ashy-grey, tinged with blue, basal 
half dark, exterior half very pale; markings as above; on hind- 
wing a small red spot in centre of anterior basal mark. 

Shape of wings as in 4. Evelina, 

Expanse 33 inches. 

Hab. Java. 

In Museum East India Company. 


26. Adolias Evelina, Stoll. 


$ Papilio Evelina, Stoll, in Cramer’s Pap. Exot. Suppl. t. 28, 
ie 23.25. B. CUZ9E). 

Nymphalis Evelina, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 401. 

Adolias Evelina, Boisduval; E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. 
pt. 1. p. 104; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 7. 

Adolias Derma, Kollar, in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. ii. p. 436 
(1844) ; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal 
Mepop..2925m, 

Hab. N. India, Assam, Ceylon. 

In Museum East India Company. 


In Adolias Evelina the sexes. are alike, the male being well 
figured by Stoll, 


27. Adolias Cocytina, Horsfield. 
$ Aconthea Cocytina, Horsfield, Zool. Journ. v. p. 67, t. 4, f. 3, 
3a (1830). 3 
Adolias Cocytina, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 3. 


76 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


$ Papiho Cocyta, Fabricius,* Ent. Syst. iii. pt. i. p. 127 (1798) ; 
Jones, Icon. iv. t. 64, f. 2. 

Nymphalis Cocyta, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 382. 

Adolias Cocyta, KE. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 104. 

Adolias Godartu, G. R. Gray, Catal. Lep. Ins. Nepal, p. 14, t. 2, 
f, 2 (1833). 

Hab. Sumatra, Borneo. 

In Museum East India Company. 

Remark.—Of Adolias Cocytina 1 am acquainted only with the 

male. The female is as yet undetermined. 


* 28. Adolias Cocytus, Fabricius. 


Papilio Cocytus, Fabricius, Mant. Inst. ii. p. 29 (1787); Ent. 
Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 55. 
Adolias Cocytus, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 9. 
Nymphalis Cocytus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 368. 
Adolias Sidera, Boisduval, MS. 
Hab. N. and S. India. 
Remark.—Adolias Cocytus of either sex may at once be distin- 
guished by the ashy marginal band widening from apex of the 
fore-wing to abdominal margin. 


e 
29. Adolias Adima, Moore. 


Adolias Adima, n. sp.—Male. Urrersipe yellowish olive-brown, 
with two indistinct zigzag lines crossing the disc of both wings, 
and markings about the base of the wings blackish. UNbERsIDE 
pale ferruginous, palest at the base of fore-wings, with inner row 
of lunulated marks and outer row of spots crossing the dise of 
both wings, and markings at the base of the wings black, the 
spots being deepest from the anal angle, where they are margined 
with bluish-white ; abdominal margin broadly, and about anal 
angle somewhat green. 

Expanse 23 inches. 

Hab. Assam. 

In Museum East India Company. 

The male of 4. Adima may at once be distinguished from 
A, Apiades by its plain brown upperside. 


30. Adolias Sananda, Moore. (PI. VII. fig. 3.) 
Adolias Sananda, n. sp.—Male. Allied to 4, Adima, but differs 
in haying the upperside purplish olive-brown, and the transverse 


* But not Pap. Cocytus, Fabricius. 


of the Genus Adolias. 77 


zigzag lines of both wings are wider apart and well defined. The 
underside differs in having the markings much less defined, and 
the hind-wing is devoid of the greenish colour of the abdominal 
margin, and the spots are without the bluish borders. 

Expanse 23 inches. 

Hab. Assam. 

In Collection British Museum and J. O. Westwood, Esq. 


31. Adolius Telchinea, Menetries. 


Adolius Telchinea, Menetries, Catal. Lep. Mus. Imp. Acad. of 
Sci. St. Petersburg, pt. ii. t. ix. f. 3. 
Hab. N. India. 
In Mus. Imp. Academy at St. Petersburg. 
Adolius Telchinea.—UrrersiveE dark brown, with a blue border 
to the outer margin of hind-wing. UnpersipE brown, with two 
indistinct darker transverse lines, and blackish discoidal markings. 


Expanse 23 inches. 


32. Adolias Apiades, Menetries.* 


$ Adolias Apiades, Menetries, Cat. Lep. Mus. Imp. Acad. of 
Sci. St. Petersburg, pt. ii. pl. ix. f. 4. 


Hab. Darjeeling. 

In Collection British Museum and East India Company. 

Adolias Apiades——Male. Uprersipe dark glossy olive-brown, 
with two lunulated lines crossing the dise of both wings, and 
markings at base of wing black, the lines obscure at the upper 
ends on the fore-wing ; a greenish-blue marginal band from anal 
angle broadly along exterior margin. Uwnpersipe dusky ferru- 
ginous, greenish at the apex of fore-wing, and thickly so on the 
posterior half of hind-wing, and the abdominal margin tinged 
with yellow; transverse lines as in upperside, but broader and 
very black from the anal angle ; also the basal marks. 

Expanse of male 23 to 3 inches. 


33. Adolias Vasanta, Moore. (PI. VII. fig. 2.) 


Adolias Vasanta, n. sp.—Female. UrrrrsipE vinaceous brown, 
palest along exterior margins: fore-wing with oblique transverse 
row of six small white spots; discoidal marks indistinct, black : 
hind-ning with indistinct discoidal marks, and sub-marginal row 
of small black spots. Unpersipe buff-grey, tinged with brown 


* Adol, Sedeva is since proved to be the female of this species. 


78 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


across the disc; exterior margin purplish-white ; markings as 
above. 

Expanse 23 to 27 inches. 

Hab. Ceylon. 

In the Collection of British Museum, and W. W. Saunders, Esq. 


34. Adolias Sancara, Moore. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.) 


Adolias Sancara, n. sp.—Male. Urrrerstpe brown: fore-wing 
with an outward oblique white band from middle of costal margin 
to near posterior margin above the angle; also two small white 
spots near the apex ; an indistinct blackish transverse band from 
near apex of fore-wing to abdominal margin, also an indistinct 
narrow sub-marginal blackish band on the hind-wing; black 
marks within discoidal cell. UNprErsipE greyish-brown, greyer 
at the base and along exterior margins; marked as upperside. 
Female darker, and marked as in the male. 

Expanse of male 34, female 33 inches. 

Hab. Darjeeling, N. India. 

In Museum East India Company, and Hopean Coll. at Oxford. 


85. Adolias Nara, Moore. (PI. VIII. fig. 1.) 


Adolias Nara, n. sp.—Female. Urrersige dark glossy golden 
olive-green, with blackish marginal and sub-marginal lines: fore- 
ning with oblique transverse row of six white spots, from middle 
of costal margin to near posterior angle, also two small sub-apical 
white spots; marks within discoidal cell black: hind-wing with 
two white spots on costal margin near the angle. UNnprrsipE 
glossy verdigris-green, apically olive-green: fore-wing with 
markings as above, but more defined and whiter; lower part of 
dise patched with blue-black: hind-wing with transverse row of 
six white spots from costal margin to near the posterior angle ; 
indistinct discoidal markings. Cilize white. 

Expanse 3-9; inches. 

Hab. unknown. 

In Museum Entomological Society of London. 


36. Adolias Iva, Moore. (PI. VIII. fig. 2.) 


Adolias Iva, n. sp.—Male. Urrersipe very dark olive-green : 
fore-wing with oblique row of large, long, greenish-white spots 
from middle of costal margin to near posterior angle, beneath 
which is a small narrow geminated spot near the middle of the 
posterior margin; also two small spots obliquely near the apex, 
and a small suffused whitish patch at the posterior angle : hind-ning 


of the Genus Adolias. 79 


with a row of broadly separated small round greenish-white spots, 
curving from middle of costal margin to middle of the wing; also 
black marks within discoidal cell. Unprrsipr deep greenish- 
grey, dusky about the anterior half, and blackish along the pos- 
terior margin; markings as above, but the spots on the hind-wing 
extending nearly to abdominal margin. Shape of wings as in 
A. Epiona. 

Expanse 4 inches. 

Hab. Darjeeling. 

In Museum East India Company. 


87. Adolias Epiona, G. R. Gray. 


Aconthea Epiona, G. R. Gray, Lep. Nepal, p. 13 (1833). 

Adolias Doubledayit, Boisduval, MS.; E. Doubleday, List Lep. 
Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 104 (1844); G. R. Gray, List. Lep. 
Nepal, p. 13; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 15. 

Adolias Patala, Kollar in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. i. p. 435. 
(1844). ° 

Hab. N. India. 


In most Collections. 


Adolias Epiona.—UrrrrsivE pale olive-green ; with two obscure 
darker narrow lines crossing the dise of both wings: fore-wing 
with oblique row of yellowish-white spots from middle of costal 
margin to beyond middle of the wing, opposite posterior angle ; 
also two smaller spots on costal margin near the apex : hind-wing 
with two yellowish-white spots on costal margin nearer the angle. 
Blackish marks at the base of both wings. UNnpErs1pE pale 
yellowish-green : fore-mwing with oblique row of spots as above, 
but less defined, and having two additional very small spots on 
the lower part of the disc; on the hind-wing the spots extend by 
the addition of small ones to the middle of the wing. Sexes 
alike. 

Expanse of male 32, female 4 inches. 


38. Adolias Confucius, Westwood. 
g Adolias Confucius, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 16 (1850). 
Hab. China. 
In the Collection of J. O. Westwood, Esq. 
Adolias Confucius is closely allied to, but differs from, 4. Epiona 
in being larger, and having on the upperside the oblique band and 


80 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


sub-apical spots also larger; on the hind-wing the lower spot is 
lunulated and reversely curved. 
Expanse 44 inches. 


39. Adolias Sahadeva, Moore. (PI. VIII. fig. 3.) 

Adolias Sahadeva, n. sp.—Male. Upprrsipe olive green, with 
darker submargin and inner portion of disc: fore-wing with oblique 
row of five pale greenish-yellow spots from middle of costal 
margin; two small whitish sub-apical spots; space between dis- 
coidal marks and along outer margin yellowish: hind-wing with 
transverse tapering row of six pale greenish-yellow spots from 
costal margin to near abdominal angle, bounded below with pale 
yellow ; two transverse disco-cellular black lines ; abdominal 
margin greenish-grey. UnprrsipE greenish-yellow, lighter and 
darker in portions; marked as above, discoidal markings on both 
wings, lower part of disc of fore-wing with blackish patches. 

Expanse 3} inches. In Collection British Museum and W. C. 
Hewitson, Esq. 


40. Adolias Kardama, Moore. (PI. IX. fig. 3.) 


Adolias Kardama, n.sp.—Male. Uprersips olive-green, brown- 
ish along exterior margins: fore-wing with row of eight small 
yellowish-white spots curving from middle of anterior to middle of 
posterior margin; also two sub-apical spots ; a sub-marginal row 
of indistinct blackish spots, the space between this and the curved 
row patched with yellowish-white, marks at the base of wing 
black: hind-nwing with transverse row of six yellowish-white 
spots, diminishing in size to a small dot, the three anterior spots 
confluent, with a broad hemispherical outer border ; an indistinct 
sub-marginal blackish line. Unprrsipe suffused with grey, 
marked as above. Female. Uprersipe£ as in male, but the spots 
larger, the discal space paler. UNprrsip£ as in male. 

Expanse of male 33, female 4 inches. ; 

Hab. China. In the Collection of J. O. Westwood, Esq. 


41, Adolias Durga, Moore. (PI. IX. fig. 2.) 


Adolias Durga,n.sp. Upprrsipr dark iridescent olive-green, 
with a black marginal and sub-marginal band; a broad transverse 
band of irreguiar-shaped white spots crossing from middle of costal 
margin of fore-wing to beyond the middle of the hind-wing, near 
the anal angle, being margined exteriorly with blue from the 
fore-wing on its lower half to anal angle; the narrow space 


of the Genus Adolias. 81 


between marginal and sub-marginal bands also bluish; two small 
rounded white spots near the apex of fore-wing; marks within 
discoidal cells black. Unpersipe, from inner margin of band to 
base, greenish-grey, from its outer margin to extremity of wing 
greenish, with band and apical spots as above ; a row of blackish 
marks from apical spots to posterior angle, which is whitish ; also 
an indistinct dusky sub-marginal row on the hind-wing, and at 
the anal angle two patches of black ; marks at the base of wings 
black. Cilize between the indentations on the upper and under- 
side white. Sexes alike. 

Expanse 4 inches. 

Hab. Darjeeling. 

In Museum East India Company, Entomological Society of 


London. 
42. Adolias Teuta, EK. Doubleday. 


$ Adolias Teuta, E. Doubleday, MS.; Westwood, in Doubleday 
and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 5, t. 44, f. 2 
(1850). 

Hab. N. India, Silhet, Java. 

In Museum East India Company. 


Adolias Teuta.—Male. Uprerrsive blackish-brown, palest on 
exterior margins, with a transverse band of pale greenish-yellow 
spots crossing the middle of both wings, the spots being smallest 
and interrupted on the fore-wing; also a single small spot near the 
apex, and a minute dot of the same colour within the discoidal- 
cell of the fore-wing; a row of indistinct triangular black spots 
near exterior margins; and two or three indistinct pale spots from 
anterior angle of hind-wing. Unperstne. pale brown, suffused in 
patches with dusky brown; band and apical spot as above, pale 
green; a row of small black short longitudinal spots from apex of 
fore-wing toanal angle; a rounded spot and a lunular black mark, 
centred with crimson within discoidal-cell of fore-wing, and in 
that of the hind-wing a small dot and two short black lines; base 
of costal margin of both wings tinged with crimson. 

Female. Uprerstpe paler, and the row of triangular black 
spots more distinct; the marks within the discoidal-cell of fore- 
wing also distinct but black. Unopersrpe as in male. 

Expanse of male 2#, female 34 inches. 


43. Adolias Francie, G. R. Gray. 


Adolias Francie, G. R. Gray, Lep. Ins. of Nepal, p. 12, t. 14 
(1833); E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. ii. p. 
VOL. V. N. S. PART I1].—SEPT. 1859. G 


82 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


104; Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal 
Lep. p. 291, n. 14. 

Hab. Darjeeling. 

In Museum East India Company. 


Adolias Francia.—Male. Urrersipe dark olive-green, brown 
along the exterior margins; with a transverse yellowish band 
crossing the middle of both wings; also two yellowish spots near 
the apex, and on both wings a sub-marginal row of yellowish- 
white spots, those near and at the anal angle being greenish, with 
an inner row of indistinct black spots. Unprrsipr bluish-grey, 
marked as above, but with a patch of black near the posterior 
angle of fore-wing. 

Expanse of male from 23 to 34 inches. 

Female unknown. 


44, Adolias Coresia, Hubner. 


? Hypolimnas Coresia, Hibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. Band ii. 
tab. (1806-27). 

Adolias Coresia, E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1. 
p- 105. 

$ Aconthea Apaturina, Horsfield, Zool. Journ. v. p. 68, t. 4, 
f. 1, 1a (1830). 

Adolias Apaturina, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 4. 

Hab. Java. 

In Museum East India Company. 


Adolias Coresia.—Male. Uprersipr deep brown-black : fore- 
wing with marginal and sub-marginal row of minute white spots, 
also a minute spot one-third from the apex near costal margin: 
hind-ning with broad blue band from abdominal angle taper- 
ing to anterior angle, with a sub-marginal row of black spots 
bounded exteriorly with white. Unprrsipe dark brown, with 
marginal row of lunulate marks, short sub-marginal dots and 
oblique row of spots and two bars within discoidal cell purple- 
white: hind-wing with marginal row of black spots, encircled with 
purple-white ; also a sub-marginal row of small dots, and a single 
spot near base of wing purple-white. : 

Female dark brown, marked as in male, but the band on hind- 
ning purple-white. 

Expanse of male 2 to 23, female 2% inches. 

The figures above quoted are good representations of the sexes 
of Adolias Coresia. 


of the Genus Adolias. 83 


45. Adolias Nicea, G. R. Gray. 

Aconthea Nicea, G. R. Gray, Lep. Ins. of Nepal, p. 13, t. 12, f. 1 
(1833). 

Adolias Nicea, Doubleday, List. Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 105; 
Soren in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. 
p. 291, n. 

Hab. seas. 

In Museum East India Company. 


Adolias Nicea.—Male. Urrrrsipe velvety-black; fore-ning 
with a marginal, short sub-marginal, and a shorter third row of 
small white spots, the marginal row bounded inwardly by a row of 
small indistinct blue spots; also indistinct blue marks within dis- 
coidal cell: hind-ning with a marginal row of black spots en- 
circled with blue inwardly, and with white outwardly. Ciliz 
white. Unpersipe brown-black : fore-wing as above: hind-ming 
with marginal row of white lunulated spots, and a sub-marginal 
row of minute white dots. 

Female. Uprrrstvr marked as in male, but washed with olive- 
green, the marginal row of encircled spots of hind-wing larger, 
and with a sub-marginal narrow greenish line. UnpeErsipE with 
the three rows of white spots on fore-ming extending to posterior 
margin; on the hind-ning the marginal row of lunulated spots 
are larger, and there is a sub-marginal row of white spots, also a 
third inner row of bluish-white spots. 

Expanse of male 2} to 23, female 2? inches. 


46. Adolias Nesimachus, Boisduval. 


Adolias Nesimachus, Boisduval, in Cuvier’s Rég. An. édit. Cro- 
chard, Ins. t. 139, f. 1 (183—) ; E. Doubleday, List Lep. 
Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 105; Westwood, in Doubleday and 
Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 12. 

Argynnis Hippomenes, Kaden, in Herr. Scheeffer’s Lep. Exot. 
Ser: liofasc.. 1 ets2, fig. 11, 12 (1853): 

Hab. N. India, Assam, Darjeeling. 

In Collection British Museum, East India Company, &e. 


Adolias Nesimachus.—Urrrrsive black, suffused more or less 
with green: fore-wing with a number of whitish spots disposed 
about the basal half; at the extremity of discoidal cell three lon- 
gitudinal streaks, ai above these on costal margin some narrow 
streaks, white ; a double sub marginal row of narrow white zigzag 
lines, and a marginal row of white spots; hind-ming with whitish 

G2 


84 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


spots about the middle; a curved row of black spots above a 
sub-marginal row of narrow zigzag white marks, the latter more 
or less geminated about the middle; and a marginal row of 
narrow lunulated white lines. Unpersrpe black, with markings 
as above on fore-wing, and tinged with blue; the spots on the 
hind-wing bluish, but more or less obsolete, the surface of the 
wing being tinged with green; the row of deep black spots as 
above. Sexes alike, 


Expanse of male 3, female 33 inches. 


47, Adolias Dunya, E. Doubleday. 


Adolias Dunya, E. Doubleday, MS.; Westwood, in Doubleday 
and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 6, t. 44, f. 2 (1850). 
Hab. Borneo (Wallace). 
In the Collection British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and 
W. C. Hewitson, Esq. 


Adolias Dunya.—Male. Urrrrsipe olive-brown, with a row of 
small yellow spots crossing the middle of both wings, each spot 
being encircled with black; discoidal marks on fore-wing black, 
inner mark bounded on each side by a yellow dot; an indistinct . 
sub-marginal row of blackish spots. Unpersipe pale whitish- 
green ; row of spots indistinct; discoidal marks and sub-marginal 
row of spots blackish. 

Expanse 4 inches. 


48. Adolias Dirtea, Fabricius. 


g - Papilio Dirtea, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii. pt. 1, p. 59 (1793) ; 
Jones, Icon. iv. t. 65, f ibe 

Adolias Dirtea, EK. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 104; 
G. R.cGray, “List Lep.’ Nepal. ip. 12, t. 10, fae, 24 ; 
Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. 
Percolins 17set. Aa oho) 

Aconthea ea G.R. Gray, MS. ; Boisduval, Spec. Gén. 
Lep. 1. ts 8, £2 

Hab. N. India, eo Penang ee Sumatra (Raffles), 

Borneo. 
In most Collections. 


Adolias Dirtea—Male. Urrrrsipr velvety-black; fore-ming 
with a few more or less distinct cyaneous spots about the base 
and along the costal margin, and a small white spot near the 
apex; from apex widening to posterior angle cyaneous: hind- 
wing with broad purple and green sub-marginal band, lined within 
along its outer margin with a row of black spots, below each of 


of the Genus Adolias. 85 


which proceeds, between the veins, a narrow purple or green 
streak to the exterior margin. UnpeErsipE deep olive-green, and 
spotted with white about the middle of the wings; posterior half 
of fore-wing blue-black. Female. Uprrrsipe brown-black, 
covered with bluish-white spots, disposed in linear series; the 
fore-ning with a marginal and the hind-wing with marginal and 
sub-marginal row of bluish or purple-white lunular marks, those 
on the hind-wing joined and forming circles. Unpersipe dark 
olive-green, somewhat greyish on the hind-wings, marked as in 
upperside, but the spots larger, In some specimens the upperside 
of the male has the marginal band of the fore-wing dark olive- 
green, with the small spots and whole underside deep ochreous ; 
and in some females the upperside is brown, with all the spots 
pale ochreous. 
Expanse of male 3} to 44, female 33 to nearly 5 inches, 


49, Adolias Siva, Westwood. 


@ Aconthea Doubledayi, Westwood, Cab. Oriental Ent. p. 76, 
t. 37, f. 4 (1847). 

Adolias Siva, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Di- 
urnal Lep. p. 291, n. 18 (1850). 

Hab. Silhet. 

In Collection British Museum, East India Company, W. W. 
Saunders, Esq. 


Adolias Siva. —Male. Uprersipe: fore-wing ochreous-yellow, 
with spots on the basal half, and irregular lines across the disc 
and along exterior margin, and the apical portion of the wing, 
broadly black: hind-ning from the base to disc ochreous-yellow, 
barred with black ; within, and spot below discoidal-cell, white ; 
rest of the wing black, with two rows of whitish spots; abdo- 
minal margin whitish ; body spotted with pale ochreous. UnpEr- 
SIDE nearly as in upperside; markings and colours paler. 

Expanse 3 inches. 


50. Adolias Hesperus, Fabricius. 

Papilio Hesperus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst, iil. pt. 1, p. 47 (1793) ; 
Jones; Tcon:.iv: t.0/3, f. ¥. 

Nymphalis Hesperus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 387. 

Adolias Hesperus, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 
Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 22. 

Hab. unknown. 

Adolias Hesperus.—‘ Alis repandis, fuscis, nigro-undatis: anticis 
punctis quatuor albis.”” Fadr. 


86 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph 


51. Adolias Pelea, Fabricius. 


Papiho Pelea, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 133 (1793). 
Nymphalis Pelea, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 383. 
Adolias Pelea, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal 
Lep. p. 291, 0.2%. 

Adolias Pelea.—* Alis dentatis, fuscis, anticis maculis sagittatis 
albis nigrisque ; subtus omnibus cinereis, lunulis nigris.” — 
Fab. 

Hab. East Indies (Fabricius). 

According to Fabricius and Godart, “ this species is of medial 
size; the fore-wings have the uppERsIDE obscure brown, with 
some black lunules near the base, with a large band composed of 
white and black arrow-shaped spots towards the extremity. The 
hind-wings also obscure brown, with black lunules, besides a white 
streak following the band of the fore-wing. The unpersipE of 
fore-wing is ashy-grey, with a number of brown lunules, especially 
on the hind-wing. The band of the fore-wing is less apparent.” 


52, Adolias Monima, Fabricius. 

Papilio Monima, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 127 (1793). 

Nymphalis Monima, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 383. 

Adolias Monima, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s 

Diurnal Lep. p. 292, n. 24. 

Hab. East Indies (Fabr.) 

Adolias Monima.—* Alis dentatis, fuscis; posticis brunneis 

angulo ani czerulescente striga nigra.”—Fab. 

“Uppersipe. Fore-nings blackish, with ferruginous spots, less 
distinct at the base, and a small bluish streak at the interior angle : 
hind-mings blackish at the base, the extremity brown, and having 
towards the anal angle a large bluish mark, on which there is a 
blackish undulated line. Unperstpe ash colour, with black 
lunules at the base, and a transverse line of the same colour 
towards the extremity.” 

_ Remark.—The three last species I have been unable to identify 
from the descriptions published. 


of the Genus Adolias. 


EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES, 


PLATE III. 
Fig. 1. Adolias Parta, ¢ Q. 
2s 7 Garuda, g Q. 
Se ap Phemius, § 9. 


An Alpheda, & Q. 
5. ay Kesava, $ Q. 


PLATE IV. 
.1. Adolias Mahadeva, ¢. 
et Ns Kanda. 
3. 3 Sedeva, 9. 
4 
5 


» Salia, o Q. 
»» Ramada, g. 


PLATE V. 
- Adolias Anosia, $ ¢. 


1 

Ze pk Lnizerta. 
S56 Ty Ambalika. 
4 s Gopia. 


4 
gg 


PLATE VI. 


Fig. 1. Adolias Palguna. 
Qn Ss Pulasara. 
ou Lutala, 
4 Ae Merta. 


3. ” Puseda. 


PLATE VIL. 
Fig. 1. Adolias Juhnu. 
3 Vasanta. 


1 

OA: 

3. ,, Sananda. 
4 »,  Stkandi. 


PLATE VIII. 
Fig. 1. Adolias Nara. 
50 eee (Ole 
3. 4, Sahadeva, 


iS 


PLATE 1X: 

Fig. 1. Adolias Suncara. 
P45 = ys Dureza. 

oh Kardama. 


87 


88. Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on the 


IV. Notes upon the Species of ELaTERIDE in the Stephen- 
sian Cabinet. By G. R. Wareruouse, Esq., 
iF Zi5= ces 


[ Read Dec. 7th, 1858.] 


In the following list I have given, in the first column, the species’ 


of Elateride, as they occur in Stephens’ Manual; and, in the 
second column, I have added, opposite each species, the name 
now commonly adopted for the same on the Continent, or a name 
which I think will most probably hereafter be adopted. 


STEPHENS’ Casinet, &c. GENUS. SPECIES. 
Adrastus limbatus. Adrastus (Eschsch.) limbatus, 
Fab. 
acuminatus, Steph. Agriotes (Eschsch.) acuminatus, 
Steph. 
sobrinus, 


Kiesenw. ? 

This insect much resembles the Dolopius marginatus, but the 
joints of its antenne are shorter ; the thorax is not acutely 
margined at the sides, excepting on the hinder part ; and 
the elytra are rather shorter and more acuminated behind. 


Dolopius marginatus. Dolopius(Eschsch.) marginatus, 
Linn. 
Agriotes sputator. Agriotes (Eschsch.) sputator, 
Linn. 
obscurus. a obscurus, 
Linn. 
lineatus. —— lineatus, 
Linn. 
pilosus, Steph. ae ustulatus, 
Schaller. 
Sericosomus fugax. Sericosomus (Redt.) brunneus, 
Linn. 
— brunnipennis. oo brunneus, 
Linn. 
brunneus. | ———$__ brunneus, 
Linn. 


Messrs. Foxcroft and Turner, both of whom have taken 


Species of Elateride in the Stephensian Cabinet. 89 


these so-called species plentifully, inform us that they have 
found the extreme varieties (i. e. brunneus and fugax of 
the older authors) im copuld. They have long been sus- 
pected to be one species; and, in the most recent work 
upon the German Elaterid@ (that of Kiesenwetter) they are 
put together, The Sericosomus brunnipennis of Stephens, 
moreover, forms an intermediate variety between S. fugazx 
and S. brunneus. 


STEPHENS’ CaBIneET, &c. GeNvs. SPECIEs. 
Sericosomus fulvicollis, Steph. Ischnodes (Germ.) sanguinicollis, 
Panz. 
Ectinus aterrimus. Melanotus(Eschs.) niger, Fab. 
Limonius cylindricus. Limonius (Eschs.) cylindricus, 
Payk. 
serraticornis. ae minutus, Linn. 


Stephens’ description appears to belong to the true ZL. serra- 
ticornis, but of that insect I have never seen a British 
example. 

minutus.* oar ed minutus, Linn. 
Bructeri, Steph., Man. | 

Not in Stephens’ collection ; I have seen no British specimen 
of the Elater Bructeri, Fab., which now forms the type of 
Kiesenwetter’s genus Pheletes. 

nigrinus, Payk. | 

Not in Stephens’ collection; the Hlater nigrinus of Paykul 
(Elater nigrinus, Kiesenw.—Ampedus nigrinus, Germ.), 
however, is known to be a British insect. 

( Elater (Linn., 
Kiesenw.) sanguinolentus, 


54 ie Schrank. 
Elater ephippium. Ampedus, aut 
(Germ. ) ephippium, 
Oliv. 
sanguineus. ——— lythropterus, 
Germ. 
—— rufipennis. ———_— sanguineus, 
Linn. 


* In Leach’s collection there are two specimens of an allied species of Limo- 
nius, of a shorter form than the L. minutus, and with the thorax more finely and 
thickly punctured. I believe it to be the S. lythrodes of Germar. 


90 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on the 


STrepHens’ Casinet, &c. GeENus. SPECcIEs. 
Elater semiruber. Elater : lythropterus, 
Germ. 
crocatus. SS pomorum, 
Herbst. 


In the collection, but not named. I am not acquainted with 
the E. crocatus as British. 


pomone. | ——— sp.? 

The Elater pomone of Stephens’ collection I have long 
thought was an immaculate variety of E. ephippium, but 
upon comparing Stephens’ insect, and others like it which 
I have received from the New Forest (found by Turner), 
with specimens of Ephippium, I find the former have the 
head and thorax covered with long black hairs, whilst the 
same parts in my specimens of E’phippium are clothed 
with short, and for the most part palish, hairs. I have 
immaculate specimens taken by myself in company with 
Ephippium, and which agree in every respect with the 
others, excepting in the want of the dark patch. Turner’s 
insect I do not think was taken in company with E'phip- 
pium, in the normal condition at least. There is amongst 

Stephens’ specimens, placed to represent his E. pomone, 

one specimen evidently of a distinct species, and which I 

regard as the E. preusta (Fab.) Germ. 


preustus. elongatulus, 
Oliv. 
balteatus. —— balteatus, Linn. 
—— bipustulatus. Corymbites (sub- 
genus Diacan- 
thus, Kie- 
senw.) bipustulatus, 
Linn. 
Elater ustulatus. Corymbites(Dia- bipustulatus, 
canthus). var. 
Prosternon holosericeus. Corymbites (sub- 
genus Tacto- 
comus, Kie- 
senw.) holosericeus, 
Fab. 
Agrypnus murimus. Lacon (Germar) murinus, Linn. 
— varius. Adelocera (Latr.) varia, Fab. 


Not in collection. 


Species of Elateride in the Stephensian Cabinet. 91 


Srepuens’ Casinet, &c. GENUS. SPECIEs. 
Cryptohypnus 
aries Germ. riparius, Fab. 
Hypolithus riparius. ae; ; ae P i 
(Kiesenw.) 
— rivularis. —. riparius, Fab. 
Cryptohypnus agricola. ———— quadripustula- 
tus, Fab. 
—— 4-pustulatus. —————__ tetragraphus, 
Germ. 
—————_ dermestoides. —————__ dermestoides, 
Herbst. 


I feel little doubt that the two last-mentioned insects are 
varieties of the same species. 

pulchellus. 

Formerly represented, in Stephens’ collection, by specimens 
of Crypt. 4-pustulatus; the specimens remain, but the 
name has been removed. The Crypt. pulchellus 1 suspect 
is not British. 


Drasterius bimaculatus. Drasterius bimaculatus, 
(Eschsch.) Fab. 
In Leach’s collection, not in Stephens’. 
Melanotus fulvipes. Melanotus 
(Eschsch.) __rufipes, Herbst. 
Ludius ferrugineus. Ludius (Latr.) ferrugineus, 
Linn. 
Ctenicerus aulicus. Corymbites 
(Latr.) aulicus, Panz. 
In Leach’s, but not in Stephens’ cabinet. 
— pectinicornis. —_——__ pectinicornis, 
. Linn. 
— cupreus. —— cupreus, Fab. 


Includes the variety, with immaculate elytra, Corymbites 
eruginosus, Germar. 


castaneus. castaneus, 
Linn. 
sanguinicollis. Ischnodes sanguinicollis, 
(Germ.) Panz. 
—_—— tessellatus. Corymbites (sub- 


gen. Actenice- 
rus, Kiesenw.) tessellatus, 
Linn. 


Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Wotes on the 


STepHens’ CasBinet, &c. GENUS. SPECIEs. 
Clenicerus metallicus. Corymbites (sub- metallicus, 


gen. Diacan-  Payk. 
thus (Kiesenw) 
genus Dia- 


canthus, Germ.) 
Selatosomus eneus. Corymbites (Dia- 
canthus) e@neus, Linn. 
eruciatus (not in coll.) | ———~(————) cruciatus, Linn. 
Cardiophorus thoracicus. Cardiophorus 
(Eschsch.) — thoracicus,Fab. 
—_. ruficollis. — ruficollis, Linn. 
equiseti. —<—$— asellus, Erichs. 


Note.—The true Elater equiseti of Herbst (Archiv. 114, 36) 
belongs, according to Erichson and Kiesenwetter, to the 
section of the genus Cardiophorus, in which the claws are 
dentate ; Stephens’ insect has them simple, and appears to 
agree better, on the whole, with Erichson’s description of 
C. asellus ; there is, however, in Stephens’ collection a 
specimen of a Cardiophorus, in which the claws are dentate 
(it stands, with specimens of C. asellus, under the name of 
“‘ Cordiger’ in the collection) ; this specimen I am inclined 
to refer to the C. cinereus of Erichson (later cinereus, 
Herbst). Of the same species there are two or three 
specimens in Leach’s collection. 


Aplotarsus testaceus. Corymbites (Lio- 
trichus, Kie- 
senw.) quercus, Gyll. 
var. 
ochropterus. a do. -.+do. 
—— rufipes. ———  —— quercus, Gyll. 


quercus (not in coll.) 


—_————- tibialis. —____— quercus, Gyll. 
Ctenonychus hirtus. Synaptus 
(Eschsch.) —_filzformis, Fab. 
Athous rhombeus. Athous 
(Eschsch.) — rhombeus, Oliv. 
; niger, L. 
pos ; hirhias: Herbst. 
hemorrhoidalis. ——— hemorrhoida- 


lis, Fab. 


Species of Elateride in the Stephensian Cabinet. 938 


SrerpHens’ Casinet, &c. GENUS. SPECIEs. 
Athous elongatus. A griotes 
(Eschsch.) — pilosus ? Panz. 
The insect in Stephens’ cabinet is a rubbed and mutilated 
specimen, apparently of the Agriotes pilosus (Elater pilosus, 
Panz.). It is the only British example (and a very doubtful 
one) of this insect I have seen. 


Athous subfuscus. | 
Certainly not the Llater subfuscus of Gyllenhal, as Mr. Ste- 
phens supposed, but a mere variety, as it appears to me, 
of the Athous vittatus. 
Athous 
(Eschsch.)  vittatus, Fab. . 


vittatus. 


angularis. 
The same as Stephens’ 4. subfuscus. 


longicollis,Oliv. 


longicollis. 
Campylus linearis. Campylus 


(Fischer). — linearis, Linn. 


94 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


V. On the Genus Erycina, Linn., with Descriptions of 
some New Species. By W. Witson Saunpers, Esq., 
ERS. ke: 


[Read Jan. 7th, 1858.] 


In the year 1849 I laid before the ‘‘ Entomological Society” de- 
scriptions of several new species of the genus Lrycina, Linn., toge- 
ther with an enumeration of the species which had been previously 
described. Since that period the exertions of collectors in tropical 
America have brought to light other species which are new to 
science, and further information regarding the known species has 
reached this country, so that it appears desirable again to take the 
genus Erycina in hand, and place the new matter before the Society, 
in a paper which will form a continuation of the one already pub- 
lished on the same subject in the Society’s Transactions. Mr. 
Westwood, since that paper was written, has revised the whole 
family of Erycinide in the ‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” where 
he makes but little alteration in the view I held of the tailed 
species forming but a single genus—the true Erycinas. ‘The only 
change he proposes is the separation of the clear-winged species, 
considering them generically distinct, and placing them under the 
name Zeonia. In the prepriety of this I think he is justified, as 
further study of the species shows that they have characters which 
well and distinctly separate them from the nearest allied forms of 
the restricted genus Lrycina. Mr. Westwood, in the work alluded 
to, described one new species of Erycina under the name of Bel- 
phegor, and this is the only addition to the tailed species which 
has taken place since my first paper was written. Of species 
nearly allied to the true Erycinas, Mr. Westwood, in the same 
work, described certain tail-less forms, placing them in two new 
genera, Necyria and Lyropteriz. In the following sketch I shall 
include the new species falling under these genera, as they are 
associated with the true ELrycinas by some Entomologists, and 
should be treated of at the same time. 


Genus Erycina. 95 


The species, which I yet retain under the generic term Erycina, 

seem to fall into the following seven sections :— 
1. Rhetus, Swain. 
2. Diorina, Morisse. 
8. Melibea, W. W. Saunders, 
4, Rodina, Westwood. 
5. Nirodia, Westwood. 
6. Euerycina, W. W. Saunders. 
7. Riodina, Westwood. 

Of these sections, the Ist and 2nd, Rhetus and Diorina, have 
been distinguished by the authors whose names stand against 
them, and are known by the great length of the tail. They pass 
one into the other without any well-marked division. Section 3, 
which I name Melibea, is distinguished by short rounded tails 
in the males, which have blue metallic reflections on the under- 
side of the wings. The females where known are dissimilar in 
colouring and form to the males, and further information respecting 
them will probably show that the species of this section will form 
a good generic group. Section 4, Rodina, Westwood, consists of 
female insects, some of which I have no doubt will prove to be the 
males of the section Melibea. Section 5, Nirodia, Westwood, is 
composed of a single female, but it is so different.in form and 
markings to the individuals of section 4, that it is necessary to 
place it at present in a distinct section. Section 6, Luerycina, is 
a form of which both sexes are known; and the posterior wing, 
attenuated into a long tail, distinguishes it readily from the other 
sections. This seems to claim generic distinction, but in our pre- 
sent imperfect acquaintance of the true Lrycinas I prefer to leave 
it where it is. The same may be said of the last section, 7, 
Riodina, Westwood, consisting only of the well-known and dis- 
tinct form Lysippus, of which the female sex has only yet been 
detected. 

In my former paper I enumerated twenty-five species of Ery- 
cina, since which, if the species falling under the genera Necyria 
and Lyropteryx be included—four fresh ones have been added— 
three by Mr. Westwood and one by Mr. Hewitson, making a total 
of twenty-nine. With the additions which will be found here- 
after, the species will amount to forty-four. Of these both the 
sexes are known of ten; the males only of sixteen; the females 
only of twelve, and six species have the sex undetermined. Look- 
ing to the amount of unpaired males and females, there can be 
little doubt, that, hereafter, this number will be considerably re- 


96 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


duced by a more extended study of the species by those who have 
an opportunity of seeing them alive in their native baunts. 

The following table will give a concise view of the species at 
present known; their arrangement into genera and sections; the 
information obtained regarding the sexes, and the countries the 
species inhabit. 


ZEONIA, Swainson. 


Oclaviiis, Babin. «s% os ayeelviace aisisie\e-asis Guinea. 

Amazon, W. W. Saund. « 6 and @ .. Amazon region. 
Bogota, W. W. Saund. ¢@ ......... New Grenada. 
Batesii, W. W. Saund. ¢ and @  .. Amazon region. 
Timandra, W. W. Saund. & ....-.. Brazil, New Granada. 
Xantippe,G. R. Gray. $ .......- Brazil. 

Heliconoides, Swain. ¢ and @ ...... Brazil. 


Erycina, Lin. 


Ist Section. Rhetus, Swain. 


Baites “Clerk. . (2. aAWd 9 cs «ce ae wo amek Brazil, Venezuela. 
Whetus, Cram. .:3.vwe.s02 efor sisteciats o, DUrINAl. 

Huana, W. W. Saund. @ ........ Amazon region. 
dihid, \NVOress@s2 36) Vaiss entew isk ..-.- Mexico, Honduras. 
A risloderus, “BOIS: '>0\s ssi shone = ie .- Cayenne. 


2nd Section. Diorina, Morisse. 


WGAONOME. VO ANG “Dw aie areye wioic bose . Brazil, Venezuela. 
Dyson, W. W. Saund. ¢ and @ .. Venezuela. 
PSCCHS AGUS vio .stsicic + «ais sieleis 5s »-+e Bolivia. 


Tphinee, Aub. 6 and 2 Reiss sieves 


3rd Section. Melibea, W. W. Saunders. 


Atahualpa, W. W.Saund. ¢ ...... New Grenada. 
Montezeuma, W. W.Saund. ¢@ .... Mexico. 


uascar,. WW. Saunds (ode%s osib3 6% New Grenada. 

Julia; Doub.’ ys and 19) (53% scjn vate Amazon region. 
ies, WW Ssaunds six doa heee . (Peru? 

Payteius, Crani PES se ois kkk tile aicnte Amazon region. 
Colubra, W. W. Saund. «¢> <...<%2% Amazon region (Ega). 


Inca, W.. Wi. Saunds i Gtaese eater oes Mexico. 


Genus Erycina. 97 


4th Section. Rodinia, West. 


Gliploma WON: OO wie cia ee =o ocs 5 Brazil (Para). 
Parana, OUD. OS. 6 aos sate ors + Side Brazil (Bahia). 
Thala OFT area phe es Surinam. 
Aes eS) PAM: Dati chc ce cles = le Ce 6 Surinam. 
Jurgensenti, W. W.Saund. @ ...... Mexico. 
EYL, Wee We AUN. Oo cheese «5.0 eae een Ue 
UACTIONGEY: MOTAIN © | | Dope e a. ory oke-sioce « Surinam. 
Gralla Ws Watsaunds._. Os. sis oi sds'0 es New Grenada. 


5th Section. Nirodia, West. 


Belnhezor., West.) © Qs «5 deie cides sie Amazon region. 


6th Section, Euerycina, W. W. Saunders. 
Calphurnia, W. W. Saund. ¢ and @. Amazon region. 


7th Section. Riodina, West. 


LOTER fa  ROOSEO crepe wyecaetcer cle Brazil (Para), &c. 
Necyria, West. 

Bellona, Westin sos cen oacdtee seta sae - West Brazil. 

Henitsonii, W. W. Sonn Q ...-.. New Grenada. 

naunderst, Hlewit... (O° Yee asics cance New Grenada. 

Manco; W... Wz. Saund.- “S* ote ac New Grenada. 

Maclloniag Wests. xs se.0 ot eentens New Grenada. 

Manag Ws W. Saund...-$ s< 520-10 Amazon region. 
Lyrorterix, West. 

Apollonia, West. ¢ and Q ........ Amazon region. 

CEBStCRONC WV EStSrs ctor a1 s-aiacei veces. ¢) DAZ. 

Lyra, W. W. Saund,. 6 ........++ New Grenada. 


The figures accompanying this paper are contributed by my 
excellent friend Mr. W. C. Hewitson, whose talent in delineating 
Lepidopterous insects needs no comment on my part. I am 
greatly obliged to him for them. 


Zeonia Amazon, W. W. Saund. (Pl. X. figs. 3 and 4.) 


Anterior wings rather pointed, transparent, with a small black 
‘patch at the base; the anterior margin, the lateral margin, the 
nervures and a transverse somewhat notched band arising on the 

VOL. V. N.S. PART Ill,—SEPT. 18959, H 


= 


98 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


anterior margin, about one-third the length of the wing from the 
base, and terminating just within the posterior angle, of the same 
colour. Posterior wings somewhat elongated, transparent, with 
the internal and external margins margined with black, and a 
black band in continuation of the transverse band of the anterior 
wings crossing the wing and running nearly parallel with the exte- 
rior margin, terminated with diverging, slender, strap-shaped tails 
about half the length of the wing, black, with the tips margined 
with white, and having at their base a large somewhat triangular 
crimson patch crossing the wing nearly from side to side. Under- 
side of wings of the same colour and markings as the upper, 
except that there appears one or two small white specks on the 
crimson patch at the base of the tails. Head, antenne, body and 
legs black. ‘The females resemble the males, except that they 
are rather larger, with the anterior wings less pointed; the abdo- 
men more globose and massive, and the anterior legs made for 
walking. 

Expansion of wings, males 13, females 1? inch. 

In my own Collection, and that of the British Museum and Mr. 
Hewitson. : 

The species was sent from the Upper Amazon region in some 
numbers by Mr. Bates. It is very closely allied to P. Octavius, 
Fab., but differs in its larger size, the shorter diverging tails and 
in the abdomen not being tipped with yellow at the apex. 


Zeonia Bogota, W. W. Saunders. 

The anterior wings are transparent; above, with the base, 
nervures, anterior margin, exterior margin, and a transverse 
band crossing the wing from near the centre of the anterior 
margin to just within the anal angle, black. Posterior wings 
are rather full, rounded on the exterior margin, contracted 
towards the apex, and thence spreading backwards in a straight 
direction for a distance equal to one-third their length, and termi- 
nated by a long narrow rather diverging tail, transparent, above 
with the nervures, interior and exterior margins, the produced por- 
tion of the tail, and a longitudinal narrow band arising from under 
the band of the anterior wings, and directed towards the apex of 
the abdomen, black, excepting a crimson somewhat oval elongated 
transverse spot, with a white speck at the external margin, which 
crosses the end of the produced part of the wing; wings below 
nearly as above, the crimson spot only being margined posteriorly 


by a white interrupted line. Head, antenne, legs and abdomen’ 


black. 
Expansion of wings 1,7, inch. 


Genus Erycina. "99 


From Bogota, in the Collection of the British Museum, 

This species most nearly resembles Z. Amazon, but is imme- 
diately distinguished from it by the shape and smaller size of the 
crimson spot on the hinder wings. From Z. atest it is distin- 
guished by its larger size and the shape of the hinder wings, which 
have a transverse black band. 


Zeonia Batesii, W. W. Saund. (PI. X. figs. 1 and 2.) 


Anterior wings much pointed, transparent, with the base,.ante- 
rior margin, outer margin, nervures and a nearly central transverse 
band, black. Posterior wings narrow, about twice the length of 
the body, terminated by a long narrow tail-like appendage in con- 
tinuation of the outer margin, and nearly as long as the wing; 
and also by a sharp-pointed tooth-like projection in continuation 
of the inner margin, transparent, with a black band along the 
inner and outer margins, uniting before the apex, and forming 
there a large black patch, which is crossed in the centre by a 
crimson slightly curved band nearly as long as the wing is broad, 
and having below an obsolete band of minute white spots. The 
nervures, tail and tooth-like projection of the hinder wings are 
black. The underside of the wings are marked as the upper. The 
head, antennz, body and legs are black. 

Expansion of wings 1 ,3, inch. 

Collected in the Upper Amazon region by Mr. Bates. 

In the Collections of the British Museum, W. W. Saunders, &c. 

The female is very similar to the male in size, colour and mark- 
ings, chiefly differing in the anterior wings being more rounded 
on the exterior margin, making them appear less pointed, and in 
the tails being greatly diverging and somewhat curved inwards. 
In Mr. Hewitson’s Collection. 

This is a small species, with well-marked characters, having in 
the hinder wings no longitudinal band, as in all the other species 
of this section. | 


Zeonia Heliconoides, Swain. @. (PI. X. fig. 5.) 


Under an impression that the figure given in the “ Zoological 
Illustrations” of Mr. Swainson, pl. 3, 2nd Series, was that of the 
male of this species, the female was figured in the accompanying 
Pl. X. fig. 5. Examining the details given by Mr. Swainson 
there can be no doubt that his figure represents a female. A 
second figure of the female of so rare an insect will not be, how- 

H 2 


100 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


ever, out of the way in this place, particularly as there are some 
differences, such as the larger and broader crimson spot at the 
base of the tails, and the greater width of the black band on the 
outer margin of the anterior wings. The specimen figured is in 
my own Collection, and was, I believe, obtained from Brazil. 


Erycina Huana, W.W. Saunders. 


The anterior wings are pointed, with the exterior margin curved 
outwards, black, crossed by two white semi-transparent bands, one 
straight and rather broad near the base, and the other slightly 
curved outwards, commencing on the anterior margin midway 
between the apex and the basal band, and terminating on the 
hinder margin near the anal angle; the band is unequal in width, 
being narrowed both anteriorly and posteriorly. Hinder wings 
much elongated, contracted in the middle, with the interior margin 
straight, terminated by a narrow-pointed diverging tail-like ap- 
pendage, half the length of the wing, and in continuation of the 
outer margin; black, with a semi-transparent band in continuation 
of the basal band of the upper wing, running down the disc of the 
wing nearly centrally, rather broad, gradually growing to a point, 
and terminating about half the length of the wing; also with a 
thread-like streak of bluish-white along the upper portion of the 
outer margin; two crimson spots crossing the wing a little below 
the greatest contraction, one largish, triangular, on the inner 
margin, the other minute, round on the disc, and a line of small 
greyish-blue spots, a little behind the crimson spots, nearly cross- 
ing the wing and inclining towards the tail, which are margined 
with white interiorly at the base, and crossed with many lines 
of minute greyish freckles. The head and antenne are black. 
Thorax bluish-black above, below dark brown, with the legs and 
abdomen of the same colour. The underside of the wings are 
marked as the upper, except that there is a small crimson spot on 
the anterior margin of the first pair at the base. 

Expansion of wings 1,3, inch. 

From the Amazon region, collected by Mr. Bates. 

In my own Collection. 

This isa ¢ insect, and nearly related to the ¢ of Butes, but 
quite different in the shape of the posterior wings, as well as in 
the character and position of the markings and its smaller size. 
It resembles also the Rhetus of Cramer, differing again in the 
shape of the hind wings and the bands of the fore wings. It 


Genus Erycina. 101 


might turn out to be the ¢ of Rhetus, should Cramer’s insect be 
a 2, which I think it is. 


Erycina Atahualpa, W.W. Saunders. (PI. XI. fig. 14.) 


The anterior wings are pointed; above black, with a narrow 
straight crimson band crossing from the anterior to the posterior 
margin in a slanting direction, so as to touch the latter about the 
centre; below black, with two irregular broad bright shining 
steel-blue bands crossing the wing in the same direction as the 
crimson band above. ‘The posterior wings are elongated, and. 
produced into a short broad somewhat diverging tail, with two 
slight blunt teeth on the inner margin, and three projections of 
the same kind on the outer margin; above black, with a crimson 
band arising immediately under the termination of the band of the 
upper wing, and running thence in a slanting direction towards 
the anal angle, where it terminates with a slight curve inwards, 
leaving the margin free; also with a crimson spot on the inner 
margin near the apex of the abdomen, and a row of six brilliant 
blue rounded spots running between the crimson band and the 
outer margin, and crossing the base of the broad tail, which itself 
is blue in certain lights, and has two white specks on its inner 
margin, and three white specks of the same character occur in the 
indentures of the teeth on the outer margin of the wing; beneath 
black, with two bright shining steel-blue bands of the same de- 
scription as those of the anterior wings, one at the base and the 
other on the exterior margin, corresponding with the row of blue 
spots on the upper surface; also with an elongated crimson spot 
agreeing in position with the crimson spot on the upper surface. 
Head, antenne, body and legs black. 

Expansion of wings 1.8, inch. 

Inhabits New Grenada. 

In the Collection of Mr. Hewitson. 

This species approaches very closely to Ery. Montezeuma, 
W.W. Saunders, from Mexico. It differs in the deep black of 
the ground colour of the upperside of the wing, the absence of a 
second band on the anterior wings, and of the large crimson spot at 
the base of the tail. The bright blue spots on the upper surface 
of the posterior wings are also larger, rounder and more decided. 
The specimen described, the only one I have seen, isa 3. 


Erycina Huascar, W.W. Saunders. (Pl. XI. fig. 15.) 


Black ; anterior wings rather pointed above, with a broadish, 


102 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


nearly straight band crossing the wing from a point near the an- 
terior margin, about one-third its length from the base of the wing, 
and terminating on the posterior margin, about the same relative 
distance from the posterior angle. ‘This band only reaches the 
costal nervure, showing beyond a mere speck of the crimson 
colour; below with brilliant steel-blue reflections, crossed with 
black nervures, and leaving a black band at the base, and another 
of the same colour, nearly corresponding in position with the 
crimson band, on the upper side. Posterior wings subtrigonate, 
terminated with a short, somewhat sharply pointed, diverging tail, 
with a straight uniform crimson band of about half the width of 
the band of the anterior wings, and arising immediately below it, 
and thence running nearly parallel to the outer margin to a short 
distance beyond the apex of the abdomen, where it terminates on 
the disc of the wing. A little above this point, on the inner 
margin of the wing, is a small crimson spot. At the base of the 
tail, running across the narrow portion of the wing, is a row of 
three minute blue spots. The tail has two broadish teeth on the 
inner margin, with white specks in the indentures, and there are 
three white specks on the outer margin of the wing. The under- 
side of the posterior wings have the same brilliant blue reflections 
as on the anterior wings, with a black band crossing them, nearly 
corresponding with the crimson band on the upperside, and also 
a little within the inner margin a large round crimson spot, just 
behind the termination of the abdomen, and a small white spot on 
the same margin at the base of the tail. 

Expansion of wings 2 inches. 

Inhabits New Grenada. 

In the Collection of Mr. Hewitson. 

This is the largest species of the section, and with very dis- 
tinctly marked characters. ‘The specimen in Mr. Hewitson’s Col- 
lection is a male. 


Erycina Etias, W. W. Saunders. (PI. XI. fig. 11.) 


Anterior wings rather pointed, and rounded on the exterior 
margin; above purplish black, with a narrow nearly straight 
crimson band crossing the wing from a point nearly central on the 
anterior margin to a point also nearly central on the posterior 
margin, and also with an ill-defined bluish line-like curved band 
between the crimson band and the exterior margin, running 
nearly midway between them; below velvety black, with two 
bright steel blue shining bands, which change to vivid green in 


Genus Erycina. 103 


certain lights, and which are traversed with black nervures. 
These bands cross the wing, running into the anterior margin, 
which is lined with the same brilliant colour, leaving a triangular 
patch at the base, a central oblong transverse space, and a gra- 
dually diminishing band, broadest at the apex, along the external 
margin, of the ground colour. Posterior wings rather narrow and 
terminated with a short blunt somewhat diverging tail ; above 
purplish black, the tail and external margin purplish blue in cer- 
tain lights, with a narrow crimson band in continuation of the 
crimson band of the anterior wing, running across the middle of 
the wing nearly parallel with the outer margin, and suddenly 
bending upwards and gradually vanishing a little below the apex 
of the abdomen before it reaches the anterior margin. Behind 
this band, and midway between it and the tip of the tail, is a long, 
narrow, rather wavy, crescent-shaped patch of crimson colour, 
nearly crossing the base of the tail, curving upwards before it 
reaches the outer margin, where it runs into an obsolete bluish 
band which passes alongside the margin and nearly midway be- 
tween it and the crimson band; on the outer margin are four 
specks of white in the indentations, and two more in like situa- 
tions at the tip of the tail; below velvety black, with the base 
and anterior margin of the same shining blue as that on the un- 
derside of the anterior wings, and a broad band of the same blue 
colour on the outer margin, leaving a broad central band, a line 
along the outer margin, and the interior margin of the tip of the 
tail, of the ground colour. The blue base of the wing and band 
of the same colour on the outer margin are crossed with black 
nervures. Head, antenne, body and legs black, except the an- 
terior pair, which are steel-blue. 

Expansion of wings 1-8, inch. 

In my own Collection. Received from Peru. 

The specimen described is a @, which strongly resembles Py- 
retas, Cram., but differs in the shorter and blunter tails, in having 
the crimson bands of the upper surface of the wings narrower, 
and in the disposition of the metallic blue bands and markings of 
the underside of the wings. 


Erycina Colubra, W. W. Saund. (PI. XI. fig. 12.) 


The anterior wings are sharply pointed, with the outer margin 
somewhat indented ; above black, with a rather broad crimson 
straight band, crossing the wing from a point on the outer margin 
a little within the centre and terminating near the centre of the 
posterior margin, the band being somewhat broader at its termi- 


104 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


nation; also with a very obsolete scarcely apparent reddish- 
brown band running midway between the crimson band and the 
exterior margin, which is marked with spots in the spaces between 
the termination of the nervures ; below brilliant shining blue, ex- 
cept the apex and the nervures, which are black. Posterior wings 
elongate, with three teeth on the exterior margin, tapering and 
terminating with a broad obtuse scarcely diverging tail, which has 
three blunt teeth at the apex ; above black, with a narrow straight 
crimson band in continuation of the broader band of the anterior 
wings, and terminating on the disc a little beyond the apex of the 
abdomen, and a large crimson nearly semicircular patch crossing 
the base of the tail, the curved side of the patch being directed 
towards the tail, and also a very narrow reddish-brown band be- 
tween the crimson band and the outer margin. On the indenta- 
tions of the outer margin of the wing there are three white specks, 
and there are two white specks in like situations at the tip of the 
tail; below coloured as above, except the space in front of the 
crimson spot is brilliant blue, with the nervures marked with 
black, and there is also a faint bluish tinge on the apex of the 
tail. Head, antennee, body and legs velvety black, except the 
anterior pair of legs, which are blue. 

Expansion of the wings 13, inch. 

Discovered at Ega, on the River Amazon, by Mr. Bates. 

In the Collection of the British Museum. 

I have only seen males of this elegant but small species. The 
nearly straight broad tails, with large crimson spot at the base, 
distinguish the species from all its congeners at once. | 


Erycina Eryxo, W. W. Saunders. (PI. XI. fig. 13.) 


Anterior wings rather short and obtuse at the apex; above 
black-brown, with a broad straight white band arising on the 
anterior margin about one-third of its length from the base, and 
proceeding to the middle of the posterior margin, gradually in- 
creasing in width until it is nearly double what it was at its com- 
mencement. About midway between this and the exterior margin 
there is an ill-defined narrow whitish band curved outwards run- 
ning across the wing; below as above, except that the narrow band 
is broader, whiter and better defined. Posterior wings rather 
short, terminating in a broad rather long-pointed diverging tail ; 
above blackish brown, with a broad white band in continuation of 
the broad band of the anterior wing running nearly parallel with 
the interior margin and curving suddenly nearly at right angles 


Genus Erycina. 105 


until the margin is reached. This curved portion of the band is 
narrower and bright vermilion in colour. Nearly midway be- 
tween the white band and the exterior margin is a very faint line- 
like whitish-brown wavy band, about the length of the broader 
band, and in the indentations of the exterior margin are three 
white specks. There is also a wavy vermilion band crossing the 
base of the tail from the outer margin, in a direction nearly 
parallel to the internal margin of the tail, until it reaches the 
internal margin of the wing, just before which it runs up and joins 
the vermilion portion of he broader band by an angular projec- 
tion. The tail is tipped with a small white patch, and there are 
three white specks in the indentations of its inner margin; below 
very nearly as above. Head, body, antenne and legs black. 

Expansion of wings 1%; inch. 

From Peru. 

In my own Collection. 

This female, somewhat resembling E. Jurgensenii from Mexico 
in colour, but very different in its markings and much smaller in 


size. It is, I expect, a female of one of the species in the section 
Melibea. 


Erycina Ocollo, W. W. Saunders. (PI. X. figs. 6 and 7.) 


The head, antenne and body are black. The palpi short, 
searcely projecting beyond the front of the head. The anterior 
wings are large and full; the exterior margin curved outwards ; 
above black, with a broad bright orange band passing in a slanting 
direction, from about the centre of the anterior margin to the 
exterior margin near the anal angle, and with an ill-defined narrow 
yellowish-brown band running about midway between the apex of 
the wing and the orange band, and nearly parallel with the latter ; 
below the colouring is as above, except that the apical band is 
white, crossed with black nervures. The posterior wings are full 
and rather short, terminated by a sharp-pointed rather long very 
diverging tail. They are black, with a central yellow band broken 
in the middle, wide at its commencement near the centre of the 
anterior margin, and terminating at the apex of the abdomen. 
Behind the yellow band is an angular row of spots between it and 
the apex of the wing; those near the outer margin yellow and 
parallel with the margin; the remainder white, running parallel 
with the apex of the wing. A broad bright patch of blue, crossed 
with black nervures, occupies the surface of the wing between 


106 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


the white spots and the broken portion of the yellow band. The 
inner margin of the tail has three elongated white spots upon it. 
The under surface of the posterior wings differs from the upper 
in having the yellow band continuous, the band of spots all white 
and larger in size, and being devoid of the blue patch of colour. 
A @ variety occurs where the posterior wings want on both sur- 
faces the apical band; and the posterior wings have the yellow 
band reduced to a triangular patch on the anterior margin on both 
surfaces, and the band of spots is not so decided on the upper 
side, but the blue patch is spread over more of the disc of the 
wing. See Pl. X. fig. 6. 

Expansion of wings 1,9, inch. 

Inhabits New Grenada. 

In the Collection of Mr. Hewitson. 

A very distinct and beautiful species, apparently given to vari- 
ations, and quite unlike any yet discovered. 


Erycina Calphurma, W. W. Saunders. &. (PI. X. fig. 8.) 


In my former paper on the Erycinide, in the ‘‘ Transactions of 
the Entomological Society,” I described the female of this species, 
that sex being only then known. Since the publication of that 
paper, Mr. Bates has sent from the Amazon region the male, 
which differs from the female in the following respects. In having 
the transverse white bands of the wings narrower, the one on the 
posterior wings not arising so immediately under the termination 
of the band of the anterior wing, and terminating on the disc of 
the wing before the wing is half traversed; in having a red 
streak of colour extending along the internal margin of the pos- 
terior wing from the base to the tail; in having the tails some- 
what longer and glossed above with a delicate pale greyish-blue 
colour, and on the underside in having a little more of the red 
colour at the base of the tails. 

Expansion of wings 1? inch. 

The nature of the long tail-like appendages to the posterior 
wings, alike in both sexes and general style of colouring, makes 
me place this species in a section by itself, to which I give the 
name of Luerycina, and probably, when the transformation of the 
species are known, this section will form a good sub-genus. 


Necyria Hewitsonii, W. W. Saunders. (PI. X. figs. 9 and 10.) 


The head and antenne are black. ‘The anterior wings are 
above black, with a transverse rather broad crimson curved band 


Genus Erycina. 107 


crossed with black nervures, commencing near the middle of the 
anterior margin, where it is the broadest, and passing thence 
towards the outer margin, and terminating almost in a point near 
the anal angle, after running for a short distance parallel with the 
outer margin ; below nearly as above, but the transverse band is 
broader and paler in colour, and the black colour has a steel-blue 
iridescence. Posterior wings above black, with a rather broad 
band of bright blue colour crossed with black nervures running 
parallel with the outer margin and at a short distance from it, 
and six spots of a whitish colour in the fringe. Below steel-blue, 
with the nervures strongly marked with black, and some pale 
crimson streaks forming a patch of colour on the inner margin 
just below the apex of the abdomen; body and legs black. 

Expansion of wings 2 inches. 

Received from New Grenada. 

In the Collection of Mr. Hewitson. 

This is a well-marked and beautiful species, apparently given 
to variations, as Mr. Hewitson possesses a specimen with the 
crimson band in the anterior wings somewhat broader than in the 
type, and the posterior wings above having two small crimson 
spots on the blue band near the anterior margin, and below an 
irregular pale crimson band crossed with black nervures running 
parallel with the hinder margin. Females only of this species are 
known, 


Necyria Manco, W. W. Saunders. (Pl. XI. fig. 16.) 


The head and antenne are black. The anterior wings are 
rather pointed, above black, and crossed near the centre with a 
narrow somewhat curved uniform crimson band. Between the 
band and the outer margin, and running parallel with the former, 
is a row of seven rather large indistinct bluish spots, nearly touch- 
ing each other and forming an irregular band; below black, with 
brilliant blue markings, somewhat larger than those above, and a 
crimson spot on the middle of the hinder margin. Posterior 
wings black, with a crimson curved band in continuation of the 
one on the anterior wings, and crossing the wing about the centre 
to the interior margin, and a row of bright blue shining somewhat 
rectangular spots between the band and the outer margin, forming 
an irregular band parallel both with the band and margin, in which 
are six white specks of colour; below black, with brilliant blue 
markings, similar somewhat to those above, and a crimson band 
uniform in position to the one above, but broader towards the 


108 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


inner margin, and terminating ina point before the anterior margin 
is reached. Body and legs black. 

Expansion of wings 24 inches. 

Received from New Grenada. 

In Mr. Hewitson’s Collection. 

Males of this beautiful and distinct species have not as yet been 
sent to this country. 


Necyria Tapaja, W. W. Saunders. (PI. XI. figs. 17 and 18.) 


The anterior wings are above deep brownish-black, with a rather 
broad, transverse, straight, somewhat irregular crimson band, com- 
mencing near the anterior margin about one-third the length of 
the margin from the base of the wing, and proceeding to a point 
on the posterior margin a little within the posterior angle. Be- 
tween the band and the outer margin of the wing is a line of 
minute white specks about six in number, commencing near the 
posterior angle and running in a curved direction towards the 
anterior margin, somewhat parallel to the outer margin of the 
wing. The wings below are as above, except that the crimson 
band is wanting all but a small patch on the posterior margin ; the 
line of white specks larger, and the ground colour of the wings 
not so dark. Posterior wings above deep brownish-black, with 
an irregular, largish, crescent-shaped crimson spot on the disc of 
each wing a little below the centre, the direction of the spot 
lengthways being parallel to the inner margin of the wings. Un- 
derside brownish black, with an ill-defined row of six to eight 
minute white specks running in a curve a short distance from the 
hinder margin. Head, antennz, body and legs black. There is 
an interesting male variety in Mr. Hewitson’s collection (see 
fig. 18), having no crimson patch on the disc of the posterior 
wings, and having a larger crimson patch on the underside of the 
anterior wings. It is also rather larger in size. 

Expansion of wings 2 inches. 

Sent from the the river Tapajos, Amazon region, by Mr. Bates. 

In my own and other Collections. 

This is a very distinct species, differing from all others yet de- 
scribed, except Beliona, in the entire want of blue markings on 
the upper surface of the posterior wings, and from that species in 
the position and size of the crimson markings on the wings; also 
in the greater size of the posterior wings, which are more rounded 
posteriorly than in its congeners. 


Genus Erycina. 109 


Lyropteryx Apollonia, Westwood. @. (Pl. XI. fig. 19.) 


The anterior wings are full and much rounded on the outer 
margin; above black, except two or three minute crimson spots 
near the base, and a broad band of brownish-white line-like 
markings taking the direction of the nerves of the wing on the 
outer margin; below, black towards the base, near which are four 
crimson rounded spots; the remainder of the wing traversed by 
brownish-white lines in the direction of the nervures; fringe 
black. Posterior wings above black at the base, near which are 
two or three minute crimson spots, and on the exterior margin a 
broad crimson band, into which the black colour of the base runs 
in many pointed radiating lines in the direction of the nervures ; 
below black, with ten unequal sized crimson rounded spots on the 
basal half, the other portion being pale crimson, traversed in the 
direction of the nervures with black lines, proceeding from the 
black colour of the base of the wing; fringe white. Head, an- 
tennz, body and legs black, except the abdomen, which is short 
and stout and spotted with crimson on the sides near the apex. 

Expansion of the wings 2¢ inches. 

From the Amazon region. 

In the Collection of the British Museum. 

The foregoing description is that of a female, which, looking to 
the crimson spotting of the base of the wings and the band of 
line-like markings of the anterior wings, I believe to be the @ of 
L. Apollonia, Westwood, the male of which is in the National Col- 
lection, and was well figured in the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepi- 
doptera,” pl. 72, fig. 1. 


Lyropteryx Lyra, W. W. Saunders. 


The anterior wings are sharply pointed; above velvety black, 
with a broad band on the outer margin of about seventeen bluish- 
white line-like markings running in the direction of the nervures, 
the band being at the apex of the wing one-third the length of the 
anterior margin, and gradually narrowing as it approaches the 
posterior angle, and having its inner margin somewhat curved 
outwards; fringe black; below brownish-black, with five small 
crimson spots placed near each other towards the base, and the 
remainder of the wing covered with white radiating lines, taking 
the direction of the nervures and gradually increasing in width as 
they approach the outer margin. Posterior wings with the anal 
angle elongated into a well-defined projection; above velvety 


110. Mr. W. W. Saunders on the Genus Erycina. 


black, with a band of about one-fourth the length of the wing in 
width, on the outer margin, of radiating blue lines; fringe white ; 
below brownish-black, with nine irregularly-sized rounded crimson 
spots near the base, two of which, the largest in size, are on the 
fold of the wing, the remainder of the wing being covered with 
white lines radiating in the direction of the nervures and increasing 
in width as they approach the posterior margin. Head, antenne, 
thorax, legs and abdomen black, except two lines along the sides 
of the Jatter near the apex, which are crimson. 

Expansion of wings 2 inches. 

From Bogota. 

In the Collection at the British Museum. 

This species is a near approach to L. Apollonia, Westwood, 
but differs in its smaller size, more pointed anterior wings, the 
much smaller width of the marginal band of blue line-like mark- 
ings on the upper surface of the same, and in other respects. The 
description is made from a male, the only sex known. 


CA) 


VI. Descriptions of Twenty-Five Species of Indian Micro- 
Lepidoptera. By H. T. Srainron, Esq., F.L.S., &e. 


[Read 6th Dec. 1858 ] 


Ir is now nearly three years ago since T read before this Society 
“Descriptions of Three Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera,” 
which had been reared from the larvee at Calcutta, by Mr. Atkin- 
son. The species of which I then communicated descriptions 
were all belonging to the families of the smaller Tineima, one 
being an aberrant Coriscium,* and the others referable to the genera 
Phyllocnistis and Lithocolletis respectively. 

I have since then received two consignments of insects from 
Mr. Atkinson, who still remains at Calcutta pursuing his Ento- 
mological investigations there. The last box of insects I received 
contained such a number of beautiful and interesting species, 
that I determined to lose no time in communicating to the Society 
descriptions of them. I have at present not had time to investi- 
gate the whole, but having examined twenty-five of the species, I 
now give my observations thereon, and hope at an early subse- 
quent meeting to give descriptions of twenty-five more species. 

One great impediment to the rapid investigation of these Indian 
Micros is their bizarre and unexpected forms; very few of the 
specimens are prepared to fall into any of our European genera ; 
but in some cases there is an analogy or affinity with existing 
genera so strong, that not wishing a wholesale creation of genera, 
which is always apt to be perplexing to the future student, I have 
preferred to refer them doubtfully to existing genera, pointing 
out at the same time their discordant characters. 

In two instances only have I created new genera; thus for the 
beautiful scarlet Clerodendronella, with its peculiarly formed an- 
terior wings, singular antennze, remarkable hind legs and extra- 
ordinary posture in repose, I have proposed the generic name of 
Atkinsonia; and for two very pretty insects, somewhat allied 
to Cosmopleryx, but with much shorter drooping palpi, the face 
hollow and retreating, and a fillet in front of the head between 


* For descriptions of Coriscium orientale, Phyllocnistis Citrella and Lithocolletis 
Bauhinie, see Trans. Ent. Soc. yol, iii., N.S., pp. 301—303. 


112 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of 


the antenne, I have constructed a new genus, Lozostoma ; both 
these new genera belong to the family Elachistide. 

One can scarcely help feeling lost in utter amazement at the 
extraordinary variety of form and structure which the tropical 
forms of the Micro-Lepidoptera occasionally assume, and it is im- 
possible to foresee at the present day to what extent a rigorous 
and systematic study of these insects from all parts of the world 
would modify our existing arrangements ; we are too apt to work 
exclusively from a European basis, and single representatives here 
of extensive exotic families are apt to be forced in unpleasant alli- 
ance with other groups to which they are in nowise related. Just 
as the solitary European example of the Erycincde amongst the 
Diurnal Lepidoptera, found itself formerly grouped with the Nym- 
phalide ; and doubtless had we but a single representative of the 
Noctuide here, we might for years have perplexed ourselves 
whether it was a Bombyx or Geomelra, never conceiving that it 
might represent a group distinct from either, and of equal im- 
portance. 

It may well be asked whether we are wise in insisting on the 
insertion of the aberrant Lepidoptera, such as the Cochliopodide, the 
Chloephoride, &c. in some of the main larger groups—did these 
small families contain hundreds of species, should we not have 
formed them into groups by themselves? and why should we, 
because their numbers are few, adopt a different view of their re- 
Jations and arrangement ? 

But with these brief preliminary remarks I proceed with my 
task, namely, the descriptions of the twenty-five species. 

Tinea longicornis, n. sp. 

. Cerostoma rugosella, n. sp. 

. Cerostoma albofasciella, n. sp. 
Anarsia candida, un. sp. 

Depressaria Ricini, Atkinson, in litt. 
Depressaria Zizyphi, Atkinson, in litt. 
Depressaria ?. Ricinella, Atkinson, in litt. 
Gelechia? Hibisci, Atkinson, in litt. 
Gelechia? pubescentella, n. sp. 
Gelechia simpliciella, n. sp. 

Gelechia marginipunctella, n. sp. 
Parasia? apicipunctella, n. sp. 

13. Gicophora subganomella, n. sp. 

14. Butalis triocellata, n. sp. 

15. Gracilaria? auricilla, n. sp. 

16. Gracilaria? falcatella, n. sp. 


J 
SOMNANE & WH 


— 
COS 


Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 113 


17. Gracilaria? ustulatella, n. sp. 

18. Ornix ? albifrons, n. sp. 

19. Cosmopteryx Asiatica, n. sp. 

20. Cosmopteryx ? semicoccinea, n. sp. 

21. Cosmopteryx ? e@neella, n. sp. 

22. Lozostoma flavofasciata, n. sp. 

23. Lozostoma semisulphurea, n. sp. 

24. Atkinsonia Clerodendronella, Atkinson, in litt. 
25. Laverna? Mimose, Atkinson, in litt. 


1. Tinea longicornis, n. sp. 


Alis anticis lucidis ochreo-griseis, fascia basim versus, maculis 

duabus suboppositis in medio, margineque postico fuscis. 

Exp. al. 33—432 lin. 

A true Tinea allied to Nigripunctella, and resembling it in the 
length of the antennze, which are far longer than the anterior 
wings; the colour of this species is, however, more analogous to 
that of dark specimens of Pellionel/a, but the markings are very 
differently placed. 

Head and face brownish. Palpi brownish-grey. Antenne 
long, slender, brownish-grey. 

Anterior wings shining greyish-ochreous, with an indistinct 
broad brown fascia near the base; on the middle of the inner 
margin is a distinct brown spot, and beyond it is a larger one on 
the costa; the two together almost form an angulated fascia, but 
do not touch; hind margin clouded with brown cilia, greyish- 
ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia. 

I have before me two specimens, collected by Mr. Atkinson, 
near Calcutta. 


2. Cerostoma rugosella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis fuscis, saturatiore marmorosis, dorsum versus satu- 
ratioribus, squamis numerosis exasperatis, irregulariter dispo- 
Sits. 

Exp. al. 83 lin. 

A singular looking insect, exhibiting some characters of Ochsen- 
heimeria in conjunction with those of Cerostoma; the palpi have 
long bristly scales, and the anterior wings are covered with erect 
scales, placed irregularily. 

It perhaps comes nearest to Cerostoma Horridella. 

Head and face greyish-brown. Palpi dark grey, the second 
joint with a projecting tuft, but composed of thick coarse seales ; 

VOL. V. N.S. PART I1.—SEPT. 1859. I 


114 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of 


terminal joint recurved, slender, brown at the base, the tip grey- 
ish-ochreous. ; 

Anterior wings brownish, marbled with darker, and with an ill- 
defined dark cloud along the inner margin; scattered all over the 
surface of the wing are numerous erect scales, one tuft near the 
base being especially conspicuous; cilia brownish. Posterior 
wings greyish-brown, with paler cilia. 

A single specimen is before me, taken near Calcutta by Mr. 
Atkinson. It is not in first-rate condition, but it has such a 
striking appearance, that I thought it better to describe it. 


3. Cerostoma albofasciella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis brunneis, fascia lata media dorsum versus repan- 
data alba, macula coste subapicalis, alteraque marginis 
postici albis. 

Exp. al. 5 lin. 


A strikingly distinct species, different from anything else we 
know. 

Head and face whitish-brown; palpi rather whiter, the tuft of 
the second joint thick but not long, tinged with brownish exter- 
nally, terminal joint white. Antenne thick, pale brownish. 

Anterior wings brown, marbled with darker, with a conspicuous 
broad white fascia in the middle, broadest on the inner margin, 
its inner edge being rather angulated, and its outer edge oblique ; 
on the costa towards the apex is a small white spot, and a more 
elongate one lies on the hind margin: in one specimen I have be- 
fore me these white markings are slightly suffused with very pale 
fuscous, and a small brownish spot lies on the inner margin to- 
wards the outer edge of the fascia; cilia pale brown, intersected 
by two whitish dashes below the apex. Posterior wings pale 
grey, with paler cilia. 

_I have before me two specimens, collected by Mr. Atkinson 
near Calcutta. 


4. Anarsia candida, n. sp. 


Alis anticis niveis, nebulis brunnescentibus, maculis duabus disci 

plumbeis, una ante, altera pone medium. 

Exp. al. 6 lin. 

A most lovely insect, totally unlike any known Anarsia or Ge- 
lechia, but has some slight resemblance to some Tortrices of the 
genus Eupecilia. 

Head and face snowy white. Palpi white; terminal joint black 


ee 


Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 115 


at the base, and with a black ring before the tip. Antenne white, 
with a black spot on the front of the basal joint. 

Anterior wings white; a black dot on the sub-costal nervure 
near the base, and the costa dotted with brown-black ; three 
nearly equidistant reddish-brown clouds run across the wing, one 
near the base, one in the middle, and the third at the hind margin; 
in the spaces between these are too leaden grey spots of irregular 
form, that before the middle being the darkest, and a leaden grey 
line runs along the hind margin; cilia greyish-ochreous, inter- 
sected by three darker lines. Posterior wings whitish, tinged with 
pale-brown towards the apex, with pale-ochreous cilia. 

I have before me asingle specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson near 
Calcutta. 


5. Depressaria Ricini, Atkinson, in litt. 


Alis anticis sulphureis, costa pone medium aurantia, puncto 
obsoleto disci pone medium, punctisque marginis postici, 
griseis. 

Exp. al. 8 lin. 

A pretty and very distinct species, easily recognizable by the 

above characters. 

Head and face pale sulphur-yellow. Palpi whitish; tip of ter- 

minal joint dark-fuscous. Antennz pale-brown, strongly ciliated. 

Anterior wings pale sulphur-yellow, with the costa narrowly 

orange from before the middle to the apex; on the inner margin 
near the base is a faint pale grey cloud, and on the disc beyond 
the middle is a very indistinct grey dot; a row of grey dots runs 
along the hind margin; cilia whitish-sulphur. Posterior wings 
whitish, with the cilia a little darker. 

Larva green, with the head black; feeds on the castor-oil plant, 

Ricinus communis, rolling up the edge of a leaf. 

I have before me a single specimen, collected by Mr. Atkinson 

near Calcutta. 


6. Depressaria Zizyphi, Atkinson. 


Alis anticis brunneo-ochreis, basi saturate fusca, punctis fuscis 
oblique transversis, tribus ante, et tribus pone medium, e 
squamis elevatis compositis, macula subapicali nigricante. 

Exp. al. 64—7 lin. 


This appears to be a real Depressaria, though aberrant in the 
structure of the palpi, and in the tufts of raised scales on the ante- 
Tee, 


116 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of 


rior wings; it cannot readily be confounded with any known 
species, ; 

Head brownish-grey ; face paler. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous ; 
the end of the second joint brownish ; terminal joint ochreous- 
brown at the base, and with a black ring before the tip, much 
thickened with loose projecting scales. Antenne thick, about 
three-fourths the length of the anterior wings. 

Anterior wings brownish-ochreous, with a dark-brown patch at 
the base; before the middle are three tufts of dark scales ob- 
liquely placed, and beyond the middle are three nearly similar 
tufts, but the costal and subcostal one are larger and darker than 
that on the fold; before the apex lies a ell blackish spot, a 
streak from which runs into the apical cilia; cilia otherwise 
ochreous. Posterior wings brownish, with a faint coppery gloss ; 
cilia greyish. 

Larva green, with the head dark-brown; feeds on Zizyphus 
Jujuba, 

Collected by Mr. Atkinson near Calcutta. 


7. Depressaria? Ricinella, Atkinson. 


Alis anticis truncatis ochraceis, punctis sparsis fuscis; macula 
saturate fusca disci ante medium ; alis posticis albidis. 
Exp. al. 9—11 lin. 


This is not a true Depressaria, the abdomen not being flattened, 
and the second joint of the palpi being slender, in both which 
respects it resembles Orthotelia, but the greater length of the 
palpi, as long as in Phibalocera, and the different habit of the larva, 
remove it from Orthotelia ; the length of the antenna, little more 
than half that of the anterior wings, easily distinguishes it from 
Phibalocera. It has a superficial resemblance with Depressaria 
arenella. 

Head and face ochreous. Palpi long, thin, recurved, the second 
joint not incrassated, ochreous, with a heoen tinge along the sides ; 
terminal joint ochreous, with a brown ring at the base. Antenne 
of the male pubescent. 

Anterior wings gradually increasing in breadth to beyond the 
middle, then becoming slightly narrower, the hind margin trun- 
cate, ochreous, with numerous small brown spots, and a larger 
darker spot on the dise before the middle; towards the apex is 
frequently a curved row of brown dots; hind margin spotted with 
brown; cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings whitish, with a few 
brown dots on the apical margin; cilia whitish-ochreous, 


Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 117 


Larva bright-green ; the head and second segment black ; feeds 
on the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis) in September, rolling up 
the edges of the leaves. 

Collected by Mr. Atkinson near Calcutta. 


8. Gelechia? Hibisci, Atkinson, in litt. 


Alis anticis griseis, linea humerali, macula magna dorsali, 
macula parva disci pone medium, apiceque saturate rufo- 
brunneis. 

Exp. al. 5—6 lin. 


By the palpi and hind wings a Gelechia, but aberrant by the 
produced apex and concave hind margin of the anterior wings ; 
the dark blotch on the inner margin reminds one of an Anchy- 
lopera. 

Head and face grey. Palpi, second joint grey, terminal joint 
brownish-ochreous, with a paler ring in the middle and pale tip. 
Antenne grey, with pale ochreous annulations. 

Anterior wings grey, with some clouds and dashes of ochreous, 
and with a short red-brown streak from the base along the sub- 
costal nervure; on the inner margin is a large semi-circular 
chocolate-brown blotch edged with pale ochreous; beyond it is 
a small, nearly round spot of the same colour on the disc, edged 
and intersected with pale ochreous; beyond the middle of the 
costa a slender whitish-ochreous line goes obliquely to the hind 
margin just above the anal angle; the apical portion of the wing 
beyond it is entirely chocolate-brown, but intersected longitu- 
dinally by three ochreous lines; the apex of the wing is produced 
and slightly hooked; cilia ochreous, except the tips of the cilia 
at the actual apex, which are brown. Posterior wings greyish- 
brown, with paler cilia. 

Larva small, green, with the head black ; it feeds on the tops of 
the yellow Hibiscus. The perfect insects appeared in July, 1856. 

Collected by Mr. Atkinson near Calcutta. 


9. Gelechia? pubescentella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis lucidis dilute griseo-fuscis, puncto saturatiore disci 
pone medium subobsoleto; antennis ( ¢ ) distincte ciliatis. 
Exp. al. 43 lin. 


This would seem to be related to the Cinerel/a group of the 
genus Gelechia, both in the form of the anterior and the posterior 
wings, but the strongly ciliated antennee would appear almost to 
require its being separated generically. 


118 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of 


Head, face and palpi greyish-ochreous. Antenne brown, 
strongly dentate, and with long brownish cilia. 

Anterior wings shining pale greyish-brown, with an indistinct 
darker dot on the dise beyond the middle; cilia rather paler than 
the wings. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-ochreous 
cilia. 

I have before me four specimens (all males), collected by Mr. 
Atkinson near Calcutta. 


10. Gelechia simpliciella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis ochraceis, dorsum versus fuscescenti-suffusis, puncto 
disci pone medium nigro, punctis fuscis plice subobsoletis, 
margine postico fusco-punctato. 

Exp. al. 5—53 lin. 


An inconspicuous-looking insect, but not closely allied to any 
known species. 

Head and face yellowish-ochreous. Palpi greyish-ochreous, 
edged with brownish externally. Antennae brownish-ochreous or 
brownish. 

Anterior wings ochreous, palest along the costa, more or less 
suffused with brownish towards the inner margin; on the disc, 
beyond the middle, is a conspicuous blackish dot, and on well- 
marked specimens a few brownish dots may be traced along the 
fold ; hind margin dotted with brown; cilia ochreous. Posterior 
wings with the apex very slightly produced, pale grey, with 
greyish-ochreous cilia. 

This species appears rather variable; one specimen, which I 
cannot consider distinct, has the anterior wings entirely suffused with 
brownish, and tivo conspicuous black dots on the disc, with two 
almost equally distinct on the fold. 

I have before me three pale specimens, and one of the dark va- 
riety; they were collected by Mr. Atkinson near Calcutta. 


11. Gelechia marginipunctella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis niveis, costa et dorso fusco-punctatis, atomisque 
fuscis irroratis. ° 

Exp. al. 43 lin. 

A very distinct and easily recognized species. 

Head and face white. Palpi white, with a black spot at the 
base, and a brown spot near the tip of the second joint, and a 
brown ring at the base, and a brown spot below the tip of the 
terminal joint. Antenne pale brown, 


Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 119 


Anterior wings narrow, white, sparingly dusted with brownish 
scales, and with some small brownish spots along the costa and 
Inner margin, and a few along the disc; cilia whitish. Posterior 
wings pale grey, with whitish cilia. 

I have before me a single specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson near 
Calcutta. 


12. Parasia? apicipunctella, n. sp. 
Alis anticis sordide ochreis, saturatius venosis, atomis sparsis 
nigris, puncto transversali nigro disci ante medium. 


Exp. al. 6 lin. 


Hardly a true Parasia, the anterior wings being too pointed, 
and the apex of the posterior wings not sufficiently produced, yet 
the palpi are recurved, and the terminal joint is thickened with 
scales almost to the extreme tip. 

Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi greyish-ochreous ; the 
terminal joint densely clothed with ochreous scales, with a brownish 
spot towards the tip, the extreme tip naked. Antenne greyish- 
ochreous, 

Anterior wings dull-ochreous, veined with darker, with some 
scattered blackish atoms, and an elongate black dot on the dise 
before the middle ; a row of black dots goes round the acute apex ; 
cilia ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, darker at the base, with 
ochreous cilia, 

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson near 
Calcutta. 


13. Gicophora subganomella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis sordide griseo-ochreis, punctis tribus nigris, uno 
plicee, duobus disci, margineque postico nigro-punctato. 
Exp. al. 5 lin. 


This insect reminds one excessively of Tinea Lappelia, but is of 
a paler greyer colour, and of course structurally different. 

Head, face and palpi greyish-ochreous ; antenne rather thick, 
brownish. 

Anterior wings pale greyish-ochreous, with three black dots, one 
on the fold, one rather beyond it on the disc before the middle, 
the third on the disc beyond the middle ; the hind margin is dotted 
with black; cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings shining 
pale grey, with pale greyish-ochreous cilia. 

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson near 
Calcutta. 


120 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of 


14, Butalis triocellata, n. sp. 


Alis anticis purpureo-griseis, dilute ochreo-punctatis, striatisque, 
vitta dorsali fusca, maculis tribus disci brunneis, ochreo- 
cinctis. 

Exp. al. 7—8 lin. 


Not closely allied to any known species, and perhaps, con- 
sidering the form of the abdomen, hardly a true Butalis, but the 
ovate form of the posterior wings prevents its being associated 
with Gelechia. It varies a little in size, but not otherwise, 

Head ard face greyish-ochreous. Palpi slender, recurved, not 
long. Antennze brownish. 

Anterior wings purplish-grey, spotted and streaked with yellow- 
ish-ochreous, with the inner margin brownish, and with three oval 
brown spots edged with pale ochreous, in the middle of the wing, 
the first and third on the disc, the second on the fold; a dark 
brown line runs round the apex of the wing; cilia pale ochreous. 
Posterior wings brownish-grey, with paler cilia. 

Abdomen greyish-ochreous. 

Taken by Mr. Atkinson, near Calcutta, on the trunk of Nauclea 
Orientalis. 


13. Gracilaria? auricilla, n. sp. 
Alis anticis brunneis, dilute ochraceo-marmoratis, maculis dua- 
bus costze pone medium nigris, apice aureo, dorso squamis 
brunneis tridentato. 


Exp. al. 33 lin. 


A singular insect, combining the characters of Gracilaria and 
Chauliodus. By the form of the wings and antennz it would cer- 
tainly be a Gracilaria; the maxillary palpi are slightly developed, 
but the labial palpi seem scarcely pointed enough for Gracilaria ; 
the three distinct tufts of scales projecting from the inner margin 
of the anterior wings remind one excessively of Chauliodus; the 
markings of the anterior wings are peculiar, and the tawny golden 
apex is nearly the colour of that in Lithocolletis Messaniella. 

Head dark grey-brown, face more ochreous. Maxillary palpi 
pale ochreous; labial palpi dark brown, a pale spot at the base 
and tip of the terminal joint. Antenne much longer than the 
anterior wings, brown, with pale annulations, the apical third 
paler. 

Anterior wings brown, marbled with pale ochreous, and with 
three or four semi-distinct pale ochreous transverse lines; the 


Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 121 


costa spotted with dark brown, or black, two spots beyond the 
middle being very conspicuous; along the inner margin are three 
distinct tufts of brown scales; the entire tip of the wing of a 
tawny-golden colour, intersected by a slender angulated silvery 
fascia, and spotted along the costa with whitish-yellow and black- 
ish, and with a bluish-silvery hinder marginal line; cilia greyish- 
brown, with a few long black scales projecting at the apex. Pos- 
terior wings brown, with yellowish brown cilia. 

I have before me two specimens, collected by Mr. Atkinson, 
near Calcutta. 


16. Gracilaria? falcatella, n. sp. 
Alis anticis brunneis, basim versus saturatioribus, linea trans- 
versali dilute ochrea prope basim, macula dorsi media ni- 
gricante ochreo-circumcincta, linea ochrea ab angulo anale ad 


apicem ducta, margine postico nigricante. 
Exp. al. 4 lin. 


This rather obscure looking insect has much superficial re- 
semblance with Corisciuwm orientale, but differs essentially in the 
structure of the palpi. I am doubtful whether it be a true Gra- 
cilaria; the antennze of the only specimen I have before me are 
broken, but the faleate apex of the anterior wings is very dis- 
cordant from all known Gracilarie except G.? ustulatella, the 
precise position of which is also doubtful. In some respects it 
reminds one of Pyroderces argyrogrammos, but the palpi are too 
short. 

Head pale brown; face whitish ochreous. Palpi whitish, no 
trace of a tuft to the second joint, terminal joint with three black 
rings. Antenne dark brown, annulated with pale ochreous. 

paleratr wings brown, with a darker blotch at the base, bounded 
externally by a wavy transverse pale ochreous line; on the middle 
of the inner margin is an irregular brown-black blotch, edged 
with pale ochreous, and a curved pale ochreous line runs from 
the anal angle to the apex, beyond it the hind margin is dark 
brownish-black ; apical cilia brownish, intersected by two curved 
blue lines; cilia below the apex dark grey. Posterior wings dark 
grey, with dark grey cilia. 

I have before me only a single specimen, taken near Caleutta by 
Mr. Atkinson. . 


17. Gracilaria? ustulatella, n. sp. 
Alis anticis ochraceo-griseis, dorso fusco-punctato, fasciis ob- 


liquis duabus fuscis, ciliis apicis ustulato-violaceis. 
Exp. al. 23 lin. 


122 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of 


Not a true Gracilaria, the maxillary palpi being scarcely visible, 
and the hind margin of the anterior wings rather falcate; in 
general appearance it reminds one much of a dwarf Chauliodus 
Cherophyllellus, but there are no tufts of scales projecting on the 
inner margin, and the antenne are nearly twice the length of the 
anterior wings. 

Head greyish-ochreous ; face and palpi white; antenne brown- 
ish, spotted with yellow on the back, beneath entirely yellowish. 

Anterior wings greyish-ochreous, spotted with brownish along 
the inner margin, and with two oblique brownish fascize, one before 
the other beyond the middle; the cilia of the hind margin are shot 
with orange-brown and violet, appearing in some positions of the 
one colour, and in other positions of the other tint; cilia of the 
inner margin grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish- 
brown cilia. 

Hind legs and tarsi whitish, spotted with dark brown. 

I have before me a single specimen, taken near Calcutta by 
Mr. Atkinson. 


18. Ornix? albifrons, n. sp. 


Alis anticis fuscis, dorsum versus albis, strigulis tribus costae, 
tribus dorsi obliquis albis, apice ustulato, puncto nigricante. 
Exp. al. 33 lin. 


Probably this should form a new genus intermediate between 
Ornix and Lithocolletis; it differs from both in the face being 
rough. 

Head and face white; palpi white; antennze whitish-grey. 

Anterior wings pale brownish, with the inner margin white, 
and with three pair of oblique white streaks from each margin, 
meeting in the centre of the wing ; the first two pair are placed very 
obliquely, but the third pair is less so and is followed by a curved 
transverse silvery line; the apical portion of the wing is occupied 
by a tawny patch, in which is a darker central spot; cilia white, 
but intersected by a dark grey line going round the apex (as in 
Lithocolletis). Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia. 

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson, near 
Calcutta. 


19. Cosmopteryx Asiatica, n. sp. 


Alis anticis brunneis, fascia znea prope basim, fascia violacea 
atro-marginata in medio, maculis duabus suboppositis violaceis 


Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 123 


atro-marginatis pone medium, spatio inter has et fasciam in- 
terjecto aurantio, strigulaque apicis violacea. 

Exp. al. 34 lin. 

This belongs to the Drurella group, but is readily distinguished 
by the brown ground colour of the anterior wings, and the second 
violet fascia being divided into two opposite spots. 

Head brassy-brown; face whitish-green; palpi whitish-grey, 
with a broad dark ring below the tip of the terminal joint; an- 
tenne brown, annulated with yellowish, the rings towards the 
apex broad and strongly contrasted. 

Anterior wings brown; not far from the base is a bronzy fascia, 
which really consists of three bronzy longitudinal lines, that next 
the costa being the longest; in the middle of the wing is a straight 
violet fascia edged with black, beyond it is a broad orange patch, 
and then follow two violet spots edged with black, that on the 
costa being decidedly posterior to the dorsal spot; the apical 
portion of the wing is black, with a whitish-violet streak running 
into the extreme apex; cilia blackish. Posterior wings dark grey, 
with grey cilia. 

I have before me two specimens, collected by Mr. Atkinson, 
near Calcutta. 


20. Cosmopteryx ? semicoccinea, n. sp. 


Alis anticis basim versus coccineis viridi-griseo lineatis, postice 
luteis. 
Exp. al. 53 lin. 


A pretty species, but of rather uncertain location; neither the 
anterior nor the posterior wings are narrow enough for a true 
Cosmopteryx. 

Head greyish-ochreous ; face pale ochreous; palpi pale ochre- 
ous, terminal joint with a brown line externally and a brown ring 
below the apex ; antennz brown along the back, spotted with pale 
ochreous, beneath entirely pale ochreous. 

Anterior wings scarlet at the base, the apical half pale yellow- 
ish; the basal portion is streaked longitudinally with greenish- 
grey, one streak running along the costa, one along the inner 
margin, one along the fold, and two others go obliquely from the 
costa to the fold; the scarlet portion of the wing extends rather 
beyond the middle, and is bounded by a silvery-yellowish line; in 
the yellow portion of the wing are two small black spots on the 
costa; cilia ochreous-grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with 
greyish cilia. 


124 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of 


I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson, near 
Calcutta. 


21. Cosmopteryx? ceneella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis zeneis, basi, fasciaque ante medium dorsum versus 
dilatata, dilute luteis. 
Exp. al. 6 lin. 


This species only appears to differ from Cosmopteryx in the 
greater breadth of the anterior wings; it reminds one considerably 
of Stathmopoda pedella, but the resemblance is only superficial, as 
in the structure of the legs and antenne the insect appears to be 
a true Cosmopteryx. 

Head and face brassy brown; second joint of the palpi pale 
yellowish, terminal joint brownish ; antennz brownish. 

Anterior wings bronzy, greenish towards the base, posteriorly 
browner ; at the base itself is a narrow pale yellow fascia, and be- 
fore the middle is another broader yellow band, which is almost 
triangular, being much broader on the inner margin than on the 
costa; in the apex of the wing there is faint indication of a dark 
streak, with a pale streak below it; cilia brownish-grey. Postezior 
wings brown, with greyish-brown cilia. 

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson, near 
Calcutta. 


LozosToma, n. g. 


Head smooth; face concave, retreating, with a fillet on the top 
between the antenne; palpi short, drooping; antenne rather thick, 
but simple; the basal joint thickened. 

Anterior wings narrow and pointed behind; posterior wings 
lanceolate. 

A pretty genus, belonging to the family Elachistiede. I have 
before me single specimens of two species, Flavofasciata and 
Semisulphurea, collected by Mr. Atkinson, near Calcutta. 


22. Lozostoma flavofasciata, n. sp. 


Alis anticis saturate purpureis, fascia media late flava. 

Exp. al. 4 lin. 

Head greenish-brown, rather metallic; face white, the fillet 
greenish-white ; palpi white; antennze greyish-brown. 

Anterior wings dark purple, more greyish at the base, with a 
broad dark yellow fascia nearly in the middle, very nearly straight, 
but rather nearer the base on the inner margin than on the costa. 
Posterior wings coppery-brown, paler at the base. 


Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. - 125 


23. Lozostoma semisulphurea, n. sp. 


Alis anticis basim versus sulphureis, postice ochraceo-fuscis, 
linea transversa media nigricante. 


Exp. al. 5 lin. 


Head greyish-brown; face whitish, the fillet whitish; palpi 
white; antennz very pale greyish-brown. 

Anterior wings sulphur-coloured at the base, with a short brown 
streak along the costa at the base; nearly in the middle of the 
wing is a slender transverse blackish line, slightly oblique, and in 
it towards the costa are two or three bluish-white scales; the 
apical half of the wing is yellowish-grey-brown ; cilia paler. Pos- 
terior wings pale brownish, with paler cilia. 


ATKINSONIA, D. g. 


Head smooth, broad, flat; labial palpi long, slender, recurved, 
terminal joint rather longer than the second joint. Antenne stout, 
clothed on one side with long loose scales, nearly to the tip. 

Anterior wings broadest beyond the middle, the costa being at 
first slightly concave; posterior wings narrow and pointed. Ab- 
domen broad, depressed, with long scales at the side. Legs, espe- 
cially the hind pair, with long tufts of scales. 

A singular and beautiful genus, belonging to the family Ela- 
chistide. 


24. A. Clerodendronella, Atkinson, in litt. 


Alis anticis cupreo-rufis; alis posticis dilutioribus, griseo- 

ciliatis. 

Exp. al. 6—63 lin. 

Head and face purple. Second joint of the palpi reddish- 
orange, terminal joint purple. Antenne purple-black, densely 
clothed along one side with long purple-black scales. 

Anterior wings brilliant coppery-red, with the cilia greyish. 
Posterior wings reddish-orange, with grey cilia. 

Thorax coppery-red. Abdomen blue-black, with a slender 
whitish belt nearly in the middle. 

Legs black, spotted with white; the hind legs with the spines 
replaced by thick tufts of black scales; the tarsi also much 
thickened with black scales. 

‘‘ Larva dirty brown; head dark reddish-brown ; second segment 
black. It feeds in the tops of Clerodendron, drawing together the 
leaves with a white web.” 


126 Mr. H. T. Stainton on Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 


“ The perfect insects made their appearance on the 27th July, 
1856; the insect when at rest erects its beautifully plumed hind 
legs above its back, behind the head, and keeps constantly 
vibrating its incrassated antenne.” 

Collected near Calcutta, by Mr. Atkinson. 


25. Laverna? Mimose, n. sp. 


Alis anticis brunneis, dorso anguste albo; alis posticis pur- 
pureis. 
Exp. al. 6—8 lin. 


Though this insect has so much the appearance of Laverna 
atra, it must really be generically distinct ; the form of the palpi is 
quite unknown amongst the Elachistide, reminding one most 
‘strongly of the palpi of the male of Anarsia ; for the second joint 
is furnished with a dense projecting tuft of scales, and the terminal 
joint is not perceptible. 

Head, face and palpi entirely dark brown; antennz whitish. 

Anterior wings rich dark brown, with a narrow white edging 
along the inner margin from the base to the apex; the outline of 
this edging is rather wavy; on the hind margin are some yellow 
scales; cilia yellowish-brown, intersected by two or three faint 
darker-brown lines. Posterior wings purple, sometimes edged 
with whitish towards the apex; cilia greyish-purple. 

I have before me five specimens, bred by Mr. Atkinson from 
larve feeding in the seeds of Mimosa Arabica ; the perfect insects 
made their appearance in December, 1856. 


MIME) . 


VII. A Contribution to the History of Stylops, with an 
Enumeration of such Species of Exotic Hymenoptera 
as have been found to be attacked by those Parasites. 
By Freperick Smita, Esq. 


[Read Jan. 3rd, 1859.] 


Tue principal object of the short communication which I now 
offer to the Entomological Society, is to make known the genera 
and species of such exotic Hymenoptera as have been observed to 
be infested by Stylops, or species belonging to allied genera. 

I am not aware of any attempt having been recently made to 
collect materials for the purpose of ascertaining the geographical 
range of these interesting parasites ;* and having myself obtained 
additional material for that purpose, I have thought it might prove 
interesting to the Society if I laid it before them in a collected 
form. 

The first specimen on record of the genus Stylops was found 
by the Rev. William Kirby on Andrena nigro-enea, and it appears 
remarkable that, as that species is very plentiful in the London 
district, and stylopized Andrenide by no means rare, that I should 
never have observed a specimen of Andrena nigro-enea infested 
by the parasite. 

In the neighbourhood of London, according to my observation, 
the species of Andrena, most commonly attacked, is 4. Trimme- 
rana, the female most frequently, but the male also occasionally. 
I possess twelve stylopized individuals of this species, four of 
which are of the male sex. By diligently collecting the bees 
belonging to the genus Andrena, I should expect to obtain nine 
or ten infected bees in a season, but should consider it quite pro- 
bable that not one would produce a male Stylops—I should say, 
judging from my own experience in collecting in the neighbour- 


* Mr. Westwood, in his Introduction to the ‘‘ Modern Classification of Insects,” 
published in 1842, has, in his valuable History of the Strepsiptera, brought toge- 
ther all that had been observed up to that period, and has added a great amount 
of new and interesting information. 


128 Mr. F. Smith’s Contribution 


hood of London, that not more than one male Stzlops occurs to 
twenty females; supposing this to be the case, and that each 
female Stylops produced six thousand larve, which is within the 
calculation made by Mr. Newport in his ‘“ Natural History of the 
_ Strepsiptera,” we should have a total result of one hundred and 
fourteen thousand larvee of Stylops, and this from the nineteen in- 
dividuals which we captured alone; were it not that few of these 
ever attain their perfect condition, surely our only difficulty would 
be to find a bee not infested by a parasite. 

The explanation of this apparent difficulty will be perhaps best 
given to those who have not investigated the subject, if I relate 
my observations on a female of 4. Trimmerana, which was infested 
by a female Stylops. The Andrena had been kept six or eight 
days in a box covered with fine net, she had been well supplied 
with fresh flowers, and was very active and apparently healthy ; 
my notice was attracted by observing the bee running about ap- 
parently in a very excited state, burying herself beneath the leaves 
and flowers, then issuing forth and running round the sides of the 
box ; sometimes she would stop, bury her head in the petals of a 
Dandelion, and then commence brushing herself with her posterior 
legs, passing them quickly over the upper surface of the abdomen; 
these unusual movements on the part of the bee led me to examine 
her more closely. I then found that she was covered with hun- 
dreds of the larvae of Stylups, and her brushing and excitement 
was caused by efforts, on her part, to free herself from the annoy- 
ance which the host of larve evidently occasioned her. There 
can be little doubt of hundreds, nay, thousands of the larve being 
brushed off in situations, where, from want of sustenance, they of 
necessity perish; whilst others, falling into the petals of flowers, 
may attach themselves to bees which subsequently visit them to 
extract their sweets; whilst others, fixing themselves to insects of 
other orders, are removed from the chance of finding a situation 
in which proper sustenance would enable them to attain a state of 
maturity. 

Although Stylops is at present considered a rare insect, parti- 
cularly the male, I have no doubt it will be found in abundance 
when once the proper locality is discovered and diligently searched 
by a competent Entomologist. I have never had the good fortune 
to discover a colony of Andrena convexiuscula, a bee which ap- 
pears to be always infested, or I feel pretty certain I should have 
obtained Stylops in plenty. All the specimens which I possess of 
A. convexiuscula, those in the National Collection, and all which 


to the History of Stylops. 129 


I have seen in other cabinets, are invariably attacked. I therefore 
imagine the discovery of a colony of that species of Andrena is 
all that is requisite to supply Stylops in abundance. 

The following is a list of British Andrenide, which I have ob- 
served to be subject to the parasitic attacks of Stylops :— 

Halictus minutus, 2. 
nitidiusculus. @. 
longulus. 9. 
Andrena bicolor. 8, 9. 
Trimmerana. &, 9. 
nitida. 6, Q. 
varians, $. 
xanthura. &. 
Afzelella. &. 
Juscata. Q. 
chrysosceles. Q. 
convexiuscula. g, Q. 

It will be seen by this list that none of the species which are 
very pubescent, or have the segments thickly fringed with pu- 
bescence, have been observed to be infested, although such would 
appear to be the species most likely to collect the larvae when 
visiting those flowers which contain them. 

The only specimens of Andrenide which I have seen infested, not 
British or Continental, are a male and female Andrena from East 
Florida, closely allied to the European 4. chrysosceles ; the head 
and thorax of two female Stylops protrude from beneath the fourth 
segment of the abdomen of the female, and one from beneath the 
fifth segment of the other sex, a male Sty/ops having emerged from 
beneath the second segment. I have also seen a single specimen 
of an Andrena from East Florida infested by a single female 
Stylops, and three specimens of Andrena victima from Nova Scotia. 
Specimens of Polistes Gallica, infested by Xenas vesparum, are to 
be seen in most collections of Hymenoptera, and possess an addi- 
tional interest, from the fact of the celebrated Rossi having first 
discovered these remarkable insects infesting that genus of wasps. 


Fam. SPHEGIDZ. 


Species of the genus 4mmophila appear to be particularly sub- 
ject to the attacks of Stylopide. I have observed the following :— 


Ammophila holosericea, 3 , from Sicily. A male parasite having 
VOL. V. N.S. PART Ill-—sSEPT. 18059, K 


130 Mr. F. Smith’s Contribution 


escaped from beneath the second abdominal segment, a female still 
protruding from beneath the same; the third segment has the pupa 
case of an escaped male beneath it, and the fourth is distorted by 
the head and thorax of a female parasite. 


Ammophila ? g, from Tunis. The abdomen is greatly 
distorted by the pupa case of an escaped male parasite; judging 
from the size of the case, I should conclude the Stylops to be four 
times the size of S. Melitte. 


Ammophila ferrugineipes, 2, Gambia. The abdomen distorted 
by the pupa case of an escaped Stylops from beneath the third 
segment. 


Sphex petiolata, 8, Brazil. The head of a very large female 
Stylops beneath the fifth abdominal segment, 


Sphex flavipes, 2, Georgia. The fourth segment distorted by 
the pupa case of an escaped male Stylops. 


Pelopeus Chiliensis, 2. The pupa case of an escaped male 
beneath the fourth abdominal segment. 


Pelopeus laboriosus, 2, Aru Island. Two female Stylops be- 
neath the fourth segment of the abdomen. 


Pelopeus difformis, from Shanghai. Has a female Sty/ops pro- 
truding from beneath the third abdominal segment. 


Pelopeus , from Celebes, Attacked by a female Stylops. 


Belonogaster junceus, from Tripoli. Attacked by a female 
Stylops. 


VESPIDE. 


Eumenes petiolata, 2 , India. The abdomen of the third segment 
with a female Stylops beneath it, and the fourth distorted by the 
pupa case of an escaped male. 


Odynerus ? @, Brazil. The abdomen greatly distorted 
by a male Stylops protruding beneath the third segment. 


to the History of Stylops. 131 


Polybia sericea, ¢, Brazil. A female protruding beneath the 
fourth segment. 


Polistes Americanus, 2, N. America. The abdomen much dis- 
torted by a male Stylops having escaped from the pupa case, 
which projects from beneath the fourth segment. 


Polistes instabilis, 9, Brazil. The abdomen distorted by the 
pupa case of a male Stylops beneath the fourth segment, and the 
head of a female beneath the fifth segment. 


The foregoing enumeration of species, and the localities from 
whence they were derived, shows that Stylops and its affinities, 
or rather allies, have a wide geographical range. Some of the 
parasites must be insects of considerable size, as compared with 
the British species; judging from the size of the pupa cases, 
I should expect that the expansion of wing of the Stylops infest- 
ing Polistes instabilis could not be much less than eight lines, or 
two-thirds of an inch. 

I have not observed any insect from the Australian continent 
or New Zealand infested by Stylops. 


Mr. F. Smith’s Contribution 


132 


“eIUeUWUSe J, 


“ROL 
ynos 


‘eI]09G VAON | 
"BI]0DG PAON 


epuoly “Y 


"ROWIW 
UWON 


"OLY 


"eIsy 


xe eR Re RR KK HR OR 


* 


‘adoung | -ureyug 


* Aqiamog 
eeeeee QIIWG 
reese Ung 
reese) unig 
meres ung 
ree unig 
ree) Unig 
tre eees greg 
reese Ug 
reese mtg 
*** Suiayoig 
"* Suuayatg 
8 SuLlayaig 
"8 SuLayotg 
ecee- yaw 
Petes ugg 
"+ Sulsayog 
rere? Kqavy 

reese o1eq 
wereces aed 


eeeec qyiag 


ereee YI 
eevee YIIUAG 


“AMOYINY 


see erseene ee 


2 ae Selis=hmtiia7010 US 
2° A) G & § PUrppUUrS $e 
eae a 73/11 ee a 
nO Doc ‘pynawwd 2 
-s09.§ sagaososhayo ** 
ieee AT Ya (01/1 prea 
vecces 0 spunyiune! ot 
vere = 252 nmuna gf 
PE Se Si Oe paris ae! 
"S$ P smyayexfp 
*3 $P *wpnosmxaauoa ce 
sts § munuosuyjoy 
sortie els ° akMesnoiayni: aaa 
“S'P vuniumsy 
cr shs236 $= BYE Onan! 
somes FED ssrminay | +t 
*$ SP svaum-oustu 


fatoleeiel stelle & *sapigD) DUdApUp 
seteeees & eon” ie 
eee core 5 "SN)NGUO) Hs 


esee % “SNINISNIPL} VU oe 
tresses B ssngnurm snjouy Fy 


oS **1aZOY UBA sececeees syypojna vdsay4 
rae [izeag oe ae sed ae Ns seeeeees untug reeteeeeeess magmas mghjog 
*[izeig ee ee ee ee ee TROD OSS LNT LCS eeereeer eee Sapiqnysur _ 66 
. ee ee ee ee Benes re Oe UITIMS eoecereeee SNUDIIAIUL ce 
‘snyLne yl ee ee ee *+** yoqajduia 7, eee ees eso ree 7 4 
ee ee ee oe Me my oe to SOO SS, ae ee OT OSE « 
. * ee ee e#eee#e# 1ssoy ee gk ae OU costed 
% ee O.0 26 OIC ee ae: Sty quo). +28 *snaounl sajspsouojag 
+) eecaevrevae . 6é 
Q. *[Izeag ee eo ee oe ee lerane oye P28 UGTULG ° g 
3 FS > I++ uaphapy ued sreeeeseesss snjann snsauhpC 
H ‘eIpuy ee ee eeegovecs YWWG eoeeees § ‘pypjoyad sauauny 
= *Wa1dST A 
Se 
s ‘saqajag| °° 7+ snp Jag ‘qeg [°°°* § ‘suapnsjue a 
i ‘reysueys| °° eee RUIN OI Ge ule esa o “simLoffip ; 
IS] niy oe ee ee eee eos ywwg eeee *SNSOLLOGD) 6 
~~ ot F@) es i es 4 ee [80 to st Segre eo a ented ty) snodojag 
~ "CID1094) ee oe ee ee eseeceve yuuig eeee $ ssacianyf “c 
& *[Izeig ee ee ee oe ee eoeeereee yawg eevee Ae) ‘pypjonad 6e 
i aay ais ae as ae + eee uojaqduay [ttt caydg 
rouep Oly ) FS Ks 
"eIqUIvY ee ee oe eoeaeeee yatwg . & ‘sadiausnssaf 
*sIUN J, ee ee ee CS aS aa A (00.05) oe . es ¢ 
ee erceoeerees yMg ee "9914980704 “ce 
' *+ [es gnojng uoaTy |'**** & ‘wsopnqns pprydowump 
* sss uojadmay joo *t tt * 4 wnLoasnu snquog 
ee ee ee 6é 


i VIURUISE T a) + eed Ue oroiaie ess 62. BEA QHT ire ee! Fea} 


134 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the 


VIII. A Revision of the British Species of Corticaria. By 
G. R. Warernouse, Esq., F.Z.8., &e. 


[Read Jan. 3rd, 1859.] 


1. Corticaria pubescens. C. oblonga, convexa, longius pubescens, 
antennis pedibusque flavescentibus ; thorace cordato, supra 
densius punctato, postice foveolato, lateribus denticulato ; 
elytris amplis, crebre seriatim punctatis. 

Long. 14 lin. 


Latridius pubescens (Illiger), Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 123, 1. 


Corticaria ————, Steph. Illustr. iii. 106, 1; Manual, 129, 
1047, and Collection. 
—_———- ———,, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 17, 1. 


——-— punctulata, Marsh., Ent. Brit. 109, 8.* 
, Kirby’s Collection. 


The largest of the British species, and further distinguished by 
its smallish short cordiform thorax, and ample elytra with closely 
packed rows of punctures. The anterior tibize are quite straight 
and simple in both sexes, and there is no difference in the anterior 
tarsi indicative of sexual distinction—or at least it is very indis- 
tinct—for in some specimens I fancy I have noticed the basal joint 
is rather larger than in others. The antenne have the joints more 
elongated than in the species next to be noticed. Its colouring 
varies considerably: most commonly the head and thorax are 
fusco-ferrugineous, the elytra piceous, becoming paler in the 
region of the shoulders. Sometimes the whole insect is piceous 


* It is not my intention here to enter into the question of priority of names, 
&c.; I have retained throughout this paper the names most commonly used, other- 
wise I should have been inclined to apply Marsham’s name to the present species. 
The oldest name given among the synonymes of this species is “ fenestralis,” of 
Fabricius, but there does not appear to be any good evidence that it really belongs 
to our insect; then next in date comes the name ‘ longicornis” of Herbst, but 
as Herbst has given the same name to another species—a name universally 
adopted for that species—we would pass that over, and come to the next oldest 
name, and that is ‘‘ punctulata” of Marsham. ‘There can be no reasonable doubt 
about Marsham’s species, which was published in 1802; whilst the name ‘ pu- 
bescens’’ was published first by Gyllenhal in 1827, 


British Species of Corticaria. 135 


(excepting the legs and antennz), sometimes testaceous. The 
pubescence is of a dirty white hue. 
Moderately common. 


2. Corticaria crenulata. C. oblonga, convexa, longius pubescens, 
nigro-picea, antennis pedibusque flavescentibus; thorace 
subrotundato, coleopteris angustiore, lateribus denticulato, 
supra convexo, punctato, postice fovea impresso; elytris 
oblongo-ovatis, crebre seriatim punctatis, 

Long. 1 lin. 


Mas. femoribus incrassatis; tibiis anticis, intermediisque ad 
apicem intus sub-productis, extus oblique truncatis ; tarsi 
antici articulo primo dilatato. 

Latridius crenulatus (Schiippel), Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 125, 2. 

Corticaria crenulaia, Steph. Illustr. iii. 106, 2; Manual, 129, 

1048. 
——, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 22, 6. 


I possess specimens of this insect showing different shades of 
colouring from testaceous to brown, pitchy brown, and black (in 
the last the humerus is usually paler); but in the most common 
condition, the head and thorax are black, or nearly so, and the 
elytra rufous-brown, with the dise dusky. 

Not uncommon in the neighbourhood of London, but most 
plentiful, according to my experience, near the sea, under decaying 
vegetable matter. Common at Southend. 

Stephens has evidently taken his description of the present 
species (and indeed all other species of Corticaria, excepting C. 
pallida) from Gyllenhal, but in the diagnosis he has left out one 
word referring to the sculpturing of the elytra, and by so doing 
has omitted the very pith and marrow of the description. In the 
original the elytra are described as ‘‘ confertim punctato-striata,” 
and in the “ Illustrations” the word “ conferlim” is left out. This 
is unfortunate, since it so happens that C. crenulata, C. pubescens 
(where the same omission has also been made) and C. serrata are 
three species which, though differing- much in other respects, are 
pre-eminently distinguished by this peculiarity in the sculpturing, 
that instead of having about eight ordinary punctate stria, they 
have about double that number of closely-packed rows of punc- 
tures, and the ordinary strize are not distinguishable. In speaking 
of C. serrata these remarks should be slightly modified, for here 
the punctuation of the true strie becomes rather more evident. 
In other British species the punctures of the interstices of the 


136 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the 


striz are remote and usually so minute that it becomes doubtful 
whether by noticing them one does not give them a prominence 
which is scarcely desirable. Gyllenhal, in describing some of 
these (C. denticulata, for instance), states that the interstices are 
impunctate, although, strictly speaking, such is not the case. 

Under the name C. crenulata, stand in the Stephensian cabinet 
three insects; the first is C. denticulata ; the second, C. pubescens, 
and the third, C. crenulata. 


8. Corticaria denticulata. CC. oblonga, convexa, brevius pu- 
bescens, nigro-picea, antennis pedibusque flavescentibus ; 
thorace sub-rotundato, coleopteris angustiore, supra con- 
vexo, punctato, fovea postice impresso, lateribus sub- 
denticulato; elytris oblongo-ovatis, plerumque fuscis, 
punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexiusculis, punctis minu- 
tissimis seriatim dispositis. 

Long. 1 lin. : 

Mas. femoribus incrassatis; tibiis anticis, intermediisque ad 
apicem intus angulatim productis, extus oblique truncatis ; 
tarsi antici articulo primo dilatato. 

Latridius denticulatus (Schiippel), Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 126, 3. 

Corticaria denticulata, Steph. Illustr. iii. 107, 3; Manual, 129, 

' 1049 (not of Collection). 

———  -—_— ——., Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 23, 7. 


This species has many characters in common with the pre- 
ceding. In size and form there is scarcely any difference; in 
both, the thorax is about one-third narrower than the elytra at the 
broadest part; has the sides boldly rounded, and with the broadest 
part rather in front of the middle; but in C. denticulata the thorax 
is rather more attenuated behind than in C.*%renulata, and the 
crenulations are less distinct. In the form of the head, and in the 
structure of the antennz, there is no palpable difference. In the 
form of the elytra C. denticulata differs, in having the shoulders 
more gently rounded and the apex more obtusely rounded, but it 
is in the sculpture of these organs that a good distinction is per- 
ceptible. Here the elytra have about eight regular punctate 
strize ; the interstices are rather convex, and nearly impunctate. 

In colouring, C. denticulata varies considerably, but in the most 
usual condition the head and thorax are black, and the elytra 
brown, with the region of the suture and the outer margin more 
or less dusky. 

Stephens has transferred to the pages of the “ Illustrations” 


British Species of Corticaria. 137 


Gyllerhal’s description of the present species, but he appears to 
have mistaken the C. crenulata for it, C. denticulata being repre- 
sented in his Cabinet by two specimens of that insect. 

Upon two or three occasions has the insect here described been 
sent from Germany as the C. dongicornis, but C. longicornis is said 
to be a black insect, and the present species is very rarely black ; 
and furthermore it would appear by the descriptions that C, 
longicornis is rather larger and has a longer thorax. It is always 
compared with C. pubescens, but is said to differ in having the 
interstices of the strize impunctate. Such being the case, a com- 
parison of the characters of C. longicornis with those of the C, 
denticulata is much to be desired. 

I may here mention that, although C. longicornis is described in 
Stephens’ works (the description being from Gyllenhal), other 
insects seem to have been mistaken for it, C. longicornis being re- 
presented in Stephens’ Collection by one specimen of C. pubescens, 
and one of C. denticulata. 


4, Corticaria fulva. C. elongata, convexiuscula, testacea, longius 
pilosa; oculis minus prominulis, nigris; thorace cordato, 
punctato, fovea rotundata postice impresso; elytris elon- 
gato-ovatis, striato-punctatis, interstitiis remote punctu- 
latis. 

Long. 3—1 lin. 


Corticaria fulva, Chevrier, Villa Catal, 1835, p. 45. 
——— Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 42, 32. 


The largest specimens of this insect are equal to C. crenulata in 
length, but the form is narrower; the thorax relatively smaller, 
and of a different form; the elytra have the shoulders more gently 
rounded, and the apex less acuminate. It is entirely testaceous 
(excepting the eyes, which are black) and clothed with rather long, 
whitish hairs. Head nearly one-third narrower than the thorax ; 
the eyes smaller and less prominent than in most other species ; 
forehead convex and somewhat remotely punctured ; antennz not 
differing perceptibly in structure from those of C. crenulata. 
Thorax but little broader than long; truncated in front, very 
gently rounded behind ; the broadest part rather in front of the 
middle, where the sides are rounded, and from the middle to the 
hinder part the sides converge, so that at the hinder angles the 
width is reduced to about the same as it is at the insertion of the 
head; upper surface but moderately convex, and presenting a 
rather large, shallow fovea behind, and pretty thickly punctured ; 


138 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the 


the crenulations at the sides distinct. Elytra elongate-ovate ; 
about one-fourth broader than the thorax, the shoulders gently 
rounded, the broadest part near the middle, the apex rounded : 
owing to the long hairs which cover the elytra, and the want of 
distinct strize, the sculpturing of the elytra has a somewhat con- 
fused appearance, but careful examination shows that it consists 
of about eight rows of punctures, which, though moderately large, 
are by no means strong, and in parts they are somewhat irregular ; 
in each of the interstices is a row of very minute punctures, which, 
for the most part, are remote from each other; on the basal part 
of the elytra minute transverse rugule are observable. The legs 
are moderate (the femora not incrassated in the males, such as we 
find them in C. crenulata); the anterior tibie are very gently 
bisinuate within and truncated at the apex externally in some 
specimens, which I take to be the males. 

One specimen of this insect stands in Mr. Stephens’ collection 
to represent the C. elongata of the “Illustrations,” but it does not 
agree with the description there given, that description being taken 
from Gyllenhal, and referring to the C. elongata of that author. 
I have met with the present species upon several occasions, but 
unfortunately omitted to note down the localities, excepting of 
some few specimens which were taken recently by my sons in 
some hay left on the ground, in the precincts of the British Mu- 
seum, where some horses had been fed. 


5. Corticaria serrata. C. oblonga, convexa, fusco-ferruginea, 
breviter pubescens; thorace subrotundato, lateribus fortius 
denticulato, supra convexo crebre, sub-rugose punctato, 
fovea sat magna postice impresso; elytris oblongo-ovatis, 
plerumque piceis, crebre striato-punctatis, basi transversim 
rugulosis. 

Long. # lin. 

Dermestes serratus, Paykul, Faun. Suec. i. 300, 31. 

Latridius ———, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 126, 4. 

Corticaria serrata, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 28, 14. 


Head but little narrower than the thorax; the eyes large and 
prominent; forehead moderately convex, punctured; antennz 
scarcely equal to the head and thorax in length. Thorax rather 
broader than long, the sides rounded, and in such a manner that 
the broadest part of the thorax is rather in front of the middle ; 
the denticulations (about eight in number) more acute and promi- 
nent than usual; the anterior angles rounded ; the posterior armed 


British Species of Corticaria. 139 


with one of the stronger lateral teeth; the posterior margin pro- 
duced and rounded in the middle; the upper surface convex, 
thickly and sub-rugosely punctured, and with a large fovea behind. 
Elytra oblong ovate; at the shoulders (which are rounded) but 
little broader than the thorax at the broadest part; above convex, 
and with rows of punctures packed closely side by side, but 
among these the rows belonging to the ordinary eight striz are 
distinguishable, the punctures being a little larger and more closely 
packed in the longitudinal direction than those of the interstices ; 
on the basal part of the elytra the interstices are transversely 
rugulose. The rather short antenna, as well as the legs, are rufo- 
testaceous, 

Like most other species, this varies in colouring, being not un- 
frequently uniform dull rufous, but in full-coloured specimens the 
elytra are more or less pitchy, darker than the head and thorax. 
The small size, combined with the sculpturing of the elytra, and 
the strongly serrated sides of the thorax, will serve to distinguish 
this species. C. crenulata, which approaches it most nearly in the’ 
sculpturing of the elytra (see observations attached to that species) 
besides being about double the bulk, differs in having the thorax 
more ample, more regularly rounded, less strongly crenulate at the 
sides, the head proportionately smaller, the antennz longer, and, 
in the male sex, has the thighs much incrassated, which is not the 
case in the present species. 

I have found one specimen of this species in the nest of For- 
mica rufa at Weybridge, but several other specimens, which I have 
taken at different times, were certainly not in ant’s nests. 


6. Corticaria cylindrica. C. sub-cylindrica, testacea, brevius 
pubescens; thorace sub-rotundato, antice truncato, late- 
ribus crenato, supra punctato, postice foveolato ; elytris 
elongatis, fortius punctato-striatis, interstitils punctis sparsis 
adspersis, basi transversim rugulosis, marginibus plerumque 
infuscatis. 

Long. 2—1 lin. 

Corticaria cylindrica, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 35, 23. 

borealis, Wollaston, Append. to Zoologist, cevi. 
(1855). 

Among the British species this is‘certainly most near to the C. 
serrata, but it is readily distinguished by its larger size, clear tes- 
taceous colour, and by the almost impunctate interstices to the 
strie of the elytra. The head is rather large, and the eyes, which 


140 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the 


are black, are large and very prominent; the forehead convex and 
distinctly punctured ; antenne about equal to the head and thorax 
inlength. Thorax a little broader than long, and but little broader 
than the head; the sides boldly rounded; the widest part rather 
in front of the middle ; the crenulations distinct; upper surface dis- 
tinctly, but not very thickly, punctured; the fovea behind small, 
and shallow. Elytra at the base scarcely as wide as the thorax 
at the broadest part, but becoming gradually wider to about the 
posterior third, where they are distinctly wider than the thorax; 
the apex rounded; the punctures of the stri# are rather strong 
and in parts somewhat irregular ; the interstices with a few scat- 
tered punctures. Three out of four specimens in my Collection 
have the suture and outer margins of the elytra dusky ; the fourth 
is entirely testaceous. 

One of my specimens was found by me at Brockenhurst, in the 
New Forest, in September, 1856. I have no note of the localities 
of the others. Mr. Wollaston found his specimens on the coast of 
Durham. 


7. Corticaria elongata. CC. sub-linearis, depressa, testacea, 
pubescens; thorace transverso, elytrorum fere latitudine, 
supra puctulato, postice fovea transversa impresso ; elytris 
punctato-striatis, interstitiis vix punctulatis. 

oi 
Long. 3—2 lin. 


Latridius elongatus (Schiippel), Gyilenhal, Ins. Suec. iv. 130, 8. 
Corticaria ferruginea, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 111, 15? 
—___- ————__,, of Kirby’s Collection. 
— ————., of Stephens’ Collection. 
—_——— elongata, Stephens, Illustr. ii. 108, 7; Manual, 130, 
1053. 
———— ———,, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 44, 35. 


This species is readily distinguished by its linear, depressed 
form, and uniform pale colouring. Head narrower than the 
thorax; forehead rather convex and punctulated ; eyes prominent, 
and black ; antennz about equal to the head and thorax in length. 
Thorax distinctly broader than long, and nearly equal to the 
elytra in width; truncated in front; the sides nearly straight and 
parallel, and obscurely crenulated behind; the anterior angles 
rounded, the posterior angles, right-angles; the hinder margin 
produced and rounded in the middle. Elytra moderately elongate, 
but little convex; the sides nearly parallel, the apex rounded; 
punctate-striate, the interstices each with a row of small pale hairs, 


British Species of Corticaria. 141 


and a series of exceedingly minute and indistinct punctures. The 
anterior and middle tibize are slightly bent inward at the apex 
in the males, and the basal joint of the anterior tarsus is. slightly 
enlarged. 

Very common, and widely distributed. 

Gyllenhal applies Marsham’s name “ ferruginea” to the species 
next to be described, stating that he has Kirby’s authority for so 
doing; this is remarkable, since the C. ferruginea of Gyll. (a very 
uncommon insect with us) does not exist in Kirby’s Collection, 
where the present species stands to represent the €. ferruginea of 
Marsham, as it does likewise in Stephens’ Collection. There is 
no Marshamian specimen of either this or the next’ species in 
Stephens’ Cabinet, and Marsham’s description unfortunately does 
not serve to determine the insect, inasmuch as he uses the term 
“ ferruginea” to denote its colouring; the present species being 
testaceous, and the next being castaneous. On the whole, how- 
ever, I think it more probable that Marsham’s description was 
intended for the common species; yet, since there may be a 
doubt, I think it better to adopt the names now universally used 
for the two insects. 


8. Corticaria ferruginea. C. sub-linearis, depressa, castanea, 
capite nigricante; thorace sub-quadrato, postice foveolato ; 
elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis, interstitiis subtilissime 
seriatim punctatis. 

Long. 3—2 lin. 

Latridius ferrugineus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 131, 9. 

Corticaria ferruginea, Steph. Llustr. iii. 108, 6; Manual, 130, 

1052. 

——_—_— —————., Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 45, 36. 

linearis, of Stephens’ Collection. 


Searcely longer, but decidedly broader than the preceding 
species, and further distinguished by its chestnut-brown hue and 
more delicate puncturing. Head pitechy black, rather narrower 
than the thorax; forehead convex, punctured; antennz about 
equal to the head and thorax in length. Thorax subquadrate, 
rather broader than long; truncated in front; slightly contracted 
behind, the sides very gently rounded, obscurely denticulate an- 
teriorly, and with about three stronger teeth behind, the last of 
which forms the posterior angle of the thorax ; the hinder margin 
rounded; upper surface convex, rather thickly and finely punc- 
tured, and with a small fovea behind. Elytra about three times 


142 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the 


the length of the thorax, but very little exceeding that segment in 
width; the sides nearly parallel; the apex rounded; the upper 
surface but little convex and very finely punctate-striate, with a 
row of excessively minute punctures between the strize, from 
which spring minute hairs, which are scarcely visible, however, 
excepting under the microscope. Presents the same peculiarities 
of the tibiae and anterior tarsi as in the preceding species. 

Two specimens of this species stand in Stephens’ Cabinet to 
represent the C. linearis of the “ Illustrations,” but the description 
there given is taken from Gyllenhal, and belongs to another insect, 
which is unknown to me as British. In Mr. Wollaston’s Collection 
there are also specimens of this insect. I possess one or two old 
specimens, taken by myself many years back, but am unaware of 
the locality ; others I have taken more recently in the corridors of 
the Crystal Palace upon two or three different occasions. It is 
rare, or very local. 


9. Corticaria gibbosa. C. brevis, convexa, fusca; thorace an- 
gusto, fovea transversa, arcuata, impresso; elytris amplis, 
convexis, punctato-striatis, intersticiis punctis minutissimis, 
pilisque paliidis seriatim dispositis ; antennarum basi, pedi- 
busque testaceis. 

Long. 2 lin. 

Mas. tibiis anticis intus ante apicem angulatim productis. 

Dermestes gibbosus, Payk. Faun. Suec. i. 301, 32. 

Corticaria impressa, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 100, 11; Steph. Col- 

lection. 

——— pallida, Marsh. 1]. c. 112, 22; Steph. Illustr. i. 109, 

10; Manual, 130, 1056, and Collection. 

Latridius gibbosus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 132, 10. 

Corticaria gibbosa, Steph. Ill. 11. 109, 8; Manual, 130, 1054. 

— similata, Steph. Collection (not of description). 
— gibbosa, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 49, 40. 
— sulcicollis, of Kirby's Collection. 

The smallest, and one of the commonest of the British species, 
and readily distinguished by its short form, combined with a narrow 
thorax, having a curved fovea towards the hinder part and extend- 
ing almost to the lateral margin. The head is nearly as broad as the 
thorax, and has very prominent eyes. ‘Thorax small in proportion 
to the elytra, about equal in length and breadth, the sides gently 
rounded, the broadest part rather in front of the middle, thence 
rather suddenly contracted towards the front, and more gradu- 


British Species of Corticaria. 143 


ally contracted behind; the posterior angles obtuse; the hinder 
margin rounded. Elytra at the broadest part more than twice 
the breadth of the thorax, of a shortish ovate form, with the 
humeral angles rather prominent and rounded. 

This insect stands in Stephens’ Cabinet under the names “ zm- 
pressa,” pallida (immature specimens) and similata ; the last being 
regarded as the similata of Gyllenhal, has given rise, it would 
appear, to the introduction of that author’s description into the 
* Tllustrations.” I have not met with any Corticaria which I 
could identify with Gyllenhal’s description of Latridius similatus. 
Both in Stephens’ and Kirby’s Collections immature specimens of 
this insect are referred to the Corticaria pallida of Marsham. 


10. Corticaria Wollastoni. C. oblongo-ovata, convexa, picea, 
antennis pedibusque testaceis; thorace angusto, subqua- 
drato, lateribus ante medium paulo rotundato-ampliatis, 
angulis posticis rectis, supra crebrius punctato, postice 
transversim impresso ; elytris fuscis, oblongo-ovatis, hume- 
ris prominulis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexiusculis, 
seriatim pilosis. 

Long 2—# lin. 

This species bears considerable resemblance to the C. gibbosa, 
but is much larger, and proportionately more elongate ; the pos- 
terior angles of the thorax form right angles, the interstices of the 
strie of the elytra are impunctate or very nearly so. 

Head with the upper surface convex, rather distinctly but not 
very thickly punctured, the eyes prominent, giving to the head a 
width which is but little less than that of the thorax ; antennze 
testaceous, the club only somewhat tinted with fuscous, the joints 
rather more elongate than in C. gibbosa. Thorax but little 
broader than long, convex, the sides rounded on the fore part, 
but straight near the posterior angle, the broadest part rather in 
front of the middle, the fore part truncate, the hinder margin 
produced and rounded in the middle, the surface rather thickly 
punctured, and with a transverse depression behind, which is in- 
terrupted in the middle; elytra ample, oblong-ovate, with the 
humeral angle a little prominent, at the broadest part twice as 
broad as the thorax ; paler than the head and thorax, but with the 
suture and outer margin more or less dusky ; convex, and by no 
means strongly punctate-striate, the interstices at the base slightly 
convex, and, with a very strong lens, show a few scattered, and 


144 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the 


extremely minute punctures, arranged in a line, in which same 
line is a series of minute pale hairs. 

In the structure of the legs I can perceive no sexual distinc- 
tion, such as exists in C. gibbosa, but it must be remarked that I 
have examined but six specimens of the supposed new species ; 
these were found by Mr. Wollaston, at Mablethorpe. 

The British Museum has received this insect from the Conti- 
nent, under the name of C. distinguenda of Comolli, but according 
to the description of that insect, its thorax must be shorter, 2. e. 
half as broad again as long. The C. similata must somewhat 
resemble the present species, but differs, according to the de- 
scriptions, in having the interstices of the striz of the elytra 
rugulose. I can find no description of a Cortecaria which is like 
C. gibbosa in most of its characters, but which differs in the same 
manner as the present insect. 


11. Corticaria fuscula. C. breviter ovata, fusco-picea, thorace 
transverso, angulis posticis denticulo minuto armatis, supra 
crebre punctato, fovea sub-rotundata impresso; elytris 
fuscis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexiusculis, seriatim 
pilosis ; antennaraum basi, pedibusque testaceis. 

Long. $—#? lin. 

Latridius fusculus (Megerle), Gyllenhal, Ins. Suec. iv. 133, 12. 

Corticaria impressa, of Kirby’s Collection. 

Very like C. gibbosa, but readily distinguished by the form of 
the thorax, which is broad (about one-third broader than the 
head), transverse, has the sides boldly rounded, the widest part a 
little in front of the middle, the posterior angle armed with a minute 
tooth and thus rendered acute and prominent; this tooth, however, 
is not readily seen, excepting the thorax be separated from the 
body ; instead of the curved groove, which in C. gibbosa extends 
nearly from side to side of the thorax, C. fuscula has only a fovea 
behind, and this is commonly transverse. The elytra scarcely 
differ from those of C. gibbosa—the striz are perhaps usually 
rather stronger, and the intersticial punctures less so. In the 
most common condition the head and thorax are pitchy, or pitchy- 
brown, and the elytra brown, with the suture rather dusky ; but, 
not unfrequently, the whole insect is brown; and, about the be- 
ginning of September this year, I found many specimens at South- 
end, which were entirely testaceous—no doubt from immaturity. 
In both the above-mentioned species minute transverse rugule 


British Species of Corticaria, 145 


are seen on the basal part of the elytra, when viewed in a favour- 
able light and position. The male of C. fuscula has a minute 
denticle near the apex of the anterior tibia on the inner side. 
This species is as common as the preceding. It is remarkable 
that this very common insect is not described by Stephens; it 
stands in his Cabinet under the name ‘ Sulcicollis,” and the de- 
scription given in the “Illustrations,” p. 109, sp. 9, which is taken 
from Gyllenhal’s account of Latridius transversalis (see Gyll. iv. 
133, 11), was evidently supposed to belong to this species; it, 
however, belongs to an insect of which I have seen no British 
example. In Stephens’ ‘‘ Systematic Catalogue,” C. sulcicollis of 
Kirby’s MSS. is given as = L. transversalis of Gyllenhal, but ac- 
cording to Kirby’s Collection the insect is = C. gibbosus of Gyll., C. 
ampressa of Kirby’s Collection being = LZ. fusculus of Gyllenhal. 
I cannot think that Kirby is correct in referring this to the C. im- 
pressa of Marsham. 


VOL, V. N.S. PART IV.—-NOV. 1859, L 


146 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


IX. Descriptions of New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 
By J. 8. Baty, Esq. 


[Read June 6th, 1859.] 


Family CRIOCERID. 
Genus Lema, Fabr. 


Lema De Gandei. 
Oblonga, convexa, nigra, nitida, abdomine rufo-piceo; elytris 
sts sid, ’ 5) WY 
punctato-sulcatis, sulcis interruptis, profunde impressis ; 
ceruleo-viridibus, margine flavo. 
Long. 33—4 lin. 


Oblong, shining black; abdomen rufo-piceous; elytra bluish- 
green, their outer margin pale yellow. Head constricted behind 
the eyes; antennz sub-filiform, two-thirds the length of the body, 
their second and third joints equal. Thorax subquadrate, 
scarcely broader than long; sides deeply constricted at their 
middle; above sub-cylindrical, impressed at the middle with a 
deep transverse groove, which is parallel with and terminates on 
either side in the lateral constriction ; basal half of disc impressed 
by a deep longitudinal groove; surface smooth and shining, finely 
and remotely punctured. Scutellum triangular, shining black. 
Elytra much broader than the thorax, more than four times its 
length; above convex, each elytron covered with ten rows of 
deeply sulcate, punctured striz; striz much interrupted, inter- 
spaces elevated, smooth and shining; the outer stria entire; bright 
metallic bluish-green, the outer border broadly margined with 
pale yellow. Beneath shining black, abdomen rufo-piceous; legs 
slender. 


Hab. Ecuador. 


Lema variolosa. 

Oblongo-elongata, rufo-fulva, nitida, antennis, thoracis vitta 
centrali, postice abbreviataé, scutello elytrisque nigris, his 
valde et irregulariter punctatis; punctis (preesertim ad latera) 
donduentibiie; interstitiis valde Elenalsi; genubus, tibiis 
tarsisque piceis. 

Long. 3 lin. 


New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 147 


Oblong-elongate, convex above, shining rufo-fulvous ; antennze, 
a vitta on the thorax, the scutellum and the elytra black; knees, 
tibiae and tarsi piceous. Head constricted behind the eyes; front 
with an oblique groove on either side; face transversely grooved 
just above the insertion of the antenne; the latter slender, filiform, 
nearly equal in length to the body, their third joint obovate, 
nearly twice the length of the second. Thorax sub-quadrate ; 
sides deeply constricted just behind their middle; above sub- 
cylindrical, deeply impressed in front of the base by a transverse 
groove, either end of which terminates in the lateral constriction ; 
surface smooth and shining, impunctate, bright rufo-fulvous, a 
broad vitta down the centre, which gradually increases in width 
behind, and is abbreviated at the transverse groove, black. 
Scutellum shining black, its apex truncate. Elytra much broader 
than the thorax, oblong, convex, indistinctly depressed trans~ 
versely below the base; shining black, whole surface irregularly 
covered with large deep variolose punctures, more crowded and 
confluent towards the sides; interspaces smooth and _ shining, 
much thickened and elevated, and forming towards the sides 
irregular reticulations. Beneath shining rufo-fulvous, abdomen 
covered with very short adpressed fulvous pubescence; the apex 
of jaws, the knees, tibize (their inner surface excepted) and tarsi 
pitchy black. 

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo, collected by Mr. Wallace. 


Lema Erycina. 

Oblongo-elongata, nitido-rufo-fulva, pedibus elytrisque nigris, 

his apice rufo-fulvis; antennis extrorsum pallide fuscis. 

Long. 4—43 lin. 

Oblong-elongate, shining rufo-fulvous; legs and elytra shining 
black; the apex of these latter rufo-fulvous. Head smooth, 
deeply constricted on either side behind the eyes, front impressed 
with a deep fovea; antennae moderately robust, filiform, scarcely 
longer than half the body. Thorax as broad as long, sub-cylin- 
drical, sides deeply constricted at their middle; above smooth and 
shining, impressed behind the middle with a shallow transverse 
groove, in the centre of which is a single fovea; a broad longi- 
tudinal line down the centre of the dise and a space on either side 
in front finely and sub-remotely punctured. Elytra oblong, 
transversely depressed below their base, the scutellary space 
slightly elevated; surface shining black, the apex rufo-fulvous ; 
each elytron with ten rows of fine but distinct punctures; stricz 

L2 


148 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


somewhat confused at their extreme apex, the outer stria deeply 
suleate. Beneath rufo-fulvous, legs shining black; posterior 
thighs much shorter than the abdomen. 


Hab. Old Calabar. 


Lema cognata. 

Oblonga, convexa, fulva, nitida; capite, scutello, pedibus, pro- 

thoracis basi infra, metathoraceque nigris. 

Long. 22 lin. 

Oblong, convex, shining fulvous; head, scutellum, legs, base of 
prothorax beneath, and the metathorax, shining black. Head 
shining, front impressed with a short longitudinal groove; an- 
tennz moderately robust, sub-filiform, half the length of the body. 
Thorax rather broader than long, sub-cylindrical, sides deeply 
constricted behind the middle; above smooth and shining, deeply 
impressed behind the middle with a transverse groove, which 
terminates on either side in the lateral constriction. Scutellum 
shining black. Elytra much broader than the thorax, sub-quad- 
rate-ovate, very convex, each elytron with ten rows of fine 
fuscous punctured striae, sub-sulcate towards the apex, outer stria 
sulecate for its whole length; interstices slightly convex towards 
their apex, outer margin of elytron slightly thickened. Beneath 
shining fulvous, legs, base of pro- together with the whole of the 
metathorax shining black; hinder thighs slightly thickened. 

Hab. Venezuela. 

My own collection. 

Nearly allied to Lema rufa. 


Lema Fortunei. 


Elongata, convexa, rufa, nitida; tibiis, tarsis antennisque (harum 
articulo basali excepto) nigris; elytris tenuiter punctato- 
Striatis, cyaneis. 

Long. 33 lin. 

Elongate, convex, shining rufous; antenne (the basal joint 
excepted), tibia and tarsi black; elytra shining metallic blue. 
Head much constricted behind the eyes, front with a deep oblique 
groove on either side; space between impressed with an oblong 
fovea; antenne filiform, moderately robust, rather more than 
half the length of the body, black, opaque, covered with adpressed 
hairs, basal joint rufous, glabrous, third joint obconic, nearly 
twice the length of the second. Thorax sub-cylindrical, scarcely 
longer than broad, rather wider behind, sides deeply constricted 


New Species of Phytophagous Insects, 149 


at their middle; above smooth and shining, impunctate, with the 
exception of a few fine impressions, which are placed in two or 
three somewhat irregular rows down the centre of the disc; just 
in front of the basal margin is a single distinct fovea. Scutellum 
transverse-quadrate, obscure rufous. Elytra oblong - elongate, 
convex, distinctly impressed transversely below their base; each 
elytron with ten regular rows of fine punctures, which become still 
finer towards their apex, the outer row sulcate. Beneath rufous, 
sparingly covered with very short pubescence ; middle of abdomen 
stained with piceous; tibize and tarsi, the extreme apex of the 
latter excepted, black ; posterior pair of thighs much shorter than 
the abdomen. 
Hab. Northern China. Collected by Mr. Fortune. 


Lema oculata. 


Elongata, convexa, pallide fulva, nitida; capite (basi extrema 
excepta), antennarum articulis intermediis, pectore elytro- 
rumque linea brevi annuloque apicali, nigris; tibiis tarsisque 
nigro-piceis. 

Long. 4 lin. 

Elongate, convex, pale shining fulvous; head, intermediate joints 
of antennez, the breast, a short line near the middle of the outer 
margin, and an annulus at the apex of each elytron, black ; tibize 
and tarsi piceous. Head constricted behind the eyes, front ob- 
liquely grooved on either side; face sub-elongate; shining black, 
base of neck fulvous; antenne slender, filiform, nearly equal in 
length to the body, second and third joints, together with the 
first and fourth beneath, shining fulvous, fifth and three following 
black, three apical joints yellowish-white. Thorax sub-cylindrical, 
rather longer than broad; sides deeply constricted at their middle, 
above smooth and shining, impressed here and there on the sides 
with a few fine punctures; behind the middle is a shallow trans- 
verse groove, terminating at either end in the lateral constriction. 
Scutellum smooth, shining black. Elytra oblong, convex, obso- 
letely depressed transversely below their base, each elytron with 
ten regular rows of fine punctures; shining fulvous, a short lon- 
gitudinal line just within the middle of outer margin, the suture 
from immediately before its middle, and a large patch covering 
the posterior third of each elytron and enclosing a circular fulvous 
spot, black. Beneath shining fulvous, covered with short ad- 
pressed hairs; breast black, tibiae and tarsi piceous. 


Hab. Ecuador. 


150 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


Lema Hebe. 


Sub-elongata, convexa, piceo-nigra, nitida; antennarum apice, 
scutello, elytrorum basi, meso- et metathorace, tibiarum apice 
femoribusque fulvis. 


Bet 
Long. 23 lin. 


Sub-elongate, convex, shining pitchy black; the extreme apex 
of antenne, scutellum, base of the elytra, meso-and metathorax, 
thighs, together with the base of the tibiz, fulvous. Antenne 
filiform, equal in Jength to the body, their two terminal joints ful- 
vous. ‘Thorax rather broader than long, sub-cylindrical, strangu- 
lated behind the middle ; surface smooth and shining, obsoletely 
punctured, Scutellum shining fulvous. Elytra oblong, convex, 
deeply impressed transversely below their base; each elytron with 
ten rows of fine punctures, which become nearly obsolete towards 
the apex, puncturing on the transverse depression coarse and 
deeply impressed ; shining black, the basal third bright fulvous. 
Beneath nigro-piceous, meso- and metathorax, thighs and base of 
tibiee fulvous; hinder pair of thighs incrassate, shorter than the 
abdomen. 

Hab. Dory, New Guinea. 

Collections of A. R. Wallace and W. W. Saunders, Esqs., and 
J.S. Baly. 


Genus Criocrris, Geoff. 
Crioceris Adonis. 


Convexa, nitido-cerulea, antennis nigris; elytris thorace multo 
Jatioribus, utrisque plag& magna, a basi ad paullo infra me- 
dium extensa, introrsum valde emarginaté, flava. 

Long. 5 lin, 


Convex, deep shining metallic blue, each elytron with a large 
sub-reniform patch, extending from the base to beyond the middle, 
bright yellow. Head deeply constricted behind the eyes, fore- 
head with a deep fovea; antennze black, moderately robust, nearly 
equal to the body in length, sub-filiform. Thorax as broad as 
long, sub-cylindrical, sides constricted in the middle; above 
smooth and shining, sides indistinctly and irregularly excavated, 
surface minutely and remotely punctured, the puncturing rather 
more distinct towards the front, on the middle of the disc are 
several irregular longitudinal rows of punctures; in front of the 
base is a shallow fovea. Scutellum trigonate. Elytra very much 
broader than the thorax, four times its length, convex, indistinctly 


New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 151 


impressed transversely on the suture below the base; surface 
smooth and shining, each elytron with eleven regular rows of 
punctures (the first abbreviated), puncturing rather finer towards 
the apex; interstices each with a row of finer impressions, placed 
nearly equidistant between the striz ; deep shining blue; on each 
elytron is a large bright yellow patch, which extends longitudinally 
from the base to beyond the middle, and transversely from the 
outer margin nearly to the suture, its inner edge being deeply 
emarginate. Beneath dark shining blue; legs moderately robust, 
thighs slightly thickened, the hinder pair shorter than the abdomen ; 
this latter with a double row of patches of adpressed white hairs. 
Hab. Northern India. 


Crioceris flavipennis. 

Oblongo-elongata, convexa, nitido-cyanea ; antennis gracilibus, 
longitudine corporis vix brevioribus; thorace sub-quadrato, 
lateribus medio valde constricto ; elytris thorace multo latiori- 
bus, oblongis, tenuiter irregulariter seriatim punctatis, flavis. 

Long. 64 lin. 

Oblong-elongate, convex, shining metallic blue; elytra pale- 
yellow. Head smooth, constricted behind the eyes, posterior 
portion of neck obliquely strigose ; face elongate, front impressed 
in the centre with a deep oblong fovea ; antennz slender, filiform, 
nearly equal in length to the body, third and fourth joints nearly 
equal. Thorax slightly broader than long, sub-cylindrical, deeply 
constricted at the middle of the sides; above smooth and shining, 
obliquely impressed on either side near the base, posterior half of 
dise longitudinally grooved. Scutellum sub-triangular, smooth 
and shining. Elytra much broader than the thorax, oblong, 
convex above; pale shining yellow, their surface minutely punc- 
tured, puncturing irregularly arranged in striz on the disc, con- 
fused near the outer border. Legs slender, elongate. 

Hab. Northern India, 


Crioceris Bakenellii. 

Oblonga, convexa, rufo-fulva, nitida; antennis (articulo basali 
excepto), tibiis, tarsis, elytrorumque plagdé magna communi, 
nigris. 

Long. 33 lin. 


Oblong, convex, shining rufo-fulvous; antenne (their basal 


152 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of 


joints excepted), tibiee, tarsi and a large common patch on the 
posterior half of the elytra, black. Head constricted behind the 
eyes; face elongate; antenne moderately robust, sub-filiform, 
half the length of the body, black, basal joints rufo-fulvous, 
third joint more than half the length of the second; eyes also 
black. Thorax sub-cylindrical, rather longer than broad; sides 
deeply constricted at their middle; above shining, impunctate. 
Scutellum smooth. Elytra broadly oblong, much broader than the 
thorax ; convex, indistinctly depressed below the scutellum, sides 
excavated immediately beneath the shoulders ; surface very smooth 
and shining, basal half of inner dise punctate-striate; rest of the 
surface, with the exception of a single row of minute punctures 
running parallel to the suture, impunctate; bright rufo-fulvous, a 
large common rotundate patch, extending from just before the 
middle nearly to the apex, black. Beneath shining rufo-fulvous, 
tibize and tarsi black, the former clothed towards their apex with 
bright fulvous hairs. 
Hab. Moreton Bay. Collected by Mr. Diggles. 


Crioceris pulchella. 


Elongata, convexa, lete cerulea, nitida; elytris punctato-striatis, 

rufo-fulvis. 

Long. 4 lin. 

Elongate, convex, deep shining metallic blue; elytra rufo-ful- 
vous. Head deeply constricted behind the eyes; face sub-trigo- 
nate; forehead longitudinally grooved; antennze more than two- 
thirds the length of the body, filiform, moderately robust, third 
joint scarcely longer than the fourth. Thorax sub-quadrate, sub- 
cylindrical, sides deeply constricted at their middle, armed near 
their apex with an obtuse tubercle; above smooth, impunctate, 
apex narrowly margined ; immediately behind the middle is a deep 
transverse groove, which terminates at either end in the lateral 
constriction ; on each side in front is a short transverse impres- 
sion. Scutellum sub-trigonate, its apex obtuse. Elytra much 
broader than the thorax, more than four times its length, convex, 
slightly sinuate on the sides below the shoulders, each elytron with 
eleven rows of distinct punctures, the first abbreviated. Body 
beneath clothed with adpressed yellowish-white hairs ; legs sub- 
elongate; thighs slightly thickened. 

Hab. Northern India. 


New Species of Phytophagous Insecis. 153 


Family MEGALOPIDA. 
Genus AGatHomERus, Lac. 


Agathomerus Salléi. 

Sub-elongata, fulva, sparsim concolori-pubescens; antennis, ver- 
ticis macula, altera thoracis disci, plag4 magna utroque elytro, 
maculis pleurarum tarsisque posticis, nigris. 

Long. 3—3} lin. 

Sub-elongate, fulvous, sub-nitidous, sparingly clothed with 
coarse hairs, body beneath more densely pubescent; antenne 
(their basal joint sometimes excepted), an obscure spot on the 
vertex, an oblong one on the disc of the thorax in front, a large 
patch nearly covering the disc on either elytron, some shining 
spots on the pleura, together with the hinder pair of tarsi, black. 
Head finely punctured on the front; face transversely grooved at 
the base of the clypeus; eyes and apex of jaws piceous, basal 
joints of antenne sometimes bright fulvous. Thorax one-half 
broader than long at the base; sides notched at their extreme 
base and apex, slightly rounded, narrowing gradually towards the 
front; above convex, narrowly margined at the base and apex ; 
surface glabrous, smooth and shining, minutely and remotely punc- 
tured. Scutellum triangular. Elytra broader than the thorax ; 
sides parallel ; apex sub-acutely rounded, dehiscent at the suture ; 
above convex, slightly flattened along the suture ; shoulders slightly 
prominent, obtuse, surface coarsely and deeply punctured, spa- 
ringly clothed with fulvous hairs. Beneath fulvous, more densely 
covered with concolorous pubescence, three spots on either side 
(one on the prothorax, the two others on the front and side of the 
pleura) shining black ; posterior tarsi pitchy black, hinder pair of 
thighs slightly thickened, ovate. 

Hab. Mexico. 

Collected by M. Sallé. 


Family CHRYSOMELID/:. 


Genus Doryruora, Illig. 


Doryphora cruciata,* Stal, Ofvers. af Kéngl. Vetens. Akad. Férh. 
1857, p. 57 (1858). 

Rotundato-ovata, valde convexa, picea, antennis pedibusque 
rufo-fuscis, thoracis lateribus et apice elytrisque flavis, his 
utrisque limbo anguste, fascia transversa vix pone medium 
vittulisque, piceis. 


Long. 5 lin. 
* See note at p. 161, 


154 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of 


Rotundate-ovate, convex, piceous. Head finely punctured, an- 
tenne, labrum and palpi rufo-fuscous. Thorax nearly three times 
as broad as long; sides rounded, narrowed in front, anterior 
angles submucronate; above finely and remotely punctured, 
punctures on either side the disc more crowded and rather more 
deeply impressed, lateral margin impunctate; the anterior edge 
and a broad space on the lateral border bright yellow, slightly 
stained with piceous. Elytra rather broader than the thorax, 
convex, each elytron with ten punctured striz, the first abbre- 
viated, the strize severally composed of a double row of punctures; 
yellow, the suture, the extreme outer limb and a transverse band 
behind the middle, piceous; on each elytron in front are four 
short piceous vittee, each vittee being formed of two longitudinal 
lines, confluent at their base, the space between being more or 
less stained with pale piceous; behind the middle are also three 
others, formed in a similar manner, the two nearest the suture 
united at their apex; near the apex is a short oblique piceous 
line, confluent with the suture. Body beneath piceous, legs rufo- 
fuscous, thighs more or less stained with piceous. 


Hab. Brazil. 


- Doryphora De Gandei. 

Ovata, valde convexa, subtus viridi-chalybeata, supra nitido- 
cuprea; elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis ad latera con- 
fusis, interstitiis distincte punctatis. 

Long. 42 lin. 

Ovate, convex, viridi-chalybeate beneath, above shining cu- 
preous. Head finely punctured, labrum fulvous; antennze half 
the length of the body, bluish-black, two basal joints fulvous be- 
neath. Thorax more than twice broader than long; sides straight, 
narrowed and rounded in front, anterior angles obsoletely mu- 
cronate; above sub-remotely and finely punctured, puncturing 
rather deeper on the sides and base. Elytra broader than the 
thorax, very convex, rotundate-ovate, surface very finely reticu- 
late-aciculate, finely and sub-remotely punctured, each elytron 
impressed on its inner half with five or six regular rows of some- 


what deeper punctures. 
Hab. Peru. 


Genus Lrertinorarsa, Chev. MSS. 
Leptinotarsa porosa. 
Ovata, convexa, nitido-znea, elytris punctis magnis fortiter 


New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 155 


impressis, punctis fundo cupreis, prope suturam seriatim— 
ad latera confuse—dispositis. 

Long. 43 lin. 

Ovate, convex, metallic green, with a more or less distinct 
coppery tint above. Head finely punctured, forehead angularly 
impressed ; antennee black, basal joints dark eneous. ‘Thorax 
twice broader than long; sides straight and nearly parallel, 
rounded and narrowed in front; surface coarsely and deeply 
punctured, punctures irregularly confluent. Elytra rather broader 
than the thorax, convex, surface impressed with numerous large 
deeply excavated punctures, more or less cupreous at their ex- 
treme base, somewhat distantly arranged in rows near the suture, 
irregularly placed towards the sides; interstices slightly swollen, 
more especially towards the lateral border, smooth and shining, 
here and there impressed with a few fine punctures. Four ante- 
rior tarsi with their basal joint dilated in the male. 

Hab. Brazil. 


Genus Paratina, Baly. 


Antenne filiformes, articulo primo incrassato, secundo parvo, 
tertio elongato, ceteris leniter compressis. 

Labrum transversum. 

Mandibule subtrigone, apice bidentate. 

Palpi mavillares clavati, articulo ultimo truncato: labiales parvi, 
articulo ultimo obtuso, 

Menium transversum. 

Caput sub-declive, breviter triangulare, oculis anguste oblongis. 

Thorax transversus, lateribus fere rectis. 

Scuiellum semiovatum. 

Elytra ovata, postice leniter ampliata, convexa. 

Pedes sub-elongati, tarsts simplicibus. 

Prosternum \ongitudinaliter elevatum. 

Mesosternum parvum, perpendiculare, metasterno ocultatum. 

Metasternum antrorsum inter coxas intermedias ad_ prosterni 
basin protensum. 

Corpus oblongum, convexum. 

Type—Chrysomela Indica, Hope, Zool. Mis. 29, from Nepaul ; 

also described under the names of 
Chrysomela Caschmierensis, Redtenb. in Hugel, Kaschen. iv. 
558. 
Lina elata, Stal, Ofvers, af Kongl. Veten. Akad. Foérh. 1857, 
p: 60 (1858). 


156 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


This genus is at once separated from its allies by the peculiar 
form of the metasternum, the apex of which articulates with the 
base of the prosternum. 


Genus GontoctTena, Redtenb. 


Gonioctena flexuosa. 

Elongata, sub-depressa, nigra, nitida; elytris punctato-striatis, 
flavis, utrisque fascia lata flexuosa ante medium maculaque 
ante apicem nigris. 

Long. 8 lin. 

Elongate, sub-depressed, shining black; elytra pale yellow, 
each with a broad flexuous band before the middle and a large 
sub-apical spot shining black. Head coarsely punctured, exca- 
vated between the eyes; face sub-horizontal; antenne scarcely 
longer than the head and thorax, basal joints pale fulvous beneath. 
Thorax more than twice broader than long, deeply excavated in ~ 
front; sides rounded, narrowed in front, nearly straight near the 
base, their outer border thickened; above sub-convex, smooth 
and shining, sub-remotely punctured, sides slightly excavated, 
coarsely and more closely punctured. Scutellum broadly semi- 
ovate, shining black. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax ; 
above sub-convex, smooth and shining, each elytron with ten rows 
of punctures, the first abbreviated, the outer one placed on the 
extreme outer border; interstices slightly convex; pale yellow, a 
broad sinuous band placed before the middle, and sending a broad 
process a short distance down the suture, and a large sub-ovate 
patch behind, shining black. Beneath shining black, abdominal 
segments narrowly edged with piceous; four posterior tibiae armed 
on their outer edge at the apex with a short acute spine. 

Hab. Northern China. Collected by Mr. Fortune. 

British Museum, and my own collection. 


Genus AUSTRALICA. 
Sub-genus Aucometa, Baly. 


Augomela ornata. ; 
Ovata, convexa, nitidissima, subtus obscure eenea, supra cupreo- 
aurea, zneo-micans; tibiis, tarsis, vertice, thoracis basi apice- 
que et elytrorum utrumque sutura, margine laterali plagaque 
magna cruciformi, nitido-purpureis. 
Long. 33 lin, 


Ovate, convex, beneath dark, shining green, above golden-copper, 


New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 157 


with a brassy-green reflexion; vertex, the base and apex of the 
thorax, the suture, outer margin and a large cruciform patch on 
each elytron, shining purple ; all the purple markings are narrowly 
bordered with metallic green, and also have a green reflexion in 
certain lights. Head shining, clypeus distinctly punctured ; an- 
tennz black, their basal joints fulvous. Thorax more than twice 
broader than Jong; sides rounded, narrowed from their base to 
the apex; above convex, smooth and shining, minutely punctured, 
sides and apex impressed here and there with deep punctures. 
Seutellum smooth, purplish-copper. Elytra scarcely broader than 
the thorax, above convex, sides transversely impressed below the 
shoulder; each elytron with eleven rows of punctures, the first 
abbreviated, interstices minutely punctured; golden-copper, the 
suture, the outer margin and a large cruciform patch placed on 
the disc of each elytron, and extending from the base nearly to 
the apex, bright purple. Beneath dark metallic-green, with a 
coppery reflexion; tibiz and tarsi purple. 
Hab. Moreton Bay. 


Augomela dives. 


Late ovata, convexa, auro-znea, nitidissima, linea verticali, 
thoracis limbo angusto, basi dilatato, elytrorumque suturd, 
margine laterali, linea transvers&i ante medium utrimque 
abbreviata vittdque posticd disco exteriori posita, nitido- 
ceruleis, subtus nitido-purpurea, abdomine pedibusque auro- 
maculatis. 

Long. 3 lin. 

Broadly ovate, convex, bright golden-green ; a longitudinal line 
on the vertex, the narrow limb of the thorax, dilated at the basal 
margin, the extreme outer border of the elytra, the suture, a 
transverse line in front and a short vitta behind, near the outer 
margin, bright metallic-blue; these markings, like those in the last 
species, are all more or less bordered with metallic-green. Head 
smooth, face separated from the clypeus by a deep transverse 
groove, front with a longitudinal grooved line, which runs down- 
wards to the middle of the transverse groove; antenne bluish- 
black, basal joint, also the under surface of the two or three 
following joints, fulvous. Thorax more than twice broader than 
long; sides rounded, narrowed in front, nearly straight behind ; 
surface very faintly and minutely punctured; remotely scattered 
here and there are some deep but fine punctures. Scutellum 


158 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of 


purple. Elytra convex, smooth and shining ; sides transversely im- 
pressed below the shoulder; each elytron with eleven regular rows 
of punctures, the first abbreviated ; the suture, the extreme outer 
border, a transverse band in front, commencing at the outer 
extremity of the transverse depression and extending inwards as 
far as the third stria from the suture, and a short vitta behind the 
middle, placed on the outer disc, bright metallic-blue. Beneath 
bright purple, legs and abdomen marked with coppery-gold. 

Hab. New Guinea. 

Of this beautiful species, which has not been taken by Mr. 
Wallace during his recent expedition to New Guinea, I know but 
two specimens, one in the British Museum, the other in my own 
Collection. 


Family CASSIDIDZ. 
Genus Horrionorta, Hope. 
Hoplionota Templetoni. 


Sub-rotundata, leniter convexa, subnitido-fulva, elytris utrisque 
antice bi-, postice laxe subreticulo-carinatis ; maculis duabus 
nigris, una basi, altera pone medium, positis. 

Long. 3 lin. 

Sub-rotundate, slightly convex, fulvous, each elytron with two 
large spots, one at the base, the other just bebind the middle, 
black ; tarsi fuscous. Head with two longitudinal grooves on the 
front; eyes pitchy black; antenne equal in length to the thorax, 
their apex obscure fuscous. ‘Thorax more than twice longer than 
broad, deeply rotundate-emarginate in front, sides dilated, their 
outer margin rounded ; above convex, smooth and shining, covered 
here and there with irregular excavations, dilated margin hori- 
zontal, covered with large deep punctures. Elytra scarcely 
broader than the thorax, humeral angles slightly produced ante- 
riorly, their apex obtuse; sides moderately, apex regularly rounded ; 
above sub-convex, sides sub-sinuate below the shoulders; surface 
deeply punctate-striate; each elytron with two elevated longitudinal 
cost: the first, near the suture, sinuate and extending from the 
base to the apex, just beyond its middle sending off a transverse 
branch to the outer border; the second, commencing at the shoulder, 
runs nearly parallel to the first, but terminates at its transverse 
branch; this latter, soon after its commencement, gives off an 
irregular branch posteriorly, which causes the hinder portion of 


New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 159 


the surface to appear loosely reticulate; outer border dilated, 
slightly deflexed, its surface covered with several rows of deep 
punctures, their interstices transversely elevated; each elytron 
with two large black spots, the first placed at the base, the other 
below the middle. ‘Tarsi fuscous. 

Hab. Ceylon. 

A single specimen in my own collection. 


Genus Cattiasris, Boh, 
Calhaspis Bohemani. 


Ovata, sub-convexa, pallide fulva, supra nitido-nigra, anguste 

fulvo-limbata, antennis flavo-albis, apice nigris. 

Long 2—23 lin. 

Ovate, sub-convex, pale fulvous beneath, shining black above, 
narrowly edged with fulvous; antennze yellowish-white, three 
terminal joints (the apex of the last of these excepted) black. 
Head smooth ; antennz longer than the head and thorax. Thorax 
twice as broad as long at the base, deeply concave-emarginate in 
front, sides dilated, regularly rounded, narrowed from their base 
to the apex; above convex, slightly concave near the sides; sur- 
face smooth and shining, finely and remotely punctured, punc- 
turing at the sides rather coarser and more crowded; on either 
side the centre of the disc is a single shallow fovea; the ex- 
treme lateral and apical margins narrowly edged with fulvous. 
Scutellum smooth, impunctate. Elytra not wider than the thorax 
at the base, rather broader across their middle ; humeral angles 
sub-acute, sides rounded and dilated to their middle, thence regu- 
larly rounded to the apex; above sub-convex, sides deeply de- 
pressed transversely below the shoulders; each elytron with eleven 
rows of fine punctures, the first abbreviated; dilated border de- 
flexed, smooth, impunctate; extreme lateral margin fulvous. 
Beneath pale fulvous. 

Hab. Peru, Upper Amazons. 


» Genus Porruyraspis, Hope. 
Porphyraspis pulchella. 


Subquadrato-rotundata, convexa, nitido-rufa; thoracis lateribus 
elytrisque purpureis, his plagé magna antica rufa. 
Long. 23 lin. 


Subquadrate-rotundate, convex, shining rufous; sides of 


160 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


thorax and elytra bright metallic purple; these latter with a large 
common patch in front, extending from their base to beyond the 
middle, rufous. Head smooth, two basal joints of antenne rufous 
(the rest wanting). ‘Thorax concave-emarginate in front; sides 
obliquely produced, notched close to the anterior angles ; above 
convex on the disc, smooth and shining, impunctate, impressed on 
either side at the base, sides deeply and irregularly- punctured, 
bright metallic purple. Elytra broader than the thorax, anterior 
angles produced obliquely forwards, their apex obtuse; sides 
rounded, apex obtusely rounded ; above convex, hollowed on the 
sides below the shoulder; deeply punctate-striate, the suture and 
three following interstices in front, together with the six nearest 
interstices to the suture behind, longitudinally costate, rest of the 
surface transversely costate ; the second interstice from the sutural 
one sub-carinate, and sending just before its middle a branch to 
the suture; lateral margin moderately dilated, its outer edge 
slightly recurved; its surface impressed with a double row of 
punctures, their interstices transversely elevated. 
Hab. Columbia ? 
A single specimen in my own collection. 


Genus Doticnotoma, Hope. 
Dolichotoma gloriosa. 


Sub-rotundata, dorso valde gibbosa, obscure zenea, sub-opaca ; 
elytris sanguineis, limbo, sutura plag4que magna transverso- 
quadrata baseos obscure ezneis. 

Long. 93 lin. 

Sub-rotundate, obscure zneous, sub-opaque. Head longitu- 
dinally grooved down the front; antennz nearly two-thirds the 
length of the body, black, six basal joints shining, the remainder 
opaque, two basal joints stained with rufous beneath. Thorax 
twice broader than long, concavely excavated in front; sides ob- 
liquely rounded, nearly straight at their extreme base; above 
longitudinally convex in the middle, sides concave, lateral margin 
reflexed; on either side the disc are several distinct punctures ; 
centre of the disc impressed with an indistinct longitudinal groove, 
at the base of which, immediately in front of the basal lobe, is 
a transverse groove; sides obsoletely excavated, whole surface 
minutely and remotely punctured, sparingly covered here and there 
with very fine adpressed hairs. LElytra broader than the thorax, 


New Species of Phytophagous Insects, 161 


humeral angles obtuse; sides rounded and slightly dilated to their 
middle, thence narrowed and rounded to the apex, the latter regu- 
larly rounded ; above convex, elevated before the middle into 
a stout pyramidal gibbosity, obsoletely excavated near the base; 
surface impressed with numerous large shallow punctures arranged 
in striz; these become indistinct and nearly obsolete towards the 
apex; lateral margin separated from the dise by a single row of 
deep transverse impressions, dilated horizontally ; deeply sinuous 
before the middle, its outer border reflexed, surface smooth, ime 
punctate; bright sanguineous, limb, suture and a large transverse 
quadrate common patch in front, extending from the base as far 
as the hinder surface of the dorsal gibbosity, obscure aeneous, 
dilated border in front also marked with several obscure ezneous 
spots. Beneath dark shining eneous, anterior thighs and tibia 
stained with rufous. 


Hab. Ega, Upper Amazons. 


Nore on Doryphora cruciate. 

Since the description of this species has been in type I have discovered that H. 
Stal has described a pale variety under the name of D. eruciata ; I have therefore 
been obliged to withdiaw the name Euphrosyne, proposed by myself for the insect, 
and to substitute that given by H. Stal. 


VOL. VY. N.S. PART Ivy,—Noy. 1859, M 


162 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on 


X. Notes on the British Species of Heterocerus. By Geo. 
R. Waternuouss, Esq., F.Z.S. 


[Read Feb. 7th, 1859.] 


Tue following Notes are communicated to the Society with the 
view of drawing attention to a group which appears to have been 
much neglected. In the latest published list of the British species 
only three are enumerated,* whilst in the ‘ Naturgeschichte der 
Insecten Deutschlands,” by Erichson, no less than twelve species are 
described as inhabiting Germany; several of these (besides the 
species here enumerated) have a wide range, and will therefore 
probably, in part at least, be found in England. In pointing out 
that there are six well-defined English species, besides one which 
is doubtful, the writer cannot but feel that his list is far from 
perfect, since the whole of these exist in his own Collection, and 
he cannot lay claim to any diligence in collecting material for the 
study of the group. 

Are the males of the species of Heterocerus usually very scarce ? 
The author has found such to be the case with regard to his own 
and some other specimens submitted to him for examination. 
Out of about fifty specimens of Het, levigatus, he only found one 
individual presenting the male character; in H. obsoletus he finds 
about one male to ten females; in the H. fossor, of this list, he 
finds no male among the ten specimens which he has examined, 
and the same remark applies to the H. flexuosus, of which he pos- 
sesses upwards of twenty specimens. Possibly the so-called male 
characters only become evident in well-developed individuals. 


Heterocerus levigatus, Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ. xxiii. 13 (1796 
1809); 
————_——_ ———, Steph. Illustr. 11. 101, 4 (1829); Manual, 
p. 80, 621 (1839). 
— ———, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr. iv. 217, 15, 
pl. 3, fig. 10. 


* Others have no doubt been enumerated, but, as their distinctive characters 
have never been clearly pointed out, they have not been recognized. 


the British Species of Heterocerus. 163 


Heterocerus levigatus, Erichs. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 548, 8. 
—— Marshami, Steph. Illustr. ii. 101, 3; Man. 80, 620a. 
pusillus, Waltl. Isis, 1839, 221, 23. 


As this is the commonest London species, and has the pale 
markings very complete, I shall describe the insect in some detail, 
and compare the other British species with it. Oblong, black, 
densely clothed with a fine ash-coloured pubescence, almost with- 
out any admixture of long hairs excepting on the sides of the 
thorax, where they are pretty plentiful; jaws pitchy, or often 
ferruginous. Thorax transverse, rather narrower than the elytra ; 
contracted in front; the sides moderately rounded; the hinder 
margin obliquely truncated on either side; the posterior angles 
obtuse, and very narrowly margined—that, is to say, they have a 
delicately impressed line immediately within the outer margin, 
and which follows the outline of the thorax ; this may be traced 
along the whole of the posterior margin, and at the posterior 
angles, but extends very little way up the sides.* Elytra nearly 
four times the length of the thorax, with the humeral angle some- 
what rounded, and more prominent than the broadest part of the 
thorax ; the sides at first straight and parallel, but at a short dis- 
tance below the shoulder they are slightly dilated and rounded ; 
the apex is obtusely rounded. Anterior tibize dilated, rounded 
externally at the apex; the outer margin denticulate, and fur- 
nished with spines; these are usually about seven in number on 
the outer side of the tibia, and three at the apex; the longest are 
near the-apex, and their length is very nearly equal to the width of 
the tibia at the same part; sometimes eleven of these spines may 
be counted. With regard to the colouring, there are two varieties, 
one in which the markings are very pale testaceous, the sides of 
the thorax pale testaceous, but interrupted in the middle, and the 
sides of the abdomen and the legs likewise pale. Specimens pre- 
senting these conditions are common in collections, and are perhaps 
somewhat immature. In others the markings are rufo-testaceous, 
the sides of the thorax almost immaculate as well as those of the 
abdomen, and the legs are more or less pitchy, especially the 
tibia. 

[In the common type of the markings on the elytra, the Hete- 
rocert have a post-humeral band, which, entering the elytra form 
the outer margin, run inwards a short distance, and then is sud- 
denly recurved, and running upwards encloses a small dark area 


* This impressed line is seen in all the Heteroceri here noticed, excepting ‘‘ H. 
fossor?” and H., fleauosus. 
M 2 


164 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s JVotes on 


at the humerus: a second band springs from the side of the elytra 
in the same manner, but considerably below the middle, and is 
recurved so as to join what I will call the second discoidal spot, 
and which is placed but little below the middle of the elytron; the 
first discoidal spot being placed between this and the base of the 
elytra; besides these, there is a spot at the base of the elytron 
near the scutellum, and another which, from its position, may be 
termed the sub-apical spot. Moreover, the outer margin of the 
elytron is also frequently pale.] 

In H. levigatus the margin of the elytra is entirely pale; the 
two bands run inwards but a short distance from the margin, and 
then are abruptly truncated; the sub-humeral band descends 
lower than usual, and hence is separated by a narrow space only 
from the second band; its inner ascending branch is commonly 
(but not always) isolated. ‘The basal spot sends down a branch 
to join the first discoidal spot; the second discoidal is free, and 
divided lengitudinally by a dark line, as is also the sub-apical 
spot. 

[The mandibles in the Heteroceri are obliquely cleft, or notched, 
on the outer margin, about midway between the base and apex of 
the jaw, and a salient point is thus produced at that part. Now 
in the males the margin between the notch and the base of the 
tooth is frequently recurved, and produced into a vertical lobe.] 

In H. marginatus, , the lobe referred to is small and pointed ; 
the clypeus is provided in front with two minute acutely-pointed 
processes, and these are rather widely separated; and the thorax 
is as broad as the elytra. 

Four, out of five specimens which stand as JZ. levigatus in 
Stephens’ Collection, belong to the present species; the fifth 
specimen is H. marginatus. 

The H. Marshami, of Stephens, is represented in the same Col- 
lection by two specimens, both of which belong to the H. levi- 
gatus. 

Common on the muddy margins of ponds and ditches in the 
neighbourhood of London, and I believe widely distributed in 
England. ; 
Heterocerus obsoletus, Curtis, British Entom. v. 224. 

, Steph. Illustr. ii, 102, 5; Man. 80, 622. 

———— ———, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr. iv. 215, 14, pl. 3, 
fees 

, Erichs, Ins. Deutsch]. ii. 545, 4. 

——-— marginatus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 400, 1. 


Se 


the British Species of Heterocerus. 165 


Much larger than H. levigatus (being usually 23 lines in length), 
relatively broader, and more depressed ; the colouring (including 
that of the legs and the pubescence) darker. The markings usually 
are by no means distinct, and are broken up into small spots. The 
basal spot on the elytra is generally wanting, and seldom distinct ; 
the discoidal and sub-apical spots are divided; the bands do not 
exist as such, being only represented. by spots on the sides of the 
elytra, which have the margins dark. The thorax is scarcely as 
broad as the elytra, contracted in front, has the posterior angles 
rounded and margined, and is commonly concolorous, but some- 
times has a small rufescent spot at the anterior angle, In the 
male the thorax is as broad as the elytra, and but little contracted 
in front; the jaws are rather more prominent, and they have the 
outer margin recurved and produced anteriorily into a triangular 
tooth-like process: the clypeus is simple. 

Common on the borders of the ditches of salt or brackish water, 


at Sheppy. 


Heterocerus marginatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. 262. 
, Panzer, Faun. Germ. xxiii. 12. 
——— S« ——————_,, Steph. Illustr. 11.100, 1; Man. 80, 619. 
, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr, iv. 208, 5, 
pl. 3, fig. 5. 
, Erichs. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 546, 5. 


The size and proportions of this species is much like H. levi- 
gatus, but the posterior angles of the thorax are less obtuse, and, 
indeed, are very nearly right angles, and they are more distinctly 
margined. The markings on the elytra also furnish distinctions: 
the basal spot is wanting; the humeral band does not run so far 
back before it is recurved, and the ascending inner branch is not 
disunited. The post-median band runs upwards internally to unite 
with the second discoidal spot; the discoidal spots are simple; 
the margin of the elytra is narrowly edged with testaceous, hnt 
interrupted between the pale bands. 

Found on the margins of ponds and ditches in the neighbour- 
hood of London. My specimens are chiefly from Richmond Park. 

Eight, out of ten specimens which stand under the name //. 
marginatus in Stephens’ Collection, belong to the present species 3 
one of the other specimens is H. flexuosus, and the other is H. 
levigatus. 


166 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on 


Heterocerus fusculus, Kiesenw. Germ, Zeitschr. iv. 220, 17, pl. 
toa 
——, Erichs. Ins. Deutsch]. i. 549, 9. 
Extremely like H. levigatus, but much smaller; the thorax 
relatively rather larger, the punctuation rather stronger; the co- 
louring (including that of the pubescence) darker; the legs and 
antenne pitchy. The thorax is often rufescent at the anterior 
angles; the markings on the elytra like those of H. levigatus. 
Length 14 lin. 
My specimens, and some others which I have seen, are from the 
Fens of Whittlesea. 
1 am inclined to believe this may be a diminutive race of 7. 
levigatus. 


Heterocerus sericans, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr. iv. 212, 9 
(1843). 
— ——, Erichs. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 550, 11. 
—— ——,, Wollast. Zoologist, 1852, p. 3622. 
—— pusillus,* Steph. Ilustr. v. 895 (1832); Man. 81, 
623 (1839). ‘ 
——— —— minutus, (Dej.) Dawson and Clark, Catal. of Brit. 
Col. p. 11. 


A minute species (13 line in length), relatively much narrower 
than H. levigatus, more linear, and with the thorax larger. The 
thorax is rather broader than the elytra, and has the sides boldly 
rounded in the female, and in the male is distinctly broader. 
The general colour of the insect is pitchy black ; the sides of the 
thorax, and frequently a middle longitudinal mark, rufescent. 
The markings on the elytra are also rufescent, rather broad, and 
not well defined ; they consist of a patch at the shoulder, an ob- 
long discoidal patch on the basal third of the elytron, a transverse 
band below the shoulder; a curved band, with the convex side 
forwards, below the middle of the elytra, and a sub-apical spot ; 
the outer margin of the elytron is also pale, but interrupted imme- 
diately behind the pale colouring at the shoulder. The pubescence 
with which the insect is clothed is short and ash-coloured. 

Represented by eight specimens in Mr. Stephens’ Collection ; 
they were received from the Rev. F. W. Hope, who discovered 
the insect in North Wales ; my own specimens are also, some of 


* The name pusillus was previously applied to a North American species of 
Heterocerus by Say. See Journal of the Acad. of Nat, Sci. of Philadelphia, vol. 
ii. p. 200 (1823). 


the British Species of Heterocerus. 167 


them, from the same quarter, having been given me by Mr. Hope. 
I have also received specimens from North Wales, collected by 
Charles Darwin, Esq., and am indebted to Mr. Wollaston for 
a specimen which is labelled as coming from “ Ferriby.” 

I may here remark, that there is a nearly allied species (H. his- 
pidulus, Kiesenwetter), which, having a wide range on the Con- 
tinent, is not unlikely to be found in England. It is a trifle larger 
than H. sericans, and may be readily distinguished by the short 
(almost seale-like), pale, glistening setee, which, combined with a 
fine pubescence, covered the upper surface of the body. 


Heterocerus flecuosus, Steph. Ilustr. ii. 101, 2; Man. 80, 620. 

— femoralis, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr. iv, 206, 3, pl. 3, 
f. 4. 

— ———, Erichs. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 544, 3. 

— ——, Wollaston, in Zoologist, 1852, p. 36222 


This species is usually rather larger than Jcevigatus ; rather 
more elongate; has the thorax broader, more rounded at the sides, 
and not margined at the posterior angles; sometimes both the 
anterior and posterior angles of the thorax have a rufo-testaceous 
spot, but very frequently the spots are wanting. ‘The elytra more 
nearly resemble those of H. marginatus in their markings, inas- 
much as the discoidal spots are not divided, and the fascia are 
frequently complete, the post-medial fascia joining the second dis- 
coidal spot, and the sub-humeral band being (often) recurved and 
enclosing an oblong dark area at the shoulder; the sub-apical spot 
often sends down a small branch to join the pale colour which 
margins the apex of the elytra; the side of the elytron is also pale, 
but more or less interrupted. ‘There is this important difference, 
however, between the markings of the present species, and those 
of H. marginatus, namely, the H. flexuosus has a basal spot; and, 
indeed, there is often a transverse band at the base. The ash- 
coloured pubescence with which the insect is clothed is distinctly 
longer than in other species here noticed. 

I have reason to believe this is a common insect on our coasts. 
I have taken it at Felixstow in Suffolk, and at Southend. Mr. 
Squire found it at Deal. A specimen in Mr. Stephens’ Collection 
(which is believed to come from Mr. Haliday) is labelled ‘“ 1. 
sabulosus, n. sp., Irish Channel sandy coasts.” The H. flexuosus 
seems to have been founded by Stephens upon a single specimen, 
which presents a variation in the markings which is by no means 
uncommon. The bands and spots on the elytra have run, or 


168 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes on 


enlarged in such a menner that the pale colour prevails. Its 
locality is given as “the banks of the Thames, beyond Graves- 
end.” Dr. Power has a fine series of specimens from the same 
place, including varieties resembling Mr. Stephens’ specimen. 


Heterocerus rectus, Waterh. 

fossor, Kiesenwetter, Germ. Zeitschr. iv. 204, 2, 
pl. 3, f. 3? 

H. oblongus, parallelus, niger, pube pallida cinerea vestitus ; 
thoracis angulis posterioribus immarginatis ; elytris angustis ; 
fasciis maculis, basique rufo-testaceis ; pedibus piceis, 

Long. 24 lin. 


— == 


This species agrees with H. flecuosus in not having the thorax 
margined at the posterior angles; the markings on the elytra, 
moreover, are essentially the same, excepting that the first discoi- 
dal spot is rather more remote from the post-median band; and 
the bulk of the insect is about the same, but the form is different, 
being narrower, and more parallel; both thorax and elytra are 
relatively longer; the head is narrower; the spines of the ante- 
rior tibia are rather stouter and shorter, and the pubescence is 
shorter. The thorax is rather broader than the elytra, has the 
sides gently rounded, and is somewhat contracted in front; the 
hinder part is obliquely truncated on either side, and the poste- 
rior angles are obtuse. (In H. flexuosus the sides of the thorax 
are more strongly rounded, and the upper surface is more convex.) 
Sometimes there is an indistinct rufescent spot at the anterior 
angle, but usually the thorax is uniformly black. The elytra are 
elongate, and with the sides parallel: tle markings consist of a 
transverse mark at the base, which is somewhat dilated at the 
part nearest to the scutellum; three discoidal spots, and two 
bands; the humeral band is recurved in some specimens so as 
almost entirely to enclose a small oblong dark area at the shoul- 
der; in others, the inner branch of this band is wanting; the 
post-medial band often runs inwards and forwards to join the 
second discoidal spot, but sometimes the spot is free, and the 
band is almost obliterated. The third discoidal spot often joins 
the pale edging of the apex of the elytra, the whole outer margin 
of which is pale. The legs are either pitchy or fuscous; the 
tarsi testaceous. The anterior tibiz are rather less broad than 
in H. flexuosus. 

Ten specimens of this insect examined by me present no sexual 
distinctions, still I am strongly inclined to believe that the male 


the British Species of Heterocerus. 169 


would present some peculiarities, were there one among my spe- 
cimens. Judging from the descriptions, and from a single male 
specimen of H. fossor which I have had an opportunity of exa- 
mining, the two insects are very closely allied and might possibly 
be the same; but when specimens of the same sex are compared, 
I think it will be found that the insect here described will prove 
distinct—that the true H. fossor will differ from my insect in 
having the thorax less contracted in front, and the elytra rather 
broader and less truly parallel. The legs moreover in H. fossor 
are paler. If these suspicions prove to be well founded, I pro- 
pose that the name H. rectus be applied to the present species.* 

I have reason to believe my specimens of this insect are from 


North Wales. 


* H, parallelus differs from my insect in being rather larger, in having the legs, 
antenne and sides of the thorax pale; its thorax, moreover, is more rounded at 
the sides. 


170 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description 


XI. Description of a new Genus of Carabideous Insects 
from the Upper Amazon River, Brazil. By J. O. 
Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e. 


{Read Ist February, 1858.] 


In one of the many boxes of insects collected and sent by Mr. 
Bates from the Upper Amazon River were several specimens of a 
small beetle of a very peculiar prima facie appearance or habit, 
differing from every known form, but having the nearest apparent 
relationship to certain Heteromerous beetles, such as Adelostoma, 
or the smaller species of Nosoderma, &c., as well as to the genus 
Rhysodes ; the sub-parallel form of the body, sulcated prothorax 
and elytra, and obscure luteous covering of the tegument, agreeing 
with the general appearance of some of the former of these forms. 
On examining the tarsi it became evident, however, that the insect 
was Pentamerous, whilst the digitated structure of the anterior 
tibia, the organization of the trophi, and the filiform antennz, 
indicated the family Carabide and sub-family Scaritides as the 
legitimate situation of this remarkable form, although very distinct 
from all the known genera of that sub-family. 


Order COLEOPTERA. 
Family CARABIDA. 
Sub-family Scarrripes. 
Sotenocenys, Westw. 


Corpus oblongum, lateribus sub-parallelis, dorso sub-planum, 
supra obscurum, punctatum, et sulcatum ; collo et parte pos- 
tica pronoti constrictis, inde corpore quasi tripartito. 

Caput magnitudine prothoracis, sub-triangulare, angulis posticis 
liberis rotundatis paullo-elevatis, margino antico truncato, 
disco irregulari bisulcato, parteque antica sulcis brevioribus 
impresso. Caput infra sulcis duobus obliquis profundis 
postice convergentibus, ante prosternum conjunctis, pro an- 


of a New Genus of Carabideous Insecis. 171 


tennarum receptione, marginibus sulcorum valde elevatis, et 
singulo postice in cornu brevi retro porrecto terminato. 
Oculi parvi laterales ante medium marginis lateralis inserti. 

Antenne capite vix longiores, sub lobum ante oculos affixe, 
filiformes, articulo basali brevi (inde antenne haud genicu- 
late); 3tio reliquis parum longiori, his sensim sed paullo 
latioribus. 

Labrum breve, transversum, angulis anticis rotundatis. 

Mandibule late, breves, trigonz, apice acute, simplices, versus 
basin externé rotundate. 

Maxille parve, apice spina acuta terminate, intus spinoso- 
ciliate. Palpi interni graciles biarticulati. Palpi externi 
articulo 1mo et Stio parvis; 2ndo longiori, dilatato; 3tio 
etiam longiori, basi latiori conico-ovato. 

Mentum parvun, transversum, antice et postice sinuatum, in 
medio marginis antici spina acuta armatum. Labium minu- 
tum, paraglossis haud porrectis? Palpi labiales parvi, 3-arti- 
culati, articulis 2do et 3tio majoribus, hoc conico-ovato. 

Collum distinctum, angustum, rotuliforme. 

Prothorax sub-octagonus, capite paullo minor, longitudine 
latitudinem paullo superanti; supra planum, lateribus sub- 
crenulatis, disco longitudinaliter sulcato. 

Mesothorax antice valde angustus. Scutellum minutum, vix 
distinctum. 

Elytra oblonga, depressa; prothorace latiora, ad basin angulo 
prominente instructa ; postice rotundata, transversé punctata, 
singulo 3-carinato. 

Alz magne, stigmate magno luteo. Prosternum simplex, inter 
coxas pedum anticorum elevatum, sed retro haud porrectum, 
Metasternum breve. Coxe et trochanteres pedum posticorum 
magni. 

Abdomen subtus 5-annulatum, segmento Imo in triangulum 
inter pedes posticos productum. Pedes breves, graciles. 
Tibiz antice palmate, relique spinulose. Tarsi 5-articulati, 
simplices. 


SPECIES UNICAs 
Solenogenys feeda, Westw. (Plate I. fig. 14.) 


Tota picea, rugosa, punctata, pulvere luteo vestita; pedibus 
magis brunneis, capite lateribus pone oculos acutis et paullo 
eleyatis, pronoto canali tenui medio longitudinali alterisque 


172 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description 


duobus latioribus lateralibus, lobo utrinque postico magis 
elevato; elytris planis, sutura costisque tribus in singulo 
elevatis, laterali majori et acuta, corpore infra piceo. 

Long. corp. lin. 4; lat. fere lin. 13. 

Habitat in Brasilia, prope fluvium Amazon. Dom. H. W. Bates. 

In Mus. Hopeiano, Oxonie, et alior. 


P.S.—A description and figure, including the structural details 
given above and represented in the accompanying plate (Plate I. 
fig. 14—22), were communicated to the Entomological Society on 
the Ist February, 1858, and a short notice of the communication 
(sufficiently characteristic however for identification) was pub- 
lished in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Society given in 
the Zoologist of the following month. Specimens of the insect, 
however, having been forwarded to Paris, a fresh description and 
figure of it were published some months subsequently* by Mr. 
Thomson in his * Archives Entomologiques,” under the name of 
Aulacinia Rhysodioides. The description is accurate, and the 
figures, both of the perfect insect and details, are generally ex- 
cellent: the costee on the elytra are, however, teo much curved in 
the figure of the perfect insect, and the pronotum too strongly 
tubercled. The true character of the legs is also not carefully 
rendered. The figure representing the underside of the head 
enormously magnified is unintelligible as regards the under parts 
of the skull. I find, in fact, nothing of the ornamental details 
represented within the hind part of the antennary canals, neither 
is there any truth in the two biarticulated processes represented 
on the outside of the mentum. The anterior lateral lobes of the 
piece supporting the mentum extend forwards as far as the 
insertion of the antennz, and the apparent second joint in M. Ni- 
colet’s figure is in fact nothing else than the deflexed edge of the 
mandibles: all that is required, therefore, is to scratch out the 
transverse line at the extremity of this supposed second joint, 
whereby it will appear what it really is, the interior edge of the 
mandibles. 


* Mr. Thomson’s description forms portion of a paper to which the date of Ist 
February, 1858, is prefixed. This must, however, have been the date when the 
article was written, since we find in a preceding page of the same sheet a note of 
a letter, dated from Bahia, on the 11th March. 


Fig. 14 


15. 
16. 
Vie 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 


of a New Genus of Carabideous Insects. 173 


DESCRIPTION OF PLATE If, 
(Figs. 14—22,) 
The insect highly magnified. 


The underside of the head. 

The head sideways, with two basal joints of one of the antenne. 
The labrum and mandibles. 

One of the maxilla. 

The mentum and its appendages. 

The prosternum, with the base of the fore pair of legs, 


One of the wings. 
The metasternum and underside of the abdomen, with the base of 


the hind pair of legs. 


174 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s List of the 


XII. List of the British Species of Lathridius. By G. R. 
WatERHOUSE, Esq., F.Z.8., &c. 


[Read Jan. 3rd, 1859.] 


1. dardarius, De Geer ( Tenebrio). 

—, Steph. Ilustr., and Collection. 
, Mannerh. 

acuminatus, Paykul. 

———, Gryllenhal. 

acuta, of Kirby’s Collection. 


2. angusticollis (Schiippel), Gyllenh. 
—, Steph. Illustr., and Coll. 
—_—————,, Mannerh. 
rugicollis, Steph. Collection. 
hirsutula of Kirby’s Collection. 
In Stephens’ Collection are two insects under the name of “ rug?- 
collis ;” one is C. angusticollis, and the other C. minuta. The de- 
scription of L. rugicollis is from Gyllenhal. 


3. nodifer, Westwood, Steph. 


4, minutus, Linn. (Tenebrio). 

, Mannerh. 

porcatus, Gyll. 

, Steph. 
carinatus, Steph. Collection. 
hirsutulus, Steph. Coll. 
Serrugineus, Steph. Coll. 
rugosus, Steph. Coll. 
testaceus, Steph. Coll. 

I. carinatus is represented in Stephens’ Collection by seven 
specimens of Z. minutus, and one specimen of L. transversus ; the 
description, however, belongs to the true “ carinatus,” being taken 
from Gyllenhal. 


5. transversus, Oliv. (Ips.) 
————_——, Mannerh. 


—, Steph. Ilustr., and Coll. 


British Species of Lathridius. 175 


transversus, Marsh. (Corticaria). 
sculptilis, Gyll. 


6. testaceus, Waterh. 
, Stephens (not of Collection). 

Represented by immature specimens of Z. minutus in Stephens’ 
Collection. L. testaceus is readily distinguished by its short and 
anteriorly much dilated thorax. 


7. carinatus, Gyll. 
, Mannerh. 

The first British specimens of this insect which came under my 
notice were in Mr. Wollaston’s Collection. Unfortunately at this 
moment I am unable to furnish their habitat ; I have latterly taken 
several specimens in the corridor of the Crystal Palace. 


8. ruficollis, Marsh. (Corticaria). 

————,, Steph. Hlustr., and Coll. 

, Curtis. 

—, (Marsh.) of Kirby's Collection. ° 
Liliputanus, Villa. 
—_————, Mannerh. 
collaris, Mannerh.? 

Mannerheim unites the Corticaria ruficollis of Marsham with 
the Latridius constrictus of Gyllenhal—a very different insect, and 
one to which the name “ ruficollis” could never have been applied, 
since it is uniform testaceous in colour. Judging from Manner- 
heim’s descriptions, I am inclined to refer both the L. Liliputanus 
and the Z. collaris of that author to the present species ; the dif- 
ferences pointed out between the two insects being so slight that it 
appeared to me I could refer some of my specimens of C. ruficollis 
to the one, and some to the other description, and yet I fully be- 
lieve my specimens (at least) to be all of the same species. 


9. elongatus, Curtis. 
, Steph. 
—, Mannerh. 
In Mr. Stephens’ Collection this species is represented by three 
specimens of the true Z. elongatus of Curtis, and one specimen of 


L. filiformis, Gyll. 


10. filiformis, Gyll. 
—, Mannerh. 


176 Mr. F, Walker's Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


+ XIII. Characters of undescribed Neuroptera in the Collec- 
tion of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &e. By 
Francis Waker, Esq., F.L.S., &e. 


[Read August 2nd, 1858.] 


Fam. PHRYGANID, 
Genus Puryeanea, Linn. 
Phryganea divulsa. 


Mas.—Cinerea, subtus testacea, antennis fuscis pallido-annulatis, 
’ p 

alis anticis fusco-nebulosis, vitta abbreviata interrupta stri- 
gaque anteriore discalibus nigris albo-notatis. 


Male.—Cinereous, testaceous beneath: antennz brown, with 
pale rings; fore-wings mottled with brown, with a black discal 
abbreviated stripe, which is interrupted in the middle, and is 
marked with white at the end of each of its two parts; a black 
discal streak in front of the exterior part of the stripe, marked 
with white at its inner end, This species much resembles P. 
grandis, but may be distinguished by the much mottled interior 
border of the fore-wings, and by the difference in the black 
stripe. 

Length of the body 73 lines; of the wings 19 lines. 

Haiti. 

Genus Limnopuitus, Leach. 


Limnophilus griseus, Linn. 


A specimen of this species, from Haiti, does not apparently 
differ from the natives of Europe. 


Fam. LEPTOCERIDZ. 
Genus Leprocerus, Leach. 
Leptocerus niveistigma. 


Feem.—Nigra, antennis corpore quadruplo longioribus, alis an- 
ticis cinereo-subnebulosis stigmate albo oblongo, posticis 
nigricante cinereis. 


Female.—Black: antenne rather slender, about four times 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 177 


longer than the body; fore-wings indistinctly marked with grey ; 
stigma white, oblong; hind wings blackish-grey. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Brazil. 


Leptocerus. abjurans. 


Mas.—Niger, subtus testaceus, antennis testaceis, fusco-annu- 
latis corpore quadruplo longioribus, alis obscure fuscis cupreo 
vix nitentibus. 


Male.—Black, testaceous beneath: antenne testaceous, slender, 
with brown rings, about four times the length of the body ; wings 
dark brown, with an indistinct cupreous tinge; hind-wings a little 
paler than the fore-wings. 


Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 
Brazil. 


Leptocerus quadrifurca. 


Mas.—Niger, subtus testaceus, antennis fuscis, abdomine lurido, 
alis anticis fuscis, vittis duabus strigaque transversa sub- 
apicali biramosa aureo~tomentosis, alis posticis fuscescente 
cinereis, 


Male.—Black, testaceous beneath; antenne brown, slender; 
abdomen lurid; fore-wings brown, with two stripes of gilded to- 
mentum ; one costal, the other discal; a gilded transverse sub- 
apical streak, emitting two branches towards the tip of the wing; 
hind-wings brownish-cinereous. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 11 lines. 

Brazil. 


Genus Macronema, Pictet. 
Macronema percitans. 


Mas.—Nigra, subtus testacea, capite smaragdino, antennis fulvis 
corpore quadruplo longioribus, thorace vittis quatuor smarag- 
dinis, abdomine lurido fasciis fuscis, alis anticis fuscis, spatio 
sub-apicali pallido fusco-nebuloso fasciamque fuscam inclu- 
dente, alis posticis cinereis apice fuscescentibus. 


Male.—Black, iestaceous beneath: head with emerald-green 
tomentum ; antennz tawny, very slender, somewhat darker to- 
wards the tips, about four times the length of the body; thorax 
with four emerald-green stripes; abdomen lurid, with brown 
bands ; fore-wings brown, paler along the costa, and with a broad, 

VOL. V. N.S. PART Y.—MARCH, 1860. N 


178 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


pale, sub-apical space, which is slightly mottled with brown, and 
contains an irregular brown, almost interrupted band, which to- 
wards the costa is darker than the wing elsewhere; hind wings 
grey, with brownish tips. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Amazon Region. 


Genus Musarna, n. g. 


Mas et Feem.—Corpus sat gracile. Palpi maxillares pilosi, 
fo) 
capitis latitudine breviores; articulus apicalis lanceolatus : 
palpi labiales breves: antenne sat graciles; articuli apices 
versus latiores: pedes nudi; tibize posticee calcaribus apica- 
libus parvis: ale ample, integra ; anticze apud costam con- 
vex, apice rotundatee. 


Male and Female.—Body rather slender. Maxillary palpi pilose, 
shorter than the breadth of the head; apical joint lanceolate: 
labial palpi short: antennz rather slender, a little longer or a little 
shorter than the body ; joints slightly widened towards their tips: 
legs bare; hind tibia with short apical spurs: wings ample, 
entire: fore-wings more or less convex along the costa, rounded 
at the tips, moderately or very oblique along the exterior border. 


Musarna aperiens. 


Fom.—Nigricans, subtus lurida, antennis basi luridis corpore 
paullo longioribus, alis longis latiusculis fuscescente cinereis, 
posticis subpallidioribus. " 


Female.—Blackish, lurid beneath: antenne lurid towards the 
base, a little longer than the body; wings long, rather broad, 
dark brownish-grey ; fore-wings convex along the costa, very 
oblique along the exterior border; hind-wings a little paler and 
less tinged with brown than the fore-wings. 

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 30 lines. 

South America. 


Musarna interclusa. 


Fcem.—Atra, antennis corpore paullo brevioribus, alis anticis 
nigris longis latiusculis apud medium obscure cinereis, pos- 
ticis nigricante cinereis. 


Female.—Deep black: antennz a little shorter than the body ; 
fore-wings black, long, rather broad, more convex along the costa 
than in the preceding species, very oblique along the exterior 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 179 


border ; middle part, except along the costa, dark cinereous; hind- 
wings blackish-cinereous. 

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 26 lines. 

Brazil. 


Musarna claudens. 


Feem.—Nigricans, subtus fulva, antennis fuscis, fulvo-annulatis, 
alis anticis ferrugineo-fuscis latis vix longis, fasciis duabus 
incompletis e strigis auratis, posticis nigricante cinereis. 


Female.—Blackish, tawny beneath: antenne brown, with tawny 
wings, as long as the body; fore-wings ferruginous brown, broad, 
hardly long, more convex along the costa than in the preceding 
species, moderately oblique along the exterior border, with two 
slight incomplete bands, composed of short gilded streaks, the one 
exterior, the other sub-apical ; hind-wings blackish-cinereous. 

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 22 lines. 

Brazil. 


Fam. PSYCHOMID. 
Genus Cureia, n. g. ‘ 


Feem.—Corpus nudum: palpi longi, arcuati, decumbentes ; arti- 
ticulus lus brevis; 2us longus, apice unispinosus ; Sus 20 bre- 
vior; 4us 3i dimidio non longior: antennz setacee, com- 
pactee, corpore paullo longiores: tibiae posteriores calcaribus 
duobus longis apicalibus ; tibiae mediz calcare uno medio; 
tibize posticee calcaribus duobus mediis ; alze anticze anguste. 


Female.—Body, legs and wings bare: palpi long, curved, de- 
cumbent, much longer than the breadth of the head; Ist joint 
short; 2nd long, with a spine at its tip; $rd much shorter than 
the 2nd; 4th about half the length of the 3rd: antenne setaceous, 
a little longer than the body ; sutures of the joints hardly visible : 
posterior tibiae with two long apical spurs ; middle tibize with one 
middle spur; hind tibize with two middle spurs: fore-wings nar- 
row; six apical veins; Ist and 2nd forks of one vein, which is a 
fork of the radial vein; 3rd and 4th forks of one vein, which, and 
the 5th, are forks of a discal vein; 6th simple. 


Curgia braconoides. 


Foem.—Luteo-rufa, palpis, antennis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis 
nigricantibus anticis albido novem-maculatis et bifasciatis. 
N 2 


180 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


Female.—Luteous-red: palpi, antennae, tibia and tarsi black ; 
wings blackish; fore-wings with seven whitish spots between the 
base and the middle, and with two exterior discal whitish spots, 
which are between two whitish bands; 1st band abbreviated in 
front; 2nd much abbreviated hindward. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 


Fam. SIALIDE. 
Genus Hermes, G, R. Gray. 


Hermes decemmaculatus. 


Testaceus, capite antice fulvo, maculis duabus posticis laterali- 
bus elongatis nigris, antennis nigris serratis, prothorace ma- 
culis quatuor elongatis lateralibus nigris, alis albido-hyalinis, 
venis testaceis. 


Testaceous: head tawny in front, slightly angular on each side, 
broader than the prothorax, with an elongated black spot on each 
side hindward; antenne black, serrated; prothorax slightly 
contracted in the middle, with two elongated black spots on each 
side; mesothorax and metathorax a little broader and much shorter 
than the prothorax; wings whitish hyaline; veins wholly tes- 
taceous. 


Length of the body 16 lines; of the wings 42 lines. 
? 


Hermes corripiens. 


Testaceus, antennis nigris basi testaceis non serratis, prothorace 
guttis quatuor lateralibus elongatis nigris, alis albido-hyalinis, 
venis testaceis, alarum anticarum venulis transversis plus mi- 
nusve nigris. 


Testaceous: head slightly angular on each side, a little broader 
than the prothorax ; antenne black, simple, testaceous towards the 
base; prothorax almost linear, with two elongated black dots on 
each side; the fore pair sometimes almost obsolete; wings whitish 
hyaline ; veins testaceous; fore-wings with the transverse vein- 
lets more or less black. This species may be distinguished from 
the preceding one by its narrower head, by the more convex 
costa of the fore-wings, and by the black marked veinlets. 

Length of the body 16 lines; of the wings 36—38 lines. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 181 


Fam. HEMEROBID &®. 
Genus Mantispa, Illiger. 
Mantispa compellens. 


Fulva, antennis nigris; prothorace tenui cylindrico, abdomine 
vitta dorsali nigra, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque 
anticis fulvis, alis vitreis, stigmate rufescente, venis nigris. 
Var. B. Abdomine non vittato. 


Tawny: antennz black; prothorax slender, cylindrical, widening 
towards the head, longer than the cox of the fore-legs ; abdomen 
with a black dorsal stripe; legs testaceous; fore-femora and fore- 
tibiae tawny ; wings vitreous; stigma reddish; veins black ; discal 
areolets elongated, hexagonal or feftiagonal their, two longest sides 
undulating. Wars B; Abddinen without a stripe ; ” fore- feria and 
fore-tibize testaceous ; wings with the veins testaceous towards the 
base. 

Length of the body 7—8 lines ; of the wings 12—14 lines. 

Brazil, Amazon Region. 


Mantispa umbripennis. 


Nigra, capite lineis duabus flavis, prothorace lineis tribus luteis, 
abdominis segmentis flavo-marginatis, pedibus fulvis, anticis 
nigris flavido-vittatis, alis subluridis, costa apice plagaque 
postica elongata fuscis, stigmate venisque nigris. 

Black: head with a yellow line on each side of the face ; antennae 
short, stout, compact; prothorax cylindrical, wider towards the 
head, with three luteous lines, as long as the fore-coxe ; hind 
borders of the abdominal segments yellow; legs tawny ; fore-legs 
black, striped with dingy yellow; wings slightly lurid, brown 
along the costa and at the tips, and with an elongated brown patch 
on the hind border ; stigma and veins black. 


Length of the Bad s sities ; of the wings 8 lines. 
Natal! 


Mantispa lurida. 


Picea, capite apud oculos flavo, facie flava vittis tribus nigris, 
antennis ferrugineis robustis, prothorace lineis tribus fasciaque 
antica flavis, mesothoracis fascia antica lateribus pectoreque 
flavis, abdomine ferrugineo vitta dorsali picea, lateribus 
fasciisque ventralibus flavis, pedibus luteo-flavis, anticis piceo- 
vittatis, alis luridis stigmate rufescente. 


Piceous: head yellow about the eyes; face yellow, with three 
black stripes; antenne ferruginous, short, stout, compact; pro- 


> 


182 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


thorax hardly as long as the fore-coxz, transversely rugulose, with 
three yellow lines, wider and with an interrupted yellow band to- 
wards the head; mesothorax with a yellow band in front; sides 
and pectus mostly yellow; abdomen ferruginous, with a piceous 
dorsal stripe; sides mostly yellow; ventral segments with yellow 
bands; legs luteous-yellow ; fore-legs with piceous stripes; wings 
lurid ; stigma reddish; veins black, tawny at the base and along 
the costa. 
Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 


Genus VarniA, n. g. 


Feem.—Corpus robustum: caput brevissimum: palpi brevissimi: 
prothorax transversus, sub-quadratus: abdomen crassum, 
thorace vix duplo longius: pedes simplices, inermes, sat validi: 
alze longee, non late, venis venulisque plurimis. 


Female.—Body stout, resembling that of Perla: head very 
short, nearly as broad as the prothorax: palpi very short: pro- 
thorax sub-quadrate, full twice broader than long; mesothorax 
somewhat larger than the prothorax, and than the metathorax, 
which is well developed: abdomen thick, nearly twice longer than 
the thorax : legs moderately stout, simple, unarmed : wings long, 
moderately broad, space between the costa and sub-costa with 
many transverse veinlets, which are most numerous exteriorly ; 
radius emitting several sectors, which are parallel to each other, 
and are connected by numerous veinlets, and thus form many 
nearly square areolets; space behind the cubitus with veins and 
veinlets much like those of the forepart. 


Varnia perloides. 

Foem.—Testacea, prothorace vitta strigisque quatuor laterali- 
bus nigris, mesothorace et metathorace fusco-maculatis, ab- 
domine ferrugineo, alis albidis semihyalinis, venulis transversis 
nigricante marginatis, venis nigris basi testaceis. 

Female.—Testaceous: slightly pilose on the sides of the thorax ; 

prothorax with a black stripe, and with two black transverse 
streaks on each side; mesothorax and metathorax with a brown 
spot on each lobe; abdomen ferruginous ; wings whitish, semi- 
hyaline; transverse veinlets with blackish borders; a sub-costal 
space towards the tip of each wing without transverse veinlets, 
and accordingly wholly pale; veins black, testaceous towards the 
base. 

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 26 lines. 

West Australia. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 183 


Genus Osmytus, Latr, 
Osmylus punctipennis. 

Mas.—Piceus, pidibus sordide testaceis, femoribus apice nigri- 
cantibus, tibiis nigricante fasciatis, alis vitreis purpureo- 
micantibus, venis viridi-nitentibus, costa setosa, stigmate 
testaceo et nigricante,-alis anticis fusco-sub-punctatis. 


Male.—Piceous: Jegs dingy testaceous; femora blackish to- 
wards the tips; tibiae with a blackish band; wings vitreous, with 
very brilliant purple reflections; veins with green reflections, 
with numerous little bristles like those of O. chrysops; costa 
thickly setose ; stigma testaceous, partly blackish; fore-wings with 
a few brown points hindward. 

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Genus Curysopa, Leach. 
Chrysopa ignobilis. 


Albida, luteo-univittata, prothorace longiusculo, punctis quatuor 
lateralibus nigris, mesothorace punctis duobus_lateralibus 
nigris, alis vitreis, venis albis, stigmate sub-testaceo. 


Whitish, with a pale luteous stripe ; prothorax rather long, 
with two black points on each side; mesothorax with a black 
point on each side ; wings quite vitreous ; veins white, in structure 
much like those of C. septempunctata, but rather fewer ; stigma 
very slightly testaceous. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Chrysopa pubicosta. 

Testacea, nigro-notata, capite punctis nigris, antennis basi 
nigris, alis vitreis, venis albis setulosis, stigmate sub-testaceo 
lituris nigricantibus, alis anticis costa valde setulosa, ma- 

~cula basali, lituris duabus posticis strigaque interrupta 
fuscis, 


Testaceous: head with some black points; antenne black at 
the base; thorax and abdomen with various black marks ; wings 
vitreous ; veins white, rather setulose ; stigma slightly testaceous, 
with some blackish marks; fore-wings with the costa very setu- 
lose ; space between the costa and the sub-costa very broad towards 
the base of the wing; areolets behind the radius somewhat irre- 
gular; a brown spot near the base, two brown marks near the 


184 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera. 


hind border, and an interrupted brown streak on the transverse 
veins in the disk, 

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Chrysops Mozambica. 


Mas.—Lutea, capite supra viridi, prothorace breviusculo lati- 
usculo, margine antico fasciaque bifurcata ferrugineis, meso- 
thorace fasciis duabus angulatis nigris, alis vitreis vix 
cinerascentibus, venis testaceis nigro-variis, stigmate longo 
fuscescente nigricante-notato, alis anticis macula postica nigra. 


Male.—Uuteous: head with the vertex green; prothorax rather 
short and broad, ferruginous in front and with a ferruginous band 
which is forked on each side; mesothorax with two angular black 
bands; wings vitreous, very slightly greyish, very iridescent ; veins 
testaceous, slightly setulose, partly black; stigma Jong, brownish, 
with a blackish mark at its interior end; fore-wings with veins 
much like those of C. septempunctata ; a black spot on the interior 
border near the base. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 18 lines. 

Mozambique. 


Genus Arocurysa, Schneider. 
Apochrysa beata. 


Mas.—Testacea, gracillima, antennis albidis longissimis, abdo- 
mine longo, alis vitreis,.venis albidis, tuberculo discali ex- 
teriore opalino radiis nigris ornato, stigmate nigricante mi- 
nimo, alis anticis amplis tuberculo opalino posteriore, posticis 
puncto marginali nigra. 


Male.—Testaceous, very slender : antennz whitish, very much 
jonger than the fore-wings, and much more than twice the length 
of the body ; abdomen long; wings quite vitreous, with brilliant 
blue reflections ; veins whitish; costa pubescent; space between the 
costa and the sub-costa very broad; a pearly tubercle with five or 
six black rays on the exterior part of each disk ; stigma blackish, 
very small; fore-wings ample, with six rows of areolets in the 
disk, and with a pearly black-rayed tubercle in the hind part of 
the disk ; hind-wings much narrower, with a minute black dot by 
the interior border near the base. 

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 22 lines. 

Amazon Region. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 185 


Genus DrEePpANEPTERYX, Leach. 


Drepanepteryx falculoides. 


Foem.—Fulva, prothorace sub-quadrato, antennis corporis di- 
midio vix longioribus, alis anticis sub-falcatis cinereo-variis, 
costa basi dilatata, margine exteriore inciso, lineis duabus 
obliquis exterioribus e punctis nigricantibus, alis posticis 
vitreis vix cinerascentibus. 


Female.—Tawny: head almost concealed by the prothorax, 
which is sub-quadrate ; antenne rather stout, very little more than 
half the length of the body; wings rather narrow; veins testa- 
ceous; fore-wings minutely varied with cinereous, sub-falcate, 
with two slightly concave notches on the exterior border, which is 
very oblique; costal space abruptly dilated at the base, and with 
two rows of areolets, much narrower exteriorly; discal veins 
very numerous; two exterior oblique lines of blackish points ; 
hind-wings vitreous, hardly cinereous except along the costa; 
discal veins few; costal space narrow. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 13 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Genus Hemerostus, Linn. 
Hemerobius decisus. 


Feem.—Pallide luteus, capite litura verticali punctisque duobus 
lateralibus nigris, antennis fulvis, thorace nigricante, alis ci- 
nereis, anticis nigricante-cinereo varlis, strigis duabus dis- 
calibus obliquis nigricantibus, guttis marginalibus pallidis, 

Female.—Pale luteous: head with a black mark on the vertex, 

and with a black point on each side; antennz tawny, rather short 
and stout; thorax blackish; abdomen somewhat darker along 
each side ; wings cinereous; fore-wings thickly varied with black- 
ish cinereous; borders with pale dots, which are largest along the 
costa; costal space very broad towards the base; two oblique 
blackish streaks in the disk ; veins black, very numerous in the 
disk, where there are two transverse slightly oblique lines of 
veinlets; hind-wings a little darker along the costa, where the 
veinlets are very numerous, 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 13 lines, 

Hindostan. 


186 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


Hemerobius setosulus. 


Mas.—Testaceus, capite thoraceque nigricantibus, alis vitreis, 
venis pallidis, alis anticis fascia informi sub-obliqua e lituris 
fuscis, punctis marginalibus nigris. 

Male.—Allied to H. hirtus. Testaceous: head and thorax 
blackish; wings vitreous; veins pale; fore-wings pubescent, or 
minutely bristly, varied with brown, which forms an irregular 
slightly oblique band; borders with black points ; costa very 
broad towards the base of the wing; hind- wings a little darker 
along the costa. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Hemerobius Tasmanie. 


Mas et Fem.—Testaceus, capite fulvo, fascia vitta punctisque 
duobus testaceis, thorace lituris fulvis, pedibus albidis, alis 
angustis sub-vitreis, venis albidis, alis anticis sub-pubescenti- 
bus, venis paucis fusco-punctatis. 


Male and Female.—Testaceous: head tawny, with a band, a 
stripe and a point on each sidé hindward testaceous ; thorax with 
some tawny marks; legs whitish ; wings narrow, almost vitreous ; 
veins whitish ; fore-wings minutely pubescent; veins rather few, 
with brown points. 

Length of the body 2-——23 lines; of the wings 5—6 lines. 

Tasmania. 


Genus Brrorua, n. g. 


Foem.—Corpus gracile: caput thorace latius: oculi oblongi; 
antenne filiformes, basi approximate, corporis dimidio 
paullo longiores, articulis paucis: prothorax sub-quadratus : 
abdomen compressum, thorace longius: pedes pilosi: ale 
anguste, ciliatee, sub-falcatae, venulis transversis paucissimis, 
margine exterlore perobliquo. 


Female. —Body slender: head broader than the thorax: eyes 
oblong: antenne filiform, approximate at the base, a little more 
than half the length of the body; joints few: prothorax sub- 
quadrate: abdomen compressed, longer than the thorax: legs 
pilose: wings narrow, ciliated, sub-falcate ; transverse veinlets 
very few; exterior border very oblique: fore-wings with the ex- 
terior border slightly concave ; space between the costa and the 
sub-costa narrow, its transverse veinlets forked in front. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 187 


Berotha insolita. 

Fem.—Testacea, capite, thorace pedibusque fusco-notatis, alis 
vitreis sub-cinerascentibus, stigmate nigro-fuscescente, venis 
alarum anticarum albidis fusco-punctatis, venulis transversis 
nigro-nebulosis. 


Female.—Testaceous: head, thorax and legs with minute brown 
marks ; wings vitreous, slightly greyish ; stigma brownish, shaded 
with black ; fore-wings with the costal space decreasing in breadth 
from near the base to the stigma; veins whitish, with brown 
points, rather numerous ; transverse veins clouded with black. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Fam. MYRMELEONID. 


Genus Myrmeteon, Linn. 
Myrmeleon tigroides. 


Mas.—Pallide luteus, capite thoraceque nigro-vittatis, capitis 
fascia, antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis tribus nigris, 
abdomine apicem versus nigro, alis fusco-variis, anticis sub- 
cinereis, posticis albidis, 

Male.—Structure of M. speciosus. Pale luteous: antennz and 
legs black; head and thorax with black hairs and with a black 
stripe; head with a black band between the eyes and with a 
piceous mark on each side of the end of the stripe; thorax with 
whitish hairs hindward, with three black stripes; abdomen long, 
black towards the tip; basal half thickly clothed with pale hairs ; 
apical half more thinly clothed with shorter black hairs; apical 
appendages short; fore-wings slightly cinereous, with some brown 
or blackish marks along the costa and along the interior border, 
with two brown spots in the exterior part of the disk, and with an 
irregular brown sub-apical band; a brown slightly ramifying 
discal stripe extending from the base to nearly half the length; 
two white elongated marks near the hind border, one interior, the 
other basal; hind-wings whitish, with three broad irregular brown 
bands, the first nearly joining a brown streak which proceeds from 
the base, abbreviated hindward, and having opposite to it a sub- 
fusiform marginal brown patch, the third including a sub-apical 
whitish spot. 

Length of the body 26 lines; of the wings 51 lines. 

Hindostan. 


188 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


Myrmeleon conicollis. 


Ferrugineo-fusca, gracilis, capite lineis flavis, facie flava, 
palpis longis clavatis, antennis nigris clavatis basi rufescenti- 
bus, thorace vittis quatuor flavis, pedibus flavis robustis 
spinosis, alis longis angustis acuminatis, plagis costalibus 
liturisque posterioribus fuscis, venis stigmateque albis. 


Ferruginous brown, slender: head above with various yellow 
lines ; face and underside yellow; palpi long, slender, with clavate 
tips; antenne black, clavate, reddish at the base; thorax with 
four yellow stripes; abdomen rather shorter than the fore-wings ; 
legs yellow, stout, spinose; spurs as long as the first and second 
joints of the tarsi; wings long, narrow, slightly angular and 
acuminated at the tips; veins and stigma white; fore-wings a little 
broader and hardly shorter than the hind-wings, with four brown 
costal patches, and with several small brown marks in the disk 
and along the hind border; hind-wings with three brown costal 
patches, and with the other marks larger and fewer than those of 
the fore-wings. 

Length of the body 15 lines; of the wings 30 lines. 

Amazon Region. 

Allied to M. subdolus. 

This species and the four following agree with M. immitis in the 
structure of the wing-veins, and with them belong to a South 
American group, which is distinguished by a long slender body, 
short clavate antenne and narrow lanceolate wings. 


Myrmeleon nigriventris. 

Nigricans, gracilis, capitis lituris facieque testaceis, antennis 
nigricantibus capitatis ferrugineo-lineatis, thorace vittis dua- 
bus lateralibus latis lineisque interruptis testaceis, pedibus 
testaceis -validis spinosis, alis angustis acuminatis, stigmate. 
albo, venis nigris albo-fasciatis, venis paucis nonnunquam 
nigro-nebulosis. 


Blackish, slender: head testaceous in front and beneath, and 
with several testaceous marks above; antennz blackish, capitate, 
with a ferruginous line above; thorax with slight interrupted tes- 
taceous lines, and with a broad testaceous stripe on each side; 
abdomen longer than the wings in the male, rather shorter in the 
female; legs testaceous, stout, spinose; wings narrow, acuminated ; 
stigma white, veins black, with white bands; fore-wings with the 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 189 


veins occasionally clouded with black along the sub-costa and 
along the middle of the disk. 
Length of the body 14—18 lines; of the wings 24—27 lines. 
Amazon Region, Colombia. 


Myrmeleon pubiventris. 


Mas.—Testaceus, gracilis, capite lituris transversis fuscis, an- 
tennis ferrugineis capitatis, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, ab- 
domine longissimo valde pubescente apicem versus fusco, 
pedibus validis spinosis, alis acuminatis perangustis sub-tes- 
taceis, stigmate pallide fusco, venis fuscis albo-fasciatis. 


Male.—Testaceous, slender: head above with transverse brown 
marks; antennz ferruginous, capitate; thorax with four brown 
stripes, which are most regular and complete on the prothorax ; 
abdomen very pubescent, brown towards the tip, much longer 
than the wings or nearly twice their length; legs short, stout, 
spinose ; wings acuminated, very narrow, with a slight testaceous 
tinge; stigma pale brown; veins brown, with white bands; hind- 
wings shorter than the fore-wings. 

Length of the body 19—23 lines; of the wings 27 lines. 

Amazon Region, 


Myrmeleon albidilinea. 


Mas.—Ferrugineo-fusca, capitis lineis reticulatis facieque albi- 
dis, thorace vittis quatuor albidis, abdomine lineis duabus 
lateralibus albidis, pedibus testaceis validis spinosis, alis 
vitreis sub-acuminatis sat angustis, stigmate albo, venis 
nigris. 

Male.—Ferruginous brown: head whitish in front and beneath ; 
vertex reticulated with whitish lines; antenne black, capitate ; 
thorax with four whitish stripes, the middle pair broader than 
the lateral pair, and most regular on the prothorax ; abdomen a 
little longer than the wings, with a whitish line along each side 
for half the length from the base; legs testaceous, short, stout, 
spinose ; wings rather narrow, slightly acuminated, quite vitreous ; 
stigma white; veins black; hind-wings as long as the fore-wings, 
but narrower. 

Length of the body 15 lines; of the wings 25 lines. 

Amazon Region. 


+Myrmeleon indiges. 


Mas.—Testaceus, gracillimus, capite fasciis interruptis nigris, 


190 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


antennis clavatis nigro-annulatis, thorace fasciis quatuor nigris, 
abdomine nigro longissimo sub-pubescente fasciis testaceis, 
pedibus nigro-fasciatis, alis vitreis acuminatis perangustis, 
stigmate obsoleto, venis nigris. 


Male.—Testaceous, very slender: head above with interrupted 
black bands ; antenna clavate, with black rings; thorax with four 
irregular and partly contiguous black stripes; pectus on each side 
black, with testaceous dots; abdomen black, slightly pubescent, 
very much longer than the wings, with about eight testaceous 
bands; legs short, spinose; tibize and tarsi with black bands ; 
wings vitreous, acuminated, very narrow ; stigma obsolete ; veins 
black, Jess numerous than in most species ; hind-wings as long as 
the fore-wings, and hardly narrower. 

Length of the body 133 lines; of the wings 15 lines. 

Haiti. 


Myrmeleon excogitans. 


Mas.—Niger, capite antico, palpis et propectore flavis, antennis 
capitatis testaceo-annulatis, thorace vittis quinque rufescen- 
tibus, pectore rufescente, abdomine breviusculo vittis duabus 
testaceis, pedibus crassis pilosis spinosis longiusculis ex parte 
fulvis, alis vitreis longis acuminatis sat angustis, stigmate 
nigricante, venis albis nigro-fasciatis, alis posticis brevioribus. 


Male.—Black: head reddish above along the eyes, yellow in 
front and beneath; palpi yellow; antennz short, capitate, with 
testaceous rings ; prothorax rather long, slightly conical, with five 
reddish stripes, yellow beneath ; mesothorax and metathorax well 
developed, also striped, but less regularly ; pectus reddish ; abdo- 
men with two testaceous stripes, much shorter than the wings ; 
legs pilose, spinose, very stout, rather long, partly tawny ; spurs 
as long as the first joint of the tarsi; wings vitreous, long, acumi- 
nated, rather narrow ; stigma blackish; veins white, mostly with 
black bands; hind-wings much shorter and a little narrower than 
the fore-wings. 

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 32 lines. 

This species may be included in a group with M. feralis, M. 
distinctus and M. fundatus. 


~ Myrmeleon obducens. 
Mas.—Nigricans, gracilis, capite flavo supra nigricante fasciis 
duabus flavescentibus, antennis sub-clavatis annulis flave- 
scentibus, prothorace vittis tribus flavescentibus, mesothorace 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 191 


et metathorace vittis duabus lateralibus flavis, abdomine alis 
vix breviore, pedibus testaceis nigro-subnotatis, alis vitreis 
angustis acuminatis, punctis exterioribus nigricantibus, anticis 
litura postica interiore nigra. 


Male.—Blackish, slender: head above with two slender yel- 
lowish bands ; face and underside yellow ; antennz sub-clavate, 
moderately long, with yellowish rings; prothorax with three 
yellowish stripes, yellow beneath ; mesothorax and metathorax 
with two yellow lateral stripes; abdomen almost as long as the 
wings ; hind borders of the Ist and 2nd segments whitish, of the 
following segments tawny; legs testaceous, slender, moderately 
long, slightly marked with black ; wings vitreous, narrow, acumi- 
nated, with a few blackish points towards the tips; stigma brown- 
ish, not distinct ; veins mostly pale, minutely ciliated ; fore-wings 
with a black mark near the hind border at somewhat beyond 
one-third of the length; hind-wings not shorter, but a little nar- 
rower than the fore-wings. 

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 26 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Myrmeleon mcuratus. 


Mas.-—Niger, gracilis, nitens, capite maculis duabus testaceis, 
antennis clavatis breviusculis, thorace vittis duabus testaceis, 
abdomine piceo-pubescente, pedibus fulvis, posticis testaceis 
fusco-subnotatis, alis vitreis, stigmate albido, venis pallidis. 


Male.—Black, slender, shining : head with two testaceous spots 
on each side above, and with some testaceous points beneath ; 
mouth testaceous; antenne clavate, rather short; thorax with 
a testaceous stripe along each side; borders of the segments 
partly testaceous ; abdomen piceous, pubescent, shorter than the 
wings ; legs tawny, slender, not long; hind pair testaceous, slightly 
marked with brown; wings vitreous, moderately broad, very 
iridescent ; stigma whitish; veins pale, ciliated; hind-wings nar- 
rower, but hardly shorter than the fore-wings. 

Length of the body 11 lines ; of the wings 24 lines. 

Natal. 


Myrmeleon perplexus. 


Mas.—Piceus, gracillimus, capite testaceo, vertice piceo lineis 
transversis testaceis, antennis capitatis testaceo-annulatis, tho- 
race vittis tribus testaceis, abdomine pubescente, pedibus tes- 


192 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


taceis, alis vitreis acuminatis perangustis, venis posticis fusco- 
nebulosis, stigmate nigricante. 


Male.—Piceous, very slender: head above with transverse tes- 
taceous lines ; face and underside testaceous ; antenne short, capi- 
tate, with testaceous rings; thorax with three testaceous stripes ; 
the middle one slender ; abdomen pubescent, shorter than the 
wings; legs testaceous, short, slender; wings vitreous, acumi- 
nated, very narrow; veins white, with black bands, those along 
the apical part of the hind border clouded with brown; fore- 
wings a little broader, but not longer than the hind-wings ; stigma 
blackish; veins along most of the length of the hind border 
clouded with brown. 

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 19 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Myrmeleon ambiguus. 


Fom.—Niger, gracilis, capite lituris flavis, antennis clavatis 
testaceo-lineatis, thoracis segmentis testaceo-marginatis, pro- 
thorace guttis duabus testaceis, abdomine breviusculo maculis 
dorsalibus elongatis testaceis, pedibus testaceo-vittatis, alis 
Vitreis angustis, stigmate venisque albis. 


Female.—Black, slender: head yellow along the eyes, and with 
some yellow marks above; antenne short, clavate, with a testa- 
ceous line; thorax with the borders of the segments testaceous ; 
prothorax with a testaceous dot on each side in front; abdomen 
much shorter than the wings, with an elongated dorsal testaceous 
spot on each segment; legs rather slender, not long, striped with 
testaceous ; wings vitreous, narrow; stigma white; veins white, 
fewer than in most species, very minutely ciliated; hind-wings a 
little narrower and shorter than the fore-wings. 

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 20 lines. 


Myrmeleon contractus. 


Mas.—Niger, subtus testaceus punctis nigris, capite testaceo 
guttis nigris fasciaque antica lata ferruginea, antennis cla- 
vatis testaceo-annulatis, thorace vittis duabus latis testaceis 
nigro-notatis, abdomine brevi fasciis testaceis, pedibus tes- 
taceis nigro-fasciatis, alis vitreis obtusis, stigmate venisque 
albis, alarum anticarum venis nonnullis fusco-nebulosis. 

Male.—Black: underside testaceous, with some black points ; 


head testaceous, with several black dots above, and with a broad 
ferruginous band on the face; antenne clavate, short, with testa- 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 193 


ceous rings; thorax with a broad testaceous black marked stripe 
on each side; abdomen little more than half the length of the 
wings, with irregular testaceous bands; legs testaceous, short, 
with a few black bands; wings vitreous, obtuse, moderately 
broad; stigma white; veins white, slightly ciliated; fore-wings 
with the veins along the subcosta, and with a few in the disk, 
clouded with brown; hind-wings a little shorter and narrower 
than the fore-wings, with one brown dot in the exterior hind part 
of the disk, 

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 18 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Myrmeleon eccentros. 


Mas.—Niger, gracillimus, capitis lituris palpisque testaceis, an- 
tennis testaceis longis sub-filiformibus apice nigris, thorace 
vittis quatuor albido-testaceis, prothorace longissimo, meso- 
thoracis et metathoracis Jateribus rufescentibus, abdomine 
lituris lateraJibus ventreque testaceis, pedibus testaceis longis, 
alis longis acutis vitreis nigricante variis apices versus fuscis, 
costa apicali subrosea, alis posticis angustioribus longioribus 
apices versus valde attenuatis. 


Male.—Black, very slender: head reticulated with testaceous 
above, and with a testaceous mark towards the mouth; eyes 
zeneous; palpi testaceous, short; antenne testaceous, long, slen- 
der, hardly thicker towards their tips, which are black; thorax 
with four slender whitish testaceous stripes; prothorax very 
long ; mesothorax and metathorax reddish on each side; abdomen 
much shorter than the wings, mostly testaceous beneath, and with 
some elongated testaceous marks on each side above; legs testa- 
ceous, long, slender, with some black points; wings long, acute, 
quite vitreous, very iridescent, with some black points along 
the sub-costa and along the hind border, interruptedly brown 
towards their tips, where the costa is somewhat rosy; veins 
black; fore-wings moderately broad, with an irregular oblique 
blackish band near the base, and with two blackish patches; the 
Ist on the costa, the 2nd on the middle of the hind border, a little 
beyond the Ist; hind-wings narrower and longer than the fore- 
wings, much attenuated towards the tips, with an oblique blackish 
patch on the hind border. 

Length of the body 15 lines; of the wings 40 lines. 

Natal. 

This species, with M. singularis and M. circuiter, forms a group 

VOL. V. N.S. PART V.—MARCH, 1860. oO 


194 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


which is more remote than any other from the typical character of 
the gerius, and is closely allied to Chrysopa. 


Myrmeleon insolitus. 


Mas.—Testaceus, gracilis, capite atomis fasciisque duabus an- 
ticis nigris, antennis sub-clavatis rufescentibus apice nigris, 
thorace vittis quatuor nigris, prothorace longo, abdomine 
fasciis latis diffusis nigricantibus, pedibus longis nigro-fasci- 
atis, alis longis angustis vitreis fusco-vartis, stigmato albo, 
venis albis nigro-fasciatis. 


Male.—Testaceous, slender: head above minutely speckled 
with black; face with two black bands; palpi short; antennz 
sub-clavate, reddish, with black tips; thorax with four black 
stripes, which are very broad on the mesothorax, and are almost 
connected on the metathorax ; prothorax long; abdomen shorter 
than the wings, with broad diffuse blackish bands; legs long, 
slender, with black bands; spurs as long as the Ist and 2nd joints 
of the tarsi; wings vitreous, long, narrow, acuminated; stigma 
white; veins white, with black bands; fore-wings with several 
various brown marks, and with two exterior brown patches, one 
on the costa, the other on the hind border; tips brown; hind- 
wings a little narrower and shorter than the fore-wings; their 
brown marks fewer. 

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 29 lines. 

Hindostan, 

This species approaches closely to the preceding group, but is 
rather less remote from the usual generic form. 


Myrmeleon peculiaris. 


Fom.—Nigricans, gracilis, capite fasciis interruptis testaceis, pal- 
pis brevissimis, antennis fulvis longis sub-clavatis apice nigri- 
cantibus, thorace vitta testacea, prothorace longo, abdomine 
ferrugineo basi nigricante, segmentis testaceo-marginatis, 
pedibus testaceis longissimis nigro-fasciatis, alis vitreis apices 
versus nigricante fuscis, stigmate subroseo, alis anticis ro- 
tundatis striga postica obliqua nigro-fusca, posticis acuminatis 
longioribus, maculis quatuor sub-apicalibus albis. 


Female.—Blackish, slender: head with interrupted testaceous 
bands; eyes zneous; palpi very short; antenne tawny, long, 
sub-clavate, with blackish tips; thorax with a testaceous stripe, 
which is dilated and abbreviated hindward; prothorax long; abdo- 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 195 


men ferruginous, much shorter than the wings, blackish at the 
base; hind borders of the segments testaceous; legs testaceous, 
slender, very long, with black bands; spurs as long as the 1st and 
2nd joints of the tarsi; wings vitreous, moderately broad; apical 
third part blackish-brown; stigma pale rosy; veins white, with 
black bands; fore-wings rounded at the tips, about which the 
blackish-brown hue is paler and slightly interrupted ; an oblique 
blackisk-brown’ streak cn the hind border before the middle; 
veins sfightly clouded along a line in the disk; hind-wings acumi- 
nated, longer, but hardly narrower, than the fore-wings; blackish- 
brown part containing four white spots, two in front and two 
behind. 

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 32 lines. 

Brazil. 

It is allied to M. gratus, and represents in America the above- 
mentioned ‘group, of which MM. circuiter and M. singularis are 
especially characteristic. 


Genus Ascatarnus, Fabr. 


Ascalaphus leucostigma. 


Feem.—Piceus, nigro-pilosus, capite apud os testaceo, antennis 
fulvis corporis dimidio non longioribus clava nigra, thorace 
maculis testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigris, alis vitreis 
Jongis, stigmate albo, venis nigris, alis anticis apud costam 
fuscis. 


Female.—Piceous: head and thorax thinly clothed with black 
hairs ; head testaceous towards the mouth; antenne tawny, half 
the length of the body; club black ; thorax with some dull tes- 
taceous spots; abdomen bare, much shorter than the wings; legs 
testaceous; tarsi black; wings vitreous, long; stigma white ; 
veins black ; fore-wings brown along the costa. 

Length of the body 16 lines; of the wings 37 lines. 

Allied to 4. contrarius, A. loquax and A. longus. 

Amazon region. 


Ascalaphus unicus. 


Mas.—Piceus, capite pilis densis nigris, vertice testaceo, antennis 
rufis nigro-annulatis basi pilosis apice nigris corpore valde 
longioribus, thorace vitta latissima testacea, abdomine supra 
saturate rufo, pedibus ferrugineis, alis anticis vitreis basi . 
fuscescentibus, macula apicali guttisque duabus sub-apicalibus 

02 


196 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


fuscis, punctis sub-costalibus nigris, posticis cupreo-fuscis 
macula Iimpida costali sub-apicali. 


Male.—Piceous: head thickly clothed with black hairs, tes- 
taceous above; antenne red, with black rings, almost wholly 
black towards the tips, pilose towards the base, much longer than 
the body ; thorax pilose, with a very broad testaceous stripe ; ab- 
domen deep red above; legs ferruginous; fore-wings vitreous, 
brownish at the base, with a brown apical spot, and with two 
brown sub-apical dots, one on the costa, the other on the hind 
border ; a row of sub-costal black points; hind-wings cupreous 
brown, with a limpid costal sub-apical spot ; hind border dilated 
and forming a rounded angle. 

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 26 lines. 

Allied to A. subiratus. 

South America. 


Ascalaphus sublugens. 


Mas.—Piceus, capite pilis densis cinereis, antennis nigris corpore 
non brevioribus apices versus rufescentibus, abdomine vitta 
dorsali rufa, pedibus ferrugineis, alis sub-cinerascentibus, 
venis nigris, alis anticis stigmate testaceo, alis posticis margine 
postico plaga sub-apicali punctisque costalibus fuscis, stigmate 
nigro, 


Male.—Piceous; head thickly clothed with dark cinereous hairs; 
antennz black, mostly reddish towards the tips, as long as the 
body; thorax pilose; abdomen much shorter than the wings, with 
a red dorsal stripe, which is obsolete towards the tip; legs ferru- 
ginous; wings slightly greyish; veins black; fore-wings with a 
testaceous stigma ; hind-wings with brown points along the costa, 
brown along the hind border, and with a dark brown sub-apical 
patch ; stigma black. 

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines. 

This species is probably South American, and is allied to 4. 
Surinamensis, and to A. inhonestus ; it also resembles A. limbatus. 


~ Ascalaphus intractabilis. 
Fom.—Ferrugineus, robustus, albido-pilosus, antennis nigris 
corpore vix brevioribus, abdomine breviusculo maculis in- 
distinctis testaceis, femoribus tibiisque posticis testaceis, alis 
longis vitreis, vitta exteriore interrupta informi. 
Female.—Ferruginous, stout: head and thorax clothed with 
whitish hairs; head clothed with black hairs in front ; antenne 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 197 


black, nearly as long as the body ; abdomen with indistinct tes- 
taceous spots, hardly more than half the length of the wings; 
hind femora and hind tibize testaceous ; wings long, vitreous, with 
an interrupted and somewhat diffuse exterior black stripe; stigma 
black; veins white, partly black. 

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 42 lines. 

West Africa. 


+ Ascalaphus flavilinea. 

Foem.—Niger, capite testaceo, vertice piceo, antennis nigris basi 
testaceis corpore brevioribus, thorace fasciis duabus anticis 
interruptis vittisque quatuor flavis, pectore vittis obliquis 
flavis, abdomine vittis tribus luteis, pedibus flavis, tarsis nigris, 
alis vitreis, venis stigmateque nigris, vena sub-costali flava. 


Female.—Black: head testaceous, with pale hairs; vertex piceous, 
with black hairs ; antenne black, testaceous at the base, shorter 
than the body ; thorax with two yellow interrupted bands in front 
and with four irregular yellow stripes ; pectus with oblique yellow 
stripes on each side ; abdomen much shorter than the wings, with 
three luteous stripes; legs yellow; tarsi black; wings vitreous ; 
veins and stigma black; sub-costal vein yellow. 

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 34 lines. 

Natal. 


+ Ascalaphus decrepitus. ‘. 


Fom.—Niger, pilis densis canis, facie testacea, thorace vittis 
duabus anticis interruptis luteis, abdominis segmentis luteo- 
marginatis, tibiis flavo-bifasciatis, unguibus rufis, alis vitreis 
sat angustis, stigmate venisque nigris. 


Female.—-Black: head, thorax, pectus and abdomen at the base. 
thickly clothed with hoary hairs; face testaceous ; thorax with an 
interrupted luteous stripe on each side in front; abdomen with 
a luteous band on the hind border of each segment ; tibize with 
two yellow bands; ungues red; wings vitreous, rather narrow; 
stigma and veins black. 

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 32 lines. 

Hindostan. 

This species and the preceding one belong to the group which 
also includes A, tessellatus, A. segmentator, A. involvens and A, 
sinister. 


198 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera 


Fam. PSOCIDE. 
Genus Psocuvs, Fabr. 
Psocus reponens. 


Niger, niteus, capite testaceo, antennis sub-pubescentibus cor- 
pore longioribus, thorace vittis duabus testaceis, pedibus 
piceis, femoribus fulvis, alis anticis fasciis quatuor fuscis, 
3a antice furcata. 


Black, shining : head testaceous; antennez minutely pubescent, 
Jonger than the body; thorax with two testaceous stripes; legs 
piceous ; femora mostly tawny; wings vitreous; veins white; fore- 
wings with four dark brown bands ; the first united to the second, 
and the third to the fourth, by the hind border; the third forked 
towards the costa. 

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

South America. 


Fam. EPHEMERID. 
Genus Ernemera, Lin. 
Ephemera dislocans. 


Picea, subtus ferruginea, thoracis pectorisque lateribus abdo- 
minisque apice testaceo-notatis, setis corpore longioribus, 
pedibus nigris, femoribus ferrugineo-fasciatis, alis anticis 
vitreis nigro transverse strigatis. 

Riceous, ferruginous beneath: sides of the thorax and of the 
pectus and tip of the abdomen with some testaceous marks; sete 
much longer than the body; legs black; femora with ferruginous 
bands; wings quite vitreous ; fore-wings with regular transverse 
black marks along the costa, and with irregular transverse black . 
streaks in the disk; transverse veins rather few, mostly clouded 
with black. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Cape of Good Hope. 


Genus Poramantuus, Pictet. 
Potamanthus exspectans. 


Testaceus, thorace vittis duabus abbreviatis nigris, abdomine 
lineis quatuor nigris, setis pubescentibus corpore vix brevio- 
ribus, alis testaceis, venulis transversis nigris. 


Pseudimago.—Testaceous: thorax on each side with a black 
stripe, which is abbreviated hindward ; abdomen with four black 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 199 


lines ; setae pubescent, nearly as long as the body; wings tes- 
taceous; veins testaceous ; transverse veinlets black. . 
Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 
Hindostan. 


Genus Patrincenta, Burm. 
Palingenia continua. 


Mas.—Picea, vitta lata albido-testacea, setis validis corpore 
longioribus, pedibus ferrugineis, alis sub-cinereis, venis nigris 
robustis, venulis transversis plurimis distinctissimis. 


Male.—Piceous, with a broad whitish testaceous stripe, which 
extends from the head to the tip of the abdomen: sete stout, 
much longer than the body; legs mostly ferruginous; wings 
greyish ; veins black, stout ; transverse veins numerous, very dis- 
tinct. 

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. 

Amazon Region. 


Palingenia annulifera. 


Albido-testacea, thorace vittis duabus anticis albis, abdomine 
vittis duabus lateralibus guttisqne dorsalibus nigris, setis 
albis nigro-annulatis corpore multo longioribus, pedibus albi- 
dis nigro-fasciatis, alis vitreis, venis albis, venulis transversis 
apud costam fusco-nebulosis. 


Whitish testaceous: thorax with two white stripes in front; 
abdomen with a black stripe along each side, and with a minute 
black dot on the hind border of each segment; the two setee 
white, with black rings, very much longer than the body; legs 
whitish, with some black bands; wings vitreous; veins white; 
transverse veins towards the costa clouded with brown. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Genus Crozon, Leach. 
‘ Cléeon debilis. 


Fulva, capite nigro, abdomine testaceo, setis pedibusque albis, 
illis corpore longioribus, alis vitreis, venis albis. 


Tawny: head black ; abdomen testaceous ; setae and legs white, 
the former longer than the body; wings quite vitreous ; veins 
white. 

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Hindostan. 


200 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes 


XIV. Notes on the British Species of Cisside. By G. R. 
Waternouse, Esq., F.Z.8., &e. 


[Read July 4th, 1859.] 


Tue European species of Cis, and allied genera, amount (according 
to Dr. Schaum’s recently published Catalogue) to 42. . Hitherto, 
of British species, I have only seen thirteen or fourteen ; hence it 
is probable there are several yet to be discovered; and, with the 
view of drawing attention to the group, I will lay before the 
Society such little information as I possess relating to them. I 
will, in the first place, state that, soon after the publication of 
M. Mellié’s Monograph in the “ Annales de la Société Entomo- 
logique de France,”’ (see vol. vi., Second Series, pp. 205, 213,) I 
endeavoured to determine the species of my own collection, but 
having doubts as to some of my conclusions, I availed myself of 
an opportunity which subsequently offered itself, to send my 
species to the author of the Monograph. ‘These were returned to 
me with two corrections, and consisted of the following species :— 
Cis Boleti, setiger, festivus, oblongus, fuscatus, Alni, bidentatus, 
nitidus ; Ennearthron cornutum, and affine. 

Recently, with the view of determining certain additional 
species which have come to hand, I have had occasion to re- 
examine the entire group, and I believe I recognize amongst my 
captures the Cis micans and C. hispidus, together with a third 
species, of which I possess but one specimen, and which I am 
unable to determine. 1 have also to add to the list the Octo- 
temnus glabriculus, an insect which stands, in Mr. Stephens’ col- 
lection, to represent the C. nitidus. 


The species in the Stephensian collection are as follows :— 

1. Cis Boletorum, which is = C. Boleti of Gyllenhal, Mellié, 
&c., &c.,-as well as of the “Illustrations,” but bears the 
old Marshamian specific name, it being the Plinus Bole- 
torum of the * Ent. Brit.” p. 85, sp. 13. 


2. C. flavus—represented by immature specimens of the Cis 
setiger of Mellié. 


on the British Species Cisside. 201 


3. C. concinnus. Under this name are three species; two 
specimens marked with a round ticket, which should, 
therefore, be type specimens, are C. bidentatus of Mellié, 
&c. These specimens, however, can scarcely represent 
the Ptinus concinnus of Marsham, nor have they the 
Marshamian number attached to them. The other speci- 
mens are some of them C. Bolet2, and one specimen is 
C. hispidus. 


4. C. migans. Represented by ten specimens, eight of which 
are C. Boleti, and two are C. setiger. The description in 
the ‘ Illustrations” appears to have been taken from 
Gyllenhal, but to have been abbreviated ; and, as far as it 
goes, belongs to the true C. micans. 


5. C. villosulus. Here the type specimens are Marshamian, 
and are marked No. 14, on a round label; they should 
then be the fourteenth species of Marsham’s book, and 
such no doubt (judging from the description) is the case. 
The Ptinus villosulus of Marsham, then, I find to be = 
C. setiger of Mellié. The name “villosulus’ does not 
occur in the “ Illustrations ;” but in Stephens’ Systematic 
Catalogue we find it given as a synonym to C. micans. It 
would appear, however, Mr. Stephens subsequently re- 
garded it as a distinct species, and, in fact,as = C. his- 
pidus of Gyllenhal. It is the fifth species in the collection, 
and the description of C. hispidus (which comes between 
the descriptions of C. micans and C. pyrrhocephalus, also 
in accordance with the positions of the species in the col- 
lection) is the fifth in the “Illustrations.” Moreover, 
Stephens gives C. hispidus as a species he possesses, and 
if it be not represented by this, it can be no other species 
in the collection: but the description is evidently taken 
from Gyllenhal, and belongs to another insect. 


6. C. pyrrhocephalus. Here I find a Marshamian type, No. 
15, of the Ptin. pyrrhocephalus of the “ Ent. Brit.” p. 85, 
sp. 15. The insect is a variety of the C. setiger of Mellié, 
in which the head, and fore part of the thorax, is pale ; the 
back of the thorax dusky; a condition which the insect 
often presents. 


7. C. pygmeus. Represented by a single specimen from 


202 


Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes 


Marsham’s collection, bearing the No. 16; it is, therefore, 
the Plinus pygmeus of the “Ent. Brit.” p. 85, sp. 16, and 
I think is clearly identical with the C. oblongus of Gyl- 
lenhal and Mellié. 


8. C. rhododactylus. Represented by one (Marshamian) speci- 


men only, and that in bad condition. It is the Pt. rhodo- 
dactylus of the “ Ent. Brit.” p. 87, sp. 22, and appears to 
me to be likewise the C. oblongus of Gyll. I have 
examined the specimen more than once, and game to the 
same conclusion. 


9. C. ruficornis. Represented by two specimens, neither of 


10. 


11. 


13. 


them with the Marshamian mark: they are = C. hispidus 
of Mellié. 


C. nigricornis. One specimen only: itis not a Marshamian 
type, nor does it agree with the description given in the 
‘“‘ T]Justrations,” which is taken from Marsham’s work; the 
antennz being testaceous, with a brownish club, instead of 
“black.” It agrees with the C. oblongus of Gyllenhal. 


C. nitidus. Represented by several specimens of the 
C. glabriculus of Gyll., = Octotemnus id. Mellié. 


C. fronticornis. Three specimens, all of which appear to 
me to be = C, affinis of Gyllenhal = Lnnearthron affine, 
Mellié. 


C. bidentatus = C. bidentatus, Oliv., Gyll., &e. 


Besides the above, there is a small series (without name) of 
Cis nitidus; these were givensto Mr. Stephens by myself, I 
believe, subsequent to the publication of the “ Illustrations.” 


The following British species have not been recorded by Mr. 
Stephens, or have been recorded by mistake :—C. micans, C. his- 
pidus, C. festivus, C. fuscatus, C. Alni, and Ennearthron cornutum. 


Ye 


Cis Boleti, Scop. Fab. Gyll. Steph. Illustr. i. 344, 1; 
Mellié, Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 
gme Série, vol. vi. (1848), p. 238, pl. 2, f. 1. 

Ptinus Boletorum, Marsh. Ent.. Brit. 85, 13. 


on the British Species Cisside. 203 


Brown, or pitehy-brown; thorax with an indistinct longitu- 
dinal ridge, usually with about six shallow depressions, on the 
disc of which the two largest are on the hinder part, and are 
separated by the ridge alluded to; the fore part depressed, and the 
anterior margin (like that of the head) recurved and obscurely 
notched in the middle, the reflected lateral margin broad; the 
surface very thickly covered with minute punctures, and somewhat 
rugulose ; elytra rather less thickly covered with small punctures, 
rugulose, and with interspersed large punctures, which have a 
tendency to form lines: the pubescence, which covers the body, 
very short—under a lens of half an inch focus scarcely visible, but 
giving a delicate silky bloom to the surface; legs and antennz 
testaceous, the latter with the club dusky. 

This is the largest of our British species, being usually 14 lines 
in length ; it is very common and widely distributed, being found 
in the Boleti growing upon various trees: it varies much in size 
and colour; the latter, however, has merely connexion with the 
degree of maturity or immaturity of the insect,—when immature 
being, of course, pale testaceous. 


2. Cis villosulus, Steph. Collection. 
Ptinus villosulus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 86, sp. 14. 
—— pyrrhocephalus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 86, sp. 15; 
Steph. Lllustr. iii. 345, 6. 
Cis setiger (Chevrolat), Mellié, 1. c. p. 244, 3, pl. 2, f. 9. 
— flavus, Steph. Ilustr. iii. 345, 3. 


This species is more elongate, and usually rather smaller than 
C. Boleti ; it differs chiefly in having the thorax narrowly mar- 
gined behind (the thorax of C. Bolett being immarginate behind), 
the reflected lateral margin narrower, and more strongly setose ; 
the elytra are rugulose and finely punctured, but large distinct 
punctures, like those of C. Boleti, can scarcely be said to exist in~ 
the present insect ; the pubescence (or rather the short scale-like 
glistening setze) is coarser, the individual setz being tolerably dis- 
tinct under a lens of half an inch focus; the colouring, moreover, 
is less uniform, and is frequently fusco-testaceous, or somewhat 
ferruginous, with the hinder part of the thorax, and the disc of 
the elytra, more or less dusky. Upon a specimen presenting this 
colouring Marsham founded his Pt. pyrrhocephalus. 

Not uncommon in Boleti, in the neighbourhood of London and 
various other parts. My specimens are chiefly from Hawkhurst, 
in Kent. 


204 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes 


3. Cis micans, Herbst, Payk., Gyll., Mellié, 1. c. p. 255, 12, pl. 
2:f, 14. 


I think I am right in identifying with the descriptions of Gyl- 
lenhal and Mellié a species of Cis which I found in the same Bo- 
letus with Cis Bolett and Octotemnus glabriculus, at Hawkhurst, 
in Kent, and which I have also taken elsewhere. 

It has the same form and colouring as C. Boleti, but differs in 
being considerably smaller (full-sized specimens being 1} lines in 
length}, in having the thorax margined (very narrowly) behind, 
the surface destitute of impressions, and also without mesial ridge, 
though on the disc there is often a short smooth line; the lateral 
reflected margins narrower, the fore part but indistinctly de- 
pressed, and the anterior margin less produced, and less recurved ; 
the elytra are rugulose and finely punctured, but present scarcely 
a trace of large punctures. It agrees with C. villosulus in having 
the thorax margined behind, but differs in being smaller, of a 
shorter form, and in having the surface of the thorax even, 1. e., 
without keel or depressions. In the nature of the pubescence 
which covers the upper parts, it is intermediate between C. Boleti 
and C. villosulus. ‘The legs and antenne are testaceous, the club 
of the latter black, or dusky. 


4. Cis hispidus, Paykul, Gillenhal, Mellié, 1. c. p. 260, sp. 16, 
Pls2. telly’: 
Ptinus ruficornis, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 87, 20? 
Cis ruficornis, Steph. Coll. 


Decidedly smaller than the preceding (large specimens being 
about 14 lines in length), and more elongated in form; uniform 
piceous, with a dense and very glistening pubescence, more dis- 
tinct than in C. Boleti, and varying in colour in different indi- 
viduals, being sometimes slightly greenish, and not unfrequently 
red; legs and antenne entirely testaceous ; thorax with the sur- 
face even, and very thickly punctured, the fore part considerably 
produced over the head, but not recurved; the lateral reflected 
margin narrow; elytra thickly and finely punctured, and with 
larger punctures arranged in striz ; the striz, however, are by no 
means well-marked, though they present a very evident point of 
distinction when this species is compared with other smallish, 

pubescent species. 
_ T have found this insect very sparingly at Hawkhurst. 


5. Cis pigmeus, Steph. Illustr. ill. 346, 7. 


on the British Species Cissida. 205 


Ptinus pigmeus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 86, 16. 

Cis oblongus (Schonh.), Mellié, 1. c. p. 341, 46, pl. 3, f. 19. 
Cis rhododactylus, Steph. Ilustr. i. 346, 8. 

Ptinus rhododactylus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 87, 22. 

Cis nigricornis, of Steph. Collect., not of Marsham ? 


Rather less than C. Aispidus, and nearly of the same oblong 
form, but with the thorax more distinctly contracted in front; 
pitchy-black, with pale legs and attennz, and pretty densely 
clothed with pubescence; thorax rather thickly and finely punc- 
tured; elytra finely, but by no means thickly punctured, the 
punctures rather oblong, the interspaces glossy. See next species 
for further characteristics. 


6. Cis festivus, Panz., Gyll., Mellié, |. c. p. 349, sp. 53, pl. 3, 
f, 24. 

Fuscous, or fusco-testaceous, antenne and legs pale; thorax 
and elytra thickly punctured and well clothed with scale-like sete. 
In size and form this insect comes very near the preceding; it is, 
however, a trifle Jess oblong, and differs more particularly in 
having the punctuation rather stronger and more dense, especially 
on the elytra. In C. pygmeus, the interspaces between the 
punctures (which punctures are rather oblong) would admit of 
two, and often three punctures similar to those which exist, whilst 
in C. festivus (where the punctures are round), there is scarcely 
room for more than one puncture between the existing punctures: 
here, moreover, the sete are decidedly stouter and more scale-like 
than inC. pygmeus. The last-mentioned insect (the Marshamian 
specimen) I have carefully compared with a specimen of C, oblon- 
gus, presented by M. Mellié to the British Museum, an insect 
which also agrees with a specimen in my own collection, named 
by M. Mellié; and when these three specimens are compared with 
specimens of C. festivus from M. Mellié, they present precisely 
the differences which that author points out in his descriptions. 

The two last-mentioned species are each about one line in - 
length; the following is the smallest of the British species. 


7. Cis fuscatus, Mellié, 1. c. p. 352, sp. 55, pl. 4, f. 1. 


Scarcely 3 of a line in length, and of a narrow, elongate form, 
the thorax as broad as the elytra, not contracted in front, the sides 
gently rounded, the anterior angles obtuse, the posterior angles” 
rounded: general colour fusco-testaceous; well clothed with short 


206 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes 


scale-like setee: thorax thickly and rather finely punctured; elytra 
with the punctures stronger and less thickly disposed. 

Readily distinguished from the preceding by its small size, and 
more linear form; the puncturing of the elytra is rather less dense 
than in C. festivus, and the punctures are more defined, the inter- 
vening spaces being more even; on the other hand, the punctures 
are stronger and more numerous than in C. pygmeus. 

I have taken three specimens of this insect, but omitted to re- 
cord the localities. 

The remaining three species are destitute of pubescence or very 
sparingly furnished, and are black, or pitchy-black in colour. 


8. Cis Alni, Gyll., Ins. Suec. iii. 386; Mellié, 1. c. p. 338, 45, 
pl. 3, f. 18. 


Elongate, sub-cylindrical, pitchy-black and glossy ; antennze 
(excepting the club, which is more or less fuscous) and legs tes- 
taceous; head rather convex, thickly punctured, with a transverse 
depression immediately in front of the eyes: thorax fully as broad 
as the elytra, broadly margined at the sides, and very narrowly 
margined behind, the anterior angles nearly right angles, but 
slightly produced; the posterior rounded, the surface rather thickly 
punctured: elytra moderately punctured, the punctures rather less 
thick and rather stronger than on the thorax—under the micro- 
scope is seen, on the hinder margin of each puncture, an exceed- 
ingly small and short white seta. | 

Length about 14 line. 

Distinguished by its elongate form, combined with its glossy 
pitchy black colour, and the slightly prominent anterior angles to 
the thorax. 

I have formerly taken this insect in more than one locality, of 
which, however, I omitted to make any notes: this year I found 
the insect at Hawkhurst, in Kent. 

The following two species have the thorax emarginated on each 
side in front, immediately above the anterior angle, so as to leave 
the angle somewhat prominent and acute. 


9. Cis bidentatus, Oliv.; Gyll. ili. 383; Steph. Illustr. iii. 347, 
13; Mellié, 1.\c. 322, 31, pl. 3,4. 5. 
Piinus bidentatus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 86, 17. 
@ Ptinus inermis, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 87, 18. 


Oblong convex, with the sides: of the body nearly parallel ; 


on the British Species Cisside. 207 


black, or pitchy-black, and but moderately glossy; iegs and 
antennz rufo-testaceous; head depressed in front, and with a 
shallow fovea in the middle, finely and rather sparingly punc- 
tured ; clypeus somewhat produced, and, in the male, with two 
angular tubercles; thorax narrowly margined at the sides and 
behind, distinctly punctured, the punctures moderately dense; in 
the male with two tubercles in front, separated by a depressed 
(slightly concave) interspace. Elytra with the punctures scarcely 
stronger than those of the thorax, but less numerous; the scales 
or setz scant, and scarcely visible even with a powerful lens. 

The male of the present species is readily distinguished by its 
bi-tuberculate thorax ; ; the female, through its shorter form, and 
the narrowness of the reflected Jateral margin of the thorax, could 
not be confounded with C. dini; whilst, when compared with 
C. nitidus, it would immediately be separated by the more distinct 
and defined punctuation of the elytra: here the punctures are all 
alike, whilst in C. nitidus there are excessively fine, and larger, 
punctures intermixed; moreover, C. bidentatus is rather larger, 
(14 line), and less glossy than C. nitidus, which is usually about 
1 line, or rather less, in length. 

In Bolett, on the ash, at Southend, and in Windsor Forest, 


&c., &c. 


10. Cis nitidus, Herbst., Fab.; Gyll. iii. 382; Mellié, 1. e. 
325, 33, pl. 3, f. 7. 


Oblong, convex, glossy, and‘usually of a deep chestnut colour ; 
legs and antenne testaceous—the latter with the club dusky; 
head very slightly convex, the clypeus in the male rather obso- 
letely bidentate ; thorax very narrowly margined at the sides and 
behind; rather thickly and finely punctured; elytra with 
exceedingly fine punctures, and larger interspersed punctures, 
the latter having a tendency, in some specimens, to form rows. 

I have found this species in the New Forest, and in Windsor 
Forest ; and I have received it from Scotland. I took specimens 
of this insect many years back. 

I have now to notice three species which have been separated 
from the genus Cis by M. Mellié, chiefly on account of the struc- 
ture and, more especially, the number of the joints in the antenne. 
Those with nine joints to the antennze form the genus. 


Ennearturon, Mellié (I. c. p. 861), which is = Entypus of 
Redtenbacher (Faun. Austr. Ed. 1849, p. 350). 


208 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes 


We possess two species, viz. :— 
E. cornutum, Mellié, 1. c. p. 362, pl. 4, f. 12. 
Cis cornutus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 626. 


A smallish oblong species (being scarcely 1 line in length), and 
of a testaceous or fusco-testaceous colour, the legs and antennz 
paler; antennz with the two basal joints stout, these followed by 
two slender joints, of which the first is the longest, then two 
small transverse joints, and the three-jointed club; the clypeus, 
in the male, is produced into two pointed tubercles, which are 
horizontally compressed ; in the female transverse, rounded, with 
the margin recurved, and obscurely .emarginate in the middle: 
thorax with the broadest part very near the posterior angles, 
gently rounded at the sides, and gradually contracted towards the 
fore part; in the male with two approximated tubercles in front ; 
in the female with an aggregate of small seta at the same part, 
leaving, however, a smooth mesial line; narrowly margined be- 
hind and at the sides, the convex upper surface distinctly, but by 
no means thickly punctured: elytra about 23 times the length of 
the thorax, and very little broader; tolerably well furnished with 
small yellow seta, more strongly punctured than the thorax, the 
puncturing not very dense, and having a tendency here and there 
to form lines. 

This insect J have taken recently at Hawkhurst. 


Ennearthron affine, Mellié, 1. c. p. 364, 2, pl. 4, f. 13. 
Cis affinis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 629. 
— fronticornis, of Stephens’ Collection. 


Is considerably smaller (being about { of a line in length), and 
relatively narrower than the preceding, from which it is further 
distinguished by its pitchy-black colour, less strongly and thickly 
punctured upper parts, its dull thorax, and less dense setz on 
the elytra; these are, however, conspicuous, being white and 
rather strong, and arranged in rows. The clypeus, in the male, 
is furnished with two acute tubercles. 


Genus Ocrotemnus, Mellié, |. c. p. 384,* is founded on the— 
Cis glabriculus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 629, 
Oct. id., Mellié, 1. c. p. 385. 
Cis nitidus, of Stephens’ Collection. 


A small, glossy, pitchy-black insect, bearing a superficial resem- 


* The two genera Ennearthron and Octotemnus were first pointed out by M. 
Mellié, in the ‘* Revue de la Société Cuviérienne” for March, 1847. 


on the British Species Cissida. 209 


blance to the C. nitidus, but decidedly smaller, has the thorax 
contracted in front, and with the anterior angles obtuse—not pro- 
duced as in C. nitidus. A more marked distinction, however, is 
seen in the structure of the antenna, which, instead of being 
ten-jointed, as in Cis, are eight-jointed, viz., two stout joints at 
the base, followed by an elongate slender joint, then a short ob- 
conic joint, and between this and the three-jointed club a small 
transverse joint ; the thorax is finely, but not densely punctured ; 
the elytra are rather finely punctured, and rugulose. 
Common in Boleti, near London and elsewhere. 


XV. Notes on the Economy of the Ichneumons constituting 
the Genus Pezomachus of Gravenhorst, and Obser- 
vations on Pezomachus fasciatus, by FREDERICK 
Suiru, Esq.; with a Description of a New Species 
of Hemiteles, by Toomas Desvienzs, Esq. 


[Read July 4th, 1859.] 


Tue observations of Hymenopterists on the species of the genus 
Pezomachus have in some instances tended to prove that these 
Ichneumons are the parasites of parasites. Ratzeburg states that 
he obtained Pezomachus agilis, P. instabilis and P. terebrator from 
a species of Microgaster; Pezomachus cursitans has been reared 
from the cocoons of Cryptus imcubator. Ratzeburg obtained 
Pezomachus from the cocoons of Lophyrus Pini, and also from 
those of Cimbex variabilis; in the two latter cases there does not 
appear to be any proof that the Pezomachi did not prey upon the 
larvee of the saw-flies themselves; he also obtained P. instabilis 
from the nest of a spider. Dahlbom has reared a species of Pezo- 
machus from asmall moth belonging to the family Zinezna—Hypo- 
nomeuta Evonymellus; Foerster has recorded the above facts in his 
Monograph on the genus Pezomachus. 

Mr. Haliday has also reared a species of Pezomachus from the 
cocoons of Microgaster intricatus, as is recorded in the second 
volume of the “ Entomological Magazine.” 

Mr. Westwood, in his great work on the “* Modern Classifica- 
tion of Insects,” informs us, that other species of Ichneumons de- 
posit their eggs in the silken cocoons of various species of spiders, 

VOL. V. N.S. PART V,—MARCH, 1860. je 


210 Mr. F. Smith’s and Mr. T. Desvignes’ Notes, &c. 


and that Pimpla oculatoria, Hemiteles palpator and Ichneumon 
aranearum are nourished by the eggs of the spiders, and that they 
undergo their transformations within the spiders’ silken cocoon or 
nest. 

During the past summer I collected a number of the nests of 
a spider, 4gelena brunnea; these nests may be frequently observed, 
attached to blades of grass, twigs of heath and other low shrubs; 
they are about the size of a cherry-stone, and are composed of 
beautiful snow-white silk, but coated over with a crust of mud, 
and thus very closely resemble the nest of a species of solitary 
wasp, Eumenes coarctatus, only being rather smaller. ‘The latter 
circumstance has always induced me to examine these nests, 
but having usually found them filled with spiders, I have not paid 
much attention to them. On examining one about the middle of 
June last, I was surprised to find that it contained three or four 
oblong cocoons, evidently, as I thought, cocoons of some parasite. 
Having placed the nest carefully in a glass-topped box, I had the 
satisfaction, in the course of a day or two, to find four specimens 
of Pezomachus fasciatus developed ; this circumstance induced me 
to collect the large number of the spiders’ nests, I obtained 
seventy-three. The following have been the results: I have had 
in all twenty-two specimens of Pezomachus developed, only in one 
instance four from one nest, and in six cases three from each. 
In all the cases in which I obtained Pezomachus, not a single spider 
was likewise developed. 

Another parasite on the spider appeared in about equal num- 
bers, but never more than one froma single nest; in every in- 
stance, however, four or five spiders were subsequently developed 
from the same nest as the Jchnewmon. 

This latter parasite belongs to the genus Hemiteles, and appears 
to be a species previously unknown. I am indebted to Mr. 
Desvignes for having obligingly described the species with great 
care, under the name of Hemiteles formosus. 

It appears to me that the fact of the Pezomachus feeding upon 
the spiders and not on the Hemiteles is clearly proved, as, in the 
latter case, spiders as well as Pezomachus ought to have been 
developed; and when we take into consideration the fact of 
Pezomachus being quite as bulky an insect as Hemiteles, it can 
scarcely be supposed that the larva or pupa of the latter could 
afford nourishment to three or four larve of the former. 

During the last month not a single insect has been developed, 
and on opening several of the nests, I found in each, a pupa case 


on Genus Pezomachus and Species of Hemiteles. 211 


containing a living larva, being I have little doubt that of the 
Ichneumon. 


HemITELEs Formosvs, Desvignes. 

Abdomine rufo, apice nigro, segmentis 2—4 maculis nigris; 
pedibus anterioribus pallide fulvis, femorum  posticorum 
fulvis apice nigris, tibiis posticis nigris fulvo-cingulatis, 

Longitudo 23—8 linearum. 

Caput fascia argenteo-sericea, mandibulis basi rufis. Antenne 
dimidio corpore longiores, maris basi stramineis, reliquis 
subtus testaceis, feminze obscurioribus. 

Thorax gibbus, mesothorax antescutellum paululum excavato ; 
metathorace sericeo. 4l@ ample hyalinz, nervis et stigmate 
nigris, radice et squamula pallidis, areola parva. Pedes gra- 
ciles, anteriores pallide fulva, coxis et trochanteribus albis aut 
stramineis ; femoribus posticis fulvis aut rufis apice nigris, 
tarsis et tibiis nigris harum medio annulo fulvo. Abdomen 
elongatum sub-lanceolatum, segmento 1° maris petiolato sub- 
lineare apice macula flava; 2° nigro apice fulvo medio versus 
basin angulato, 3—4 maculis lateralibus et reliquis nigris. 
Segmento 1° feminz paulo latiore quam maris, apice obscure 
rufo; segmentis 2—4 rufo-castaneis utrimque maculis late- 
ralibus nigris, aculeo vix dimidii abdominis longitudine, 


pe 2 


212 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Wotes 


XVI. Notes on the British Species of Donacia. By G. R. 
Wareruouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &e. 


[Read 4th July, 1859.] 


Tue Donacee of our country bear, many of them, the names by 
which they are almost universally distinguished by the German 
and French Entomologists, but some few of them bear other 
names; some, again, have been separated as distinct species, which 
should not be so separated; and, lastly, some have been mistaken 
for continental species which we do not possess, though descrip- 
tions, compiled from foreign works (and not, therefore, taken 
from British specimens), have led to the erroneous idea that such 
species exist in England; and thus we find in such works as La- 
cordaire’s “* Phytophages” a wider geographical range given to 
certain species than they possess. D. angustata, D. obscura and 
D. brevicornis come under this category; at least, I can find no 
evidence that these species exist in England. I will now en- 
deavour to point out the leading distinguishing characters of our 
species, and offer such observations upon them as occur to me. 


I. Elytra more or less depressed, attenuated at the apex, and 
truncated at the extreme point. 
A. Posterior femora (in the males, at least) bidentate. 

Sp. 1. Larger and more depressed than the following 
three species; posterior femora but indistinctly 
incrassated, the teeth remote and placed one 
behind the other; thorax impunctate.—D. cras- 
sipes, Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord., &c. 

Found by myself in the London district on 
the leaves on the water-lily. 

2. Male with the posterior femora much incrassated 
(pale at the base), the teeth placed transversely ; 
thorax rather sparingly punctured ; interstices 
of the strize on the disc of the elytra smooth, 
or but little rugulose; third joint of antennz 
scarcely half as long again as the second.—D. 
bidens, Oliv., Gyll. (iii. 648), Lacord.; D. cincta, 
Germ., Gyll. (iv. 672}, Stephens. 

Found by myself in the London district. 


on the British Species of Donacia. 213 


3, Male with two tubercles on the basal segment 
of the abdomen; posterior femora moderately 
incrassate (entirely pale except on upper sur- 
face), the teeth placed one before the other, and 
somewhat approximated ; thorax punctured and 
thickly rugulose, as are also the interstices of 
the striz of the elytra; third joint of antennee 
twice as long as the second, or very nearly so: 
form more oblong than in preceding, and colour- 
ing more brilliant, i.e. golden-green, with the 
inner half of each elytron more or less tinged 
with cupreaus, whilst in preceding species the 
same part is often blackish.—D. dentata, Hoppe, 
Ahrens, Stephens, Lacordaire, &c. 

Found by myself in the London district. 

4. Posterior femora in male moderately incrassate, 
the teeth rather more approximated than in 
No. 3, and placed obliquely ; legs concolorous 
with the body; thorax scarcely punctured, but 
with numerous fine rugule ; punctures of strize 
of elytra less strong than in either of the preced- 
ing species ; third and fourth joints of antenne 
nearly equal.—D. Sparganii, Ahrens, Germar, 
Gyll., Lacordaire, &c.: D. angustata and D. 
Thalassina of Stephens’ Collection; but the de- 
scription in the “Illustrations” (iv. 269) be- 
longs, no doubt, to the true D. angustata of 
Kunzé, an insect which seems to be peculiar to 
Southern Europe. 

It is remarkable that the author of the «TII- 
lustrations,” with a considerable series of speci- 
mens in his collection (under the name “ angus- 
tata”), all of which have the legs entirely dark 
and concolorous with the body, should, in his 
description, have given the legs as “ rufo- 
testaceous.” 

Found by myself in the London district: 

B. Posterior femora of male unidentate. 
a. Third joint of antennz moderately long, 

5. Upper parts golden-green, with a broad cupreous 
band (parallel with, and close to the suture) on 
each elytron.—D. dentipes, Fab., Gyll., Steph., 
Lacord. 


214 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes 


b. Third joint of antennz short, but little longer than the 
second. 

6. Entirely golden-green above.—D. sagittaria, 
Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord. 

My specimens were taken at Covehithe, in 
Suffolk, by Mr. Brewer, in June. 

7. Rather more convex than the two preceding 
species; dullish aneous, with a longitudinal 
cupreous band close within the lateral margin of 
each elytron, and, generally, a short longitudinal 
band within this at the base. —D. Lemna, Fab., 
Gyll., Steph., Lacord. 

I have recently taken specimens in the Plum- 
stead marches. July. 

8. Elongate and narrow (resembling D. linearis); 
usually of a dullish frosted neous; posterior 
femora with an acute tooth; thorax rugosely 
punctured ; elytra with two oblong depressions 
on basal half.—D. Thalassina, Germ., Gyll., 
Lacord. Stephens’ Illustrations, iv. 272, 11, 
but not of Stephens’ Collection. The insect 
which there stands under the name “ T’halassina” 
is D. Sparganu. 

There are also other specimens of D.Thalassina 
in the cabinet alluded to, standing under the 
name D.obscura. The description of D. obscura 
in the “Illustrations,” however, is taken from 
Gyllenhal. 

My specimens are chiefly from Reigate, being 
given to me by Mr. Linnell. 

9. Less elongate than the preceding, less frosted or 
dull, being a little glossy ; the colour usually 
rather inclining to cupreous or cupro-zeneous ; 
the punctures of the thorax rather finer, but 
better defined, being less rugulose; elytra less 
strongly punctate-striate, and with four oblong 
depressions (the hinder pair in D. Thalassina 
are almost always very obsolete) ; posterior 
femora obscurely dentate.—D. impressa, Payk., 
Gyll., Lacord. Stephens’ Illustr. iv. 272, 12, 
but not of his Collection, where D. impressa is 
represented by a series of specimens of D. 
Thalassina, and one specimen of D. simplex. 


on the British Species of Donacia. 215 


D. impressa, however, is found in the Stephen- 
sian Collection under the name D. brevicornis. 
The description in the ‘ Illustrations” of D. 
brevicornis is evidently taken from Gyllenhal, 
and belongs to an insect which I have been un- 
able to identify among our British species. I 
possess a fine series of D. impressa from Reigate, 
for which I am indebted to Messrs. Linnell and 
Brewer. 
C. Femora unarmed. 

10. Elongate, narrow; above of an uniform frosted 
green, passing, in different individuals, through 
cupreous to purple: elytra simply truncated at 
the apex. —D. linearis, Hoppe, Gyllenh., Ahrens, 
Steph., Lacordaire. D. simplex, Fab., Sp. Ins. 
te 245, 2.3 Mant..1.. 157, 2); Panz. 

I have, in the present month (July), taken 
this insect near Hammersmith, and in the 
Plumstead marshes, plentifully. 

11. Elytra less attenuated at the apex than the pre- 
ceding, the extreme point emarginated, and 
leaving (usually) a slightly prominent’ outer 
angle: upper parts frosted golden-green, with 
a purple interrupted band running parallel with, 
and close to, the suture.—D. Typhe, Brahm in 
Ahrens, Nov. Act. Halens. 1. 3,.p. 37, 19; 
Kunzé; Gyll. iv. 680; Steph.; Lacord.— 
D. linearis, var, Gyll. iii. 663. 

I am indebted to Mr. Brewer for a series of 
specimens of this insect, which were taken this 
summer in the neighbourhood of Reigate. I 
found the insect myself, many years back, at 
Wandsworth Common. 

12. Form rather short, and less depressed than the 
preceding species; elytra somewhat ovate, ro- 
tundate-truncate at apex; upper parts golden- 
green, slightly glossy, with a cupreous band 
running parallel with and near the suture, never 
well defined, often indistinct, and even wanting. 
—D. simplex, Fab. Syst. El. ii. 129, 13; Gyll., 
Stephens, Lacordaire, &c. D. melanocephala 
(Leptura id. Marsham), Stephens. D. semi- 
cuprea, Panz., Fab., Redt. 


216 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes 


I formerly met with this insect in the moat 
round the palace at Fulham, and have recently 
received specimens from Mr. Brewer, taken at 
Covehithe, Suffolk. 

13. Elongate; general colour golden neous, but 
much hidden by an extremely short, and some- 
what dense whitish pubescence: elytra each 
rather rounded at the apex, scarcely truncate. — 
D. hydrocheridis, Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord. 

Specimens have been recently received by me 
from Reigate, where it has been taken by Messrs. 
Linnell and also by Mr. Brewer. 

Notre.—In the four preceding species the 
thighs are pale at the base, and the tibie are 
more or less pale in parts, but the greater por- 
tion of each leg is dark, concolorous with the 
body: the second and third joints of the antennze 
are rather short—shortest in D. simplex and 
Jeast abbreviated in D. hydrocheridis ; they have 
the thorax densely rugulose and punctured, but 
in D. hydrocheridis the sculpturing of this part 
is exceedingly fine. In the following species 
(No. 14) the legs are pale (i.e. rufo-testaceous), 
and the third joint of the antennz is elongated, 
and very nearly equal to the fourth. 

14. Elongate; golden-green, glossy; thorax very 
sparingly punctured and scarcely rugulose.—D. 
Menyanthidis, Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord. 

II. Body convex; elytra, together, rounded at the apex; posterior 
femora unidentate. 
A. Legs concolorous with the body; feet narrow. 

15. Above usually of one colour, but with this colour 
extremely variable, passing, in different indi- 
viduals, from golden-green to green, blue-green, 
blue and black; or to aneous, cupreous and 
purple.—D. sericea (Leptura id.), Linn., Hlig., 
Gyll., Lacordaire: D. Proteus and D. micans, 
Steph. 

Found in the London district, though spar- 
ingly, according to my own experience: | have 
recently taken it near Hammersmith, and in the 
Plumstead marshes. Extremely abundant (for- 
merly at least) in the Fens of Cambridgeshire. 


on the British Species of Donacia. 217 


B. Legs pale; abdomen more or less rufo-testaceous ; feet 
broad. - 

16. Elongate (length from 43 lines to upwards of 5 
lines); black, often with a slight zeneous, or 
blueish tint, especially on the thorax ; this latter 
distinctly, and rather sparingly punctured, es- 
pecially on the disc, which is glossy.—D. nigra, 
Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord. 

I have during the present month met with this 
insect very sparingly on reeds in the Plumstead 
Marshes ; and I possess a fine series, from Mr. 
Brewer, taken at Southwold. 

17. Shortish (length from 33 to rather more than 4 
lines); thorax rather thickly punctured. 

Nore.—We find together smaller individuals 
of a blackish colour, with an obscure zeneous 
tint, and in which the interstices of the strize of 
the elytra are even, and scarcely rugulose; the 
thorax contracted behind : others, usually larger, 
of a frosted golden zneous colour, with the 
punctate strize of the elytra stronger, the in- 
terstices somewhat convex, and distinctly trans- 
versely rugulose; thorax quadrate. The former 
is no doubt the true D. affinis, Kunzé, Lacordaire, 
&c.; of the latter I have several times seen 
specimens from the Continent bearing the name 
“discolor,” but I suspect it is merely the female 
of the, usually, blackish insect, which has the 
antennz rather longer. With regard to the D. 
discolor of Hoppe, that insect is said to have the 
thorax sub-cordate, a character which does not 
apply to our insect, which is the D. rustica of 
Stephens. 


Note.—Since the above was communicated to the Society, I have seen two 
specimens of a Donacia (from Scotland), in the collection of Dr. Power, which 
greatly resemble the D. Lemne, but which are of an uniform dull bronze colour, 
and have the tooth to the hinder femur decidedly stronger: they are, no doubt, 
the D. obscura of Gyllenhal, vol. iti., p. 654. The species should follow D. 
Lemne. 


VOL. V. N.S. PART VI.—JULY, ] 860. Qa 


218 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Vote 


XVII. Note on the Habits of Scolytide and Bostrichide. 
By Atrrep R. Watiace, Esq., Corr. Memb. 
Ent. Soc. 


[Read December Sth, 1859.} 


TuErRE seems to be much difference of opinion among Entomo- 
logists as to whether the little wood-boring beetles of the families 
Scolytide and Bostrichide do really injure and destroy trees, or 
whether they only attack such as are already diseased and _par- 
tially dead from some other cause. Believing that the habits of 
the exotic species will help to clear up this question, I beg to 
offer a few observations on those which I have met with in the 
Malayan Archipelago. 

The species of these islands are not generally larger than those 
of Europe, a great number being about a line in length, and the 
largest only five lines. They appear to be very numerous in 
species, about twenty generally occurring in each locality I have 
visited, while at Dorey, in New Guinea, I captured no less than 
thirty-eight distinct species, about equally divided between the 
two families. I have taken about half of these in the house, 
whenever I have inhabited one newly built in the forest, as at 
Macassar and Dorey, and the rest under bark in various stages of 
decay, or flying about fallen trees. Every species has been taken 
invariably on or in the vicinity of cut or dead trees. Never in 
the course of five years, almost daily spent in the forests, have I 
seen a single individual of either of these families attacking 
healthy living trees, or have found any traces of them having 
bored into such trees. 

On the other hand, whenever a tree falls or is cut down, they 
are the first to attack it. In about four or five days dozens of 
minute holes may be seen on the trunk and branches, from each 
of which a little fine wood-dust falls down, and on carefully 
watching we may generally discover some of the insects pushing 
out the dust with the truncate extremity of the elytra. In some 
trees I have detected two or three species at work, in others only 
one. Some of the smallest attack cut and drying bamboos, 
others bore into hard dry boleti. No doubt, however, there are 
species that attack several trees indiscriminately. I had cut down 


on the Habits of Scolytide and Bostrichide. 219 


a large tree in the Aru Islands, of a kind containing abundance 
of milky sap, which hardened on exposure to air very much like 
“ gutta percha.” A few days after I found on it dozens of 
a species of Scolytide, with their abdomens protruding from the 
holes they had bored, but all dead. With a remarkable deficiency 
both of instinct and reason, the little creatures had dug their own 
graves, and were all glued fast by the hardening of the milky 
sap. Ina few days more there were hundreds so killed; indeed 
it appeared as if not one escaped. It seems evident, therefore, 
that this tree could not have been the proper food of this species, 
or the right place to deposit its eggs. I have since observed 
exactly the same occurrence in another locality. 

In my hut in the Macassar forest, built for me of freshly cut 
bamboos, palms and timber, the Scolyti, §c. literally swarmed. 
In a little more than a month, several pints of wood dust, as fine 
as flour, had accumulated on the foot of the posts and on some of 
the beams. In the stillness of evening their never ceasing jaws 
could plainly be heard at work, producing a slight sharp creak. 
In this house I took almost all my Macassar species. 

Now these facts lead us to conclude that the Bostrichi and 
Scolyti attack only dead wood, generally in the first stage of 
drying or decay; for if their proper and usual food was living 
wood, why should they all rush as to a feast directly a tree is cut 
and begins to dry ? 

It may be said there are other species that attack living trees, 
but the negative evidence is very strong against such a suppo- 
sition, which is besides altogether a gratuitous and unnecessary 
assumption if not supported by direct evidence. In five years’ 
search after insects in the eastern forests I] have never met with 
one, and the thousand sharp eyes of European Entomologists do 
not appear to have been more successful. This is the more ex- 
traordinary, as it is evident that a tree cannot be injured or killed 
in a moment; weeks, perhaps months, would be required before 
any part of the wood or bark would become actually dead, and 
during all this time the little round holes that the insects bore, 
and the wood-dust that has no other exit, must be easily dis- 
covered. 

I am led, therefore, to conclude that the Scolyti, &c. attack 
wood in which the vital forces have ceased to act; and they are 
able to detect this before any external change has taken place. 
It is only at a later period that we observe the tree to be suffering, 
and in the parts most affected we discover the Scolyti to have been 
at work, and erroneously impute the mischief to them. As well 

az 


220 Mr. A.R. Wallace on Scolytide and Bostrichide. 


might we impute the death of an animal to the flies and their larve 
which a few hours afterwards attack it. 

It now becomes a question whether the supposed criminals are 
not really our benefactors,—teaching us, by their presence, that there 
is something wrong, before we could otherwise perceive it. We 
may then be induced to inquire into the state of the soil or of the 
atmosphere, and be led to examine what diseases or what enemies 
may be at work on the roots or on the foliage of our trees as the 
points most likely for decay and death to originate in. Let us not 
forget that noble maxim of English law,—that every one is to be 
considered innocent till he is proved guilty ; since it is just possible 
that further inquiry may discover, in the much-abused Scolytus, a 
warning friend instead of an insidious enemy. 


XVIII. Descriptions of South African Tineina collected by 
R. Trimen, Esq., in 1858-9, By H.T. Srarnron, 
Esgq., F.L.S., &c. 


{Read February 6th, 1860.] 


Mr. Trimen not having specially attended to the Micro-Le- 
pidoptera in this country before his departure for the Cape of 
Good Hope, I had not anticipated that he would have brought 
back with him any representatives of the South African Tneina. 
But in this respect I have been agreeably disappointed. Mr. Tri- 
men brought home three species of the genus Jinea, two of the 
long-horned group, and two of the genus Hyponomeuta. 

The three Tinee are all new species; of the Jong-horns, one 
(Adela Natalensis) 1 had already obtained from Herr Guenzius, 
who collected for some time at Natal; and the other species, 
which is the type of a new genus, had already been described by 
Zeller, under the name of Ceromitia Wahlbergi, from specimens 
collected by Wahlberg in Caffraria. One of the Hyponomeute 
likewise appears to have been described by Zeller, but the other 
seems to be new. Among Mr. Trimen’s captures were one or 
two other Tineina, but they were not in a state to be described. 
Mr. Trimen also brought home several Tortricina of interesting 
forms, but I have restricted myself solely here to the represen- 
tatives of my own groups. 


Mr. H. T. Stainton on South African Tineina. 221 


The species I proceed to describe briefly are— 
1. Tinea rutilicostella, n. sp. 
2. Tinea Gigantella, n. sp. 
3. Tinea purpurea, n. sp. 
4. Adela Natalensis, n. sp. 
5. Ceromitia Wahlbergi, Zeller. 
6. Hyponomeuta fumigatus, Zeller, 
7. Hyponomeuta Africanus, n. sp. 
I trust that when Mr. Trimen next visits us, he will bring back 
some more species of interest. 


1. Tinea rutilicostella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis saturate brunneis, vitta dorsali lutea, macula disci 
hyalinali, costa pone medium angustissime lutea. 


Exp. al. 8 lin. 

Allied to Tinea Ferruginella, but larger and darker; the edge 
of the dorsal streak more of a straight line; but the most dis- 
tinctive character is the edge of the costa being yellow beyond 
the middle, as in 7. Jmella. 

A specimen was taken at light in November, at Knysna. 


2. Tinea Gigantella, n. sp. 


Alis anticis luteo-ochraceis, parum nitidis, immaculatis; alis 

posticis griseis, luteo-ciliatis. 

Exp. al. 1 m. ‘1 lin. 

Allied to Tinea Biselliella, but of gigantic proportions, being 
far larger than Tinea ochraceella. From both those species it is 
readily distinguished by the more yellow tinge of the anterior 
wings and by the bright yellow cilia of the posterior wings. 

Two specimens were taken at light in February, at Knysna, 


3. Tinea purpurea, n. sp. 


Alis anticis sordide zeneis, vix purpureo tinctis immaculatis ; 

alis posticis dilute purpureis ; capite luteo. 

Exp. al. 9 lin. 

Not closely allied to any known species; the purplish hind 
wings remind one of TZ. misella; but the unspotted anterior 
wings of a dull bronzy colour, slightly tinged with purple, 
abundantly distinguish it from that species. 

One specimen taken at Knysna in October, sitting on the 
blossom of a composite plant (Senecio?). 


292 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions 


4. Adela Natalensis, n. sp. 
Alis anticis brunneis, fascia sub-obliqua dilute-lutea ante me- 
dium, macula costali lutea pone medium ; capite fusca. 

Exp. al. 7 lin. 

Readily distinguished from all the known long-horns by the 
oblique fascia and costal spot, 

I first obtained specimens of this from Herr Guenzius, at 
Natal. Mr. Trimen met with several specimens at Knysna, in 
February. 


5. Ceromitia Wahlbergi, Zeller. 

Alis anticis niveis, parum griseo-irroratis, fasciis tribus obliquis 
aureo-luteis, quarum duz posteriores inter se cohzrent; 
capite ac thorace niveis. 

Exp. al. 23 lin. 

This pretty species is described by Zeller in his Lepidoptera 
Microptera of Caffraria. Though it has so completely the facies 
of a Nemophora, the structure of the hardly perceptible palpi at 
once shows that it is generically distinct, and Zeller has done 
wisely to construct for it a new genus, Ceromitia. 

Several specimens were taken by Mr. Trimen at Plettenberg 
Bay in January ; they were flying amongst rushes at sunset. 


6. Hyponomeuta fumigatus, Zeller. 

Alis anticis fumidis, punctis triseriatis ex basi atris, plica albida, 
fascia postica albida ante puncta 5 sparsa marginem posticum 
versus; alis posticis nigris, vix dilutius ciliatis. 

Exp. al. 1 m. 1 lin. 

A specimen I have before me appears to agree with the Fu- 
migatus described by Zeller in his Microptera of Caffraria, only 
a white dash runs along the fold and a whitish fascia ‘precedes the 
hind margin. Probably, as in the same genus with us, the species 
is liable to vary ; the black hind wing leads me to believe that 
the specimen collected by Mr. Trimen is really the Fumigatus of 
Zeller. ! 

One specimen was beaten from a tall shrub at Knysna, in 
January. 


7. Hyponomeuta Africanus, n. sp. 

Alis anticis niveis, punctis quinque seriatis a basi nigris, maculis 
duabus cinereis, altera in medio dorsi obliqua, altera minore 
ad angulum analem; alis posticis dilute cinereis. 

Exp. al. 94 lin. 

Not closely allied to any known species ; distinguished by the 


of South African Tineina. 223 


whiteness of the anterior wings, the large size of the spots and 
the two grey blotches, the first of which placed obliquely near the 
middle, the second at the anal angle. 

One specimen was taken at Knysna, in January. 


XIX. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon 
Valley. By H. W. Barzs, Esq., Cor. Memb, Ent. 


Soe. 


Part I. Diurnat LEPIDOPTERA. 
[Read March Sth, 1860.] 


In treating of the Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley in the 
present and subsequent papers, I shall have to speak of the region, 
investigated by myself during eleven years’ travel and residence, 
as divided into three great districts; viz. Upper Amazon, Lower 
Amazon and Para. It will be necessary, therefore, to commence 
with defining the limits of these sub-divisions, and adducing some 
of the reasons for establishing them. The Upper Amazon, then, 
is that portion of the Valley which, commencing at the eastern 
foot of the Andes, near the mouth of the Huallaga, in 70° W. long., 
extends on the north side to the right bank of the river Negro in 
about 59°; and on the south side to the left bank of the Madeira 
in 58° 20’ W. long. The Lower Amazon commences at these 
points, and extends, on the north side, to the mouth of the river 
at Macapa, and on the south to the left bank of the Xing, in 
about 52° W. long. The Para district, comprising the southern 
half of the Delta of the Amazon, begins at the right bank of the 
Xing and terminates at the mouth of the river near Para in 
48° W. long., including the southern and eastern shores of the 
island of Marajo. 

The three districts thus defined, although forming one and the 
same river valley, presenting a range of latitude of at most not more 
than three or four degrees, offer a great diversity in their Zoolo- 
gical productions. If we take as an example the distribution 
of the species of the first and most conspicuous group of Diurnal 
Lepidoptera, —the genus Papilio,—we shall find the following 
data :— 


Total number of species and distinct local sub- 
species .. Ae as ae ak Pen 


224 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


Common to all three districts (seven being widely 


distributed neo-tropical species) on sas oD 
Common to Upper and Lower Amazon only .. 4 
ia Lower Amazon and Para .. a5 5 
Peculiar to Upper Amazon oe 45 Ae ples 
5s Lower Amazon 44 oe ee 2 

- Para... a ae a ore 8 


This result in an extent of country offering no great natural 
barriers to Zoological distribution, situated within the same 
parallels of latitude, and offering a great uniformity of mean 
temperature (about 81° Fahr.), will be contrary to the precon- 
ceived notions of most Zoologists on the subject. The whole 
country, too, presents no diversity of elevation, so contrary to 
other wide continental regions, and the rise from the Atlantic 
towards the Andes is so slight, that at Tabatinga, 1,500 miles 
from the mouth of the river, the height is only 650 feet above the 
sea level. But, in fact, there are other minor climatal conditions 
which operate, obscurely, but not less effectively, in influencing 
the animal and vegetable population of a country ; and these it is 
the proper business of a faunist to point out. In the first place, 
the high lands of Guiana on the north, and of central Brazil 
on the south, towards the middle part of the Lower Amazons, 
approximate the banks of the river. They not only diminish the 
breadth of the river valley and the extent of the alluvial low 
lands, but they furnish from the detritus of their own igneous 
rocks a lighter and less prolific soil than that of the rich alluvial 
plains of the Upper Amazon and Paré. Through the soil the 
vegetation is affected; the forests are not only less dense and 
lower in height, but composed of a different class of trees. 
Through the soil and the scanty nature of the forests the meteo- 
rological forces are affected. The dry and the wet seasons are 
far more strongly contrasted here than in the other parts of the 
Amazon's course. Whilst at Para or at Ega there is never a long 
uninterrupted dry season, rain falling more or less throughout ; 
at Santarem and Villa Nova there is a season of always four, 
sometimes six months, without a shower ; the dry woods become 
parched, and the periodical phenomena in animal and vegetable 
life present different features from those of the other two dis- 
tricts. The hills which compose the two ranges of highlands 
here alluded to are, however, of very small elevation; they are 
highest between Monte Alegre and Almeirim, below Santarem, 
where they form a line of flat-topped ridges or truncated pyra- 
mids, sometimes bare, sometimes wooded; and with the mag- 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 225 


nificent river, here three to four miles broad, form, what the 
botanical traveller Poeppig, who describes with so much feeling 
the scenery of the Andes in crossing the continent, ‘ eine un- 
beschreiblich herrliche Landschaft.” Westward they terminate 
on the north at the mouth of the Trombetas, although the elevated 
land extends as far as the Rio Negro. On the south the hills are 
conspicuous only along the coast, extending about 100 miles below 
Santarem; westward the high undulating country continues at 
some distance from the river, past Villa Nova to the banks of 
the Madeira. The whole of this district, however, is not quite 
uniform in its physical features. In the low lands and the islands 
in mid-river, especially at the mouths of the rivers, the soil and the 
forests are very similar to those of the other two regions ; but the 
general character of the country is such as I have described, and 
its zoological characters equally peculiar. The Upper Amazons 
and Para, as we have seen, have more resemblance with each 
other, in their physical features, than either have with the Lower 
Amazons. Both have extremely humid climates and a uniform 
low land. The amount of rain which falls in either is probably 
nearly alike, but the seasons are rather differently apportioned ; 
a circumstance which must affect in some degree animal life. The 
Para region, too, is within the influence of the tides ; daily the low 
lands are twice saturated with humidity. The Upper Amazon, on 
the contrary, has only the periodical rise and fall of the river; 
six months’ ebb and six months’ flow. During the one season 
the soil is left free from humidity, and during the other thoroughly 
saturated with it. Para is affected by the daily sea breeze, 
whilst the Upper Amazon has a generally stagnant, sultry air, or 
winds of inconstant direction and short duration. The soil, too, 
is generally much lighter and more sandy in the Para district than 
on the Upper Amazon, where it is wholly composed of clay and 
humus. The breadth of the alluvial plain of the Upper Amazon 
must be far greater than that of any other part of this great river 
valley ; and throughout the whole region there is the same uni- 
formity of soil and climate. Its insect fauna is very rich, con- 
taining many species peculiar to itself. The individuals of the 
species common to it and the Lower Amazon or Pard are generally 
larger and more brilliantly coloured, or are subject to remarkable 
variations, whilst very constant in the other districts. Another 
feature of its fauna is the resemblance to that of the Andean valleys 
of Bogota and Bolivia, a resemblance which increases with every 
100 miles in ascending the river. It is well known that the rich- 
ness of colour, variety of form and number of species of Diurnal 
Lepidoptera, already so great along the Atlantic coasts of South 


226 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


America, increase as we approach the eastern slopes of the Andes 
and culminate in the neighbourhood of Bogota. There is a 
feature in the atmospheric conditions of this region which ought 
to be noticed in connection with this subject. Lieutenant Herndon 
(the American traveller) and M. de Castelnau found on the eastern 
side of the Peruvian Andes that the barometer and point of boil- 
ing water became uncertain guides in the measurement of alti- 
tudes. Lieutenant Herndon found that the boiling point at Nauta 
in Peru gave only 434 feet of elevation above the sea level, and 
that in descending the Amazons it increased, until, at Ega, the 
result was 2,052 feet, decreasing thence gradually to the Atlantic. 
As this result is evidently erroneous, he concludes that there is a 
great increase of atmospheric pressure towards the foot of the 
Andes. This phenomenon must have its weight in considering the 
local conditions as affecting the features of the fauna of the district. 

With regard to the relations of the Amazonian fauna to that of 
other regions of tropical America, I can say very little at present. 
It has been classed,* together with Columbia, as one province. 
It has most affinity with that of Guiana and less with that of South 
Brazil. Recurring again for illustration to the genus Papilio, after 
deducting nine widely distributed Neo-tropical species, eleven of 
the remaining thirty-two are identical with Guiana species, and 
five others may be considered as local sub-species of Guiana forms. 
Three only of the thirty-two are found in Brazil, from Pernam- 
buco southwards, and four in Venezuela. The proportion of these 
thirty-two local species found in New Granada I cannot at present 
ascertain. 

In compiling the catalogue of species, I shall make as few 
alterations as possible in the nomenclature of previous authors ; 
the chief innovations will be in the determination of the sexes, 
I have been constrained to adopt the principle of treating every 
distinct and constant local variety as a separate form; giving 
it a separate name, but pointing out always what I have thought 
to be its true relation to the allied species. I have found it 
quite impossible to enter into considerations on the geographical 
distribution of the species without adopting this principle; for 
when all local varieties (sometimes incorrectly considered so) are 
forced together under one name and one definition, I think we 
cannot come to any just conclusions regarding the true relations of 
species, or make comparisons between different faunas. In fol- 
lowing out this system many curious and interesting facts in geo- 
graphical distribution come out in greater prominence. One is 
the very different degree of variability of different species, in the 

* Woodward’s Recent and Ancient Fossil Shells, map and p. 402. 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 227 


same genus, when distributed over a wide extent of country, and 
subjected to different local conditions. For instance, of three 
allied species of Morpho, one (Helenor, Cram.) is found without 
any variation at three stations, in 48°, 56°, and 65° long. The 
second (M. Menelaus, L. Cram.) is constant from 48° to 56°, but 
becomes changed (both sexes) into a well marked and constant 
variety at 65°; and thence further westward, so completely 
changed that no individual occurs of the typical form of the 
species. The third (MM. Achilles, Cram.) becomes changed from 
48° to 56°, and the variety thus produced continues further 
westward to the exclusion of the type. In another class of 
species the varieties are not so clearly marked; sometimes a 
species is quite constant throughout all its individuals in one 
locality, whilst excessively variable in another, the typical indi- 
viduals being ina minority, and ina third completely changed into 
a well marked and tolerably constant variety. In some species 
and genera the varieties thus produced would be classed by En- 
tomologists, without dissent, as mere varieties and without a dis- 
tinguishing name, and thus, in systematic works, the fact becomes 
lost to science. In other species, however, the change becomes 
so great, under the influence however of the same local conditions 
as the former case, that no difference of opinion would occur as to 
their being distinct species. In the following catalogue the nature 
of these different relations between the species will be mentioned 
under the head of each. 


Gen, Papitio of authors. 
Group, 1. P. Crassus, and allies. 


The species of this group I place first, on account of their evident affinity 
with the Ornithoplere of Eastern Asia. They have the same stout antennae, with 
gradually formed, moderately strong, nearly straight club; simitar broad and 
strong abdominal fold to the hind wings, and pale coloured abdomen in the 
males. If this relationship be correct, we see how far more highly developed the 
type has become in the favoured lands of the Eastern Archipelago than in the 
same latitudes of America. The males of the American species have a bold 
powerful flight, are seldom seen in the shade of the woods, and are attracted by 
the moisture on the sandy and muddy shores of the rivers, brooks and pools. 
The females are oftener seen at flowers on the borders of the forest. 


P. Crassus, Cram. 112 C., and authors. 


g and Q. The female does not differ in colours of the wings from the male. 
The species occurs without any considerable variation from Rio Janeiro to 
Surinam. It is rare at Para, but is an abundant species at St. Paulo on the 
Upper Amazon. 


P. Belus, Cram. 112 A. B. 


The ¢@ of this species is very well figured by Cramer. Fabricius and Godart 
confounded it with P. Lycidas (of which P. Erymanthus is the %) and P. 
Numitor, Boisduval (Sp. Gen. p. 315) professes to describe the 9, but I doubt 
whether he had the true Belus before him when he drew up the description. He 
gives, as a character of the 9, the row of pale spots accompanying the red 
lunules of the under surface of the hind wing ; but I find that individuals of the 


228 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions. 


male sex have this character; he says also that the abdomen is ‘sometimes 
whitish and sometimes blackish ;’’ but, in fact, the white colour of the abdomen 
is proper tothe g alone. In Boisduval’s collection, a specimen of 9 Lycidas 
stands as P. Belus, Cramer. Belus differs from Lycidas, both g¢ and Q, in 
many points. The dark, almost uniform bronzed-fuscous colour of the fore wings, 
and the concolorous abdominal fold of the hind wings (the latter character very well 
shown in Cramer’s figures) are two of the principal points of distinction. Lycidas 
has, in both sexes, a long stripe of a pale yellow colour along the inner side of 
the abdominal fold. Belus occurs in its typical form on the Amazon, only in the 
upper region, According to Cramer it is found also at Surinam. In other parts 
of tropical America, from South Brazil to Mexico, it appears to be transformed 
into a number of strongly-marked local sub-species. Itisa rapid and bold flyer, 
and not an abundant species. 


P. Varus, Kollar, Beitr. Ins. Fauna, N. Gran. t. 1, f. 3, 4? 


I captured a specimen (and saw many others) of a Q Papilio, which resembles 
very much the figure given by Kollar; at flowers on the borders of the forest at 
Ega, on the upper Amazon. I suspect it to be the 9 of Belus. The true Belus, 
however, I have not yet seen from New Granada, the locality of Kollar’s insect. 
A local representative, or sub-species of Belus, the P. Laodamas of Felder (Wien. 
Ent. Monatschr. iii. t. 8, f. 1), however, comes abundantly in collections from 
that country. It is possible that the P. Vaurus is the @ of Laodamas, in which 
case the females of the two allied forms will resemble each other more than do 
their respective males. 


P. Numitor, Cram. 113 B. 


This is the local form, or sub-species of Belus, which appears to take its place 
in the Para district ; in the same way as Luodamas does in the Andean valleys of 
New Granada. Cramer’s figure is not sufficient to characterize the species. On 
this account, as well as to distinguish it from P. Laodamas, I add a short descrip- 
tion of it. g@ rather smaller than P. Belus. Fore wing pointed, outer margin 
very nearly straight ; bronzed-fuscous, with a silky gloss ; beneath brown, spotless. 
Hind wing above dark green, glossy; outer margin darker green, with a sub- 
marginal row of four or five angular lunules of the ground colour of the wing ; 
a large, oblong, obliquely-truncated, yellowish-white spot in the middle of the 
costa, and a row of six smaller, rounded, powdery spots of the same colour across 
the middle of the wing between the nervures and a little exterior to the cell; be- 
neath dark-brown, with a sub-marginal row of seven large, rounded, sub-luoular 
red spots, broadly margined with black. Inside of abdominal fold concolorous, 
as in P, Belus. Body and fringe of the wings as in P. Belus. 


P. Lycidas, Cram. 113 A. 2 ; 113 C. & (P. Erymanthus). 


The male found at Para, on the borders of rivulets, in the forest and at Ega, 
abundantly at the commencement of the ebb season, viz. in June and July, in 
company with P. Belus. It differs from Belus, besides the white stripe within the 
abdominal fold, by the lighter, clearer green colour of the fore wings, which are 
darker only along the basal half of the costa. The fore wings are also more 
produced at the tip. The pale spot of the costa of hind wings is small, rounded 
and placed near the external angle of the wing. ‘There is, in some specimens, 
a row of small pale spots across the middle of the hind wing ; varieties strongly 
marked in this respect would agree with Cramer’s description of Numitor (vol. i. 
p- 25), did not his figure show the concolorous abdominal fold. The 9? I have 
seen in Dr. Boisduval’s collection ; it agrees very well with Cramer's figure, 
113 A ; the specimen was from Cayenne. The species is therefore now known 
from Surinam, Cayenne and the most humid parts of the forests of the Amazons, 
I have not seen it from any other part of America. 


P. Polydamas, Lin. Cram. 211 D. E. and authors. 


A species widely distributed in Tropical America, being found from Rio 
Janeiro to Nicaragua. On the Amazons it frequents gardens and semi-cultivated 
or neglected grounds, making it probable that it, as well as many other species of 
the same habits and same wide distribution, have been introduced with the 
clearing of the forests by man, 


( 229 ) 


XX. Notes on the Geographical Distribution of the British 
Butterflies. By H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.LS., &c. 


[Read December 5th, 1859.] 


Ir has been calculated that there are not less than 50,000 
different species of Lepidoptera on the globe. More than 3,000 
species of Butterflies are already known, and it has been com- 
puted that the Moths are 16 times as numerous. 

In this country the proportion of Moths is much greater, being 
nearly 30 tol; but then we are remarkable throughout Europe 
for our poverty in Butterflies. 

As already observed, in the whole world 3,000 species of But- 
terflies are already known; of these only one-tenth occur in 
Europe, the tropical parts of Asia and America being by far 
the most richly populated with this beautiful tribe of insects. 

In Central Europe or Germany 186 species of Butterflies have 
been observed ; the remaining 120 European species being pe- 
culiar to Spain, Italy, Greece, Russia, or Lapland. 

Of the German species, 94 occur in Belgium, but only 65 in 
England ; though we possess one species, E'rebia Cassiope, which 
does not occur in Belgium. 

All the British Butterflies occur in England, but little more than 
half (33) are found in Scotland, and scarcely more in Ireland. 

Twenty-five species may be considered as generally distributed 
and common; but it should not be understood that these are 
everywhere to be met with, but simply that their geographical 
range is not limited, and that where they find suitable localities we 
may expect to meet with them, from Norfolk to Killarney, and 
from the Isle of Wight to Caithness. Some frequent gardens, 
some meadows, some heaths, some woods, and some hedge rows 
and lanes. 

Twenty-five other species, which all occur in the south-east of 
England, thin out as we advance northward and westwards; only 
5 of them occurring in Scotland, only 14 in Ireland. 

Three species, two of which are common in the mountainous 
part of Scotland, do not occur at all in the south of England. 

Seven species are local to particular limited districts in the 


Midland Counties or south of England. 


230 ‘ Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Votes on the 


Three species of rare occurrence in this country must be looked 
on as stragglers from the Continent; one of these, Vanessa An- 
ttopa, has occurred in the south-west of Scotland and at Dunbar. 

Two other species, which formerly occurred in restricted Eng- 
lish localities, now appear to be extinct there. 

It has been observed (in the Entomologische Zeitung for 1850), 
by Dr. Speyer, who has devoted considerable time: to the sub- 
ject of the geographical distribution of the Butterflies of Ger- 
many, that the number of species there decreases from east to 
west, and from south to north; but the latter circumstance is 
partly owing to the configuration of the country, the Alps being 
particularly rich in Butterflies. 

That Butterflies are not regularly distributed according to lati- 
tude is evinced by the simple fact that in Lapland, which is situated 
considerably further north than the Shetland Isles, they have 
enumerated 77 species, whereas Scotland only boasts of 34. 

Silesia, on the eastern side of Germany, but in the same latitude 
as Belgium, has 124 species ; about a third more than Belgium, 
which only numbers 94. Berlin, though further north than Paris, 
has more species of Butterflies, the numbers being 96 and 89; 
and the neighbourhood of Berlin is, as any traveller can testify, 
very monotonous and not particularly likely to yield any extra 
variety of forms. 

In the same way we find that there are fewer species of Butter- 
flies in the western counties of England than in the eastern 
counties. 

Dr. Speyer has suggested that the more continental character 
of the climate of Eastern. Germany, the greater cold in winter 
and greater heat in summer, was favourable to the development of 
Butterfly life, and tended therefore to account for the greater 
number of species there. This theory is certainly corroborated 
by the distribution of the species with us; their maximum is 
reached in those portions of England which have the most conti- 
nental climate. 

In respect of the species peculiar to moors and mountains it is 
needful to bear in mind that it is not latitude that affects their 
distribution, but the position of the mountain chains of sufficient 
elevation. Thus the London Entomologist travels north to obtain 
species which an Entomologist at Brussels would seek in the 
south ; and even in Ireland an Entomologist would need to go 
southwards to obtain species in Kerry which an Edinburgh Ento- 
mologist would seek in the Highlands. 


| 


Geographical Distribution of the British Butterflies. 231 


Though Cenonympha Davus is unknown in southern England, 
simply because we have no boggy mosses there, yet in Bavaria we 
meet with mosses similar to Chat Moss, near Manchester, and 
there this insect is again abundant. 

From a comparison of the species which occur in Ireland with 
those found in Scotland, it appears that all the 25 generally 
common species occur in Scotland, though 3, Argynnis Selene and 
Euphrosyne and Thymele Alveolus, have not yet been detected in 
Ireland. Of the more southern forms 14 occur in Ireland, but 
only 5-in Scotland. On the other hand, one of the mountain 
species common in Scotland, Erebea Blandina, has not yet been 
found in Ireland ; and one straggler, Vanessa Antiopa, has occurred 
in Scotland, but not in Ireland. 

In short, 6 species, Adippe, Selene, Euphrosyne, Alveolus, Blan- 
dina and Antiopa, occur in Scotland and not in Ireland. 

On the other hand, 11 species, Hyale; Rhamni, Sinapis, Tithonus, 
Athalia, Lucina, Betule, Argiolus, Gigon, Sylvanus and Linea, 
occur in Ireland, but not in Scotland. 

Five families of Butterflies occur with us, two of which are sub- 
divided into sub-families. 

Thus the first family, Papiliontde, is divided into Papilionidi 
and Pieridi. 

The second family, Nymphalidae, is divided into Satyridi, 
Nymphalidi, Vanessidi and Argynnidi. 

The three remaining families are H'rycinide (of which it is re- 
markable that we have only a single representative in Europe), 
Lycenide and Hesperide. 

From the accompanying table it will be seen how these families 
are respectively distributed in England, Scotland and Ireland. 

The 25 general and common species are thus distributed 
amongst the families :— 

4 Pieridi......Pieris Brassice, P. Rape, P. Napi and Antho- 

charis Cardamines. 

6 Satyridi ....Lasiommala Algeria, L. Megera, Hipparchia 
Semele, H. Janira, H. Hyperanthus, Coeno- 
nympha Pamphilus. 

3 Vanessidi....Vanessa Urtice, V. Atalanta and Cynthia Cardui. 

4 Argynnidi ..Melitea Artemis, Argynnis Aglaia, Euphrosyne 
and Selene. 

6 Lycenide ..Thecla Quercus, T. Rubi, Chrysophanus Phileas, 
Polyommatus Alsus, P. Alexis and P. Agestis. 

2 Hesperide ..Thymele Alveolus and Thanaos Tages. 


232 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s (Votes on the 


The 25 more southern species are as follows :— 

5 Pieridi......Gonepteryx Rhamni, Colias Edusa, C. Hyale, 
Aporia Crategi and Leucophasia Sinapis. 

2 Satyridi ....Arge Galathea and Hipparchia Tithonus. 

2 Nymphalidi . . Limenitis Sibylla and Apatura Iris. 

3 Vanessidi .... Vanessa Io, V. Polychloros and Grapta C. Album. 

3 Argynnidi .. Argynnis Paphia, A. Adippe, Melitea Athalia. 

1 Erycinide ..Nemeobius Lucina. 

6 Lycenide ..Thecla Betule, T. W. Album, Polyommatus 
Argiolus, P. Corydon, P. Adonis and P. 
(gon. 

3 Hesperide ..Pamphila Linea, P. Sylvanus and P. Comma. 


Of these 25, one species, Vanessa Jo, attains the latitude of 
Edinburgh, on the eastern side of our island, and occurs right 
across the country, having been found at Falkirk and Renfrew. 
I have been informed that a specimen has even occurred at 
Aberdeen, but that must be looked on as an accidental straggler. 

Of the remaining 24, 7 stop short at Darlington, 9 at York and 
8 at Peterborough. That is, these are, speaking roundly, their 
northern limits on the eastern side of the island. Several of them 
travel further north on our western shores; thus Colias Edusa, 
which is unknown at Newcastle-on-Tyne, has appeared in Dum- 
friesshire, Ayrshire, and in the Island of Arran; and Argynnis 
Paphia, which has not actually occurred quite as far north as 
Darlington, has been observed at Arrochar, and even in the 
neighbourhood of Rannoch. 

Perhaps it may be interesting to trace on the map the northern 
limits of these more southern species, thus :-— 

Vanessa Io....++++++.-Edinburgh, Falkirk, Renfrew, Arran 
(1 at Aberdeen). 

Gonepteryx Rhamni....Darlington, Kendal and Windermere. 

Colias Edusa ...+.+++~Darlington, Castle Eden Dene, Dum- 
fries, Ayr and Arran. 

Grapta C. Album......Darlington, Castle Eden Dene, Car- 
lisle. 

74 Argynnis Paphia......Scarborough, Richmond, Carlisle (1 

Arrochar, 1 Grampians). 

Hipparchia Tithonus ..Darlington, Morpeth, Lake District. 

Polyommatus Argiolus. .Newcastle, Darlington, Carlisle. 

Pamphila Sylvanus ....Darlington, Castle Eden Dene, Car- 
lisle (Liverpool, common). 


Geographical Distribution of the British Butterflies. 233 


Colias Hyale ...+.-+ «York, Manchester in 1842. 

Vanessa Polychloros.... York, Huddersfield, Carlisle (not at 
Liverpool; once at Edinburgh, 
wasted). 

Argynnis Adippe......Yotk, Carlisle; rarely in the western 
Highlands. 

Nemeobius Lucina ....York, Carlisle, 


a Arge Galathea...+...-York, Wakefield, Monmouthshire, 
| Cardiff. 
Thecla W. Album ....York, Bristol, Tintern. 
Polyommatus igon.... York, Manchester, Liverpool. 
| p Pamphila Linea eee York, Shrewsbury; once at Birken- 
| head. 
\ Pamphila Comma...... Scarborough, Halton. 
ee Crategi, ve a=ds Peterborough, Bristol, Cardiff, Tin- 
tern. 
j Leucophasia Sinapis....Peterborough, Manchester, Liverpool, 
Lake District. 
Limenitis Sibylla......Colchester, Epping, Winchester, Isle 
| of Wight.. 
| Apatura Iris ......«+Lincoln, Leicester, Monmouthshire, 
banks of Severn. 
" Melitea Athalia ......Stowmarket, Newport Pagnel, Bide- 
| ford. 
| Thecla Betul@......+. Ipswich, Peterborough, Shrewsbury, 
Machynlleth, N. W. 
Polyommatus Corydon ..Peterborough, Bristol ; always on 
chalk. 
Polyommatus Adonis ..Halton, Bristol; generally on chalk, 
| - but on the limestone at Torquay. 


Of the three moor or mountain species, Ceenonympha Davus is 
that which is found furthest south in England; it occurs near 
Uttoxeter, and is plentiful on the mosses between Warrington and 
Manchester ; it also occurs at Thorne Moor, and on wet bogs near 
Newcastle and near Carlisle. In North Wales it is found in Car- 
narvonshire. In Scotland it is very general on mosses and hill- 
tops. In Ireland it occurs in the counties of Cork and Kerry. 

Erebia Blandina is first found at Wharfdale in Yorkshire, then 
at Colne, Kendal, and at Castle Eden Dene. In Arran, Argyll- 
shire, Dumbartonshire and Perthshire it is widely distributed. 

Erebia Cassiope is not found further south than Langdake 
Pikes and Styehead Tarn; it always occurs at a great elevation, 

VOL. V. N. S PART VI.—JULY, 1860, R 


234 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Wotes on the 


from 1,500 to 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. In Scotland 
it occurs on Ben Lomond and on some of the Perthshire moun- 
tains. In Ireland it occurs in Galway and Donegal. 

It is remarkable that neither of the last two species have yet 
been observed in Wales. 

We now come to consider the range of our seven local species, 
Papilio Machaon, Melitea Cinxia, Thecla Pruni, Polyommatus 
Arion, P. Acis, Steropes Paniscus, Pamphila Acteon, thus,— 


Papilio Machaon occurs in the fens near Cambridge and near 
Norwich, but we know of no other defined localities for 
this noble insect, though a few specimens have occurred at 
Pulborough, in Sussex, and at Herne Bay, in Kent. 

Melitea Cinxia is abundant at Sandown, in the Isle of Wight, 
and is not scarce at Folkestone; a few specimens have 
occurred near Stowmarket and Peterborough. 

Thecla Pruni—for this we only know one locality, Monk’s 
Wood, in Huntingdonshire. 

Polyommatus Arion. .Barnwell Wold, Northamptonshire ; 
Chatteris, Cambridgeshire; Rington, 
in Rutlandshire ; Cheltenham, and in 
South Devon. 

Polyommatus Acis ..Lewes, Lower Guiting, formerly at 
Leominster. 

Steropes Paniscus....Bourne, Lincolnshire; Monk’s Wood, 
Hunts, and near Oxford. 

Pamphila Acteon....Lulworth, Dorsetshire; said to occur 
also at Sidmouth, in Devon. 


The circumstances which cause the restriction of a few species 
to such very confined localities is at present unknown to us. They 
are not so restricted on the Continent. P. Machaon and P. Acis 
are universally distributed in Germany, and, with the single ex- 
ception of Pamphila Actcon, all the others are very generally dis- 
tributed in Germany, though not occurring in every district. 

Of the three stragglers in this country—Pieris Daplidice, Ar- 
gynnis Lathonia and Vanessa Antiopa—the two former seem 
confined to the southern counties of England, not ranging north 
of Peterborough, but V. Antiopa-is most plentiful between the 
Humber and the Tyne, and has more than once been noticed on 
the north side of the border. 

Of the two species which may be considered extinct with us, 
one (Chrysophanus Dispar) used to be abundant at Whittlesea 
Mere, but since that was drained, causing cornfields to wave where 
reeds had formerly held undisputed sway, the insect has dis- 


Geographical Distribution of the British Butterflies. 235 


appeared. Similar fen districts still exist in Norfolk and Suffolk; 
but though the insect has been sought there in its most likely 
haunts, no recent captures are known. 

Of our 25 general and common species, all have been captured 
in Asia, except Las. Ageria. 

15, such as Brassice, Rape, Aigeria, Megera, Janira, Pam- 
philus, Urtice, Atalanta, Cardui, Rubi, Phleas, Alsus, Alexis, 
Agestis and Alveolus, have been met with south of the 
Mediterranean. 

8, Atalanta, Cardui and Phleas, occur on the other side of the 
Atlantic. 

Cardui, indeed, in perfectly cosmopolitan, occurring all over 
the globe. 

Of our 25 more southern species, all but three occur in Asia; 
viz. Tithonus, Adippe and Lucina. Tithonus even disappears in 
the eastern half of Germany. 

6, Rhamni, Edusa, Hyale, Sibylla, Betule@, and Linea, extend 
to Africa. 

5, Rhamni, Edusa, C. Album, Sylvanus, and Comma, have been 
noticed in America. 

Of the remaining 15 species, all occur in Asia but the Alpine 
Cassiope and Chryseis. 

6, Machaon, Cinxia, Acteon, Daplidice, Lathonia, and Antiopa 
occur in Africa. 

And the last-named also in America. 

Thus 59 of our 65 species occur to the east of Russia. 


27 5 south of Mediterranean. 
9 ve cross the Atlantic. 
1 *5 is universal. 


Mr. Watson, in his ‘* Cybele Britannica,” has divided our British 
Flora into what he terms the British, English, Germanic, Atlantic, 
Scottish and Highland types. 

It will be seen at a glance that the first division here corre- 
sponds to the British type of plants; the second division, the more 
southern species, to the English type of plants; but unless we 
refer the three moor and mountain species to the Highland type, 
we cannot follow the same system of classification any further. 

We have not a single Butterfly peculiar to our west coast, nor 
a single one peculiar to the north; the circumpolar species which 
occur in Lapland do not reach us, neither have we any one species 
peculiar to the eastern coast of England. We simply trace, as we 
advance northwards, a gradual decrease and diminution of species ; 
every one of our species occurs plentifully in southern Germany. 

R 2 


236 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of 


XXI. Descriptions of some new Species of Sagra; Remarks 
on that Genus; and the Characters of Cheiloxena, a 
new Genus belonging to the same Family. By J.S. Baty, 
Esq. 

[Read June 4th, 1860.] 


In the following paper I have endeavoured (as completely as the 
materials before me will allow) to bring our knowledge of the 
genus Sagra from the date of M. Lacordaire’s valuable work up 
to the present time; it will be seen that I have reduced some of 
the Lacordairian species to mere varieties, whilst, on the other 
hand, I have named and described others lately added to our 
collections, which I believe to be new; at the end of the paper 
I have given a list of the species, marking with a + those with 
which I am unacquainted. 


Sagra nigrita, Oliv. 

During the last few years this insect has been received plen- 
tifully from Mr. Thwaites, of Ceylon, thus proving (as M. La- 
cordaire imagined) that the locality given by Olivier in his great 
work was erroneous; I possess two male specimens which, instead 
of being entirely black, as in the type, are nigrozeneous; they 
agree in all particulars, save locality, with S. dentipes, the next 
species in Lacordaire’s book. I cannot but think that Fabricius 
and Weber were wrong in supposing this latter insect to have been 
brought from the Cape of Good Hope; according to the description 
given by Lacordaire, it is much more nearly allied to the Indian, 
than to any known African species, and, in all probability, will 
eventually prove to be a mere variety of 8. nigrita. 


Sagra splendida, Weber. 

This insect is spread over the whole Indian continent. I have 
also received it from Shanghai, where it was taken by Mr. For- 
tune; the specimens from India are generally much darker and 
more deeply tinged with violet; those from northern China are 
a third smaller than the ordinary size. 


Sagra Petelii. 
I have examined six examples of the male of this beautiful 
little species, but in one specimen only have I found the posterior 


some new Species of Sagra, &c. 237 


/ 


tibiz to agree exactly with Lacordaire’s description; in all the 
rest there are rudiments, more or less distinct, of a sub-apical 
tooth on the inner edge. The species is most commonly sent 
from Java, but I possess it also from Nepaul, and it has. been 
taken by M. Mouhot in Siam, the specimen being in Mr. Saun- 
ders’s Collection; in the British Museum is a small female from 
Tenasserim. 


Sagra perlucida, Lacord. 

I consider, for the reasons stated below, this insect to be a 
variety of Sagra Buquetit; M. Lacordaire has subdivided his first 
division of the genus into three sections, the characters for which 
are drawn from the toothing of the apex of the posterior tibiz in 
the males; thus, in section A., the hinder tibize have this part of 
the limb tridentate; in section B. the internal tooth is obsolete, 
whilst the outer one is produced into a strong spine; and in 
section C., the one in which S. perlucida is placed, the tibiz are 
simple and unarmed in either sex. The insects contained in this 
section resemble, in a most remarkable manner, corresponding 
species in one or other of the two preceding subdivisions, differing 
merely in their somewhat smaller size, in the lesser development 
of the hinder thigh, with sometimes a slight modification of its 
under surface, and in the absence of the lateral teeth on the pos- 
_ terior tibize. The possession of an interesting series of S. nigrita, 
in which the teeth dwindle away until they become nearly obsolete, 
first led me to suspect that the above insects were males in which 
an arrest of development of the posterior legs had taken place, 
and that their typical forms belonged to the preceding sections. 
After a careful examination of S. ignita, Webert and others, I was 
fully confirmed in this opinion, and in the present paper I have 
placed these insects as varieties under the respective species to 
which I consider them to belong; at the time M. Lacordaire 
wrote, he had, in most instances, so limited a number of specimens 
under examination, that it was impossible to avoid separating 
insects with such an apparent difference of structure, unconnected 
by any intermediate link. An analogous instance may be adduced 
in the case of Lucanus cervus, where the development of the male 
mandibles varies so greatly in different individuals, as to have 
caused the extreme states to be described under separate names. 

I have never seen an insect answering exactly to the description, 
as given by Lacordaire, of S. perlucida, but I possess small in- 
dividuals of S. Buquetii, g , in my own cabinet, in which the sub- 
apical teeth are reduced to less than half their usual size. 


238 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


Sagra ignita, Lacord. 

In this insect, which ought to be placed under S. splendida, the 
under surface of the hinder thighs is generally tridentate, the 
middle tooth being longest; the additional tooth is formed by 
the development of the anterior extremity of the denticulate 
ridge of the lower edge of the thigh, into a short spine. The 
specimen in my cabinet has a rudimentary tooth on the inner edge 
of the hinder tibiz. 


Sagra formosa, Lacord. 

I consider this insect to be the corresponding variety of the 
Indian form of S. splendida ; a specimen exists in the collection of 
Major Parry. 

Sagra Weberi, Lacord. 

The present insect belongs to S. Druryi; most frequently the 
posterior thighs are bidentate beneath, as in the typical form of 
the species; but occasionally they are tridentate, as in the two pre- 
ceding insects ; it then becomes 8S. éridentata, Fabr. 


Sagra Fabricii, Lacord. 
This form is unknown to me, but I have no hesitation in placing 
it as a variety of S. superba. 


Sagra pygmea, Lacord. 
With this pretty little insect I am also unacquainted, but 
although the tomentose patch at the inner base of its hinder thigh 
is wanting, I regard it as merely a small variety of S. Petelu. 


Sagra heterodera, Lacord. 
This singular insect is evidently a variety, belonging toa species 
the typical form of which is as yet unknown; it ought probably to 
stand in the first sub-section, near S. splendida. 


Sagra seraphica, Lacord. 

Two specimens from Old Calabar, both females, apparently 
belonging to this species, exist, one in the British Museum, the 
other in my own collection ; others I believe are to be found in the 
‘cabinets of Mr. Murray and M. Javet, but I know not whether 
either of these gentlemen possess the male. 


Sagra Adonis, Lacord. 
Is possibly a variety (analogous to var. A. of S. bicolor) of the 
last species, S. seraphica. 


some new Species of Sagra, §c. 239 


Sagra Pfeifferi, n. sp. 

Ob!ongo-ovata, crassa, viridi-aenea, caeruleo micans, sub-nitida, 
antennis extrorsum nigris; thorace sub-quadrato, antice vix 
producto, angulis anticis parum prominulis ; elytris ovatis, 
basi truncatis, intra humeros modice impressis, tenuiter reticu- 
lato-strigosis, interstitiis ad apicem crenulatis; gemellato- 
punctato-striatis, striis fere deletis. 

Mas.—¥emoribus posticis valde incrassatis, elytris fere dimidio 
superantibus, subtus apice profunde sinuatis, sinu intus fulvo- 
tomentoso, dentibus duobus validis armatis, horum secundo ad 
angulum posticum emarginationis posito; tibiis posticis apice 
mucronatis, ante apicem bidentatis, dente externo valido; ab- 
dominis segmento basali vix deplanato, remote punctato, vage 
flavo-tomentoso. 

Long. 10 lin. 


Robust, ovate, resembling 8. quadraticollis in form, but rather 
shorter and thicker than that insect, bright metallic green, with 
metallic blue reflexions, sub-nitidous, outer half of antenne black, 
opaque. Head finely punctured ; antennz robust, two-thirds the 
length of the body, six basal joints shining metallic green. Thorax 
sub-quadrate, almost transverse across the anterior angles, the 
latter moderately prominent, anterior margin very slightly pro- 
duced; upper surface sub-opaque, impressed near the basal 
margin with a shallow fovea; sparingly covered near the base by 
a few very minute punctures, only visible under a lens. Scutellum 
semi-ovate, its base deeply excavated. Elytra shorter, ovate, 
truncate at the base, their apex sub-acutely rounded ; above very 
convex, moderately impressed within the shoulders, the latter 
somewhat prominent, basilar space indistinctly elevated, bounded 
beneath by a nearly obsolete transverse depression; surface 
covered with fine irregularly confluent grooved lines, more 
crowded towards the apex, where their interstices are raised, 
and form irregular crenulations ; on each elytron are six or seven 
double rows of punctures, visible only here and there, principally 
on the anterior half of the surface, being entirely obliterated for 
the remainder of their course; on the outer disc, just before its 
middle, is a small smooth spot, shining blue-green. 

Male.—Posterior thighs strongly incrassate, extending beyond 
the elytra for nearly half their length, their outer surface very 
convex, the thickest portion of the thigh being across its middle ; 
lower edge deeply notched at the apex and armed with two stout 
teeth, the anterior larger and situated immediately in front, the | 
other placed just at the posterior angle of the notch, the inner 


240 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


edge of which is clothed with fulvous hairs; hinder tibize curved at 
the base, thence nearly straight to the apex, the middle portion 
slightly flexuose ; apex strongly mucronate, armed on either side 
with a stout tooth, the outer one large and slightly curved, the 
inner one very short; inner edge notched at the base, deeply 
grooved and sparingly clothed with pale pubescence; basal seg- 
ment of abdomen flattened, remotely punctured, very sparingly 
dotted with a few fulvous hairs. 
Hab. Borneo; collected by the late Madame Pfeiffer. 


I know but a single specimen (in my own collection) of this 
fine insect; it bears a very much stronger resemblance to S. su- 
perba and quadraticollis than to S. Druryi and its congeners, with 
which insects, however, from the possession of a second tooth at 
the apex of the lower edge of its hinder femora, it must be placed ; 
but the position of this tooth is very different—instead of being 
situated in the notch itself, as in the above species, it is placed at 
its posterior angle. 


Sagra Javeti, n. sp. 

Oblonga, postice attenuata, viridi-cuprea aut rufo-purpurea, 
sub-nitida, tarsis antennisque nigris, his dimidio corporis 
paullo longioribus; thorace sub-quadrato, sub-remote fortiter 
punctato, margine antico modice producto, medio sinuato, 
angulis anticis sat prominulis; elytris sub fortiter punctato- 
striatis, infra humeros valde impressis, basi elevatis. 


Mas.—F¥emoribus posticis elytra valde superantibus, supra 
apicem versus non compressis, intus ad marginem in- 
feriorem prope basin laxe flavo-tomentosis, subtus obsolete 
denticulatis, apicem versus breviter sed fortiter bidentatis, 
tibiis ejusdem paris apice uncinatis, extus pone medium spina 
valida arcuata armatis. 

Feem.—Femoribus posticis elytra vix superantibus, subtus te- 
nuiter denticulatis, apicem versus creté denticulata instructis, 
tibiis ejusdem paris apice mucronatis. 


Var. A. Mas.—Minor, femoribus posticis subtus tridentatis. 
Long. 7 lin.; var. 54—6 lin, © 


Oblong ; metallic green or cupreous, stained with rufo-aureous ; 
antennze and tarsi black. Head with the vertex deeply and some- 
what closely punctured; antenne robust, more than half the 
length of the body, six basal joints shining, the rest semi-opaque. 
Thorax slightly longer than broad, its anterior margin moderately 
produced, obsoletely sinuate, anterior angles somewhat strongly 


some new Species of Sagra, &c. 241 


prominent ; sides sinuate; above deeply but not coarsely punc- 
tured, punctures irregularly crowded, more scattered and distant 
on the disc; on the centre of the latter is an indistinct longitudinal 
ridge, and at its extreme base a distinct fovea. Elytra obovate, 
their base truncate; basilar space considerably elevated, bounded 
below by a deep transverse depression ; shoulders moderately 
prominent, impressed on their inner margin with a deep oblique 
fovea; surface distinctly punctate-striate, the puncturing, which 
is visible to the extreme apex of the elytra, confused and irregular 
towards the sides; interspaces finely aciculate-reticulate, the re- 
ticulations on the outer side of the shoulder vermiculate. Body 
beneath distinctly punctured. 

Male.—Posterior pair of thighs extending considerably beyond 
the apex of the elytra, elongate-incrassate, their upper edge pro- 
duced in front into a broad but slightly elevated ridge, which 
becomes lost on the apical third of the thigh, the latter portion 
slightly depressed and obliquely rounded, its extreme apex being 
deeply notched ; lower edge compressed into an obsoletely toothed 
ridge, and armed immediately before the apex with two short 
stout teeth, the anterior somewhat larger; inner surface longi- 
tudinally carinate, its lower half sparingly clothed at the base 
with a few scattered fulvous hairs ; tibia of the same pair strongly 
flexuose, their apex strongly mucronate, outer edge armed with a 
stout elongate curved spine. Basal segment of abdomen longi- 
tudinally excavated, coarsely punctured, and, together with all 
the other segments, covered with coarse yellow hairs. 

Female.—Posterior pair of thighs furnished before their apex 
beneath with a short denticulate ridge; tibiz simple. 

Var. A. Smaller; thighs of the male tridentate beneath. 

Hab. Port Natal. 

This species may be separated from its congeners by the dif- 
ferent form of the apical third of the upper surface of its hinder 
femora; the general form of the body is also shorter and stouter 
than in any of the allied species. 


Sagra Stevensi, n. sp. 

Elongato-oblonga, obscure metallico-viridis, sub-nitida, thorace 
tenuissime punctato, transverso (apice modice producto pre- 
termisso), lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis modice pro- 
minulis; elytris basi sat elevato-marginatis, intra humeros 
valde sulcatis ; infra basin vix transversim impressis, tenuiter 
punctato-striatis, striis per paria sat approximatis, apicem 
versus deletis, interstitiis tenuissime punctatis, tenuiter reti- 
culato-aciculatis. 


242 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


Mas. —Femoribus posticis elytra modice superantibus, validis ; 
intus ad basin flavo-tomentosis; supra apicem versus com- 
presso-dilatatis et ibi carinatis, subtus ante apicem dente 
valido trigono armatis; tibiis ejusdem paris flexuosis, apice 
mucronatis, extus pone medium dente elongato arcuato in- 
structis ; abdominis segmento primo complanato, remote 
punctato. 

Long. 8} lin. 

Dull metallic-green, sub-nitidous, obscurely stained with purple ; 
antenne black, basal joints obscure purple. Head with its vertex 
finely punctured; antennez robust, longer than half the body. 
Thorax slightly broader than long, anterior margin moderately 
produced, anterior angles sub-prominent, obtuse; upper surface 
minutely punctured, impressed at the base with a broad shallow 
fovea; scutellum small, semi-ovate, shining black. Elytra oblong- 
ovate, truncate at the base, narrowed towards their apex, convex, 
their extreme base between the shoulders deeply impressed, the 
basal margin itself being elevated into a narrow ridge ; shoulders 
slightly prominent, their inner edge bounded by a deep longitudinal 
fovea; basilar space bounded beneath by an indistinct transverse 
impression ; surface covered with fine punctures, arranged in 
longitudinal striz, approximating in pairs and becoming obsolete 
towards the apex of the elytra; interspaces minutely punc- 
tured, very finely reticulate-aciculate. First segment of abdomen 
distinctly punctured, its centre without the usual covering of hair, 
but together with all the other segments sparingly fringed near 
the lower edge with coarse fulvous pubescence; posterior femora 
extending beyond the elytra for about a fourth their length, 
strongly incrassate, sub-clavate, outer surface longitudinally con- 
vex; their upper edge rounded, its posterior third dilated and 
compressed into an acute ridge, notched immediately above the 
extreme apex of the thigh; lower edge armed near its apex with 
a stout trigonate tooth; inner surface concave, its anterior half 
covered with a large patch of coarse fulvous hairs ; posterior tibiz 
arcuate at the base, their middle portion flexuous, the apex sub- 
uncinate, the outer edge below the middle armed with a stout 
spine.— Male. 

Hab. White Nile. A single specimen in my own collection. 

I have named this beautiful species after my friend S. Stevens, 
Esq. It is nearly allied to S. Senegalensis, but nearly twice the 
size, longer and more parallel than that insect, less narrowed 
behind, rather less convex, its surface sub-opaque ; upper edge of 
the hinder thighs more compressed and dilated at the apex ; thorax 
much broader. 


some new Species of Sagra, §c. 243 


Sagra Jansoni, n. sp. 

Elongata, rufo-aurea, viridi-nitens, antennis robustis, dimidio 
corporis longioribus, purpureis, basi viridibus; thorace sub- 
remote punctato, latitudine paullo longiori, angulis anticis 
sub-prominulis, obtusis; elytris intra humeros oblique sulcatis, 
infra basin leviter transversim-impressis, punctato-striatis, 
interspatiis tenuiter reticulato-vermiculatis ; femoribus inter- 
mediis subtus in dentem compressum productis. 

Long. mas. 6—7 lin.; fem. 54 lin. 

Mas.—Femoribus posticis elytra modice superantibus, elongato- 
obovatis, intus ad basin flavo-tomentosis, subtus ante apicem 
bidentatis; tibiis ejusdem paris apice mucronatis, ante apicem 
extus spina validaé intus dente brevi armatis, abdominis seg- 
mento primo longitudinaliter excavato, crebre punctato, flavo- 
tomentoso. 


Fom.—Femoribus posticis elytra vix superantibus, ante apicem 
creta denticulata instructis. 
Var. A.—Metallico-viridis, subtus purpureo-micans ; antennis 
purpureis. 
Elongate, shining rufo-aureous, with metallic-green markings 
and reflexions beneath ; antenne purple, their basal half metallic- 
green. Head deeply punctured ; antenne robust, slightly incras- 
sate towards their apex, two-thirds the length of the body in the 
male, somewhat shorter in the female, six basal joints metallic- 
green, the remainder deep purple. Thorax slightly longer than 
broad, anterior margin moderately produced, anterior angles 
moderately prominent; sides slightly concave; above deeply but 
not very closely punctured, middle transversely depressed in front 
of the basal margin. Scutellum metallic- green, its surface smooth, 
impunctate. Elytra oblong- elongate, their apex sub-acutely 
rounded, above convex, base obliquely impressed within the shoul- 
ders, the latter slightly prominent, basilar space bounded below 
by a shallow but distinct transverse depression; finely but dis- 
tinctly punctate-striate, the puncturing being visible over the whole 
surface of the elytra, interspaces finely vermiculate-reticulate. 
Body beneath more stained with metallic-green, sub-remotely 
punctured ; four anterior thighs moderately incrassate, the inter- 
mediate pair produced beneath into a flattened tooth; tibiz 
strongly curved. | 
Male.—Intermediate thighs produced beneath into a flattened 
acute tooth; hinder thighs extending beyond the elytra for a 
fourth their length ; elongate-obovate, incrassate, their lower edge 
notched at the apex and armed with two short stout teeth, of 


244 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


which the anterior one is rather larger; on the inner surface, at the 
base, is a large patch of coarse yellow pubescence ; tibize of the 
same pair mucronate at the apex, and armed just before the latter, 
externally with a stout spine, internally with a very short obtuse 
tooth; basal segment of abdomen longitudinally excavated, coarsely 
punctured and covered with coarse yellow pubescence. 

Female.—Intermediate femora produced beneath into a flattened 
sub-acute tooth; hinder thighs scarcely extending beyond the 
elytra, furnished near their apex beneath with a short denticulate 
ridge. 7 
Var. A.—Bright metallic-green, body beneath and legs with 
purple reflexions. 

Madras, collected by Mrs. Hamilton. 

I have named this beautiful species after my friend E. Janson, 
Esq., the able co-secretary of our Society; it ought to stand close 
to S. Petelit, but is easily separated from that insect by its elongate 
form and by the toothed intermediate thighs. ; 


Sagra carbunculus, Hope. 

“‘ Cyanea, elytris igneo auroque micantibus, pedibus posticis in- 
crassatis, tibiis incurvatis.” 

Long. 43 lin. 

** Caput, antennee, thorax, corpus infra pedesque cyanei. Thorax 
fere quadratus, antice ante oculos contractus, punctulatus. 
Elytra carbunculosa, igneo auroque micantia, creberrime punc- 
tulata. Pedes femoribus 4 anticis parum incrassatis, tibiis 
subincurvis; posticis vaide incrassatis, subunidentatis, tibiis 
arcuatis, tarsis flavo-spongiosis, 

“* Ex. India orientali, Sylhet.” 

Hope, Trans. Lin. Soc. xix. p. 112, pl. 10, fig. 9; Annals and 

Mag. of Nat. Hist. ix. p. 248. 

Mas.—Femoribus posticis valde incrassatis, elytra sat ‘super- 
antibus, intus prope marginem inferiorem flavo-tomentosis ; 
subtus ante apicem lamina tridentata, dente intermedio valido, 
postice denticulato, instructis; tibiis ejusdem paris basi 
arcuatis, deinde subrectis, apice mucronatis, extus ante apicem 
late emarginatis, intus obsoletius dentatis, abdominis segmento 
primo complanato, leviter excavato, parce punctato, vage 
flavo-tomentoso. 

Var. A.—-Duplo minor, femoribus posticis elytra modice super- 
antibus, glabris, subtus ante apicem crista tridentata instructis, 
tibiis ejusdeim paris simplicibus, 

Long. 6 lin.; var. 42 lin, 


some new Species of Sagra, &c. 245 


Male.—Posterior pair of thighs considerably longer than the 
elytra, strongly incrassate, their inner surface furnished near its 
lower border with a narrow stripe of fulvous pubescence; lower 
edge denticulate, produced near the apex into a flattened tridentate 
plate, the middle tooth of which is elongate, slightly curved and 
denticulate on its posterior margin; upper surface indistinctly 
carinate; tibiz of the same pair arcuate at their base, thence 
nearly straight to their apex, the latter mucronate; inner surface 
on its outer edge, immediately before the apex, deeply emarginate, 
the inner edge obsoletely tuberculate ; basal segment of abdomen 
flattened, indistinctly excavated, remotely punctured, sparingly 
clothed with short fulvous hairs. 

Var. A. Nearly one-half smaller, hinder thighs extending for a 
short distance beyond the apex of the elytra, glabrous within, their 
lower edge denticulate and produced just before the ap@x into a 
short tridentate ridge, the two outer teeth of which are small and 
indistinct ; posterior tibiee arcuate, simple, their apex mucronate. 

This insect varies in the degree of punctation and also in the 
coloration of the elytra; the interspaces are minutely punctured 
and sub-granulose, and covered with distinct irregular sinuosities, 
which become more crowded near the apex of the elytra, their 
interstices on that portion being irregularly wrinkled; in the 
var, A. the elytra are smoother, and the colour of the elytra for 
the most part is rufo-aureous, with a violet tint, narrowly edged 
with bright metallic blue; in my specimen of var. A. the elytra are 
bright igneous, bordered with metallic blue. 

Hab. Northern India, Sylhet. 

This beautiful little species, unknown to Lacordaire, is now not 
uncommon in our collections ; a single specimen of var. A. is in 
my own cabinet. 


Sagra lucida, n. sp. 

Oblongo-elongata, lzte purpurea, nitida; antennis robustis, 
corporis dimidio vix longioribus; thorace latitudine paullo 
longiori, sub-cylindrico, margine antico modice producto, 
angulis anticis vix prominulis; elytris oblongis, intra humeros 
modice impressis, basi paullo elevatis, infra basin leviter 

.  transversim depressis; tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis sub 
lente egre distinguentibus. 

Foem.—Femoribus posticis elytra non superantibus, subtus ante 
apicem crista brevi denticulata instructis ; tibiis ejusdem paris 
simplicibus, 

Long. 6 lin. - 


Oblong-elongate, deep shining metallic-purple. Head impressed 


246 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


on the forehead with a deep round fovea; antennz robust, 
thickened towards their apex, scarcely longer than half the body, 
last four joints black, opaque. Thorax rather longer than broad, 
sub-cylindrical, anterior margin moderately produced, anterior 
angles scarcely prominent; above shining, impunctate. Scutellum 
transverse-quadrate, its apex obtuse. Elytra oblong, moderately 
impressed within the shoulders, the latter sub-prominent ; basilar 
space indistinctly elevated, bounded beneath by a shallow trans- 
verse depression; smooth and shining, very finely punctate- 
striate, the striz, which are visible only under a lens, placed at 
regular intervals on the surface. 


Female.—Posterior pair of thighs not extending beyond the 
elytra, their lower edge furnished just before the apex with a 
short denticulate ridge ; posterior tibize simple. 

Hab. Cape Coast. 

Collection of Major Parry; also in my own cabinet. 

This beautiful insect belongs, through the elevated basilar space 
of its elytra, to the first division of the genus; its male pro- 
bably resembles that of S. Senegalensis. 


Sagra emarginata, n. sp. 


Elongata, cuprea, late rufo-cuprea, purpureo-micans ; antennis 
extrorsum purpureis, subtus nitida, supra sub-opaca ; thorace 
sub-cylindrico, latitudine paullo longiori, angulis anticis vix 
prominulis ; elytris sub-parallelis, apicem versus attenuatis, 
singulatim apice leviter emarginatis, supra intra humeros 
impressis, tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis per paria vix ap- 
proximatis. 


Mas.—¥emoribus posticis elytra parum superantibus, subtus 
ante apicem creta brevi basi dente parvo munita instructis, 
tibiis ejusdem paris curvatis, apice vix mucronatis; abdominis 
segmento primo longitudinaliter excavato, sub-crebre punc- 
tato, laxe flavo-tomentoso. 


Fom.—Femoribus posticis elytris non superantibus, glabris, 
subtus ante apicem creta brevi basi dente parvo munita 
instructis, tibiis posticis curvatis. 

Long. mas 5—6 lin.; feem. 8 lin. 


Elongate, cupreous or rufo-cupreous, with purple reflexions ; 
body beneath shining, above sub-opaque, six terminal joints of 
antennz dark purple. Head sub-remotely punctured, front im- 
pressed with a longitudinal fovea; antennz robust, more than half 
the length of the body. Thorax sub-cylindrical, rather longer 


some new Species of Sagra, §c: 247 


than broad ; anterior margin moderately produced, anterior angles 
scarcely prominent ; surface impunctate, impressed at the base with 
an indistinct fovea. Scutellum longitudinally grooved. Elytra 
narrowly oblong, sub-parallel, narrowed near the apex, the latter 
in each elytron slightly but distinctly sinuate ; upper surface deeply 
impressed at the base within the shoulders, finely and regularly 
punctate-striate, the striz distinct for their whole length, and 
(excepting at the extreme base, where they slightly approximate 
in pairs) equidistant. 

Male.—Posterior femora slightly produced beyond the apex of 
the elytra, glabrous at the base, incrassate, somewhat flask-shaped, 
their lower edge obsoletely denticulate, furnished before the apex 
with a short denticulate ridge; tibize of the same pair arcuate, 
simple, their apex obtusely mucronate ; basal segment of abdomen 
with a longitudinal shallow depression, the surface of which is 
deeply but not very closely punctured, and sparingly covered with 
very fine fulvous hairs. 

Female.—Posterior pair of thighs not extending beyond the 
elytra, their lower edge similar to that of the male. 

Hab. west coast of Africa. 

Both sexes in the collection of Major Parry; the male in my 
own cabinet. 


Sagra Parryi, n. sp. 

Elongata, rufo-purpurea, sub-nitida, subtus nitida; antennis ex- 
trorsum ceruleis, tarsis obscure purpureis ; thorace latitudine 
sat longiori, sub-cylindrico, angulis anticis vix prominulis ; 
elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis fere aquidistantibus. 

Mas.—Femoribus posticis elytra paullo superantibus, intus ad 
basin flavo-tomentosis, subtus pone medium crista brevi pos- 
tice valide unidentata et ante apicem dente brevi obtuso, 
instructis; tibiis ejusdem paris apicem versus incrassatis, apice 
obtuse mucronato, margine antico extus crista, a vix ante 
medium ad paullum ante apicem prolongata, et apice in dentem 
compressum producta, intus ante apicem crista brevi emargi- 
nata instructo; abdominis segmento primo leviter excavato, 
sub-crebre punctato, vix flavo-tomentoso. 

Foem.—Femoribus posticis elytris non longioribus, subtus ante 
apicem crista brevi denticulata instructis, tibiis ejuasdem paris 
curvatis ; thorace minus elongato. 

Long. 7—8 lin. 

Elongate, reddish purple or purple, sub-nitidous above, shining 

beneath. Head deeply punctured; antennz robust, longer than 


248 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of 


half the body, five terminal joints deep metallic-blue. Thorax 
considerably longer than broad, nearly resembling, in that respect, 
S. longicollis, Lac., sub-cylindrical, apical margin very slightly 
produced, anterior angles obsoletely prominent; upper surface im- 
punctate, impressed at the base with a shallow but distinct longi- 
tudinal fovea. Scutellum impressed with a broad longitndinal 
fovea. Elytra oblong-elongate, sides sub - parallel, narrowed 
towards the apex; above sub-nitidous, moderately impressed 
within the shoulders, the latter shghtly prominent; surface finely 
punctate-striate, the striz equidistant, slightly approximating 
in pairs at the base, interspaces finely vermiculate; in the female 
the surface of the outer disc is very feebly concave below the 
shoulders: Body beneath shining, tarsi obscure purple, with 
occasionally a rufous reflexion. 


Male.—Posterior thighs slightly exceeding the elytra in length, 
strongly incrassate ; lower edge armed before the apex with a very 
short obtuse tooth, and immediately behind the middle with a short 
ridge, the posterior extremity of which is produced into a long 
stout tooth, inner surface furnished near the base with a small 
patch of fulvous hairs; tibiae of the same pair compressed, strongly 
curved at the base, gradually thickened from immediately before 
the middle nearly to the apex, the latter mucronate; anterior sur- 
face deeply channelled, its outer edge furnished with a broad ridge, 
which, commencing just before the middle, gradually increases in 
width until just before reaching the apex of the tibia, terminating 
in a broad flattened tooth ; the inner edge is furnished immediately 
before its apex with a short emarginate ridge; basal segment of 
abdomen longitudinally excavated, irregularly but somewhat closely 
punctured, its surface very sparingly covered with short fulvous 
hairs, which are only visible when viewed obliquely. 


Female.-—Posterior pair of thighs not extending beyond the 
apex of the elytra, the lower edge denticulate, and produced near 
its apex into a short denticulate ridge. 

Hab. west coast of Africa. 

Collections of the British Museum, Major Parry, ahd my own. 

This beautiful species is remarkable for the peculiar form of 
the hinder tibia; it is closely allied to §. amethystina, Lac., but 
differs in having a tomentose patch at the inner base of the poste- 
rior femora; S. Lacordairei, Thoms, appears to come very near 
to the present insect, but according to the short description of the 
author, the dentation of the thighs, and also the form of the tibie, 
differ from the present insect. 


some new Species of Sagra, Sc. 249 


Sagra bicolor, Lacordaire. 

*« Elongata, nigro-cyanea (vel nigra), opaca; elytris purpureis 
opacis, subtilissime punctato-striatis, strils per paria ali- 
quantum approximatis.” Lacord. Monog. des Phyt. tom. i. 
p- 50. 

Mas.—Femoribus posticis elytra valde superantibus, intus ad 
basin flavo-tomentosis, subtus ante apicem bidentatis, dente 
exterior valido; supra a medio ad apicem late canaliculatis ; 
tibiis ejusdem paris basi arcuatis, deinde sub-rectis, apice 
leviter mucronatis, basi tuberculo, ante apicem dentibus 
duobus parvis instructis; abdominis segmento primo longi- 
tudinaliter vix excavato, crebre punctato, vix tomentoso. 


Sagra Natalensis, Thoms. Archiv. tom. i. p. 396. 
Long. 73—9 lin.; var. 6 lin. 


Var. A.—Minor, femoribus posticis elytra paullo superantibus, 
subtus ante apicem crista brevi bidentata, dente postico 
valido, munitis; tibiis ejusdem paris arcuatis, apice sub-mu- 
cronatis, basi tuberculo, ante apicem dente sub-obsoleto in- 
structis ; abdominis segmento primo longitudinaliter vix ex- 
cavato, tenuiter punctato, vage flavo-tomentoso. 


Var. B.—Corpus olivaceum, elytris cupreis, ceteris ut in Var, A. 


Male.—Hinder pair of thighs elongate incrassate, extending 
beyond the elytra for about a third of their length, their upper 
edge deeply channelled along the posterior half; underside armed 
just before the apex with two teeth, the outer one stout, the inner 
minute; inner surface hollowed out from the base nearly to the 
middle, the excavated portion covered with an obovate patch of 
coarse yellow pubescence; posterior tibiz curved at the base, 
their inner edge furnished with a short tubercle, the remainder of 
their course nearly straight; apex sub-mucronate, and armed 
just before the extremity with two short ill-defined lateral teeth ; 
longitudinal space on the basal segment of abdomen feebly ex- 
cavated, somewhat closely punctured, vaguely tomentose. 


Var. A.—One-half smaller; thorax rather narrower, posterior 
thighs slightly longer than the elytra, the outer tooth on the lower 
edge replaced by a short bidentate ridge, the posterior tooth of 
which is longer and stouter than the others; inner tooth nearly 
obsolete ; hinder tibize regularly curved, their inner surface tuber- 
culate at the base, and furnished near the apex with an indistinct 
tooth, apex itself feebly mucronate. 

VOL. Y. N. Ss PART VII.—-Nov. 1360. s 


250 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


Var. B. Male.—Olivaceous, the elytra cupreous, more or less 
stained with metallic-green ; all the other characters as in var. A. 


Hab. Port Natal. 

In most collections; var. A. in the British Museum; var. B. 
in my own cabinet. 

This insect has latterly arrived in some abundance from the 
above locality; the male may be known from all its allies by the 
broad groove on the posterior half of the upper edge of the hinder 
thighs; its coloration is also entirely different from any known 
species. I look upon var. A. and B. as bearing the same relation 
to the normal state of the species that S. perlucida and ignita do 
to their respective types. The tomentose space on the hinder 
thigh in the male will cause the removal of the species from the 
sub-section in which Lacordaire, from being unacquainted with 
this sex, has provisionally placed it, to the succeeding one. . Mr. 
Thomson has described the male of this species under the name 
of Sagra Natalensis. 


Sagra Kirbyi, n. sp. 
Elongata,.obscure olivacea, sub-opaca ; thorace subc-ylindrico, 
margine antico sat producto, angulis anticis vix prominulis ; 
elytris regulariter punctato-striatis, striis per paria sat ap- 


proximatis, interspatiis punctatis, processu  prosternali ob- 
soleto. 


Mas.—F¥emoribus intermediis subtus acute unidentatis, posticis 
elytra valde superantibus, supra anguste canaliculatis, intus 
ad basin flavo-tomentosis, subtus ante apicem crista den- 
ticulata, antice dente valido munita, instructis ; tibiis eyusdem 
paris basi arcuatis, deinde sub-rectis, apice mucronatis, basi 
tuberculo, ante apicem dentibus duobus indistinctis, munitis ; 
abdominis segmento primo medio longitudinaliter complanato, 
sub-remote punctato, vage flavo-tomentoso. 


Fem.—Femoribus intermediis subtus obtuse unidentatis, posticis 
elytris non superantibus, subtus cristé denticulata paullo ante 
apicem dente brevi munitd, instructis; tibiis ejusdem paris 
arcuatis, basi tuberculatis, apice sub-mucronatis. 

Long. mas 83, facm. 7 lin. 


Elongate, obscure olivaceous, sub-opaque. Head minutely 
punctured ; the antennz unfortunately wanting in the only male 
specimen that I possess; in the female they are robust and more 
than half the length of the body. Thorax sub-cylindrical, rather 
longer than broad, anterior edge moderately produced, anterior 
angles indistinctly prominent, surface sub-remotely impressed with 


some new Species of Sagra, &c. 251 


very minute punctures, which are only visible under a lens. Scu- 
tellum dark shining metallic-green, longitudinally grooved. Elytra 
sub-elongate, narrowed behind, their surface impressed within the 
shoulders, distinctly punctate-striate, the strize closely approxi- 
mating in pairs, intervals between the double rows remotely im- 
pressed with rather less distinct punctures than those on the strize 
themselves ; these punctures are wanting inthe single female 
before me. Prosternal process obsolete. 


Male.—Intermediate thighs produced beneath into a compressed 
acute tooth, posterior pair extending for a third of their length 
beyond the apex of the elytra, incrassate and resembling an 
elongate club, the upper edge narrowly but distinctly grooved 
along the posterior two-thirds of its length; outer edge of the 
groove elevated, and forming (when viewed from within) a distinct 
ridge, inner surface excavated at the base, and clothed with coarse 
fulvous pubescence; lower edge indistinctly denticulate, furnished 
before the apex with a short ridge, the apex of which is produced 
into a stout conical tooth, in front of which is a deep notch; 
tibize of the same pair curved at the base, nearly straight towards 
the mucronate apex, furnished on either side just before the latter 
with a nearly obsolete obtuse tooth; inner surface tuberculate at 
the base; basal segment of abdomen longitudinally depressed, 
deeply but sub-remotely punctured, clothed with a few coarse 
fulvous hairs. 


Female —Intermediate thighs armed beneath with an obtuse 
tooth, posterior pair scarcely extending beyond the apex of the 
elytra, their lower edge obsoletely denticulate, furnished before 
the apex with a short denticulate ridge, the anterior extremity of 
which is produced into a short tooth, 


Hab. Congo. 

The male in my own collection, without precise locality, for- 
merly belonged to the Rev. W. Kirby, and was sent to him by 
M. Du Freme. The female, from Congo, is in the British 
Museum. It ought to stand near S. bicolor, and it forms a link 
between the section in which I have placed it and the succeeding 
one; in the absence of a prosternal process and in the punctation 
of the elytra it agrees with the former, whilst on the other hand 
the toothed intermediate thighs ally it to the latter group. 


Sagra Murrayi, 0. sp. 
Late elongata, postice attenuata, ceruleo-viridis, sub-nitida ; 


antennis corporis dimidio longioribus, thorace sub-quadrato, 
s2 


252 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of 


angulis anticis prominulis ; elytris fortiter flexuoso-impressis, 
interspatiis (preesertim ad basin) elevato-plicatis ; processu 
prosternali compresso, retrorsum producto, femoribus inter- 
mediis subtus unidentatis. 


Mas.—Femoribus intermediis subtus valide unidentatis, posticis 
elongatis rectis, supra sub-sinuatis, intus ad basin flavo-to- 
mentosis, subtus ante apicem bidentatis, dente externo valido 
interno minuto; tibiis ejusdem paris sub-rectis basi tuber- 
culatis, ante apicem sub-flexuosis, apice mucronatis ; abdo- 
minis segmento primo longitudinaliter excavato, fortiter punc- 
tato, flavo-tomentoso. 


Fom.—Femoribus intermediis obtuse dentatis, posticis elytra 
non superantibus, subtus crista denticulata antice unidentata 
instructis ; tibiis ejusdem paris arcuatis, basi tuberculatis. 


1 21; 
Long. mas 93, foeem. 8% lin. 


Broadly elongate, narrowed posteriorly, dark metallic blue- 
green, sub-nitidous. Head impressed on the neck with an oblong 
fovea; antennz robust, longer than half the body. ‘Thorax sub- 
quadrate, broader than in S. ¢ristis, anterior margin moderately 
produced, feebly sinuate in the middle, anterior angles moderately 
prominent, above sub-opaque, impunctate, impressed at the base 
with a distinct sub-cruciform fovea. Scutellum ovate, longitudi- 
nally bifoveolate. Elytra elongate-ovate, truncate at their base, 
narrowed behind their middle; sub-nitidous, slightly impressed 
within the shoulders; surface closely covered with irregular 
grooved lines, their interspaces strongly elevated, rugoso-plicate ; 
these rugosities are less distinctly raised below the middle of the 
elytra, and become nearly obsolete towards the apex, although 
even there much more visible than in S. tristis ; prosternal process 
flattened, produced posteriorly to the mesosternum. 


Male.—Intermediate pair of thighs inerassate, their lower 
surface produced into a stout acute tooth; hinder thighs extending 
beyond the elytra for nearly a third of their length, elongate, in- 
crassate, not increasing in width below the middle, lower edge 
furnished with a narrow denticulate ridge; apex notched and bi- 
dentate, the outer tooth large and stout, the inner one minute, 
inner surface furnished at the base with a yellow tomentose 
patch; hinder tibiz nearly straight, slightly flexuous before the 
apex, the latter obtusely mucronate, their inner surface tuberculate 
at the base ; basal segment of abdomen longitudinally excavated, 
closely punctured, flavo-tomentose. 


some new Species of Sagra, Sc. 253 


Female.—Intermediate thighs produced beneath into an obtuse 
tooth ; hinder pair armed on the lower edge with a stout acute 
sub-apical tooth, hinder tibize arcuate, their inner surface tuber- 
culate at the base, the apex simple. In this sex there are indi- 
cations of some deeply punctured strize on the elytra; they are, 
however, much interrupted by the rugosities of the surface, and 
are with difficulty to be made out. 


Hab. White Nile. Both sexes in my own cabinet. 

Very close to S. tristis, immediately after which insect it must 
be placed; it differs in the broader thorax, the much more 
strongly marked rugosities on the surface of the elytra, and in the 
different shape of the posterior femora; these latter are much 
longer, scarcely increasing in thickness from below their base 
nearly to the apex, their upper edge being much straighter and 
obsoletely sinuate in the middle. 


Sagra Dohrnii, n. sp. 

Elongato-oblonga, late purpurea, nitida; antennis corporis 
dimidio paullo longioribus; thorace sub-quadrato, margine 
antico modice producto, angulis anticis sat productis, re- 
trorsum fere curvatis, margine antico arcuatis, elytris fortiter 
vermiculatis, interspatiis (praesertim ante medium) valde ele- 
vatis, plicato-rugosis. 


Foeem.—Femoribus intermediis subtus acute unidentatis, posticis 
subtus denticulatis, ante apicem crista brevi antice unidentata 
instructis ; tibiis ejusdem paris arcuatis, apice vix mucronatis, 
processu prosternali compresso, retrorsum producto. 

Long. 8 lin. 

Narrowly oblong, bright purple, nitidous. Head finely punctured, 
front impressed with a quadrilobate fovea; antennz robust, rather 
longer than half the body. Thorax sub-quadrate, apical margin 
moderately produced, anterior angles very prominent, their front 
edge convex, the hinder one concave, causing the angles them- 
selves to appear almost recurved; upper surface shining, impunc- 
tate, impressed near the base with a shallow fovea. Elytra rather 
more parallel and less narrowed behind than in Sagra Murray, 
otherwise agreeing in form and sculpture with that species, their 
surface still more irregular, the punctate strize more deeply im- 
pressed, coarse, and rather more visible to the eye. 

Female.—Intermediate thighs armed beneath with an acute 
tooth; posterior pair not exceeding the elytra in length, their 
lower edge denticulate, produced before the apex into a short 


254 Mr, J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


indistinct ridge, the anterior edge of which is unidentate; pos- 
terior tibize arcuate, the apex obsoletely mucronate. 


Hab. West Coast of Africa. In Major Parry's and my own 
collections. 

At once separated from S. Murrayi, next to which species it 
ought to stand, by the peculiar form of the anterior angles of the 
thorax, and the acutely dentate mesofemora. 


Genus CuEttoxena. (Details, Pl. XIV.) 


Antenne paullum intra marginem interiorem oculorum inserte, 
filiformes, robuste, articulo primo brevi, incrassato, secundo bre- 
vissimo, tertio elongato, czeteris fere cequalibus. 

Mandibule (fig. b) prominentes, robuste, apice bidentate, dextra 
intus dentata. 

Labrum (fig. e) transversum, antice sub-sinuatum. 

Epistoma (fig. c) facie separata, hujus margine inferiori (fig. d) 
fere occultato, apice membranacea. 

Palpi (figs. f, g) articulo ultimo obovato, apice truncato. 

Mentum (fig. g) transversum, concavum. 

Labium (fig. g) corneum, obtusum. 

Prosternum distinctum, postice ampliatum. 

Caput (fig. a) perpendiculare, faciei margine inferiori valde 
emarginata, oculis rotundato-ovatis, intus vix sinuatis. 

Thorax (fig. e) sub-cylindricus, basi et apice paullo angustatus, 
dateribus dentatis. 

Scutellum sub-trigonatum, apice obtusum. 

Elytra therace multo latiora, oblonga, parallela, apice ro- 
tundata, convexa, humeris lateralibus prominulis. 

Pedes modice robusti, mediocres ; coxis quatuor anticis sub- 
conicis, femoribus vix incrassatis, inermibus, posticis (fig. 7) 
ceteris non crassioribus; tarsis (fig. 4) articulis sub-trigonatis, 
inter se latitudine equalibus, tertio apice leviter emarginato, 
ungue hoc duplo longiori, unguiculis dente brevi armatis. 

Abdomen (fig. k) segmentis intermediis angustatis. 

Corpus elongato-oblongum, convexum. 


Type Cheiloxena Westwoodii, Baly. 


This singular genus is remarkable for the possession of a free 
epistoma, being separated by this peculiarity from the other 
known phytophagous genera, in all of which the same part is 
closely united in a single piece with thé face. In Chetloxena the 
epistoma is attached by its base to the inner surface of the head, 
being more or less concealed (when viewed from above) by the 


some new Species of Sagra, §c. 255 


deeply emarginate lower edge of the face; the extent of surface 
visible varies greatly in different individuals, rendering it more 
than probable that the insect in life has the power of retracting to 
a certain degree the part within the head. ‘The anterior edge is 
bordered by a broad membranous margin. Cheiloxena has very 
strong affinities with the Longicornia; in fact, in many genera 
amongst the Lamicide (the family to which it is most nearly 
related) a similar Structure of the epistoma exists. It is, however, 
at once separated from that group, as well as from the majority 
of the tribe, by its simple eyes; whilst the perpendicular head 
and the absence of a neck forbid its being placed with the Leptu- 
ride, the only longicora family possessing a similar form of eye. 
I have not therefore hesitated in uniting it with the Phytophaga, 
of which great tribe it will probably ultimately form a distinct 
family ; for the present I have placed the genus with the Sagride, 
with which family it appears to have most characters in common. 
It agrees with it in having a narrow thorax and a distinct pro- 
sternum, differing in the free epistoma, non-incrassate and un- 
armed hinder thighs, and (4matella excepted) in the toothed claws. 
From the Donacide and Crioceride it is separated by the distinct 
prosternum ; from the Chrysomelide by the narrow thorax and 
smaller third joint of the tarsi; and from the Lumolpide by this 
latter character and the different form of the antero-lateral plate of 
the antipectus; it also differs from all the previously mentioned 
groups, approaching the Clythride and allied families, in the 
contraction of the intermediate abdominal segments. 


Cheiloxena Westwoodii, n. sp. (Pl. XIV. figs. 1, 2.) 


Sub-elongata, convexa, opaca, fusca, pilis squamzformibus 
adpressis obscure flavis (his hic illic in elytris in maculas 
parvas condensatis), induta, capite thoraceque fortiter et 
crebre punctatis, hoc sub-cylindrico, lateribus ante medium 
dentato ; elytris fortiter sub-crebre striato-punctatis, utrisque 
sereibus quatuor tuberculorum elevatorum instructis, 

Long. 4—54 lin. 

Sub-elongate, convex, opaque, obscure fuscous, whole body 
covered with short adpressed scale-like hairs, which are con- 
gregated here and on the surface of the elytra into small obscure 
fulvous- patches. Head coarsely and closely punctured; face 
vertical, somewhat wedge-shaped, its inferior margin deeply 
notched; eyes prominent, rotundate-ovate, their inner edge 
feebly sinuate ; antenna robust, nearly three-fourths the length 


256 Mr. J.S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


of thes body, their surface covered with long adpressed pu- 
bescence, finer than that on the body. Thorax rather longer 
than broad, sub-cylindrical, sides rounded, obliquely narrowed 
from the middle to the base, narrowed in front, armed before the 
middle with three or four stout obtuse teeth, placed in an oblique 
row ; anterior margin slightly produced, convex ; surface closely 
and coarsely punctured, almost entirely covered with four or five 
large shallow excavations. Scutellum sub-trigonate, sinuate on 
the sides, the apex rounded, surface closely covered with ad- 
pressed hairs. Elytra considerably broader than the thorax ; 
sides parallel, apex regularly rounded; above convex, trans- 
versely depressed below the basilar space, shoulders laterally pro- 
minent, their apex rounded and compressed,-its edge indistinctly 
sinuate; surface somewhat closely covered with large round 
deeply impressed punctures, longitudinally arranged in strize; on 
each elytra are four rows of elevated oblong tubercles, the inner 
one most distinct, the others only visible on the hinder half of the 
surface. Under part of body sub-opaque, abdomen less closely 
punctured; hinder pair of thighs not extending to the apex of 
the elytra, and not thicker than the rest. 
Hab. Sydney. Collected by Mr. Hunter. 


TABULAR LIST OF THE SPECIES OF SAGRA. 
Divisio I. Elytra basi elevata, infra basin transversim depressa. 


I. Femoribus posticis { maris intus ad basin glabris ; subtus apice 
emarginatis, libiis posticis apice tridentatis. 
* Femoribus posticis subtus tridentatis. 


Sp. 1. Buquetzi, Lesson. 
Var. A (mas). Miuor ; tibiis posticis simplicibus, apice breviter 
mucronatis. 
Sagra perlucida, Lacord. 
** Femoribus posticis subtus bidentatis, dente postico in medio 
emarginationis posito. 


Sp. 2. migrita, Oliv. 


‘Var. A (mas). Femoribus posticis subtus tridentatis ; tibiis 
ejusdem paris simplicibus, apice leviter mucronatis, 
intus ante apicem interdum obsolete unidentatis. 


{ In the following Table the characters are drawn, unless otherwise stated, 
from the normal forms of the fully developed males of the various species. 


some new Species of Sagra, &c. 257 


Var. B. Corpus obscure eneum, ceteris ut in typo. 
Sagra dentipes, Fab.? 


Sp. 3. + dentipes, Fab. 
Sp. 4. + empyrea, Lacord, 


Sp. 5. Drury?, Lacord. 

Var. A (mas). Minor; femoribus posticis elytra vix super- 
antibus, subtus tridentatis, tibiis ejusdem paris simplici- 
bus, apice leviter mucronatis, intus ante apicem interdum 
obsolete unidentatis. 

Sagra tridentata, Weber. 

Var. B (mas). Femoribus posticis subtus bidentatis, czeteris 
ut in var. A. 

Sagra Weberi, Lacord, 


Sp. 6. + chrysochlora, Lacord. 
Sp. 7. longicollis, Lacord. 


Sp. 8. splendida, Weber. 


Var. A (mas). Femoribus posticis elytris vix longioribus. 
Var. B (mas). Minor; femoribus posticis elytris vix longio- 
ribus, subtus tridentatis ; tibiis ejusdem paris simplicibus, 
apice leviter mucronatis, intus ante apicem rarius ob- 
solete unidentatis. 
Sagra ignita, Lacord. 
Sagra formosa, Lacord. 


Sp. 9. speciosa, Lacord. 
Var. A (mas.). Minor; pedibus posticis ut in S, splendida, 
var. B. 
**# Femoribus posticis subtus bidentatis, dente postico ad 
angulum posticum emarginationis posito. 


Sp. 10. Pfeifferi, Baly. 
**** Femoribus posticis sublus unidentatis, dente ante angulum 
anticum emarginalionis posito. 


Sp. 11. superba, Lacord, 


Var. A (mas). Minor; femoribus posticis elytra modice su- 
perantibus, subtus unidentatis ; tibiis posticis simplicibus, 
apice breviter mucronatis. 


+ Sagra Fabrici, Lacord. 


258 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of 


Sp. 12. quadraticollis, Lacord. 


II. Femoribus posticis intus flavo-tomentosis. 

* Tibiis posticis (maris) tridentatis, dente exteriori valido 
plerumque in spinam curvatam producto, dente in- 
terior? minuto, sepe obsoleto. 

a Mesosterno apice obtuso. 


Sp. 13. Javeti, Baly. 
Sp. 14. Senegalensis (Dej.), Klug. 
Sp. 15. Stevens, Baly. 


Sp. 16. Jansoni, Baly. 


b Mesosterno apice truncato. 


Sp. 17. Peteli, Buq. 
Var. A (mas). Minor ; femoribus posticis intus glabris, tibiis 
ejusdem paris simplicibus. 
Sagra pygmea, Lacord. 
** Tibiis posticis apice mucronatis, extus ante apicem late 
emarginatis, intus obsolete tuberculatis. 
Sp. 18. carbunculus, Hope. 


Var. A (mas). Minor; tibiis posticis apice breviter mucro- 
natis, simplicibus. 


Species ad hoc divisionem pertinentes, sed incerte sedis. 


Sp. 19. heterodera, Lacord. 
Sp. 20. lucida, Baly. 


Divisio II. Elytra basi non elevata, infra basin non aut vix trans- 
versim depressa ; corpus oblongo-elongatum aut elongatum. 


I. Processu prosternali nullo. 
* Femoribus intermediis inermibus. 
a Femoribus posticis intus glabris. 


Sp. 21. } amethystina (Dej.), Guér. 


Sp. 22. emarginata, Baly. 


aa Femoribus posticis intus flavo-tomentosis. 


some new Species of Sagra, Se. 259 


Sp. 23. Parryi, Baly. 


Sp. 24. bicolor, Lacord. 


Var. A.(mas). Minor; femoribus posticis subtus ante apicem 
crista basi bidentata instructis. 


Sp. 25. + c@ruleata, Lacord. 
Sp. 26. + Urania, Lacord. 
Sp. 27. seraphica, Lacord. 
Sp. 28. + Adonis, Lacord. 


** Femoribus intermediis subtus unidentatis. 


Sp. 29. Kirbyi, Baly. 


II. Processu prosternali postice producto. 
* Thoracis angulis anticis paullo prominulis, femoribus inter- 
mediis foeminze obtuse unidentatis. 


Sp. 30. éristis, Fabr. 


Sp. 31. Murrayt, Baly. 
** Thoracis angulis anticis sat prominulis ; femoribus inter- 
mediis foeminze subtus acute unidentatis. 


Sp. 32. Dohrnii, Baly. 
Sp. 33. + Galinieri, Reiche. 


Species mihi ignote. 
Sp. 34. + Deyrollu, Thoms. 
Sp. 35. + Signoreti, Thoms. 
Sp. 36. + Lacordairei, Thoms. f 
Sp. 37. + enea, Oliv. 
Sp. 38. + cyanea, Dalm. 
+ This insect is probably my S. Parryi, but Mr. Thomson’s description of the 


hinder thigh is too brief and superficial to enable me to decide with any approach 
to certainty. 


260 Mr. J.S. Baly’s Descriptions of Sagra, §c. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. 


Fig. 1. Cheiloxena Westwoodii. 
2. Cheilorena Westwoodii, lateral view. 

a, head of ditto. 

b, mandibles of ditto. 

c, epistoma of ditto, detached from the head. 

d, lower portion of face of ditto, showing the concave notch below 
which the epistoma is seen. 

e, labrum and epistoma as seen in sité when viewed from above ; 
upper portion corneous epistoma, intermediate ditto the broad 
membranaceous border, lower ditto the labrum. 

Ff, maxilla of ditto, with maxillary palpus. 

g, labium of ditto and labial palpi. 

h, tarsus of ditto. 

i, hinder leg of ditto. 

k, abdomen of ditto. 

3. Hinder thigh of Sagra Javeti, , upper surface. 
4. Hinder thigh of Sagra Pfeifferi, @. 
5. Hinder thigh and tibia of Sagra Parryi, ¢. 

6. Hinder thigh and tibia of Sayra carbunculus, ¢. 
7. Hinder thigh of Sagra bicolor, g. 
8.* Intermediate thigh of Sagra Junsoni, ¢. 
8. Thorax of Sagra Dohrnii. 

9. Hinder thigh of Sagra Dohrnii, Q. 
9,.*Intermediate thigh of Sagra Dohrnii, Q. 

10. Hinder thigh of Sugra Stevensi, g. 

11. Hinder thigh of Sagra splendida, var. B. g. 

12. Hinder thigh of Sagra tristis, g. 

13. Hinder thigh of Sagra Murrayi, ¢. 


( 261 ) 


XXII. On the Genus Erateina, Doubl. ;. with Descriptions 
of some new Species. By W. Witson Saunpvers, Esq., 
F.RS., &e. 

[Read May 7th, 1860.] 


Tue genus Frateina was established by the late talented Lepi- 
dopterist Edward Doubleday, in a paper read before the Ento- 
mological Society, and subsequently published in the 5th volume 
of the Society’s Transactions. It was formed to include certain 
very interesting moths of the family Geometride, natives of the 
mountain regions of tropical America, the males of some of the 
species being very remarkable for a curious fold of the inner 
margin of the posterior wings, the use of which still remains an 
enigma unsolved. E. Doubleday described five species, which are 
well figured in the volume of Transactions before referred to, and 
these he divided into three sections, according to the amount of 
prolongation of the posterior wings into a tail-like process, which 
gives a very peculiar appearance to some of the species. Since 
the publication of E. Doubleday’s paper, little has been done to 
increase our knowledge of this genus, the only additions to it 
being made by Mons. Herrich-Scheffer and Mons. Guenée, the 
former describing one new species in his ‘* Lepidopterorum 
Exoticorum,”’ Nos. 75 and 76, under the name of radiaria, be- 
longing to Doubleday’s 3rd section, and the latter author, in the 
** Suites a Buffon —Lépidoptéres,” vol. 10, another new species, 
belonging to the same section, and to which he gives the name of 
siliquata. He also raises Doubleday’s variety of /anthe with red 
bands on the anterior wings to the place of a species, calling it 
Iphisata, by the use of an affix to Jphis, the name suggested by 
Doubleday for this remarkable variety. This brings up the 
number of species to eight, and I have now detected in the rich 
collection of the British Museum and my own collection six ad- 
ditional species, for which we are indebted to the exertions of 
recent collectors, and of which descriptions will be found here- 
after. These are still derived from the elevated parts of tropical 
America, and especially from the vicinity of Bogota, which appears 
to be the head-quarters of the genus. One of the recent dis- 
coveries, which I have named Regina, is particularly elegant and 
chaste in its markings and colours, and, at the same time, the 
largest in size yet brought to our knowledge. 


962" Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


I am doubtful of the necessity of the dividing this genus into 
sections, otherwise than for the sake of discriminating the species, 
for the Newra seems to be in form intermediate between the 
divisions 1 and 3 of E. Doubleday and the new species lineata, 
which, from its peculiar colouring and form, I am unable to include 
in either of Mr. Doubleday’s divisions, and which I make into a 
fourth division, is again an intermediate form, and must follow 
the division including Neera. 

In the following table will be seen the arrangement which I 
now propose for the species, with such information regarding their 
sexes and native countries which I have been able to obtain. 
From this it will appear that we have positive knowledge of the 
sexes of two species, that we know the males only of four species, 
and the females only of eight species. Naturalists who may be in 
a position to observe these beautiful and interesting insects in 
their native haunts would do science a good turn by studying the 
species carefully, and obtaining some of the information so much 
wanted regarding their transformations, sexes, habits and economy. 


ERATEINA. 

Section 1. 
1. Zoraida, Doub. f and Q............ Venezuela, 
2. \Undalata, 'W.W.'S. fs. ev ornecs ss sDOgOta. 
8: Sinuata, WoW. 8S. 2 92.28.20. 80 5~. Bogota: 
4. Tanthé, Doub. 2 ......2000.206.5s. Venezuela, 
5. Tphisata, Gu. VQ ess cts chs enecees Venezitla: 
6. Julia, Doub. | 2 . sc.we vs ote s te ces oe Venezuela. 
7. Regina, W. Wid. 2 wsscssece, es HBogota. 

Section 2. 
83, Newsa; Doub. + <Q: sabis sis skusrei tee op0.010)2 « DOMVIA: 


Section 3. 
9; Lineata, W.. WsSa Qua iiese a s00in 26,0: DOROtA. 


Section 4. 
10, Margarita, We W'S." 'o. o.sce0 see ee DOCOA. 
ale Obsctra: Wa Ws Su 6 Vas cesses ses | Oe Olas 
Pe Cynthia, GUD. “Duss oacece Gece ye os DOlvias 
13. Siliguata,'Gu. ‘@ atid ¥ .....:....<. Brazil. 
14, Radiaria, H.-Sch. 92 ..............Colombia. 


go and @ of 2 species. 
& only of 4 species. 
¢ only of 8 species. 


Genus Frateina. 263 


1. Erateina undulata, W.W.S. 3. (PI. XV. figs. 1, 1a.) 


Head, antennz and anterior wings above dark umber-brown, 
the latter with a narrowish white band, crossing a little beyond 
the centre, abruptly bent inwards about its middle, and not 
reaching either the anterior or posterior margins of the wing; 
below red-brown, with redder shades, and a transverse white band 
as above, but crossing the wing entirely, and a transverse broader 
ill-defined band about midway between the former and the base 
of the wing, the space beyond being marked with white lines, 
and there is also a small white transverse streak between the two 
white bands. Posterior wings elongated, and produced into an 
obtuse diverging tail; above black-brown, with a broad crimson 
nearly straight band, crossing from near the posterior angle of the 
anterior wing to the inner margin, a little in advance of the base 
of the tail, and having three crimson elongated spots in the 
sinuations of the outer margin, and two of the same colour on the 
inner margin of the tail; below with a narrow crimson band as 
above, and having the base, fold and portion of the basal side of 
the crimson band silvery-white, variously lined diagonally with 
crimson ; then a black-brown sinuated band down the tail, 
corresponding with the dark groundwork of the upperside, and 
three elongated pinkish- white spots on the outer and three on the 
inner margin, including the tail. Thorax and body above dark 
umber-brown. Underside of body and legs white. 

Expansion of wings 1,7, inch. 

Bogota. In the Collection of W. W. Saunders. 


This is near Zoraida of Doub., but differs in the very undu- 
lating and short band of the upperside of the anterior wings, and 
in having only one narrow band on the underside, and in the 
broader and less pointed posterior wings. 


2. Erateina sinuata, W. W.S. @. (Pi. XV. figs. 2, 2a.) 


Head, antenne and anterior wings above dark reddish-brown ; 
underside of anterior wings pale reddish-brown, with a silvery- 
white, nearly straight, rather narrow transverse band, crossing 
nearly the centre of the wing from margin to margin, and having 
the basal portion beyond the band all suffused with silvery-white, 
except an elongate triangular patch of the ground adjoining the 
band. Posterior wings elongate, produced into a broad abrupt 
tail; above dark reddish-brown, with a crimson band, having a 
sinuated margin crossing the wings from the outer angle to the 
inner margin near the base of the tail, and having the space 


264 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


beyond the band black-brown, with four crimson spots fn the 
sinuations of the outer margin and a minute crimson spot on the 
inner margin, just above the termination of the crimson band ; 
below silvery-white at the base, faintly streaked longitudinally 
with red-brown, beyond which is a crimson band, corresponding 
with the band on the upperside, which is here reduced to a mere 
red line, having on its outer margin a series of minute yellow 
streaks running into the dark reddish-brown ground beyond, on 
which are three long white spots on the outer margin and two 
smaller ones of the same colour on the inner margin. Abdomen 
dark brown above, with the underside and legs white. 

Expansion of wings 1,', inch. 

In the collection of W. W. Saunders. Bogota. 


This is very similar in markings to Janthe of Doub., and 
chiefly differs in the broad and obtusely pointed posterior wings. 
I have only seen the female, and in the differences alluded to it 
is readily distinguished from the female of Janthe. 


3. Erateina Regina, W. W.S. 9. (PI. XV. figs. 3, 3a.) 


Head, antenne and thorax dark reddish-brown. Anterior wings 
above bright rust colour, gradually shaded to dark red-brown at 
the base, and on the exterior margin, the fringe of which is 
mottled with black and white; below red-brown, crossed with 
a rather broad nearly straight silvery white band a little beyond 
the middle, and an obsolete whitish transverse band between that 
and the apex, and having the basal portion beyond the silvery 
band suffused with whitish-grey, all but a broad triangular patch 
adjoining the band, the apex of which is towards the posterior 
margin. Posterior wings broad and terminating with a sharply- 
pointed diverging tail; above with a silver band, crossing the wing 
in a slanting direction from the middle of the anterior margin to a 
point on the interior margin about two-thirds its length from the 
base, the band being crossed with black veins and sinuate an- 
teriorily, and having the basal portion beyond the band black-grey, 
and the portion in front of the band velvet-like black, margined with 
red-brown towards the band, and having on the outer margin two 
silver ]unate spots and the tail fringed with the same colour, and 
two spots, one at the base of the tail, and the other just below 
the termination of the silver band also silvery-white; below with 
a broad silver band corresponding with the oe on the upper 
surface, but curved upwards on the inner margin, edged with 
purplish-crimson, and with the basal portion beyond the band dull 


Genus Erateina. 265 


silver, with indistinct crimson longitudinal lines; the outer portion 
of the wing black-brown, with the marking on the margin as above, 
and a series of short golden yellow, very fine oblique lines, running 
from the crimson margin of the band into the black ground. Body 
above dark-brown, below and legs dull white. 

Prom Bogota. In the British Museum. 

Expansion of wings 1-95 inch. 

This is a very distinct species, very unlike any other, is the 
largest yet described, and, at the same time, the most beautiful 
in its markings, 


4, Eratema lineata, W. W.S. @. (PI. XVI. figs. 1, 1a.) 


Head black, with the orbits of the eyes white. Thorax dark- 
brown, with the shoulders red-brown. Anterior wings above 
black-brown, with a straight transverse yellowish-white band from 
the middle of the anterior margin to a point a little within the 
outer margin, near the anal angle, and gradually narrowing as it 
approaches this point; also having a white narrow-line running 
parallel to and a little within the inner margin; below rich crimson- 
brown, with a white band, as on the upper side, and another, 
orange-coloured, nearly midway between that and the outer margin, 
but much narrower, and crossing from the anterior margin to the 
inner angle, and having at the base of the wing a series of yellow 
lines on the nervures. Posterior wings rather broad and slightly 
produced into a broad rounded tail; above black-brown, with 
a large orange-red, inverted, lunate patch near the apex, touching 
the inner margin and extending nearly across the wing, and run- 
ning up towards the hinder angle of the anterior wing, and having 
the basal portion of the wing with the nervures yellowish-white, 
and five white spots on the fringe of the outer margin and apex; 
below bright crimson-brown, with the outer margin broadly 
edged with dark crimson-brown, and fringed with black and white 
in broad patches, having on the dark margin a narrow yellow, 
curved line parallel with the inner margin of tail and outer margin, 
inside of which is a band of the ground colour, then a narrow 
band of yellow; beyond which the nervures are bright yellow. 

3ody above dark-brown, with the segments of the abdomen mar- 
gined with yellow; body beneath and legs yellowish-white. 

Expansion of wings 1,8; inch. 

Bogota. In the collection of the British Museum, and W. W, 
Saunders. 

A very distinet species, with the crimson spot in the posterior 

VOL. V. N.S. PART VII.—Noy. 1860. ; 


266 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the 


wings much varying in size, sometimes reduced to a mere curved 
narrow band. 


‘5. Erateina margarita, W.W.S. g. (Pl. XVI. figs. 2, 2a.) 


Head, antenne and thorax black, the former having two yellow 
lines alongside the eyes, and the latter narrowly margined in 
front with white, and having two fine longitudinal streaks, one on 
the shoulders and one on the vertex of the same colour. Anterior 
wings above black, with a large white semi-transparent oval trans- 
verse spot in the centre of the disk, and a band of the same colour 
arising from the base of the wing and curving backwards, nearly 
parallel with the inner margin, gradually increasing in width, and 
terminating before the internal angle; below red-brown, with a 
silvery-white band corresponding in position with the oval spot on 
the upper side, but elongated so as to touch the anterior margin, 
and also the inner margin; the latter being reached by a line-like 
production parallel to the outer margin, and also another silvery 
band corresponding with the curved band on the upper side, and 
also with a silvery streak arising from the base of the wing and 
running a short distance on to the disk. Posterior wings slightly 
elongated and rounded at the apex; above black, with a large 
oval white spot on the disk, from which there is a pointed elon- 
gation of the same colour in direction of the apex of the wing, 
and with five white spots on the fringe of the outer margin and 
apex; below red-brown, with a semi-oval fold, and with a silver 
spot corresponding with the white spot on the upper side, excepting 
that the prolongation suddenly curves upwards and is continued 
by a narrow band to the inner margin near the fold, which latter 
is margined with silver on the curved side. Body above dark- 
brown; below whitish. Legs whitish, mottled with dark-brown. 

Bogota. 

Expansion of wings | 3, inch. 

In the collection at the British Museum. 


This approaches Cynthia of Doub., but is smaller, and with 
markings on the posterior wings of a different character. 


6. Erateina obscura, W. W.S. 6. (PI. XVI. figs. 3, 3a.) 


Head and thorax black, the former with the inner margin of 
the eyes white, and the latter having a white streak on the vertex, 
Anterior wings above black, with the base greyish, and with an 
oval-white transverse spot on the disk a little beyond the middle ; 
below red-brown, with a white curved band in the position of 


Genus Erateina. 267 


the oval spot of the upper side, commencing on the anterior 
margin, and continued from the base of the spot by a silvery 
curved line running nearly parallel with the outer margin, and on 
to the inner margin, which is broadly suffused with dull silver, 
and with a silver-forked spot at the base and a transverse streak 
of the same colour on the basal side of the band ; posterior wings 
narrow, elongated and rounded at the apex; above brownish- 
black, with a faint white longitudinal streak on the disk; below 
red-brown, with a small semi-oval fold margined with silver on 
the curved side, and having on the disk of the wing a very irre- 
gular silvery longitudinal band, commencing at a point on the 
anterior margin, then expanding suddenly and running towards 
the apex, and terminating in a narrow prolongation reflexed on to 
the inner margin a little above the anal angle, and also having five 
spots on the fringe of the outer margin and apex, and the nervures 
on the basal side of the band white; body black-brown. 

Bogota. In the collection of W. W. Saunders, 

Expansion of wings 1% inch. 

This species nearly resembles the preceding margarita, but 
differs in the posterior wings being more elongated, the fold 
narrower, and in the almost uniform colour of the upper side of 
the former. It is a male, except which, seeing its similarity to 
margarita, | should have made it a variety of that species, 


Le 
ras) 


(268 3) 


XXIII. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Collection 
of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis 
Wacker, Esq., F.L.S., &e. 


[Read February 2nd, 1857.] 


BRACHYCERA. 
Fam. STRATIOMIDA. 


Genus Pritocera, Weid. 


Ptilocera Natalensis ? 


Feem.—Nigra, capite atro nitente, antennis sub-pectinatis apice 
albis, thorace vittis duabus smaragdinis, scutelli spinis duabus 
piceis, pectore argenteo, abdomine vittis quatuor argenteis, 
pedibus ferrugineis, alis sub-cinereis apices versus sub- 
obscurioribus, macula costali nigricante, halteribus ferru- 
ginels apice nigris. 

Ptilocera Natalensis, Gerstacker, Linn. Ent. xl. 334, 3. 

Female.—Black : head deep black, shining; antenne a little 

longer than the breadth of the head, minutely pectinated, white at 
the tips ; thorax with two emerald-green stripes ; scutellum with 
four piceous spines; pectus with silvery tomentum; abdomen 
with four stripes of silvery tomentum, the middle pair much 
abbreviated in front; legs ferruginous, with silvery tomentum ; 
wings slightly greyish, a little darker towards the tips; a blackish 
spot by the middle of the costa; veins black for half the length, 
testaceous from thence to the tips; halteres ferruginous, with 
black knobs. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 


This is probably the female of P: Natalensis, which is described 
as having the wings yellow, blackish at the base. 
Natal. 
Genus CyrpHomyra, Wied. 
Cyphomyia simplex. 
Fem.—Nigra, capite testaceo, scutelli spinis duabus robustis, 
pectore albido, abdomine cyaneo, genubus anticis albidis, 


Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera. 269 


tarsis albis apice nigris, alis obscure cinereis, stigmate ve- 
nisque nigris, halteribus testaceis apice nigris. 


Female.—Black : head testaceous, paler hindward; antennz 
black, longer than the breadth of the head; pectus with whitish 
tomentum ; scutellum with two stout spines; abdomen blue, much 
broader but hardly longer than the thorax ; tip attenuated ; fore- 
knees whitish; tarsi white, with black tips; wings dark grey ; 
stigma and veins black; halteres testaceous, with black knobs. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


This is nearly allied to C. varipes, Gerstacker, but may be dis- 
tinguished from that species by its black thorax. 


Norr.—Two works on Diptera have appeared since these de- 
scriptions were offered to the Entomological Society. 

The first is, ‘‘Catalogue of the described Diptera of North 
America. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by R. Osten 
Sacken.” This work includes the Diptera of Mexico, of Central 
America and of the West Indies, and indicates, as far as possible, 
the locality where each species has been discovered, and the in- 
stances of the extension of its range to South America, and thus 
brings together large materials for the knowledge of the geo- 
graphical distribution of species. 

The other work is ‘‘ Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana di Luigi 
Bellardi, Professore di Storia Naturale. Parte 14. Torino. 
1859.” 

The first part contains the Nemocera, and the families Stra- 
tiomide, Tabanide and Acroceride of the Brachycera. The 
descriptions are distinct and complete, and are accompanied by 
two plates, in which the characters of the species are very well 
delineated. 


Genus Stratiomys, Geoffr. 
Stratiomys constricta. 


Mas.— Atra, capite antico sub-argenteo, scutelli spinis duabus 
piceis, abdominis segmentis sub-argenteo-fasciatis, apice piceo, 
tibiis posticis tarsisque fulvis, alis obscure fuscis basi luridis 
apices versus limpidis. 

Male.—Deep black: head with slightly silvery tomentum in 
fiont, and with grey pubescence beneath and behind; scu- 
tellum with two piceous spines; abdomen piceous at the tip, 
and with a band of slightly silvery tomentum on each segment ; 
tarsi and hind tibie tawny; wings lurid at the base, dark brown 


270 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


from thence to more than half the length, vitreous and colourless 
towards the tips. 

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 

Mexico. 


Stratiomys pinguis. 


Fom.—Nigricans, capite ferrugineo-tomentoso antice albido- 
pubescente, thorace ferrugineo-tomentoso vittis duabus fer- 
rugineis, scutelli spinis duabus ferrugineis, abdominis seg- 
mentis sub-aurato-fasciatis subtus albido-fasciatis vitta lata 
fulva, femoribus tibiisque subtus tarsisque fulvis, alis limpidis 
apud costam luridis. 

Female.—Blackish. Head with ferruginous tomentum, above 
with whitish pubescence in front; hind side with silvery to- 
mentum. Antenne black ; third joint lanceolate towards the tip, 
much longer than the first. Thorax with ferruginous tomentum, 
and with a ferruginous stripe along each side. Scutellum with 
two ferruginous spines. Abdomen with bands of slightly gilded » 
tomentum on the borders of each segment ; underside with bands 
of whitish tomentum, which are dilated on each side, and with a 
broad tawny discal stripe. Femora and tibize beneath and tarsi 
tawny. Wings vitreous, lurid along the costa from the base to 
nearly two-thirds of the length. 

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 

This may possibly be the female of S. constricta, though so 
different from it in appearance. 

Mexico. 


Genus Critettaria, Meig. 
Clitellaria obesa. 


Mas.—Cyanea, capite antennisque nigris, thorace conico, scu- 
tello spinis quatuor, abdomine nigro sub-punctato, pedibus 
nigris, tarsis fulvis, alis sub-cinereis basi fuscescentibus, ma- 
cula costali fusca, venis nigris. 

Male.—Dark blue, thick. Head black. Antenne black, 
shorter than the breadth of the head; third joint linear, acu- 
minated ; arista shorter than the third joint. Thorax conical. 
Scutellum with four spines. Abdomen black, minutely punctured, 
not longer than broad. Legs black; tarsi tawny. Wings grey- 
ish-vitreous, brownish at the base, and with a brown spot by the 
costa before half the length; veins black. 


Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 
Mexico. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 271 


Genus Curysocutora, Latr. 
Chrysochlora purpurea. 


Mas.—Cyaneo-purpurea, antennis, coxis femoribusque nigris, 
thorace nigro-pubescente, femoribus subtus plus minusve 
testaceis, tibiis tarsisque pallide testaceis, alis fuscescente 
cinereis striga fusca, venis nigris, halteribus albidis. 

Male.—Purple, varied with blue. Antenne black. Thorax 

with short black pubescence. Coxee and femora black ; femora 
more or less testaceous beneath ; tibize and tarsi pale testaceous. 
Wings brownish-grey, with a brown streak on each side of the 
discal vein from the base to half the length; veins black. Halteres 
whitish. 

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines. 

Mexico. 

Genus Sarcus, Fabr. 
Sargus subinterruptus ? 


Mas ?—Testaceus, capite atro subtus albido, antennarum ar- 
ticulo 3° nigro-notato, arista nigra, abdomine fasciis quatuor 
(una integra tribusque interruptis) apiceque nigris, femoribus 
posticis supra basique nigricantibus, tibiis posticis atris, alis 
sub-cinereis extus fuscescentibus, venis nigris. 

Male ?—Testaceous. Head deep black above, whitish beneath. 
Antenne short; third joint round, marked with black; arista 
black, stout at the base. Abdomen paler than the thorax, with 
four black bands and a black tip; second, third and fourth bands 
each composed of two large round spots. Hind femora blackish 
above at the base; hind tibiz deep black. Wings brownish, very 
slightly greyish for nearly half the length from the base; veins 
black. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Mexico. 

Sargus subinterruptus, mas? Bellardi, Ditt. Mess. i. 44, 9, 
Dio tatis 22 


Sargus rufibasis. 


Feem.—tLurido- nigricans, antennarum articulo 38° ferrugineo, 
abdomine purpurascente, disco basali apiceque lurido-rufis, 
pedibus albis, femoribus dimidio apicali nigris, alis sub- 
cinereis extus fuscescentibus, venis nigris, halteribus tes- 
taceis. 


Female.—Blackish, with a lurid tinge. Antenne black ; third 


272 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


joint ferruginous, nearly oval; seta slender, a little longer than 
the rest of the antenne. Abdomen purplish, lurid red at the tip 
and in the disk towards the base. Legs white; femora black for 
about half the length from the tips. Wings brownish, greyish for 
nearly half the length from the base; veins black. Halteres pale 
testaceous. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Natal. 


Fam. TABANID. 


Genus Panconta, Latr. 
Pangonia atrifera. 


Mas.—Atra, proboscide thoracis longitudine, thorace nigro- 
pubescente, abdominis lateribus nigro-pilosis, tarsis subtus 
piceis, alis nigricantibus apice et apud marginem interiorem 
obscure cinereis, venz cubitalis ramo antico furcam emit- 
tente. 


Male.—Deep black. Proboscis as long as the thorax. Antenne 
black, not dentate. Thorax with thick black pubescence. Ab- 
domen broader and a little longer than the thorax, with short 
black hairs along each side. Tarsi piceous beneath. Wings 
blackish, dark cinereous at the tips and along the interior border ; 
veins black; fore branch of the cubital vein emitting a fork at 
its angle. 

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines. 

Allied to P. rhinophora, Bellardi. 

Mexico. 


Pangonia tenuirostris. 


Mas.—Cervina, capite antico ferrugineo, proboscide non thoracis 
longitudine, palpis antennisque fulvis, thorace abdomineque 
aurato-pubescentibus albido-sub-tomentosis, abdomine pedi- 
busque fulvis, alis obscure cinereis basi et apud costam 
fuscescentibus, venze cubitalis ramo antico furcam emittente, 
halteribus apice albidis. 


Allied to P. leucopogon, Wd. Male.—Fawn-colour: head 
ferruginous in front, whitish hindward, with pale hairs beneath ; 
proboscis slender, shorter than the thorax; palpi and antenne 
tawny, the latter slender and simple; thorax and abdomen with 
gilded pubescence, and with very slight whitish tomentum; abdo- 
men and legs tawny; wings dark-grey, brownish at the base and 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 273 


along the costa; fore branch of the cubital vein emitting a fork 
near its base; hind branch joining the first externo-medial vein 
at some distance from the border; sub-anal joining the anal at 
some distance from the border; halteres with whitish tips. 
Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines. 
Mexico. 


Genus Tapanus, Linn. 


Tabanus dorsifer. 


. 


Foem.—Glauco-cinereus, capite albido pilis subtus albis, callo 
nigro postice lato antice sub-quadrato ferrugineo, palpis 
albidis, antennis parvis, thoracis vittis quinque pectoreque 
albidis, abdomine maculis lateralibus ferrugineis, segmen- 
torum marginibus maculisque quatuor trigonis lateralibus 
albis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, alis cinereis, halteribus apice 
albidis. 

Allied to 7. dorsiger, Wd.  Female.—Glaucous-cinereous : 
head whitish, with white hairs beneath; callus black, broad, 
attenuated in front, and joining a ferruginous shining sub-quad- 
rate spot; proboscis black ; Jancets ]uteous; palpi whitish ; an- 
tenne black, small; third joint slightly dilated and angular ; 
thorax with five whitish stripes; pectus whitish; abdomen with 
dull ferruginous spots on each side; hind borders of the seg- 
ments white; a large triangular white spot on each of the third 
and fourth segments; legs black; tibiae tawny, with black tips ; 
wings cinereous; veins black; fore branch of the cubital vein 
obtusely angular at its base, not emitting a fork; sub-anal vein® 
joining the anal at some distance from the border; halteres with 
whitish knobs. 

Length of the body 63 lines; of the wings 13 lines. 

Mexico. 


Tabanus commixtus. 


Feem.—Fuscus, capite cervino subtus albido pilis albis, callo 
gracillimo antice dilatato quadrato, palpis albidis, antennis 
fulvis apice nigris, thorace cinereo, pectore albido pilis albis, 
abdomine vittis tribus (lateralibus macularibus) testaceis, 
ventre pallide testaceo, pedibus testaceis, tarsis femoribus 
basi tibiisque apice nigris, alis cinereis, venis transversis vix 
nebulosis, halteribus albis. 

Allied to T. rufiventris, Macq., but with a longer and narrower 

abdomen. Female.—Brown: head fawn-colour, with a very slender 


274 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


callus, in front of which there is a black shining quadrate spot ; 
underside whitish, with white hairs; palpi whitish; antennz 
tawny, dilated into a tooth at the base of the third joint, black 
towards the tips; thorax with cinereous tomentum ; pectus whitish, 
with white hairs; abdomen with three testaceous stripes; the 
lateral stripes composed of oblique elongated testaceous spots ; 
underside pale testaceous; legs testaceous; tarsi, femora at the 
base, and tibize at the tips, black; fore legs deep black, their 
tibiae testaceous for half the length from the base; wings grey ; 
veins black, ferruginous at the base; transverse veins hardly 
clouded; fore branch of the cubital vein obtusely angular at the 
base, not emitting a branch; sub-anal vein joining the anal at 
some distance from the border; halteres white. 

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Mexico. 


Tabanus alteripennis. 


Foem.—Ferrugineus, capite albido, callo gracillimo, antennis 
S ’ ’ 5 > 
luteis, dente apiceque nigris, thorace vittis tribus obscuri- 
oribus, pectore cano, abdomine apicem versus nigricante, 
pedibus anticis nigris, alis obscure cinereis albo-trimaculatis, 
stigmate nigricante, halteribus albidis apice nigris. 
te] to} ’ oD 


Allied to 7. diversipennis, Female.—Ferruginous: head with 
whitish tomentum; callus very slender; eyes nearly contiguous 
above ; proboscis black ; antennze luteous, black towards the tips; 
third joint slightly dilated, and with a minute black tooth near its 
base; thorax with three indistinct darker stripes; pectus hoary; 
abdomen blackish above towards the tip, with the exception of 
the hind borders of the segments; fore legs black; wings dark 
grey, with three white spots on the disk of each, the third spot 
smaller than the other two, and on the base of the fore branch of 
the cubital vein, which has the usual form, and emits no fork ; 
stigma blackish; halteres whitish, with black knobs. 

Var. B. Darker: abdomen not blackish towards the tip; wings 
partly blackish. 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Mexico. 


Tabanus purus. 


Foem.—Pallide testaceo-flavus, callo longo gracili antice sub- 
dilatato, proboscide nigro, thorace pectoreque albido-sub- 
tomentosis, alis limpidissimis, venis albido-testaceis, venz 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 275 


cubitalis ramo antico angulato furcam emittente, stigmate 
flavescente, halteribus albidis. 


Allied to 7. inconspicuus, Female.—Pale testaceous yellow : 
head witb the callus long and slender, but slightly dilated in 
front; proboscis black; antennee with the third joint very small 
and slender, but dilated and angular towards its base; thorax 
and pectus with slight whitish tomentum; abdomen somewhat 
brighter than the thorax. Wings quite vitreous; veins whitish 
testaceous, somewhat darker along the costa; fore-branch of the 
cubital vein forming a well-defined obtuse angle at its base, and 
there emitting a fork; sub-anal vein joining the anal at some 
distance from the border ; stigma yellowish; halteres whitish, 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 9 lines. 

Mexico. 

Tabanus incipiens. 


Feem.—Niger, capite albido. callo nigro tenui antice posticeque 
dilatato sub-quadrato, palpis albis, antennis ferrugineis, 
thorace cinereo, pectoris Jateribus albidis, segmentorum ab- 
dominalium marginibus posticis maculisque dorsalibus tri- 
gonis albidis, tibiis albis apice nigris, alis sub-cinereis, venze 
cubitalis ramo antico angulato furcam brevissimam emittente. 

Allied to TJ. trinotatus, Wd. Female.-—Black: head whitish, 

with a very slight callus between two black sub-quadrate shining 
spots; palpi white; antenna ferruginous; third joint hardly di- 
lated; thorax with cinereous tomentum; pectus whitish on each 
side ; abdomen with a whitish band on the hind border of each 
segment, these bands dilated and angular in the middle above ; 
tibiae white, with black tips; wings greyish; veins black ; fore- 
branch of the cubital vein forming a well-defined slightly obtuse 
angle at its base, and then emitting an extremely short fork ; sub- 
anal vein joining the anal very near the border. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Amazon region. 

Tabanus abscondens. 

Feem.—Nigricans, capite subtus pilis albis, callo longo gracili 
antice sub-dilatato, palpis fulvis, antennis parvis obscure fer- 
rugineis apice nigris, thoracis lateribus ferrugineis, abdo- 
minis segmentis ferrugineo - marginatis, ventre ferrugineo 
fasciis abbreviatis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tibiis anticis apice 
femoribus anticis tarsisque anticis nigris, alis sub-cinereis, 
halteribus albidis. 


Allied to 7. tenebrosus. Female.—Blackish. Head with white 


276. Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


hairs beneath; callus long, slender, slightly wider in front. Palpi 
tawny. Antenne small, dark ferrugivous, black towards the tips ; 
third joint with a very small tooth. Thorax ferruginous on each 
side; pectus partly ferruginous, with white hairs. Abdomen 
with the hind borders of the segments ferruginous; underside 
ferruginous, with short black bands. Legs tawny; fore-femora, 
fore-tarsi and tips of the fore-tibize black. Wings greyish; veins 
black, ferruginous at the base; fore-branch of the cubital vein 
obtusely angular at its base, not emitting a branch; sub-anal vein 
joining the anal at some distance from the border. Halteres 
whitish. 

Length of the body 63 lines; of the wings 14 lines. 

Burmah. 


Fam. ACROCERIDA. 
Genus Cyrtus, Latr. 


Cyrtus orbifer. 


Mas.—Niger, proboscide corporis longitudine, antennis basi 
testaceis, thorace pilis pallidis fulvis dense vestito, abdominis 
segmentis testaceo-marginatis, pedibus pallide luteis, alis 
sub-cinereis, venis nigris. 

Male.—Black; proboscis curved towards the tip, as long as 
the body; antenne very slender, testaceous at the base; thorax 
thickly clothed with pale tawny hairs; abdomen with a testaceous 
band on the hind border of each segment; legs pale luteous; wings 
slightly cinereous; veins black, well defined. 


Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 
Natal. 


Fam. ASILIDZ. 
Sub-fam. DasypoGonirTeEs. 


Genus Dasypocon, Fab. 


Dasypogon secabilis. 


Foem.—Aurato-flavus, capite supra nigro fascia antica fer- 
ruginea, mystace aurato, proboscide palpis antennisque fulvis, 
thorace fulvo vittis duabus latissimis cinereo-ferrugineis tri- 
busque angustis incompletis’ sub-auratis, abdomine nigro 
segmentorum marginibus aurato-flavis, pedibus fulvis nigro- 
spinosis, femoribus posterioribus basi nigris, alis cinereis, 
venis fulvo-vittatis, halteribus flavis. 

Group of D. brunneus; see Cat. Dipt. 2nd series, ii, 420. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 277 


Female.—Gilded yellow. Head black between the eyes; front 
flat, with a short ferruginous stripe extending from the base of 
the antennze; mystax with a few pale gilded bristles. Proboscis, 
palpi and antenne tawny ; third joint of the antenne sub-lanceo- 
late, rather longer than the first and the second together. Thorax 
tawny ; two very broad ferruginous cinereous-tinged stripes ; 
three slight somewhat incomplete pale gilded stripes, the lateral 
pair between the ferruginous stripes and the pectus, which is 
partly ferruginous; scutellum gilded yellow. Abdomen black, 
with a gilded yellow band on the hind border of each segment. 
Legs tawny, stout, long, with black spines ; posterior femora 
black towards the base. Wings cinereous, with tawny stripes 
along the black veins. Halteres pale yellow. 
Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 18 lines. 


This species has some resemblance to D. Mexicanus, Macq,, 
but may be distinguished by the colour of the thorax. 
Mexico. 
Dasypogon gelascens. 


Mas.—Argenteo-albus, capite subtus albo-piloso, epistomate 
plano, mystace albo, antennis nigris, thoracis disco cinereo, 
abdomine fasciis duabus latis abbreviatis nigris, pedibus 
validis albo-setosis, alis sub-cinereis, halteribus albis. 

Male.—Pure silvery-white: head with white hairs beneath ; 
epistoma quite flat; mystax with white bristles; proboscis and 
antenne black ; disk of the thorax cinereous; abdomen with two 
broad abbreviated black bands; legs stout, with white bristles; 
ungues black; wings slightly greyish; veins black; halteres 
white. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 

Dasypogon proclivis. 

Mas.—Niger, capite antico rufescente, mystace albido, antennis 
basi ferrugineis, thorace cinereo, abdomine rufo, maculis 
quatuor lateralibus apice ventreque nigris, guttis quatuor 
lateralibus albidis, pedibus fulvis validis, tarsorum articulis 
apice nigris, alis fuscis postice cinereis, halteribus ru- 
fescentibus, 

This and the two following species belong to the group of D, 
Spectrum. See Cat. Dipt., 2nd Ser., ti. 471. Male.—Black. 
Head reddish in frout ; mystax with ten whitish bristles. An- 
tennee ferruginous towards the base; third joint nearly linear, 


278 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


longer than the first and the second. Thorax with cinereous to- 
mentum. Abdomen red-black at the tip, and with two black 
spots and two whitish dots on each side ; underside black. Legs 
tawny, stout; cox black; joints of the tarsi with black tips. 
Wings brown, dark greyish along the hind border ; veins black. 
Halteres reddish. 

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines. 

Barmah. 


Dasypogon inopinatus. 

Mas.—Niger, capite pectoreque auratis, mystace albido, thorace 
vittis quatuor auratis maculisque duabus humeralibus fulvis, 
abdomine nigro-eeneo nitente maculis transversis lateralibus 
albidis, pedibus fulvis validis, alis sub-luridis apice cinerels, 
halteribus fulvis. 

Male.—Black. Head in front ferruginous, or whitish gilded, 
according to the direction in which it is viewed. Mystax whitish. 
Third joint of the antennz almost linear, hardly tapering from the 
base to the tip, rather longer than the first and the second toge- 
ther. Thorax with four gilded stripes, and with a tawny spot on 
each shoulder. Pectus mostly gilded. Abdomen eneous black, 
shining; hind borders of the segments with transverse whitish 
spots on each side. Legs tawny, stout; spines paler. Wings 
slightly lurid, cinereous towards the tips; veins tawny, black 
towards the tips and along the hind border. Halteres tawny. 

Length of the body 83 lines; of the wings 16 lines. 

Burmah. 

Dasypogon inopportunus. 

Feem.— Niger, capite albido nitente pilis subtus albidis, mystace 
albo, abdomine nigro-cupreo pilis apicalibus albidis, fe- 
moribus tibiisque anticis apice fulvis, alis nigricantibus 
postice pallidioribus, halteribus testaceis apice nigris, 

Female.—Black. Head with whitish tomentum and hairs, white 
and shining or tawny in front according to the direction in which 
it is viewed; mystax white. Palpi with stout black bristles. 
Third joint of the antennz slightly attenuated from the middle to 
the tip, much longer than the first and the second together. 
Abdomen cupreous black, with some short whitish hairs at the 
tip. ‘Lips of fore-femora and fore-tibize towards the tips tawny ; 
spines pale testaceous. Wings blackish, somewhat paler along 
the hind border; veins black. Halteres testaceous, with black 
knobs. 

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines. 

Burmah. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 279 


Dasypogon decretus. 


Mas.—Ater, capite cinereo pilis subtus albidis, mystace nigro, 
antennarum articulo 3° clavato, thorace vittis duabus cinereis 
duabusque lateralibus albidis, abdomine albo-canescente, pilis 
lateralibus albidis, sexualibus rufis maximis, tibiis anterioribus 
testaceis, femoribus anticis fulvo-strigatis, alis cyaneo-nigris, 
halteribus ferrugineis. 


Genus Microstylum, Macq. Male.—Deep black. Head with 
cinereous tomentum, with some whitish hairs beneath; mystax 
with a few black bristles, Third joint of the antennz clavate, 
a little longer than the first and the second together. Thorax 
with two cinereous stripes, and with two lateral whitish stripes, 
which are much more distinct than the cinereous pair. Pectus 
with whitish hairs. Abdomen with hoary white tomentum above ; 
second, third and fourth segments with whitish hairs on each side; 
sexual appendages red, very large. Anterior tibiz testaceous ; 
fore femora with a slight tawny streak. Wings bluish black. 
Halteres ferruginous. 

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 

Burmah. 


Genus DiscocerHata, Macq. 
Discocephala divisa. 


Fem.—Nigra, thorace sat convexo, lateribus pectoreque cine- 
reis, pedibus validis, alis nigris fascia lata alba, halteribus apice 
albidis. 


Female.— Black : eyes in front flat and with large facets ; thorax 
somewhat convex, cinereous on each side; pectus cinereous ; legs 
stout; wings black, with a broad white band beyond the middle ; 
halteres with whitish knobs. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


Discocephala interlineata. 


Fom.—Nigra, capite albido, thorace vittis quatuor luteis pos- 
tice connexis, lineis duabus interioribus indistinetis pallidis, 
scutello pallide luteo, pectore albido, abdominis lateribus 
ventreque cinereis, pedibus albido-setosis, tarsis posticis 
subtus aurato-tomentosis, alis nigricantibus, halteribus albis. 

Female —Black: head whitish; thorax with four pale luteous 


stripes, which are united hindward; two indistinct pale lines be- 
tween the interior stripes, which are abbreviated in front; scutellum 


280 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


pale luteous ; pectus whitish; abdomen cinereous on each side 
and beneath; legs with rather long whitish bristles; hind tarsi 
with gilded tomentum beneath ; wings blackish, black towards the 
base along the costa; halteres white. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


Sub-Fam. LAPHRITES. 
Genus Lampria, Macq. 
Lampria bitincta. 


Mas.—Nigra, capite antico ferrugineo, pilis subtus albidis, 
abdomine fulvo depresso lineari, pedibus fulvis, femoribus 
validis, tibiis posticis dilatatis arcuatis ciliatis, alis obscure 
cinereis apud costam basalem luteis, halteribus testaceis. 


Male.— Black: head ferruginous in front, with whitish hairs 
beneath; proboscis porrect; abdomen tawny, flat, linear; legs 
tawny; femora stout, especially the hind pair; hind tibiz dilated, 
curved, ciliated; wings dark grey, a little paler along the hind 
border, luteous along the costa for more than one-third of the 
length from the base; hind branch of the cubital vein and first - 
externomedial vein united at some little distance from the border; 
third and fourth externomedial veins united at some distance from 
the border; sub-anal and anal veins united far from the border; 
halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Amazon Region. 


Genus Larnrtia, Fabr. 
Laphria formidolosa. 


Mas.—Nigra, .capite albo-piloso, mystace nigro, antennarum 
articulo 3° fusiformi, thoracis vittis tribus angustis pectoreque 
canis, abdomine rufescente lanceolato, ventre nigro, pedibus 
validis albido-pilosis et nigro-setosis, alis nigricantibus, hal- 
teribus pallide testaceis. 

Group of L. Amandus. See Cat. Dipt. 2nd Ser. i. 533. 
Male. —Black, with black hairs. Head with white hairs on each 
side of the front, and beneath; front prominent and with numerous 
black bristles in the disk. Third joint of the antennae fusiform, 
a little longer than the first and the second together. Thorax 
with three slender hoary stripes. Pectus hoary. Abdomen red- 
dish, lanceolate; underside black and with black hairs, reddish 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 281 


and with reddish hairs at the tip. Legs stout, with whitish hairs 
and black bristles. Wings blackish; veins black; fore-fork of 
the cubital vein slightly curved; hind fork and first externo- 
medial vein united on the border; third externomedial vein 
curved, joining the fourth rather far from the border. Halteres 
pale testaceous. 

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 18 lines. 

Mexico. 


Laphria componens. 


Mas.—Nigra, capite albo, epistomate plano, mystace nigro, 
antennarum articulo 3° fusiformi, thoracis vittis duabus an- 
ticis pectoreque cinereis, abdomine cyanescente purpureo, 
pilis lateralibus albidis, tibiis anterioribus testaceis, tarsis 
subtus et tarsis anterioribus basi testaceis, alis cinerascentibus, 
haiteribus albido-testaceis. 


Male.—Black: head with white tomentum; vertex with two 
long setze on the tubercle; epistoma quite flat, with a few slight 
white bristles; proboscis short, lanceolate; third joint of the 
antennze fusiform, a little longer than the first and the second 
together; thorax with two cinereous stripes in front; pectus 
cinereous; abdomen bluish-purple, with whitish hairs along each 
side; legs rather slender, with long slender bristles; anterior 
tibize testaceous; tarsi beneath and anterior tarsi at the base 
testaceous; wings greyish; veins black; halteres whitish tes- 
taceous. 

Length of the body 34 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


Laphvria triligata. 


Feem.—Nigra, capite apud oculos argenteo, pilis subtus albidis, 
mystace nigro, antennarum articulo 3° subfusiformi, pectore 
cinereo, abdomine rufo, basi nigro, alis nigricantibus basi 
sub-limpidis. 

Female.—Black, and with black hairs: head silvery about the 
eyes, and with whitish hairs beneath; face convex towards the 
epistoma; mystax with several black bristles; proboscis porrect ; 
third joint of the antennz sub-fusiform, a little longer than the 
first and the second together; pectus cinereous; abdomen red, 
black at the base; wings blackish, nearly colourless towards the 
base; veins black. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 63 lines. 

Mexico. 

VOL. V.. N. S. PART VII.—Nov. 1860, U 


282 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Laphria abscissa. 


Foem.—Nigra, mystace nigro, abdomine apicem versus sub- 
latiore, pedibus validis, alis nigricantibus dimidio feré basali 
sub-limpidis. ) 

Female.—Black: front prominent; mystax with black bristles ; 
proboscis porrect; abdomen a little broader towards the tip, 
longer than the thorax; legs stout; wings blackish, almost 
colourless for nearly half the Jength from the base. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Burmah. 


Genus Atomosia, Macq. 
Alomosia sericans. 


Mas.—Nigra, fronte cinerascente, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus 
testaccis, tibiis posticis fulvis apice nigris, tarsis posticis basi 
fulvis, alis nigricantibus, venis nigris, halteribus albidis. 

Male.--Black: head with somewhat cinereous tomentum in 

front; anterior tibize and tarsi testaceous, with paler shining 
tomentum; hind tibiae tawny, with black tips, slightly clavate ; 
hind tarsi slightly dilated, tawny at the base; wings blackish, 
darkest along the costa beyond the middle; veins black; halteres 
whitish. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 43 lines. 

Mexico. 


Sub-Fam. ASILITES. 
Genus Truranea, Macq. 
Trupanea apivora. 

Feem.-—Cinereo-nigra, capite subtus pilis albidis, fronte rufescente, 
thorace vittis tribus indistinetis cinereis, pectore cinereo, 
abdomine segmentis cinereo-marginatis, apice nigro nitido, 
pedibus fulvis, coxis genubus tarsisque nigris, alis fuscescen- 
tibus, venis nigris basi fulvis. 

Female.—Cinereous black: head with whitish hairs beneath ; 
front prominent, reddish, with pale hairs; thorax with three 
indistinct cinereous bands; pectus cinereous; abdomen with a 
cinereous band on the hind border of each segment, with whitish 
hairs towards the base; tip black and shining; legs tawny, very 
stout; coxe, knees and tarsi black; wings brownish; veins 
black, tawny at the base. 

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 14 lines. 

Burmah. 

* This fly devours the very large black bees.”—MSS. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 283 


Trupanea lateralis. 


Mas.—Nigra, capite subtus pilis albidis dense vestito, fronte 
fulva pilis sub-auratis, mystace aurato, thorace vittis tribus 
indistinctis cinereis, lateribus pectoreque canis, abdomine 
vittis duabus lateralibus latis testaceo-albidis subtus cinereo, 
pedibus robustis, tibiis luteis apice nigris, alis cinereis, striga 
sub-costali sub-apicali obscuriore. 


Male.—Black: head tawny in front, thickly clothed with 
whitish hairs beneath ; front with numerous slightly gilded hairs ; 
epistoma with many gilded bristles ; thorax with three indistinct 
cinereous stripes; sides and pectus hoary; abdomen with two 
broad testaceous whitish stripes; underside cinereous ; legs very 
stout ; tibiz luteous, with black tips; wings cinereous, with a dark 
grey steak along the apical part of the costa; veins black, normal. 

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines, 

Mexico. 


Genus Asttus, Linn. 
Asilus inamatus. 


Foem.—Niger, capite albido, fronte sub-testacea setis nigris, 
epistomate plano, mystace albido, thorace fasciis duabus 
indistinctis cinereis, lateribus pectoreque canis, abdomine 
sub-cinereo, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, alis sub-cinereis, venis 
nigris. 

Female.—Black : head with whitish tomentum, front with 
slightly testaceous tomentum, wholly beset with black bristles; 
epistoma quite flat, with some whitish bristles; thorax with two 
indistinct cinereous stripes; sides and pectus hoary ; abdomen 
slightly cinereous ; tibia tawny, black towards the tips, wings 
greyish; veins black. 

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. 

- Mexico. 


Asilus perrumpens. 


Mas.—Cinereus, capite pilis subtus albis, mystace setis infe- 
rioribus albidis superioribus nigris, antennis nigris, thorace 
vitta lata nigricante vittam angustam cineream includente, 
abdominis segmentis nigro late marginatis, pedibus robustis, 
alis cinereis, halteribus albidis apice fulvis. 


Male.—Cinereous : head with black bristles behind, and with 
white hairs beneath ; front slightly convex towards the epistoma ; 
mystax with several whitish bristles, above which are some shorter 

u2 


284. Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


black bristles ; proboscis and antennze black ; thorax with a broad 
blackish stripe, including a slender cinereous stripe; abdomen 
with a broad black band on the fore-border of each segment, 
wholly pale cinereous towards the tip; legs very stout, with pale 
cinereous hairs and black spines; wings cinereous, extending 
very little beyond the tip of the abdomen; veins black ; fore-fork 
of the cubital vein forming a nearly right angle, which emits a 
short branch; halteres whitish, with tawny knobs. 

Length of the body 83 lines; of the wings 14 lines. 

Mexico. 


Genus Damatis, Fabr. 
- Damalis signatus. 


Fcem.—Testaceus, capite nigricante, epistomate plano, setis 
quatuor nigris, antennis nigris, thoracis disco nigro valde 
convexo, abdominis maculis lateralibus apiceque nigris, pe- 
dibus fulvis validis nigro-setosis, femoribus posticis nigro- 
spinosis, alis vitreis sub-luridis, venis nigris basi et apud 
costam testaceis. 


Female.—Testaceous: head blackish, testaceous about the base 
of the proboscis; epistoma quite flat, with four black bristles; 
antenne black; thorax very convex, its disk black; abdomen 
black towards the tip, and with a row of black spots on each side ; 
legs tawny, stout, with black bristles; hind femora with black 
spines ; wings vitreous, with a slight lurid tinge; veins black, 
testaceous at the base and along the costa. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines. 

Burmah, 


Fam. LEPTIDA. 
Genus Curysopita, Macq. 
Chrysopila trifasciata. 


Foem.— Picea, capite pectoreque cano - tomentosis, proboscide 
testaceo, antennis nigris, thorace sub-cinereo, abdomine nigro, 
segmentis testaceo-marginatis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigri- 
cantibus, alis sub-cinereis extus et apud venas obscurioribus, 
stigmate nigricante, halteribus pallide testaceis apice nigris. 


Female.—Piceous: head and pectus with hoary tomentum ; 
proboscis testaceous; antenne black; thorax with a slight ci- 
nereous tinge; abdomen black, with a testaceous band on the 
hind border of each segment; legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish ; 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 285 


wings greyish, dark grey along the veins and on more than one- 
third of the length from the tips; stigma blackish; veins black ; 
fore-fork of the cubital vein nearly rectangular and emitting a 
rudimentary fork at its base; halteres pale testaceous, with black 
knobs. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Mexico. 


Chrysopila basalis. 


Mas.—Picea, capite pectoreque cano-tomentosis, antennis nigris, 
thorace vittis tribus testaceis, abdomine basi pedibusque pal- 
lide testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus, alis limpidis, stigmate 
magno nigricante, venis nigris. 

Male.—Piceous: head and pectus with hoary tomentum; an- 
tennz black; thorax with three dull testaceous stripes ; abdomen 
pale testaceous at the base; legs pale testaceous ; tarsi blackish ; 
wings vitreous; stigma large, blackish; veins black. 

Length of the body 2? lines; of the wings 5} lines. 

Mexico. 


Fam. BOMBYLIDE&. 
Sub-fam. ANTHRACITEs. 
Genus AnTHRAX, Fabr. 
Anthrax trifigurata. 


Foem.—-Nigra, capite testaceo, thorace fuscescente tomentoso 
setis anticis lateralibus nigris, abdomine fascia antica maculis 
duabus transversis apiceque argenteis, alis sub-cinereis apud 
costam fuscescentibus, fasciis quatuor nigro-fuscis e maculis 
confluentibus, guttis duabus sub-apicalibus fuscis. 


Group of A. Proserpina. See Dipt. Saund. 165. Female.— 
Black: head with testaceous tomentum ; antenne and legs black ; 
thorax with brownish tomentum, with black bristles on each side 
in front; abdomen with a silvery band near the base, with a trans- 
verse silvery spot on each side hindward, and with a silvery tip ; 
wings slightly greyish, brownish along the costa, and with four 
blackish-brown irregular bands, which are composed of confluent 
spots: first band basal; second, third and fourth connected in 
front; two sub-apical brown dots, the fore one much larger than 
the hind one. 

Length of the body 73 lines; of the wings 18 lines. 

Haiti. 


286 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Genus Bomsytius, Linn, 
Bombylius albavitta ? 


Feem.—Fuscus, subtus testaceus albido-tomentosus, antennis 
nigris, thorace vittis duabus lateralibus albidis postice con- 
nexis, abdomine vitta argentea, lateribus albidis, pedibus 
testaceis, tarsis nigris, alis antice fuscis postice sub-cinereis. 


Bombylius albavitta? Macq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 1850, 421, 
54, pl. 11, f. 5. HKemale.—Brown testaceous, and with whitish 
tomentum beneath: head whitish beneath; proboscis a little 
longer than the breadth of the head; antennz black, slender ; 
thorax with two whitish lateral stripes, which are united behind 
the scutellum ; abdomen with a silvery stripe, whitish along each 
side; legs testaceous ; tarsi black ; wings brown in front, greyish 
hindward, the grey part occupying the tips, but not extending to 
the base of the hind border. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines. 

Australia. 


Bombylius furiosus. 


Mas.—Ater, pilis nigris dense vestitus, thorace fascia antica 
lata testacea, abdomine pilis lateralibus late rufis, alis sub- 
cinereis basi nigris apud costam sub-fuscescentibus. 


Male.—Deep black, thickly clothed with black hairs: thorax 
with a broad testaceous band in front; sides of the abdomen with 
bright red hairs, which do not extend to the tip; wings slightly 
greyish, black at the base, slightly brownish along the costa for 
two-thirds of the length; veins black. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Natal. 


Fam. EMPID. 
Genus Hysos, Fabr. 
Hybos vittatus. 


Mas.—Niger, thorace vittis quatuor cinereis, pedibus testaceis, 
tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris, illis et femoribus anticis 
apice testaceis, tarsis apice nigris, alis nigricantibus, maculis 
duabus costalibus cinereis, stigmate venisque nigris. 


Male.—Black: proboscis slender, porrect ; third joint of the 
antennze almost round; arista about twice the length of the rest 
of the antenna; thorax with four cinereous stripes; legs testa- 
ceous; coxz, femora and hind tibie black, the latter and the fore 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 287 


femora testaceous towards the tips; tarsi with black tips; wings 
blackish, with a cinereous spot on each side of the stigma, which 
is black ; veins black. 


Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 
Natal. 


Fam. DOLICHOPID A. 
Genus Psitorus, Meig. 
Psilopus solidus. 


Foem.—Cyaneo-viridis, robustus, subtus albido-tomentosus, an- 
tennis pedibusque nigris, abdominis lateribus basi cupreis, 
alis sub-cinereis, fasciis duabus (1* media lata, 2# apicali latis- 
sima) nigris antice connexis, halteribus testaceis. 


Female.—Bright bluish-green, stout, with whitish tomentum 
beneath: antennz and legs black; abdomen bright cupreous on 
each side at the base; wings slightly greyish, with a broad black 
band in the middle and a very broad apical black band, the two 
bands connected in front; fore branch of the prebrachial vein 
almost rectangular ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique; hal- 
teres dull testaceous. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


Psilopus peractus. 


Fem.—Viridis, robustus, subtus albido-tomentosus, capite 
cyaneo, antennis pedibus halteribusque nigris, abdomine 
zeneo-viridi, alis sub-cinereis, venis nigris. 

Female.—Green, stout, with whitish tomentum beneath ; head 
blue; antennee and legs black; abdomen neous green; wings 
greyish; veins black; fore-branch of the prebrachial vein ob- 
tusely rectangular; discal transverse vein oblique, almost straight ; 
halteres black. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines, 

Mexico. ; 


Psilopus hereticus. 


Feem.—Purpureo-niger, latus, nitens, subtus albido-tomentosus, 
capite antennis pedibusque nigris, abdomine nigricante pur- 
pureo, alis sub-cinereis, venis nigris. 

Female.—Purplish-black, broad, shining, with whitish tomentum 

beneath: head, antenne and legs black, the latter rather stout; 
thorax rather thickly beset with black bristles ; abdomen blackish- 
purple; wings slightly greyish; veins black ; fore-branch of the 


288 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


prebrachial vein rectangular, but with the angle somewhat 
rounded ; discal transverse vein oblique, nearly straight. 

Length of the body 1? lines; of the wings 33 lines. 

Mexico. 


Psilopus permodicus. 


Mas.—Aureo-viridis, gracillimus, antennis pedibusque flave- 
scente albis, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque pallidis. 


Male.—Golden-green, very slender: antenne and legs yel- 
lowish-white ; wings limpid; veins pale; fore-branch of the pre- 
brachial vein obtusely rectangular ; discal transverse vein oblique, 
straight; halteres very pale. 

Length of the body 1? line; of the wings 4 lines. 

Mexico. 


Fam. SYRPHIDZ. 
Genus Certa, Fabr. 
Ceria cacica. 

Fom.—Nigra, nitens, capite antico pectoreque albido-tomen- 
tosis, scutello albido, abdominis segmentis albido-marginatis, 
femoribus albido-strigatis, alis nigris postice cinereis, hal- 
teribus albidis. 


Female.—Black, shining: head with a triangular patch of 
shining whitish tomentum on each side in front ; antennze longer 
than the breadth of the head; first and second joints equal in 
length ; third elongate-fusiform, much longer than the second ; 
scutellum whitish ; pectus with two whitish patches on each side ; 
abdomen with a whitish band on the hind border of the first, 
second and third segments; band of the third segment very 
narrow ; femora with whitish streaks, those of the hind femora 
very short ; wings black, greyish along the hind border; halteres 
whitish. 

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 13 lines. 

Mexico, 


Genus Paracus, Meig. 


Paragus signatus. 


-/Eneo-niger, capite albido, vitt& antica fuscd nitente, 
antennis nigris, thoracis lateribus pectoreque testaceo-tomen- 
tosis, abdomine testaceo vittis duabus lituraque nigris, pedi- 
bus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque posticis nigro-fasciatis, alis 
sub-cinereis fusco-sub-trifasciatis, halteribus testaceis. 


Female.—Eneous-black ; head with whitish tomentum; front 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 289 


somewhat elongated, with a shining brown stripe; proboscis long, 
black ; antennez black; pectus and sides of the thorax with dull 
testaceous tomentum; abdomen testaceous above, with a black 
stripe on each side and a much arched black dorsal mark, which 
emits two black lines, hindward; underside testaceous at the 
base; legs testaceous; hind femora and hind tibie with a black 
band on each; wings greyish, with three brownish irregular 
bands ; first band in the middle, abbreviated hindward and in- 
terrupted ; second and third connected; halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Natal. 


Genus EristTatis, Latr. 
Eristalis transpositus. 


Mas et Foem.—Cyaneo-viridis, nitens, capite antico nigro, la- 
teribus aldo-tomentosis, antennis tarsisque nigris, abdominis 
apice cupreo, alis nigricantibus postice limpidis. 

Male and Female.—Bluish-green, shining: head black in front, 
where there is white shining tomentum on each side; antenne 
black ; abdomen bright cupreous at the tip; tarsi black; wings 
blackish on the fore half, limpid on the hind border. 

Length of the body 7}—83 lines; of the wings 16 lines. 

Burmah. 

Eristalis impositus. 

Foem.—Niger, capite fuscescente antice testaceo, callo fusco, 
thorace vittis quatuor testaceis, scutello lurido, abdomine 
atro-velutino, maculis quatuor maximis lateralibus fasciaque 
tenui arcuata flavis, lineis tribus transversis apiceque nigro- 
chalybeis nitentibus, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, tibiis 
tarsisque posticis femoribusque nigris, alis sub-cinereis. 


Female—Black : head with brownish tomentum above, with 
pale shining testaceous tomentum in front, excepting the shining 
brown callus ; antennz black ; thorax with four testaceous stripes ; 
scutellum lurid; abdomen deep velvet-black, with two very large 
yellow spots on each side, the fore pair larger than the hind pair, 
beyond which latter there is a slender arched yellow band; 
three chalybeous black, shining, transverse lines ; tip also shining ; 
legs testaceous; femora black, with testaceous tips; hind tibiae 
black; hind tarsi black, except at the base; wings slightly 
greyish; veins black ; halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Haiti. 


290 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Eristalis famiharis. 

Mas.—Ater, capite albo, antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace 
lineis duabus anticis transversis maculisque quatuor posticis 
elongatis chalybeis, scutelli margine postico nitente, abdo- 
mine lituris duabus basalibus transversis albis maculisque 
quatuor magnis lateralibus flavis, tibiis piceis, alis limpidis 
basi nigricantibus. 

Male.—Deep black: head shining, with white shining to- 
mentum behind and on each side in front; antennee and legs 
black ; thorax with a transverse chalybeous line on each side in 
front and with four elongated chalybeous spots hindward, the 
outer pair near the base of the fore-wings ; scutellum shining on 
the hind border ; abdomen with a white shining transverse mark 
on each side at the base, and with two large yellow spots on each 
side ; tibia piceous; wings limpid, blackish at the base; veins 
black. 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 83 lines. 

Mexico. 

Eristalis expictus. 

Mas.—Niger, capite albo, callo, antennis pedibusque nigris, 
thorace fascia antica interrupta testacea, scutello flavo, ab- 
domine flavo linea transversa basali vittaque angulosa nigris, 
tibiis tarsisque posterioribus basi genubusque testaceis, alis 
limpidis basi nigricantibus. 


Male.—Black : head in front white and shining, except the 
black shining callus; antenne and legs black; thorax in front 
with a testaceous band, which is widely interrupted in the middle 
and somewhat dilated on each side; scutellum yellow ; abdomen 
yellow, with a black transverse line at the base and a black stripe, 
which is dilated on the hind border of each segment and at the 
tip ; posterior tibize and tarsi towards the base and knees tes- 
taceous ; wings limpid, blackish at the base; veins black. 
Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Mexico. 

Eristalis basiger. 

Fem.—Fulvus, capite testaceo, thorace vittis tribus anticis 
duabusque posticis lineisque duabus transversis testaceis, 
scutelli margine testaceo, abdominis basi testaceé maculam 
transversam fuscam includente, segmentorum marginibus 
posticis testaceis, alis limpidis vitta antica fusca. 


Female.—Tawny : head with a testaceous shining stripe on each 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 291 


side between the eyes; underside testaceous; thorax in front 
with three testaceous stripes, and on each side with a transverse 
testaceous line which joins the lateral stripe; hind part of the 
thorax with a stripe on each side and the border of the scutellum 
testaceous ; hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous ; 
base testaceous, including a transverse brown spot; wings limpid, 
with a brown front stripe, which is sub-costal for more than half 
the length, costal from thence almost to the tips. 

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 83 lines. 

Amazon Region. 


Eristalis involvens. 


Feem.—Niger, nitens, thorace cinereo obscuro vittis quatuor 
nigris, alis cinereis strigd transvers4é media nigr4, alulis 
sordide albidis margine obscuriore. 


Female.—Cinereous, dull: head, antenne, scutellum, abdomen 
and legs black, shining ; thorax with four black stripes, the in- 
terior stripes more slender than the outer and united hindward ; 
wings grey, with a black streak in the middle across the fore half; 
veins black ; alule dingy whitish, with darker borders. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 


Genus Xytora, Meig. 
Xylota subcostalis. 


Fom.—Nigra, nitens, capite pectoreque cinereis, thorace vittis 
quatuor cinereis, pilis lateralibus sub-auratis, abdomine lan- 
ceolato, genubus ferrugineis, femoribus posticis crassis, tibiis 
posticis arcuatis, alis sub-cinereis vitta antica nigra, halteribus 


albidis. 


Female.—Black, shining: head with cinereous tomentum on 
each side in front; antennz seated on a tubercle; third joint 
elongate-conical, as long as the first and the second together ; 
thorax with four cinereous stripes, and on each side with slightly 
gilded hairs; pectus cinereous; abdomen lanceolate ; knees fer- 
ruginous ; hind femora thick ; hind tibiz curved; wings greyish, 
with a black stripe which is sub-costal for full half the length, 
and costal from thence nearly to the tip; veins black; halteres 
whitish. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Mexico. 


292) Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Genus VotuceLta, Geoffr. 
Volucella aperta. 

Mas.—Picea, nitens, capite fulvo macula frontali piced, antennis 
ferrugineis, thorace vittis duabus lateralibus fulvis valde in- 
distinctis, scutello fulvo, abdomine testaceo apice nigro, alis 
cinereis, venulis transversis mediis nebulosis. 

Male.—Piceous, shining: head tawny, with a piceous spot on 
the front; epistoma very prominent; antenne ferruginous, seated 
on a small tubercle, which is beset with short black bristles ; 
thorax with a very indistinct tawny stripe on each side; scutellum 
tawny ; abdomen testaceous, black towards the tip; legs tawny; 
tarsi black towards the tips ; wings grey; veins black; transverse 
veinlets in the middle somewhat clouded. 

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 

Mexico. 

Genus TeMnoceRA, St. Farg. et Serv. 
Temnocera viridula. 

Mas.—Testaceo-viridis, nitens, antennis testaceis, thorace ma- 
culis duabus magnis (una anuca, altera postic&) nigricanti- 
bus, scutello abdominisque segmentis viridibus, nigro-mar- 
ginatis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis sub-cinereis, gutta costali 
nigra. 

Male.—Testaceous-green, shining: antenne testaceous ; thorax 
with a large blackish spot in front and another on the hind border ; 
scutellum green, its hind border and the metathorax black ; ab- 
domen green, its segments with black borders; tibiz and tarsi 
black; wings greyish, a little darker exteriorly ; a black dot on 
the costa beyond the middle; veins black. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines, 

Mexico. 

Temnocera unilecta, 


Feem.—Nigra, nitens, non lata, antennis piceo-nigris, thorace 
nigricante cupreo, tarsis posterioribus basi ferrugineis, alis 
cinereo-fuscis basi pallidioribus, venulis transversis nigro- 
nebulosis, halteribus apice niveis. 

Female.—Black, shining, not broad: epistoma very prominent ; 
antennz piceous-black ; thorax blackish-cupreous ; posterior tarsi 
ferruginous at the base; wings cinereous-brown, paler towards 
the base; veins black ; transverse veinlets clouded with black ; 
halteres with white knobs. 

Length of the body 3} lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 293 


Genus Syrruus, Fabr. 
Syrphus colludens. 


Foem.—Niger, sat gracilis, capite lato nitente antice testaceo, 
fronte nigro-vittata, antennis ferrugineis, thorace vittis duabus 
lateralibus interruptis flavis, scutello pallide luteo, abdomine 
lineari fasciis quatuor excavatis (1* interrupta) pallide luteis, 
guttis duabus basalibus flavis, segmentis chalybeo-margi- 
natis, femoribus tibiisque anterioribus testaceis, alis sub- 
cinereis angustis. 


Female.—Black, rather slender: head broad, shining, testaceous 
in front and beneath; front with a black stripe; antenne ferru- 
ginous; thorax with a yellow interrupted stripe on each side; 
scutellum pale luteous; abdomen linear, with four pale luteous 
bands ; first band interrupted ; second, third and fourth excavated 
on the hind side; hind borders of the segments chalybeous, a 
yellow dot on each side at the base; anterior femora and tibiz 
testaceous, the former black at the base; wings greyish, narrow ; 
veins black. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Mexico. 


Fam. CONOPIDA. 
Genus Conoprs, Linn. 
Conops bipunctata ? 


Feem.—Ferruginea, argenteo-tomentosa, capite guttis duabus 
nigris, abdomine sub-clavato basi supra nigricante, tibiis 
tarsisque nigris, alis obscure cinereis, halteribus testaceis. 


Conops bipunctatus 2? Loew, Bericht Verhandl. Kon. Preuss. 
Akad. Wissensch. Berl. 1852, 659, 18. Female.—Ferruginous, 
with silvery tomentum: head with a black dot on each side be- 
tween the eyes; third joint of the antennz lanceolate, with a short 
apical seta; abdomen gradually deepening from the base to the 
tip, blackish above towards the base ; tibize and tarsi black ; wings 
dark grey; veins black; halteres testaceous, 

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 9 lines. 

Loew’s description is from a Mozambique specimen, and differs 
somewhat from the character of the insect here described, 

The above author, in the “ Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (1857),” 
page 137, divides Africa into seven entomological districts; the 
first with Egypt, Nubia and Abyssinia ; the second, or the whole 
northern coast from Tripolis to Morocco; the third, or the Western 


294 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Islands; the fourth, or the west coast from Senegambia to Ben- 
guela; the fifth, or the coast from the Cape eastward ; the sixth, 
or the Eastern Islands; the seventh from Mozambique to Bab-el- 
Mandeb. He reckons the number of Dipterous species therein to 
be as follows :— 


North-east district .............. 200 species. 


Northnucoast2se sce sso amore Le BOO =e, 
Western Islands ‘slc%icnisw coe canes 180 4,, 
Wrest Coast) > .iccjeie sie «cities oe 2OO0R = 


Southicoast,)s c.cis meow syeieinin ae woe OO nas 
Hastert [slands: <2 Jone asc wweinsres«, LUO TG: gy 
BASE CGASG 5 o-ciehs ems, jane se Sates DOs ass 


He describes the following species of Stratiomide, all new with 
the exception of the first, the eighth and the fourteenth, which 
last may prove to be identical with Péizlocera Natalensis. 


SARGINA. 


1. Plecticus elongatus, Guinea, Cape, Caffraria. 
Musca elongata, Fabr. 
Sargus posticus, Wied. 

2. Chrysonotus flavomarginatus, Mauritius. 

3. Chrysomyia bella, Cape. 

4, Microchrysa circumscripta, Caffraria. 

5. $5 scutellaris, Caffraria. 


OponTOMYINA. 


6. Odontomyia quadrinotata, Mozambique. 
7. 4 adusta, Caffraria. 
8. 4,  frontalis (Macq.), Cape. 
9. Nemotelus dissimilis, Caffraria. 
10. es hemorrhous, Caffraria. 
11. Oxycera nubifera, Caffraria. 
12. Ephippium maculipenne, Guinea. 


PAacHYGASTRINA. 


13. Sternobrithes (n. g.) tumidus, Guinea, Caffraria. 
14, Ptilocera quadrilineata, Sierra Leone, Caffraria. 
Stratiomys quadrilineata, Fabr. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 295 


Fam. MUSCIDE. 
Dive -C ALY P TB RAS, 
Sub-fam. Tacuinipes. 


Genus Ecutnomyi1A, Dumeril. 


ees ( 


Echinomyia ludens. > Care - 


Feem.—Testacea, nigro-setosa, capite albo supra sub-aurato, 
antennis fulvis, articulo 3° elongato apice nigro-truncato, 
thorace sub-aurato vittis quatuor fuscescentibus, abdominis 
apice nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsis apice nigricantibus, alis 
cinereis, alulis lurido-cinereis, halteribus testaceis. 


Female.—Testaceous, with stout black bristles: head slightly - 
gilded above; white in front and beneath; epistoma prominent ; 
proboscis black; antennz tawny; third joint longer than the 
second, increasing in breadth towards the tip, which is black and 
truncated ; arista black, stout; thorax slightly gilded, with four 
brownish stripes; abdomen black at the tip; legs tawny; tarsi 
blackish towards the tips; wings grey; veins black, tawny at the 
base; prebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near 
which it is curved, and is thence straight to its tip; discal trans- 
verse vein hardly curved outward, parted by a little less than its 
length from the border and by much less than its length from the 
flexure of the prebrachial; alula cinereous, with a lurid tinge ; 
halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Brazil. 

i eeiied 

Echinomyia albiceps. 


Mas.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa nigro-setosa, capite argenteo, 
frontalibus fulvis, palpis testaceis, antennis nigris ex parte 
ferrugineis, articulis 2° et 3° equalibus, hoc valde convexo, 
thorace subvittato, scutello sub-ferrugineo, abdomine ferru- 
gineo-piceo, alis cinereis, alulis albido-cinereis. 

Male.—Black, with cinereous tomentum and black bristles: 

head silvery-white in front and beneath; frontalia tawny, widen- 
ing in front; epistoma slightly prominent; proboscis shining ; 
palpi testaceous, rather long and slender; antenne black, partly 
ferruginous ; third joint very convex above, as long as the second ; 
thorax indistinctly striped; scutellum somewhat ferruginous ; 
abdomen [erruginous-piceous, shining, a little broader but hardly 
longer than the thorax; legs black; wings grey; veins black, 
testaceous at the base; praebrachial vein forming a hardly obtuse 


206) Mir: E. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


angle at its base, near which it is slightly curved inward, and is 
thence straight to its tip; discal transverse vein nearly straight, 
parted by a little less than its length from the border, and by 
hardly more than half its length from the flexure of the pra- 
brachial; alulze whitish cinereous. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Brazil. 


wo bhecg . 
Genus Jurinia, Desvoidy. 


Jurinia debitrix. 

Fom.—Nigra, nigro-setosa, capite testaceo, frontalibus ferru- 
gineis, palpis testaceis, antennis piceo-nigris, articulis 2° et 3° 
sub-zequalibus, thorace cinereo vittis vix conspicuis nigris, 
lateribus scutelloque ferrugineis, abdomine ferrugineo spinis 
plurimis nigris armato, alis angustis fuscescente cinereis, basi 
fulvis. 


Female.— Black, with numerous black bristles: head testaceous 
in front and beneath; frontalia ferruginous ; epistoma very pro- 
minent, with a few black bristles on each side; palpi testaceous ; 
antenne piceous-black ; third joint elongate, oval, as long as the 
second; arista much longer than the third joint; thorax with 
cinereous tomentum, and with very indistinct black. stripes, its 
sides and the scutellum dark ferruginous; abdomen dark ferru- 
ginous, much broader than the thorax, very thickly beset with 
black spines; legs bristly; wings narrow, brownish cinereous, 
tawny at the base; veins black, mostly tawny towards the base; 
prebrachial vein forming a right well-defined angle, with the 
usual inward curve, and thence nearly straight to its tip, which is 
at some distance in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse 
vein long, oblique, hardly undulating, parted by much less than 
its length from the border, and from the flexure of the pree- 
brachial; alule dark cinereous. 

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 13 lines. 

Mexico. 

Jurinia innovata. 

Foem.— Nigro-cyanea, setosa, valida, capite zneo-viridi albo- 
tomentoso, frontalibus atris, palpis antennisque nigris, horum 
articulo 3° basi ferrugineo, ariste dimidio basali robusto, ab- 
domine spinis duabus mediis plurimisque apicalibus, pedibus 
nigris, alis obscure cinereis gutt& basali nigricante, vena 
transversa preebrachiali nigro-nebulosa, alulis nigricantibus. 


Female.—Dark blue, bristly, stout: head geneous green, white 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 297 


in front and beneath; frontalia deep black, widening in front; 
facialia without bristles ; epistoma hardly prominent; palpi black ; 
antennz black, not reaching the epistoma; third joint ferruginous 
at the base, convex above, rounded at the tip, a little longer than 
the second ; arista stout for nearly half its length; scutellum with 
very long stout bristles; abdomen with two spines in the middle 
and many towards the tip; legs stout, black; wings dark grey, 
with a blackish spot near the base; veins black; preebrachial 
transverse vein clouded with black; preebrachial vein forming 
aright angle, very slightly curved from thence to its tip, which 
is somewhat in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse 
vein hardly undulating, parted by a little less than its length from 
the border, and by hardly more than half its length from the 
flexure of the preebrachial; alule blackish. 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 9 lines. 

Mexico. 


Genus Nemor@a, Desv. 
Nemorea intrita. 


Fom.— Nigra, robusta, pilosa, capite albido-testaceo, frontalibus 
piceis, palpis fulvis clavatis, antennarum articulo 3° obtuso, 
arista valida, thorace cinereo non vittato, abdomine nitente, 
alis obscure cinereis, vena preebrachiali angulum rectum fin- 
gente, vena transversa discali subrecta, alulis nigricantibus. 


Female.—Black, stout, pilose: head whitish testaceous, cine- 
reous above; frontalia piceous; facialia without bristles ; epistoma 
rather prominent ; palpi tawny, clavate; antenne nearly extending 
to the epistoma; third joint obtuse at the tip, a little longer and 
broader than the second; arista stout, gradually tapering, very 
much longer than the third joint; thorax with cinereous tomentum, 
not striped; scutellum with very long bristles ; abdomen shining, 
spinose towards the tip; wings dark grey, blackish towards the 
base; veins black; praebrachial vein forming a right angle at its 
flexure, near which it is slightly curved, and is thence straight to 
its tip, which is at some distance in front of the tip of the wing ; 
discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by much less than its 
length from the border, and by little more than half its length 
from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee blackish. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Mexico. 


VOL. V. N. S. PART VIII.—FEB. 1861. 5:< 


298 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Nemorea erythropus. 


Feem.—Nigra, robusta, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albido, fron- 
talibus nigris, facialibus et epistomate testaceis, antennis rufis, 
articulo 3° nigro longissimo, thorace vittis quatuor nigris, 
abdomine cyanescente-nigro cinereo-tessellato subtus rufe- 
scente, pedibus rufescente fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis sub-cinereis, 
alulis cinereis. 


Female.—Black, stout, with cinereous tomentum: head whitish 
in front and beneath; frontalia black, linear, the bristles on each 
side extending to half the length of the face; facialia testaceous, 
without bristles; epistoma testaceous, not prominent; antennze 
nearly reaching the epistoma; first and second joints red; third 
linear, black, about four times the length of the second; arista 
stout for nearly half the length from the base; thorax with four 
black stripes; abdomen bluish-black, tesselated with cinereous ; 
underside reddish, except at the tip; legs reddish, tawny ; tarsi 
black; wings greyish; veins black, testaceous towards the base 
and along the costa; prebrachial vein forming a rounded and 
slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, near which it is hardly curved, 
and is thence straight to its tip; discal transverse vein slightly 
curved inward, parted by less than its length from the flexure of 
the prebrachial, and by much less than its length from the border ; 
alule cinereous. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings § lines. 


T aapanlie 
Genus Evricaster, Macq. 
Eurigaster saginata. 


Foem.—Nigra, valida, sub-cylindrica, capite albo, frontalibus 
latis ferrugineis, palpis fulvis, antennarum articulo 8° clavato 
truncato basi ferrugineo, arista valida, thoracis vittis tribus 
lateribus pectoreque cinereis, abdominis segmentis cinereo 
late fasciatis, pedibus validis setosis, alis sub-cinereis “basi 
obscurioribus, vena preebrachiali angulum rectum fingente, 
vend transvers4 discali sub-recta, alulis albidis. 


Female.—Black, stout, nearly cylindrical : head white, excepting 
the vertex, which is black, and with stout bristles; frontalia broad, 
ferruginous, hardly widening in front; facialia without bristles ; 
epistoma prominent; palpi tawny; antenne just reaching the 
epistoma; third joint ferruginous at the base, widening to the tip, 
which is truncated; arista stout; thorax with three cinereous 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 299 


stripes; sides and pectus cinereous; abdomen longer than the 
thorax, with a broad cinereous band on the fore-border of each 
segment; two spines on the disk and a few towards the tip; legs 
stout, setose; wings greyish, a little darker at the base and along 
the costa; veins black; praebrachial vein forming a right angle 
at its flexure, hardly curved from thence to its tip, which is much 
in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein almost 
straight, parted by much more than half its length from the 
border, and by a little more than half its length from the flexure 
of the prebrachial ; alula whitish. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Mexico. 

Eurigaster desita. 

Fcem.—N igra, robusta, setosa, cinereo-tomentosa, capite argenteo, 
frontalibus piceis, palpis fulvis, antennarum articulo 3° lon- 
gissimo, abdominis apice aurato, pedibus validis, alis alulisque 
nigro-cinereis. 

Female.— Black, stout, setose, slightly covered with cinereous 
tomentum: head silvery-white, with the exception of the vertex ; 
frontalia piceous ; facialia bristly along most of the length; palpi 
tawny; antennz extending to the epistoma, which is very slightly 
prominent; third joint six times longer than the second; arista 
stout, slightly tapering, a little longer than the third joint; scu- 
tellum with many long stout bristles ; abdomen pale, gilded at the 
tip; legs stout; wings and alule blackish-grey; veins black; 
prebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, slightly 
curved from thence to its tip, which is at a little in front of the 
tip of the wing; discal transverse vein forming an obtuse angle 
near its base, straight from thence to its tip, parted by half its 
length from the border, and from the flexure of the praebrachial. 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 83 lines. 

Mexico. 

Eurigaster commetans. 

Feem.—Nigra, robusta, capite aurato, frontalibus atris, palpis 
fulvis, antennarum articulo 2° rufescente, 3° longo apice 
rotundato, ariste triente basali valido, thorace sub-aurato 
Vittis quinque nigris, pectore cinereo, abdomine sub-aurato, 
basi et segmentorum marginibus nigris, alis cinereis, costa 
strigisque apud venas obscurioribus, vena prebrachiali an- 
gulum obtusum fingente, vend discali transversd angulum 
obtusum fingente, alulis obscure cinereis. 

Female.—Black, stout, slightly setose: head gilded, paler be- 

x 2 


300 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


neath; frontalia deep black, widening much in front; facialia 
without bristles; epistoma hardly prominent ; palpi tawny ; an- 
tennz not reaching the epistoma; second joint reddish; third 
linear, rounded at the tip, full four times the length of the 
second; arista stout for about one-third of its Jength, rather 
longer than the third joint ; thorax slightly gilded, brighter along 
each side, with five black stripes; pectus cinereous; abdomen 
very slightly gilded, black at the base and beneath and along the 
hind borders of the segments ; wings grey, darker along the costa 
for two-thirds of the length, and with some dark streaks along the 
black veins; prebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle at its 
flexure, very slightly curved inward from thence to its tip, which 
is at a little in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein 
forming an obtuse angle at one-third of its length, parted by more 
than half its length from the border and from the flexure of the 
preebrachial ; alule dark cinereous. 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 9 lines. 

Mexico. 

Eurigaster fertoria. 

Foem.—Nigra, valida, capite aurato, frontalibus atris, antenna- 
rum articulo 8° longo, ariste triente basali robusto, thorace 
subaurato, vittis quatuor nigris, pectore cinereo, abdomine 
ovato, segmentis cinereo-fasciatis, alis sub-cinereis basi ob- 
scurioribus, vena preebrachiali angulum perobtusum subro- 
tundatum fingente, vena discali transvers4 intus subarcuata: 
alulis sordide albidis. 

Female —Black, stout: head gilded; frontalia deep black, 
widening in front; facialia without bristles except towards the 
frontalia ; epistoma not prominent; antenne nearly reaching the 
epistoma; third joint linear, slender, about four times the length 
of the second ; arista very much longer than the third joint, stout 
for about one-third of its length; thorax slightly gilded, with 
four black stripes; pectus cinereous ; abdomen oval, with a broad 
cinereous band on the fore border of each segment; legs with 
rather small bristles ; wings slightly greyish, darker at the base; 
veins black; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse and some- 
what rounded angle at its flexure, very slightly curved inward 
from thence to its tip, which is at a little in front of the tip of the 
wing ; discal transverse vein straight, excepting an inward curve 
near its hind end, parted by a little less than its length from the 
border and from the flexure of the preebrachial; alule dingy 
whitish. 


Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7} lines. 
Mexico. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 301 


Eurigaster postica, 

Foem.—Nigra, lata, capite albido, frontalibus atris, antennarum 
articulo 3° longo, aristee dimidio basali valido, thorace 
cinereo vittis quatuor nigris, scutello postico rufescente, 
abdomine ovato, lateribus rufescentibus, segmentis cinereo- 
fasciatis, alis sub-cinereis, basi obscurioribus, vena praebra- 
chiali angustum sub-obtusum fingente, vena discali trausversa 
intus vix arcuata, alulis albis. 

Female.—Black, broad: head whitish; frontalia deep black, 
slightly widening in front, beset with bristles which extend along 
one-third of the facialia; epistoma not prominent; antenne 
almost reaching the epistoma; third joint linear, about four times 
the length of the second; arista stout for half the length, very 
much longer than the third joint; thorax with cinereous tomentum, 
and with four slight black stripes ; scutellum reddish hindward ; 
abdomen oval, reddish on each side, with a broad irregular cine- 
reous band on the fore border of each segment ; wings greyish, 
darker at the base ; veins black; prebrachial vein forming a very 
slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, near which it is very slightly 
curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, which is rather far 
in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein hardly 
curved inward near its hind end, parted by hardly more than half 
its length from the border, and by somewhat less than its length 
from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alule white. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 

Eurigaster habilis. 


Fom.—Nigra, robusta, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albido, fronta- 
libus atris antice latescentibus, palpis fulvis, antennis epistoma 
attingentibus, thorace viitis quatuor indistinctis nigris, scutello 
et abdominis lateribus ferrugineis, pedibus validis, alis cinereis, 
vena prebrachiali angulum sub-obtusum  sub-rotundatum 
fingente intus apicem versus valdé arcuata, vena transversa 
discali recta, alulis sordide albidis. 

Female.—Black, stout, with cinereous tomentum : head whitish ; 
frontalia deep black, widening in front ; facialia with a few bristles 
towards the frontalia; epistoma not prominent; palpi tawny; 
antenne reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint about four times the 
length of the 2nd; arista slender, more stout towards the base, 
very much longer than the 3rd joint; thorax with four indistinct 
black stripes; scutellum and sides of the abdomen ferruginous ; 
legs stout ; wings grey; veins black; preebrachial vein forming a 


302 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


slightly obtuse and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, much 
curved inward from thence to its tip, which is at some distance in 
front of the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight, parted 
by somewhat less than its length from the border and from the 
flexure of the prebrachial ; alulze dingy whitish. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines, 

Mexico. 


Genus Masicera, Macq. 
Masicera disputans. 


Mas.—Nigra, gracilis, setosa, capite albo, frontalibus peran- 
gustis, palpis ferrugineis, antennarum articulo 3° longo 
gracili, aristé tenui, thorace cinereo vittis duabus angustis 
nigris, pectore albido, abdomine tenuissimo, segmentis albido- 
fasciatis, lateribus basi sub-rufescentibus, pedibus longius- 
culis, alis obscure cinereis apud costam nigricantibus, vena 
prebrachiali angulum perobtusum fingente, vena discali 
transversa sub-undulata. 


Male.— Black, slender, bristly: head white; vertex black ; 
front prominent ; frontalia very narrow, widening in front ; 
facialia without bristles; epistoma not prominent; palpi ferru- 
ginous ; antenne almost reaching the epistoma ; third joint slender, 
linear, rounded at the tip, about four times the length of the 
second; arista very slender, except near the base, nearly twice 
the length of the third joint; thorax cinereous, with two slender 
black stripes; pectus whitish; abdomen very slender, with a 
whitish band on the fore border of each segment ; slightly reddish 
on each side towards the base; legs rather long and slender ; 
wings dark grey, blackish along the costa; veins black; pre- 
brachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, straight 
from thence to its tip, which is at a little in front of the tip of the 
‘wing ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by much 
less than its length from the border and by a little less than its 
length from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee cinereous. 

Length of the body 34 lines ; of the wings 6 lines. 

Mexico. 


Masicera gentica. 


Mas.—Nigra, gracilis, capite albido, frontalibus atris, anten- 
narum articulo 3° longo apice obtuso, aristé gracili, thorace 
cinereo vittis quatuor nigris, abdominis segmentis cinereo- 
fasciatis, pedibus longiusculis, alis cinereis, vena prebrachiali 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 3038 


angulum perobtusum sub-rotundatum fingente, vend discali 
transversa intus arcuata, alulis albidis. 


Male.—Black, slender, bristly : head whitish; frontalia deep 
black, narrow ; facialia without bristles; epistoma not prominent ; 
antenne reaching the epistoma; third joint slender, linear, some- 
what obtuse at the tip, more than four times the length of the 
second ; arista very slender, stout for about one-fifth of the 
length, very much longer than the third joint; thorax cinereous, 
with four distinct black stripes; abdomen longer than the thorax, 
with a broad complete cinereous band on the fore border of each 
segment ; apical half with long slender spines ; legs rather long ; 
wings grey ; veins black; preebrachial vein forming a very obtuse 
and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, almost straight from 
thence to its tip, which is somewhat in front of the tip of the 
wing ; discal transverse vein curved inward near its hind end, 
parted by much less than its length from the border, and by a 
little less than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial ; 
alule whitish, large. ; 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


Masicera necopina. 


Feem.—Nigra, sat gracilis, capite albido, frontalibus atris, an- 
tennarum articulo 8° longo, apice rotundato, arista gracili, 
thorace albido vittis quatuor nigris, abdomine ovato, seg- 
mentis albido-fasciatis, apice rufescente, alis cinereis basi 
nigricantibus, vend preebrachiali angulum sub-obtusum fin- 
gente, verA transversa discali undulata, alulis albis. 


Female.—Black, rather slender ; head white ; vertex cinereous ; 
frontalia- deep black, linear; facialia without bristles; epistoma 
not prominent; antenne reaching the epistoma; third joint more 
than four times the length of the second, slightly widening from 
the base to the tip, which is rounded; arista slender along the 
whole length, much longer than the third joint ; thorax and pectus 
whitish, the former with four black stripes; abdomen oval, with 
a whitish band on the fore border of each segment; tip reddish, 
with some black spines; wings grey, blackish towards the base ; 
veins black; prabrachial vein forming a very slightly obtuse 
angle at its flexure, very slighdy curved inward from thence to its 
tip, which is at somewhat in front of the tip of the wing; discal 
transverse vein undulating, parted by less than its length from the 
border and from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alule white. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Mexico. 


304 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Masicera excpergita. 

Mas.—Nigra, gracilis, capite albo, frontalibus angustis atris, 
antennarum articulo 3° longo, arista gracili, thorace sub- 
cinereo, abdomine cylindrico maculis lateralibus albis, alis 
nigricante cinereis, vena praebrachiali angulum perobtusum 
fingente, vend transversa discali recta, 


Male.—Black, slender: head white; frontalia narrow, deep 
black ; facialia without bristles; epistoma not prominent; an- 
tenne nearly reaching the epistoma; third joint slender, linear, 
about four times the length of the second; arista slender, stout at 
the base, very much longer than the third joint; thorax slightly 
cinereous ; abdomen cylindrical, longer and a little narrower than 
the thorax, bristly except towards the base, with white spots 
along each side; legs slender ; wings blackish-grey ; praebrachial 
vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly curved 
from thence to its tip, which is very little in front of the tip of 
the wing; discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less 
than its length from the border, and by very much more than its 
length from the flexure, of the preebrachial ; alule large, whitish. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 43 lines. 

Mexico. 

Mastcera alacris. 


Feem.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus nigris, 
antennarum articulo 2° rufescente, 3° longissimo, thorace 
lineis quatuor nigris, abdomine ovato sub-tessellato, seg- 
mentorum marginibus postjcis nigris, alis cinereis, alulis 
albido-cinereis. ; 


Female.—Black, with cinereous tomentum: head shining white 
in front and beneath; frontalia black, narrow, linear, with lateral 
bristles, which do not extend along the face; facialia without 
bristles; epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antennz nearly 
reaching the epistoma; second joint reddish; third linear, about 
four times the length of the second; arista stout for about one- 
fourth of the length from the base ; thorax with four slender black 
lines; abdomen oval, slightly tessellated, not longer than the 
thorax ; hind borders of the segments black; wings grey ; veins 
black ; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its 
flexure, straight from thence to its tip; discal transverse vein 
undulating, parted by less than its length from the fiexure of the 
preebrachial, and by much less than its length from the border ; 
alulee whitish-cinereous. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 


Brazil. 
ewe, 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 305 


Masicera incivica. 


Mas et Feem.—Nigyra, nigro-setosa, capite albido, antennarum 
articulo 3° longissimo epistoma attingente, abdomine zneo- 
nigro fasciis interruptis albidis, alis cinereis apud costam ob- 
scurioribus, vena transversa preebrachiali nigro-nebulosa. 


Male and Female.—Black, with stout black bristles: head 
whitish in front; bristles descending from the frontalia to half the 
Jength of the face; epistoma not prominent; antenne extending 
to the epistoma ; third joint four times the length of the second ; 
arista stout for about one third of its length; thorax not striped ; 
abdomen zneous black, with a whitish interrupted band on the 
fore-border of each segment; wings grey, darker along the 
costa; veins black; praebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle, 
curved from thence to its tip, which is hardly in front of the tip 
of the wing; prabrachial transverse vein clouded with black ; 
discal transverse vein straight, parted by a little more than its 
length from the flexure of the preebrachial, and by much less 
than its length from the border; alule dark cinereous. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Hindostan ? 


Genus LypEtia, Macq. 
Lydella cessatrix. 


Foem.—Nigra, gracilis, capite albo, frontalibus rufescentibus, 
antennis rufescentibus, articulo 3° clavato obtuso, thorace 
cinereo vittis tribus angustis indistinctis nigris, abdomine 
nitente, segmentis cinereo-fasciatis, apice rufescente, alis 
cinereis, venis transversis subnebulosis, vend preebrachiali 
angulum vix acutum fingente, vend transversa discali extus 
vix arcuata, alulis albidis. 


Female.—Black, slender: head white, excepting the vertex ; 
frontalia reddish, widening in front; facialia without bristles ; 
epistoma prominent; antennz reddish, reaching the epistoma ; 
second joint rather long; third widening much from the base to 
the tip, which is obtuse, about twice the length of the second 
joint ; arista rather slender, very much longer than the third 
joint; thorax cinereous, with three slender indistinct black 
stripes ; abdomen shining, with a cinereous band on ‘the fore- 
border of each segment, with two black spines in the disk, and 
with several towards the tip, which is reddish; wings grey; 
veins black ; transverse veins slightly clouded ; praebrachial vein 
forming a hardly acute angle at its flexure, curved inward from 


306 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


thence to its tip, which is far in front of the tip of the wing; 
discal transverse vein hardly curved outward, parted by about its 
length from the border, and by less than its length from the 
flexure, of the preebrachial ; alule whitish. 

This species differs much, in the structure of the third joint 
of the antennz, from the typical form of Lydella. 

Length of the body 3} lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Mexico. 

Lydella? indita. 

Feem.—Nigra, gracilis, cylindrica, sub-setosa, capite albo, 
frontalibus atris antice latescentibus, facie valde obliqua, 
palpis gracillimis, antennis epistoma vix attingentibus, ar- 
ticulo 3° lineari, therace cinereo vittis quatuor indistinctis 
nigris, abdomine cinereo sub-tessellato, pedibus longiusculis, 
alis nigricante cinereis basi et cost& interiore pallide luteis, 
margine postico sub-cinereo, vena preebrachiali angulum ob- 
tusum fingente, vend discali transversa sub-undulata, alulis 
albis magnis. 

Female.— Black, slender, cylindrical, slightly bristly: head 
white; frontalia deep black, widening much in front; face very 
oblique; facialia without bristles; epistoma slightly prominent ; 
palpi very slender; antennz nearly reaching the epistoma ; third 
joint linear, rounded at the tip, about thrice the length of the 
second; arista slender, stout at the base, very much longer than ~ 
the third joint; thorax cinereous, with four indistinct black 
stripes ; abdomen much longer than the thorax, slightly tessellated 
with cinereous, with some black spines in the disk and more 
towards the tip; legs rather long; wings blackish grey, pale 
luteous at the base and along halt of the costa, slightly greyish 
along the hind border; prebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle 
at its flexure, near which it is very slightly bent inward, and is 
thence straight to its tip, which is somewhat in front of the tip of 
the wing; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by 
half its length from the border and by much more than half its 
Jength from the flexure of the przbrachial ; alule white, large. 

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 9 lines. 

Mexico. 

Genus Tacuina, Fabr. 


Tachina despicienda. 


Cinerea, setosa, capite albo sub-depresso, frontalibus nigris, 
antennis breviusculis, articulo 2° ferrugineo, abdomine fasciis 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 307 


nigricantibus, pedibus nigris, alis cinereis, venis nigris, alulis 
albis, halteribus testaceis. 


Cinereous, setose: head white, somewhat depressed above ; 
frontalia black; face oblique; antenna not near reaching the 
epistoma ; second joint ferruginous ; third about twice the length 
of the second ; abdomen with blackish bands on the hind borders 
of the segments; legs black; wings grey; veins black; pre- 
brachial vein forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, joining the 
cubital vein ata little in front of the tip of the wing; discal trans- 
verse vein oblique, almost straight, parted by a little less than its 
length from the border, and by much more than its length from 
the prebrachial transverse vein; alule white; halteres tes- 
taceous. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 

New South Wales. 

Pn Se 
Sub-Fam. DEXIDES. 
Genus Dexia, Meig. 
Dexia pertecta. 


Nas.—Cinerea, capite albo, frontalibus atris, proboscide longo 
nigro geniculato, palpis fulvis, antennarum articulo 2° rufo, 
arista nuda, thorace vittis angustis indistinetis nigris, abdo- 
mine lanceolato, maculis dorsalibus trigonis nigris, pedibus 
testaceis longis, tibiis posticis tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis 
longis angustis, costa venisque fuscescente nebulosis, vena 
prebrachiali angulum perobtusum fingente, vena discali 
transversa undulata. 


Male.—:-Cinereous: head white, vertex cinereous in some 
aspects ; frontalia deep black, widening slightly in front ; epis- 
toma rather prominent; proboscis long, black, geniculated ; palpi 
slender, tawny ; antenne black, not reaching the epistoma ; second 
joint red ; third slender, linear, more than twice the length of the 
second; arista slender, tapering, nearly twice the length of the 
third joint; thorax with slender indistinct black stripes ; abdomen 
lanceolate, much longer than the thorax, with a black triangular 
spot on each segment, and with a few black spines towards the 
tip ; legs testaceous, long, slender ; tibize darker than the femora ; 
tarsi and hind tibize black; wings cinereous, narrow, very long, 
brownish in front and along the veins; veins black, testaceous at 
the base; prebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its 
flexure, hardly curved from thence to its tip, which is hardly in 
front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein undulating, 


308 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


parted by much less than half its length from the border and by 
a little less than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial ; 
alulee cinereous. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 

Mexico. 


Sub-Fam. SARCOPHAGIDES. 
Genus Sarcopuaca, Meig. 
Sarcophaga intermutans. 


Fam.—Cinerea, valida, capite albido, frontalibus nigris lineari- 
bus, thorace vittis tribus latiusculis mediis vittisque duabus 
lateralibus angustioribus nigris, abdomine sub-tessellato apice 
fulvo, pedibus nigris robustis, alis cinereis. 


Female.—Cinereous, stout: head white; frontalia black, linear ; 
epistoma rather prominent; thorax with three black, regular, 
rather broad stripes, and with two more slender lateral black 
stripes ; abdomen broader than the thorax, slightly tessellated, 
tawny at the tip; legs black, stout; wings grey; veins black, 
normal. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Mexico. 

Sarcophaga perneta. 

Mas.—Cinerea, sat robusta, capite pallidé aurato, frontalibus 
atris anticeé sublatescentibus, thorace vittis tribus_ latis 
nigris, abdomine tessellato, segmentis duobus apicalibus 
auratis, pedibus nigris validis, alis cinereis. 

Male.—Cinereous, rather stout: head pale gilded; frontalia 
deep black, widening slightly in front; epistoma not prominent ; 
thorax with three regular broad black stripes; abdomen tessel- 
lated; two last segments gilded; legs black, stout; wings grey ; 
veins black, normal. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


Sarcophaga innota. 

Foem.—Cinerea, sat valida, capite albo, faciei lateribus subau- 
ratis, frontalibus atris linearibus, thorace vittis tribus latis 
cinereo-nigris, abdomine tessellato, pedibus nigris, alis 
cinereis. 

Female.—Cinereous, rather stout: head white, very slightly 

gilded on each side of the face ; frontalia deep black, linear; epi- 
stoma not prominent; thorax with three broad black stripes which 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 309 


are somewhat tinged with cinereous; abdomen tessellated ; legs 
black ; wings grey ; veins black, normal. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Mexico. 


Sarcophaga conclausa. 

Foem.—Cinerea, vix robusta, capite aurato facie albida, fronta- 
libus atris antice sublatescentibus, thorace vittis tribus atris 
lateribus subauratis, abdomine tessellato subaurato apice 
aurato, pedibus nigris validis, alis cinereis, alulis albidis. 

Female.—Cinereous, hardly stout: head gilded; hind part and 
face whitish ; frontalia deep black, very slightly widening in front ; 
epistoma not prominent ; thorax with three regular black stripes, 
its sides slightly gilded; abdomen very slightly gilded, very 
regularly tessellated; last segment gilded; legs black, stout ; 
wings grey ; veins black, normal; alulz whitish. 

This may possibly be the female of S. perneta, but it can be 
distinguished from that species by the difference of colour, and by 
the narrower and more regular stripes of the thorax. 

Length of the body 34 lines; of the wings 63 lines. 

Mexico. 

Sarcophaga despensa. 

Foem.—Cinerea, sat gracilis, capite albido, frontalibus nigris 
linearibus, thorace vittis tribus latis cinereo-nigris, abdomine 
e maculis nigris tessellato, pedibus nigris validis, breviusculis, 
alis cinereis, alulis albis. 

Female.—Cinereous, rather slender: head whitish; frontalia 
black, linear; epistoma not prominent; thorax with three black 
stripes which have a cinereous tinge ; abdomen tessellated with 
four rows of black spots; legs black, stout, short; wings grey ; 
veins black, normal ; alulez white. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Mexico. 

Sarcophaga effrenata. 

Mas.—Cinerea, vix robusta, capite albo, vertice cinereo, fronta- 
libus nigris antice angustioribus, thorace vittis tribus nigris, 
abdomine tessellato apice fulvo, pedibus nigris validis, alis 
cinereis, alulis albidis. 

Male.—Cinereous, hardly stout : head white; vertex cinereous ; 

frontalia black, narrower in front; epistoma not prominent; 
thorax with three black stripes, the middle one narrower than the 


310 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


other two; abdomen tessellated ; tip tawny; legs black, stout ; 
wings grey; veins black, normal ; alule whitish. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Mexico. 

Sarcophaga forlipes. 

Mas.—Atra, robusta, capite albido, frontalibus atris antice 
latescentibus, palpis subclavatis longiusculis, thorace vittis 
quatuor albidis interlineatis, abdomine nitente pilosissimo 
apice rufo, pedibus validis, femoribus tibiisque posterioribus 
densé ciliatis, alis cinereis basi ex parte nigricantibus, alulis 
nigricante cinereis. 

Male.—Deep black, stout: head whitish, more cinereous on the 
vertex ; frontalia deep black, widening in front; epistoma promi- 
nent; palpi subclavate, rather long; thorax with four interlined 
whitish stripes; abdomen shining, very pilose and with some 
spines towards the tip, which is red ; legs stout; posterior femora 
and tibize densely ciliated; wings grey, partly blackish at the 
base; veins black, normal ; alulee blackish grey. 

Length of the body 7—9 lines; of the wings 13—16 lines. 

Haiti. 

Sub-Fam. MUSCIDES. 
Genus CatuipHora, Desv. 
Calliphora femorata. 

Feem.—Cyanea, valida, lata, viridi purpureoque varia, vertice 
nigricante, frontalibus ferrugineis, palpis fulvis, antennis rufe- 
scentibus, thorace subcinereo antice viridi, humeris pectore et 
abdominis basi testaceis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis tarsisque piceis, 
alis obscure cinereis, costa basali et apicali fusc&é, vena pre- 
brachiali angulum obtusum subrotundatum fingente intus 
apicem versus subarcuata, vena discali transversa sub-undu- 
Jata, alulis obscuré cinereis. 

Female.—Blue, stout, tinged with green and purple: head 
testaceous, large, prominent in front; vertex blackish; frontalia 
ferruginous; palpi tawny; antenne reddish, reaching the epi- 
stoma; third joint very long; thorax with slight cinereous to- 
mentum, green in front; humeri, pectus and base of the abdomen 
testaceous ; legs tawny ; tibize and tarsi piceous ; wings dark grey, 
brown along the costa near the base and also near the tip; veins 
black ; praebrachial vein forming an obtuse and somewhat rounded 
angle at its flexure, very slightly curved inward from thence to 
its tip, which is very little in front of the tip of the wing; discal 
transverse vein undulating, parted by hardly half its length from 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 311 


the border and by more than half its length from the flexure of 
the prebrachial; alulee dark grey. 
Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 
Mexico. 
Calliphora socors. 


Foem.—Cyaneo-nigra, capite testaceo, vertice nigro, proboscide 
antennisque fulvis, palpis testaceis clavatis, thorace fasciis 
cinereis, lateribus pectoreque fulvis, abdomine purpurascente 
cyaneo, basi fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis cinereis 
fusco-nebulosis, vena prebrachiali angulum rotundatum valdé 
obtusum fingente, vend discali transversd subrecta, alulis 
cinereis. 


Female.—Bluish black: head testaceous, prominent in front ; 
vertex black; proboscis tawny ; palpi testaceous, clavate ; anten- 
nz tawny, not reaching the epistoma; thorax with bands of cine- 
reous tomentum; sides and pectus tawny; abdomen purplish 
blue, tawny at the base; legs tawny; tibie darker than the fe- 
mora; tarsi black ; wings grey, mostly clouded with brown; pre- 
brachial vein forming a rounded and very obtuse angle at its 
flexure, which is very near the border, straight from thence to the 
tip, which is at the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein nearly 
straight, parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by 
alittle less than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial; 
alulze cinereous. 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 11 lines. 

Mexico. 


Genus Curysomyrsa, Desv. 
Chrysomya inclinata. 


Foem.—Cyanescente viridis, capite anticé fulvo, frontalibus ni- 
gris, palpis fulvis, antennis piceis, abdominis basi subtus 
rufescente, pedibus nigris, alis vitreis, basi et apud costam 
nigris, vena preebrachiali angulum rectum bené determinatum 
fingente, vend transversa discali anticé extus subarcuatdé. 


Female. Bluish green, shining: head tawny and with white 
tomentum in front and beneath; frontalia black; palpi tawny ; 
antenne piceous, extending to the epistoma; abdomen reddish at 
the base beneath; legs black; wings vitreous, black at the base 
and along the costa; veins black; preebrachial vein forming a 
right and well defined angle at its flexure, near which it is much 
curved inward and is thence straight to its tip; discal transverse 
vein slightly curved outward near its fore end, parted by hardly 


312 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


more than half its length from the border and by much more than 
half its length from the flexure of the prebrachial ; alulae white. 
Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 
Natal. 


Genus Lucitta Desv. 
Lucilia surrepens. 
Feem.—Aureo-viridis, capite albido, frontalibus ferrugineis, epi- 
stomatis lateribus, palpis humerisque fulvis, antennis rufe- 
scentibus, pedibus nigris, alis vix cinerascentibus, vena pree- 


brachiali arcuata, vena discali transversa subundulata, alulis 


albis. 


Female.—Golden green: head with whitish tomentum; fronta- 
lia ferruginous ; epistoma tawny on each side; palpi tawny; an- 
tenne reddish; third joint rather short; humeri tawny; legs 
black; wings hardly greyish; veins black; preebrachial vein 
curved at its flexure; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, 
parted by more than half its length from the border and by not 
Jess than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial; alulze 
white. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Mexico. 


Lucilia inventrix. 

Feem.—Leté cyanea, capite albo, frontalibus atris, palpis anten- 
nis pedibusque nigris, thoracis lateribus cyaneo-viridibus, 
abdomine rufo apud discum sub-cyanescente, alis cinereis, 
vena preebrachiali arcuaté, vena discali transversa intus vix 
arcuata. 

Female.—Bright blue: head white; frontalia deep black ; palpi, 
antenne and legs black; sides of the thorax bluish green; abdo- 
men red, with a bluish tinge in the disc; wings grey; veins 
black ; preebrachial vein curved at its flexure, ending at a little in 
front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein hardly curved 
inward, parted by less than its length from the border and by very 
much more than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 


Natal. 
Genus Pyretiia, Desv. 
Pyrellia suspicax. 


Mas.—Obscuré purpurascente cyanea, capite nigro, facie anten- 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 318 


nisque ferrugineis, abdomine viridescente cyaneo, pedibus 
nigris, alis sub-cinereis, costa basali nigro-binotataé, vend 
discali transversa vix arcuata, alulis nigricantibus. 

Male.—Dark purplish blue, shining: head black; face and 
antenne ferruginous; third joint of the antenne rather short; 
abdomen greenish blue; legs black; wings slightly greyish, with 
two black marks on the costa near the base; veins black; discal 
transverse vein hardly curved, parted by less than half its length 
from the border and by little less than its length from the flexure 
of the prebrachial ; alulae blackish. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Mexico. 

Pyreilia specialis. 

Feem.—Viridescente cyanea, capite albo, frontalibus palpis pedi- 
busque nigris, antennis pallidé rufescentibus, alis sub-cinereis, 
venis transversis costaque ex parte fusco-nebulosis, vend pre- 
brachiali arcuata, vena discali transversa recta, alulis sub- 
cinerels. 

Female.—Greenish blue: head white, except the vertex; fron- 
talia, palpi and legs black; antenne pale reddish; third joint 
rather short; wings greyish; transverse veins, costa in front of 
the preebrachial transverse vein and towards the tip clouded with 
brown; preebrachial vein forming a curve at its flexure, which is 
very near the border of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight, 
parted by less than half its length from the border and by more 
than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee greyish. 

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Mexico. 

Pyrellia scordalus. 

Feem.— Picea, capite testaceo, frontalibus saturate rufis, palpis 
antennisque testaceis, thorace vittis quinque cinereis, pectore 
pedibusque testaceis, abdomine purpureo basi testaceo, tar- 
sis apice piceis, alis obscuré cinereis, vena preebrachiali sub- 
arcuata, vena discali transversa sub-undulata. 

Female.—Piceous: head testaceous, with white tomentum ; 
frontalia deep red ; proboscis, palpi and antennee testaceous ; third 
joint moderately long, reaching the epistoma ; thorax with five 
cinereous stripes ; pectus testaceous ; abdomen purple, testaceous 
towards the base ; legs testaceous ; tarsi piceous towards the tips ; 
wings dark grey; preebrachial vein gé ntly curved at its flexure, 
which is very near the border, ending at the tip of the wing; 
discal transverse vein slightly undulating, partly by more than 

VOL. V. N.S. PART VUI.—FEB. 1861. Yi 


314 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


half its length from the border and by more than its length from 
the flexure of the preebrachial ; alule grey. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines. 

Mexico. 

Genus Musca, Linn. 
Musca sensifera. 

Mas.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus atris 
anticé latescentibus, palpis antennisque fulvis, thorace vittis 
tribus nigris, abdomine basi nigro-piceo, fasciis duabus canis, 
alis cinereis, venis fuscescente nebulosis, vena prebrachiali 
angulum rectum fingente, vena discali transvers& undulata. 

Male.— Black, with cinereous tomentum: head white; fron- 

talia deep black, widening in front; proboscis, palpi and antennz 
tawny ; third joint of the antenne rather short, not reaching the 
epistoma ; thorax with three black stripes; abdomen piceous, 
black towards the base; second and third segments with hoary 
bands on the fore borders; wings grey, brownish along the black 
veins; prebrachial vein forming a well defined right angle at its 
flexure, slightly curved inward from thence to the tip, which is 
a little in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein un- 
dulating, parted by less than half its length from the border and by 
more than half its length from the flexure of the prebrachial ; 
alulz greyish white. 

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Mexico. 

Musca perlata. 


Feem.—Obscuré cyanea, setosa, sat gracilis, capite albido, fron- 
talibus obscuré nigris, palpis antennis pedibusque nigris, 
thoracis vittis quatuor pectoreque albidis, abdomine fasciis 
duabus latis albidis, apice rufescente, alis sub-cinereis, basi 
vittaque costali lata nigris, vena preebrachiali angulum rectum 
fingente, vena discali transversa subundulata. 

Female.—Dark blue, bristly, rather slender: head black, with 

whitish tomentum ; frontalia dull black, widening in front; palpi 
and antenne black ; third joint of the latter slender, reaching the 
epistoma; thorax with four whitish stripes; pectus whitish; ab- 
domen with two broad whitish bands; tip reddish; legs black ; 
wings greyish, black at the base, and with a broad black costal 
stripe; prebrachial vein forming a well defined right angle at its 
flexure, near which it is curved inward, and is thence straight to 
its tip, which is somewhat in front of the tip of the wing; discal 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 315 


transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by half its length from 
the border, and by more than half its length from the flexure 
of the prebrachial ; alule white. 

Length of the body 33 lines ; of the wings 6 lines. 


Natal. 
Sub-Fam. ANTHOMYIDES. 


Genus Aricia, Desv. 


Aricia rescita. 

Fcem.—Cinerea, capite albo, frontalibus nigris, antennis longius- 
culis, aristé plumosa, thorace vittis quatuor nigricantibus, 
abdomine tessellato, alis sub-cinereis, Jituris duabus (una 
basali, altera costali) nigris, venis transversis nigro-nebulosis, 
alulis albis. 

Female.—Cinereous: head white; frontalia black; antenne 
reaching the epistoma; arista plumose ; thorax with four blackish 
stripes ; abdomen tessellated ; wings greyish ; veins black ; a black 
mark in the disk near the base and another on the costa; pre- 
brachial transverse vein clouded with black ; discal transverse vein 
slightly clouded with black, forming a slight outward angle, parted 
by much less than its length from the border, and by not less than 
its length from the prebrachial transverse vein; alulz white. 

Length of the body 2% lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Mexico. 

Aricia procedens. 

Foem.—Cinerea, capite albo, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace 
vittis quatuor indistinctis fuscescentibus, abdomine maculis 
quatuor magnis obscuré fuscis, pedibus fulvis, alis cinereis, 
venis transyersis nigro-nebulosis, vena discali transversa 
intus arcuata, alulis albido-cinereis. 

Female —Cinereous: head white; vertex cinereous ; proboscis, 
palpi and antennez black ; third joint of the antennze long, reaching 
the epistoma; thorax with four indistinct brownish stripes ; ab- 
domen with four large dark brown spots; legs tawny ; tibize and 
fore femora darker than the posterier femora; wings grey; veins 
black ; transverse veins clouded with black; discal transverse 
vein curved inward, parted by much less than its length from the 
border, and by about its length from the prebrachial transverse 
vein; alulz whitish cinereous. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Mexico, 

x2 


316 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Arwia circulatrix. 

Feem.—Cana, setis nonnullis longis validis, capite albido, fronta- 
libus atris, palpis piceis, antennarum articulo 3° longo basi 
rufo, arista plumosa, thorace vittis quatuor angustis pigris, 
abdomine fasciis duabus latis cinereis, pedibus fulvis validis 
longiusculis, tarsis nigris, alis sub-cinereis, vena discali trans- 
versa intus sub-arcuata, alulis albis, balteribus fulvis. 

Female.— Hoary, moderately broad, with some long stout 
bristles: head white; frontalia deep black, widening in front ; 
epistoma not prominent; palpi slender, piceous; antenne nearly 
reaching the epistoma; third joint slender, linear, red at the base, 
about four times the length of the second ; arista plumose, much 
longer than the third joint ; thorax with four slender black stripes ; 
abdomen with two broad cinereous bands in the middle, not longer 
than the thorax; legs tawny, stout, rather long; tarsi black ; 
wings greyish ; veins black; discal transverse vein slightly curved 
inward in the middle, parted by very much less than its length 
from the border, and by more than its length from the preebrachial 
transverse vein; alulae white; halteres tawny. 

Length of the body 43 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 

Mexico. 

Aricia inducta. 

Cinerea, capite albido, antennis nigris, articulo 2° rufo, thorace 
vittis quatuor nigricantibus, abdomine sub-tessellato, pedibus 
testaceis, tarsis nigris, alis sub-cinereis. 

Cinereous: head whitish in front about the eyes; antenne 
black ; second joint red ; thorax with four blackish stripes; ab- 
domen slightly tessellated ; legs testaceous ; tarsi black ; wings 
greyish ; veins black, testaceous towards the base; discal trans- 
verse vein angular inward, parted by less than its length from the 
border and by a little more than its length from the preebrachial 
transverse vein. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 63 lines. 

New South Wales. 


Genus Opnyra, Desv. 


Ophyra intendens. 
Nigra, nitens, thorace vittato?, pectore cinereo, alis cinereis, 
venis transversis nigro-nebulosis, halteribus testaceis. 
Black, shining: palpi and antenne black; arista bare; thorax 
striped? ; pectus with cinereous tomentum; wings grey; veins 
black ; transverse veins clouded with black; discal transverse 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 317 


vein hardly curved, parted by a little less than its length from the 
border, and by a little more than its length from the prabrachial 
transverse vein; halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines. 

New South Wales. 

Ophyra congressa. 

Anthracina, sub-pilosa, abdomine pubescente, alis sub-cinereis, 
venis testaceis, alulis sub-cinereis testaceo-marginatis, halte- 
ribus albidis. 

Coal black, slightly pilose: abdomen thickly pubescent ; wings 
slightly greyish ; veins testaceous; discal transverse vein oblique, 
hardly curved, parted by about half its length from the border, 
and by hardly less than its length from the preebrachial transverse 
vein; alulz slightly cinereous, with testaceous borders ; halteres 
whitish. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Hindostan. 


Genus Antuomyia, Meigen. 
Anthomyia protrita. 

Foam.—Cinerea, capite albido, frontalibus atris, antennis brevius- 
culis, thorace vittis quatuor angustis nigricantibus, abdomine 
tessellato, pedibus nigris, alis sub-cinereis, vena prebrachiali 
angulum obtusum fingente, vena discali transversd subrecta. 

I’emale.—Cinereous: head whitish ; frontalia deep black ; an- 

tennz short, not reaching the epistoma ; thorax with four slender 
blackish stripes ; abdomen tessellated ; legs black ; wings greyish ; 
veins black; prabrachial vein forming an obtuse but well defined 
angle, slightly curved inward from thence to its tip, which is some- 
what in front of the tip of the front ; discal transverse vein nearly 
straight, parted by about its length from the border, and by much 
Jess than its length from the flexure of the przbrachial; alulz 
white. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 

Mexico, 

Authomyia prolectata. 

Foem.—Cyanescente nigra, capite albo, vertice palpis antennis 
pedibusque nigris, thoracis vittis duabus latis, lateribus pec- 
toreque albis, abdomine subtessellato, alis sub-cinereis, vend 
prebrachiali arcuata, vend discali transversa recta. 

Female.—Bluish black : head white ; vertex, proboscis, palpi, 

antenne and legs black; thorax with two broad white stripés ; 


318 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


sides and pectus also white ; abdomen slightly tessellated ; wings 
slightly greyish; veins black ; preebrachial vein curved ; ending 
at the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein straight, parted by 
half its length from the border and by more than its length from 
the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee whitish. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 


Natal. 
Genus Hyztemyia, Desv. 


. Hylemyia probata. 


Mas.—Atra, gracilis, arista subplumosa, abdomine pedibusque 
nigris, alis nigricantibus apud costam nigris, vend preebra- 
chiali arcuata, vena discali transversa recta, alulis nigrican- 
tibus. 

Male.— Deep black, slender : arista slightly plumose ; abdomen 
and legs black; wings blackish, black along the costa; veins 
black; prabrachial vein curved, ending at just in front of the 
tip of the wing; discal transverse vein straight, parted by a little 
more than half its length from the border, and. by very much 
more than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial; alule 
blackish. 

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 

Mexico. 


Genus Canosia, Meigen. 


Ceenosia intacta. 

Cana, subsetosa, antennis pallide rufis longiusculis apice nigri- 
cantibus, abdominis segmentis nigro-bimaculatis albo-mar- 
ginatis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus cinereis, alis albis, venis 
albidis, halteribus testaceis. 


Hoary, slightly setose : antenne pale red, blackish towards the 
tips, extending to the epistoma; third joint rather long ; arista 
black ; abdominal segments with a black spot on each side, their 
hind borders white ; legs testaceous ; femora cinereous, with tes- 
taceous tips ; wings white; veins whitish ; costal vein black ; discal 
transverse vein straight, upright, parted by nearly twice its length 
from the border aud by much more than its length from the prae- 
brachial transverse vein; halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 23 lines. 

United States. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 319 


Div. ACALYPTER-. 
Sub-Fam. Hetomyzipes. 
Genus Hetomyza, Fall. 


Helomyza gratiosa. 

Testacea, capite maculis duabus superis guttisque duabus 
inferis nigris, antennarum articulo 3° supra nigro, arista 
plumosa, thorace vittis quatuor maculisque lateralibus fulvis, 
pectore abdomineque piceis, hujus lateribus luteo-trima- 
culatis, pedibus nigris, tarsis luteis apice nigris, alis nigri- 
cantibus albido-maculatis, halteribus testaceis. 

Testaceous: head with two black spots on the vertex, and with 
two black dots beneath, where it is paler; third joint of the an- 
tenne black above; arista plumose; thorax with four tawny 
stripes and with a few tawny lateral spots; pectus and abdomen 
piceous, the latter with large luteous spots on each side; legs 
black ; tarsi luteous, black towards the tips; wings blackish, with 
several whitish round spots, the two largest occupying the tip; 
halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Natal. 

Helomyza bipunctata. 

Fulva, capite supra maculis duabus oblongis nigris, antennarum 
articulo 3° nigro, abdominis segmentis nigricante marginatis, 
tibiis apice tarsisque nigris, femoribus posticis gutta apical 
nigra, alis sub-testaceo vitreis, venis pallide testaceis. 

Tawny: head above with two black oblong spots, which spots 
are attenuated hindward; third joint of the antennz black; hind 
borders of the abdominal segments blackish ; tarsi and tips of the 
tibia black; hind femora with a biack apical dot; wings with a 
slight testaceous tinge; veins pale testaceous ; discal transverse 
vein straight, parted by more than half its length from the border 
and by much more than its length from the praebrachial trans- 
verse vein. 

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Tasmania. 


Genus Dryomyza, Meig. 


Dryomyza maculiceps. 
Testacea, capite guttis quatuor nigris, antennis_ breviusculis, 
arista nuda, thorace vittis quinque ferrugineis, pectore guttis 
quatuor lateralibus nigris, abdomine fuscescente, basi tes- 


320 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


tacea, tarsis apice fuscescentibus, alis sub-cinereis, vena dis- 
cali transversa recta, strigd discali nigra. 

Testaceous: head with two black dots above the insertion of 
the antenne and two more by the epistoma; antenne short; 
third joint elongate-conical; arista bare ; thorax with five ferru- 
ginous stripes ; pectus with two black dots on each side; ab- 
domen brownish, except at the base; tarsi brownish towards the 
tips; wings greyish; veins black, testaceous at the base; discal 
transverse vein straight, upright, parted by full its length from 
the border, and by more than twice its length from the praebra- 
chial transverse vein; a black streak in the disk. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines. 

Mexico. 

Genus Catepa, Meigen. 


Caelepa offendens. 

Civerea, capite longiusculo apud oculos albo, antennis nigris, 
thorace vittis canis, abdominis apice pedibusque fusce- 
scentibus, alis sub-cinereis, venis pallide-testaceis, halteribus 
albidis. 

Cinereous: head somewhat elongate, white about the eyes; 
antenne black ; thorax with hoary stripes ; abdomen brownish at 
the tip ; legs brownish ; wings very slightly greyish; veins pale 
testaceous ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by 
much less than its length from the border, and by much more than 
twice its length from the przbrachial transverse vein; halteres 
whitish. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Tasmania. 

Genus Sciomyza, Fallen. 
Sciomyza transducta. 

Cinerea, capite antico testaceo, antennis abdomineque nigris, 
pedibus fulvis, tarsis anticis nigris, alis sub-cinereis, cosa 
exteriore liturisque discalibus obscurioribus, halteribus tes- 
taceis. 

Cinereous: head testaceous in front and beneath; antennze 
black; abdomen black; legs tawny; fore-tarsi black; wings 
slightly greyish, dark grey along the apical part of the costa, and 
mottled with dark grey in the disk; discal transverse vein slightly 
curved and oblique, parted by half its length from the border, 
and by nearly twice its length from the preebrachial transverse 
vein; halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 3 lines. 

United States. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 321 


Genus Sarromyza, Meig. 


Sapromyza apta. 

Testacea, subsetosa, capite albido, tarsis nigris, alis cinereo- 
vitreis, vitta costali informi nigra, venis discali et preebrachiali 
transversis nigro-nebulosis. 

Testaceous, slightly setose : head whitish, testaceous about the 
eyes; tarsi black; wings greyish-vitreous, with a black irregular 
costal stripe extending from a little before two-thirds of the length 
of the costa to the preebrachial vein; discal and prebrachial 
transverse veins clouded with black ; discal transverse vein parted 
by less than half its length from the border, and by a little less 
than its length from the przebrachial transverse vein. 

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 

Mexico. 

Genus Teranocera, Dumeril. 


Tetanocera pectoralis. 

Testacea, capite guttis tribus anticis, thorace vittis duabus, 
pectore guttis duabus lateralibus tarsisque anticis nigris, an- 
tennis longiusculis, articulo 3° lanceolato, aristd plumosa, 
pectore strigis duabus lateralibus fuscis, alis sub-cinereis 
apud costam nigris, vena discali transversa recta. 

Testaceous: head in front with three black dots; antenne 
rather long; third joint lanceolate ; arista plumose; thorax with 
two black stripes; pectus with a black dot on each side by the 
base of the wing and a contiguous brown streak ; fore tarsi black ; 
wings greyish, black along the costa; discal transverse vein 
straight, upright, parted by about its length from the border, and 
by much more than its length from the prebrachial transverse vein. 

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 

Mexico. 

Tetanocera discalis. 

Testacea, capite supra fulvo, antennis nigricantibus, thorace 
vittis duabus angustis interruptis nigris, pectore vittis duabus 
latis nigris, abdomine nigro, vitta discali testacea, alis nigri- 
cantibus albo-guttatis. 

Testaceous: head tawny above; antenne blackish; thorax 
with two slender interrupted black stripes; pectus with two broad 
black stripes; abdomen black, with a testaceous dorsal stripe 
which does not extend to the tip; wings blackish, with white dots 
on the costa, two on the hind border and a larger apical one. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

Burmah. 


322 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


Sub-Fam. LAUXANIDES. 
Genus Loncuaa, Fall. 
Loncheea discrepans. 


ZEneo-nigra, antennis testaceis, articulo 3° brevi conico, arista 
plumosa, pedibus piceis, tarsis testaceis, alis sub-cinereis, 
halteribus albis. 

/Eneous black : antenne testaceous; third joint short, conical ; 
arista plumose; legs piceous; tarsi testaceous; wings greyish ; 
veins black ; halteres white. 

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 4 lines. 

Mexico. 


Sub-Fam. ORTALIDES. 
Genus Dacus, Fabr. 


Dacus pectoralis. 

Ferrugineus, antennarum articulo 3° lineari gracillimo longis- 
simo, scutello pectoris fasciis duabus, maculisque duabus et 
segmenti abdominalis 1! margine postico pallide flavis, femo- 
ribus basi flavis, tarsis albidis apice ferrugineis, alis sub- 
cinereis, vitta costali strigaque apud venam sub-analem fuscis. 

Ferruginous: third joint of the antennez linear, slender, very 

long, reaching the epistoma; scutellum pale yellow; pectus with 
a pale yellow, slightly oblique band, and with a posterior pale 
yellow spot on each side; abdomen with a slender yellow band on 
the hind border of the first segment; femora yellow towards the 
base ; tarsi whitish, with ferruginous tips; wings very slightly 
greyish, with a brownish costal stripe, which is wider exteriorly, 
and with a brown streak along the subanal vein; discal transverse 
vein straight, oblique, parted by about one-fourth of its length 
from the border, and by about its length from the prabrachial 
transverse, which is oblique in the opposite direction. 

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 

Natal. 

Dacus brevistriga. 

Fom.—Ferrugineus, capite testaceo, antennis. fulvis, -thorace 
vitta tomentosa albidd, scutello pectorisque maculis duabus 
lateralibus flavis, pedibus testaceis, alis vitreis vitta costali 
fusca, vend preebrachiali transversa fusco-nebulosa. 

Female.— Ferruginous: head testaceous ; antennz tawny ; third 

joint rather shorter than that of D. pectoralis; thorax with a 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 323 


whitish tomentose stripe; scutellum yellow; pectus with a large 
pale yellow spot on each side ; legs testaceous ; wings vitreous, with 
a brown costal stripe which extends round the tip to the end of 
the prebrachial vein; prebrachial transverse vein clouded with 
brown ; radial vein very near the costa; prebrachial vein slightly 
curved between its tip and the discal transverse vein ; the latter 
straight, upright, parted by less than one-fourth of its length from 
the border, and by a little less than its length from the preebra- 
chial transverse, which is slightly oblique. 

Length of the body 3% lines; of the wings 6 lines. 

Natal. 

Dacus incisus. 

Niger, capite fulvo, thoracis vittis duabus lateralibus posticis, 
callis humeralibus, scutello, pectoris fasciis duabus maculisque 
duabus lateralibus, necnon abdominis basi et segmenti 1' 
margine postico flavis, ventre testaceo vitta nigra, femoribus 
posticis tarsisque anterioribus basi, tarsisque posticis flavis, 
tiblis anticis fulvis, alis vitreis, vitta costali nigra. 

Black: head tawny; thorax with a yellow stripe on each side 
hindward; humeral calli and scutellum yellow; pectus with a 
yellow, slightly oblique band, and with a posterior yellow spot on 
each side; abdomen yellow at the base, and with a yellow band 
on the hind border of the first segment ; this band is excavated in 
the middle of the fore border; underside testaceous, with a black 
stripe which widens much hindward ; anterior tarsi yellow towards 
the base; fore tibize tawny ; hind tarsi yellow; hind femora yel- 
low for half the length from the base; wings vitreous, with a 
slender black costal stripe which extends to the tip; structure of 
the veins like that of D. brevistriga. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines. 

Burmah. 

Dacus squalidus. 

Obscure testaceus, sub-pubescens, vertice nigricante, antennis 
fulvis longiusculis, thoracis disco fulvo, alis maculis duabus 
costalibus sub-cinereis. 

Mas.— Abdomine nigricante compresso. 

Fcem.—Abdominis dimidio apicali ferrugineo depresso nitente. 

Dull testaceous, somewhat pubescent: vertex of the head 
blackish; face oblique, with two grooves for the reception of the 
antenne ; the latter tawny, extending to the epistoma; second 
joint rather long; third slightly narrower towards the tip; disk 
of the thorax tawny ; wings with a greyish costal spot before the 


324 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


middle, and another more diffuse one on the apical part; discal 
transverse vein slightly bent inward, parted by about one-third of 
its length from the border and by less than its length from the 
prebrachial transverse vein. 

Male.—Abdomen blackish, compressed. 

Female.— Apical half of the abdomen ferruginous, depressed, 

shining. 

Length of the body 3—33 lines; of the wings 53—6 lines. 

Hindostan. 

Genus Bricinnra, N. 

Corpus longiusculum, sat angustum. Peristoma magnum. 
Antennarum articulus 3"° longus, gracilis, linearis; arista 
simplex, gracilis. Thorax longus, lateribus compressis. 
Abdomen longum, subfusiforme, apice attenuatum. Pedes 
validi. Alze sat angustee, venis rectis. 


Feem.—Oviductus vagine producte, graciles. 

Body rather long and narrow. Epistoma rather prominent ; 
mouth large; third joint of the antennz long, slender, linear, 
extending to the epistoma; arista slender, simple, nearly twice 
the length of the third joint. Thorax long, compressed on each 
side. Abdomen long, subfusiform, attenuated towards the tip. 
Legs stout, moderately long. Wings rather narrow; veins 
straight. 

Female.—Abdomen attenuated at the tip. Vagina of the 
oviduct slender, produced. 


Bricinnia flexivitta. 

Foeem.—Nigra, capite apud oculos albo, vitta anticé albida, an- 
tennis ferrugineis basi fulvis, thorace vittis tribus albidis, 
pectore purpureo-cyaneo, abdomine cupreo, femoribus pos- 
ticis basi flavis, tarsis fulvis, alis sub-cinereis, costa apiceque 
luridis, vitta discali angulataé nigr4, vend discali transversa 
vix arcuata. 

Female.—Black: head white about the eyes and with a whitish 

facial stripe, which is dilated towards the epistoma; antennze 

ferruginous, tawny towards the base; thorax with three whitish 
stripes; pectus blue, varied with purple; abdomen cupreous ; 
vagina of the oviduct attenuated; hind femora yellow towards 
the base ; tarsi tawny ; wings greyish, lurid along the costa and at 
the tips, and with a blackish stripe which extends from the base 
to and along the discal transverse vein; the latter is upright and 
hardly curved, and is parted by four times its length from the 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 325 


border, and by a little less than its length from the preebrachial 
transverse vein, which is oblique. 


Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 
Mexico. 
Genus Cuarax. 

Corpus longum, gracile. Antennarum articulus 3"° longus, 
lanceolatus; arista simplex, gracilis. Thorax longissimus, 
lateribus compressis. Abdomen valde compressum, thorace 
brevius et angustius. Ale angustee, venis subrectis. 


Foem.—Abdomen apice attenuatum et acuminatum. 


Body long, slender. Epistoma prominent. Antenne with the 
third joint long, lanceolate, nearly reaching the epistoma ; arista 
long, slender, nearly twice the length of the third joint. Thorax 
very long; sides compressed. Abdomen much compressed, nar- 
rower and shorter than the thorax, Legs moderately long and 
stout. Wings narrow; veins almost straight, 


Female. —Abdomen attenuated and acuminated at the tip. 


Charax planidorsum. 


Viridescente nigra, thorace vittis tribus sub-cinereis, abdomine 
viridi-metallico, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis sub-cinereis 
vitta tenui costali nigra, vena discali transversa recta, vend 
preebrachiali transversa brevissima. 

Greenish black: thorax with three greyish stripes; abdomen 
metallic green; antennz and legs black ; wings greyish, with a 
slender black stripe along the costa from one-third of the length 
to the end of the praebrachial vein, the latter is slightly curved 
upward towards the tip; discal transverse vein straight, upright, 
parted by less than one-third of its length from the border, and 
by nearly twice its length from the praebrachial transverse; the 
latter is extremely short, the veins which it connects being almost 
contiguous between it and the base of the wing. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 

Burmah. 


Genus Orta is, Fallen. 


Ortalis leucomelas. 

Nigro-viridis, antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsis piceis, alis albis 
nigro-quadrifasciatis, fascia 14 basali, 2a 84que posticé dila- 
tatis, 44 costali; halteribus albis. 

Blackish-green : antennz and legs black ; tarsi piceous; wings 

white, with four black bands; first band near the base; second 


326 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


broad, much dilated hindward ; third narrow, also dilated hind- 
ward; fourth costal, joining the third at much beyond half the 
length of the costa, and extending thence to a little beyond the tip 
of the wing; discal transverse vein parted by one-fourth of its 
Jength from the border, and by more than twice its length from 
the prebrachial transverse vein; halteres white. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 

South America. 

Ortals bipars. 

Nigricante viridis, capite supra antennisque rufis, harum arti- 
culo 3° longo lineari, pedibus nigris, alis albis nigro-trifasciatis 
et apice maculatis, vittis 24 3Aque posticé obsoletis, 1a in- 
completa, halteribus pallidis. 

Blackisb-green : head above and antenne red; third joint 
of the antenne long, linear ; legs black ; wings white, with three 
slight black bands and a black apical spot; first band very in- 
complete ; second and third obsolete hindward ; discal transverse 
vein straight, upright, parted by one-fourth of its length from the 
border and by much more than its length from the prebrachial 
transverse vein; halteres pale. 

Length of the body 23 lines ; of the wings 4 lines. 

United States. 

Ortalis alternata. 

Viridi-nigra, nitens, capite rufo apud oculos subtusque testaceo, 
antennis rufis breviusculis, pedibus nigris, tarsis testaceis 
apice nigris, alis albis, fasciis tribus strigis duabus costalibus 
maculaque apicali nigris, halteribus albis. 

Greenish-black, shining: head red, testaceous about the eyes 
and beneath; antennze red, rather short; legs black ; tarsi tes- 
taceous, with black tips; wings white, with three black bands, 
which are paler hindward ; first and second bands slightly curved ; 
first extending along the costa to the base of the wing; a short 
costal streak between the second and third bands ; another beyond 
the third band, having behind it a black dot; a black apical spot ; 
halteres white. 

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 33 lines. 

Cape. 

Genus Tryveta, Meig. 
Trypeta polygramma. 
Fuscescens, capite cinereo guttis drabus nigris, antennis tes- 


taceis brevissimis, thoracis vittd antica, scutelli margine pec- 
toreque cinereis, abdomine nigro maculis duabus basalibus 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 327 


albidis, pedibus nigris, genubus tibiarum fascia tarsisque 
posterioribus albidis, alis nigricantibus, guttis plurimis, ma- 
culis quatuor apicalibus lineaque intermedia flexuosa albis. 
Brownish : head cinereous, rather prominent and with a black 
dot on each side above the antennz, which are testaceous and 
very short; thorax with a cincreous stripe in front, mostly cine- 
reous on each side; scutellum bordered with cinereous; pectus 
cmereous ; abdomen black, with a whitish spot on each side at the 
base; legs black; knees whitish; tibize with a whitish band ; 
posterior tarsi whitish, with dark tips; wings blackish, with four 
connected white apical spots; these are divided by some space 
from numerous white discal dots, which are bounded exteriorly 
by a white serpentine line. 


Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 
Natal. 


Sub- Fam. SEPSIDES. 


Genus Catospata, Fabr. 


Calobata cyanescens. 

Cyanescente nigra, capite cyaneo apud oculos albo, vertice atro, 
pedibus piceis, femoribus posticis testaceo-unifasciatis, femo- 
ribus tibiisque anticis nigris, tarsis anticis albis apice nigris, 
alis obscuré cinereis. 

Bluish-black. Head blue, with shining white tomentum about 
the eyes; vertex deep black. Legs piceous, long, slender ; hind 
femora with a testaceous band near the tips ; fore-legs black, their 
tarsi white, with black tips. Wings dark grey; veins black; 
radial and preebrachial veins converging towards the tip of the 
wing, where they are nearly contiguous ; discal transverse vein 
straight, nearly upright, parted by four times its length from the 
discal transverse vein, and by less than its length from the border. 

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines, 

Burmah. 

Calobata bicolor. 

Rufa, pectore et abdomine cyaneo-nigris, pedibus nigris, tarsis 
anticis albis, femoribus posterioribus piceis albo-fasciatis, 
tarsis posterioribus testaceis, alis sub-cinereis fusco-quadri- 
fasciatis. 

Red: pectus and abdomen bluish black ; legs black; fore tarsi 
white ; posterior femora piceous, with a white band near the tips ; 
posterior tarsi testaceous ; wings slightly greyish, with four brown 
bands, the middle one about four times the breadth of the first; 


328 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


the third apical, paler than the others and much broader than 
the first; veins black, like those of the preceding species in 
structure. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 


Genus MicuogasteEr, Macq. 
Michogaster basistriga. 

Testacea, capite transverso antice depresso, antennarum articulo 
3° lineari, pectore abdomineque nigris, tibiis posticis nigris 
subarcuatis, tarsis posticis basi albidis, alis vitreis macula 
apicali nigra, venis transversis basalibus et prebrachiali 
nigro-nebulosis, halteribus albis. 

Testaceous: head transverse, a little broader than the thorax, 
flat and slightly oblique in front; face retracted; antennz not 
extending to the epistoma ; third joint linear, rounded at the tip; 
arista very slender, more than twice the length of the third joint; 
pectus and abdomen black; hind tibiae black, slightly curved ; 
hind tarsi whitish towards the base; wings vitreous, with a black 
apical spot; basal transverse veins and prebrachial transverse 
vein clouded with black; discal transverse vein almost straight 
and upright, parted by less than half its length from the border 
and by more than twice its length from the praebrachial trans- 
verse vein; halteres white. 

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 43 lines. 

South America. 


Michogaster marginailis. 

Testacea, antennis nigris longis, thorace fusiformi, abdomine 
subclavato, pedibus longiusculis, tarsis nigris, alis vitreis 
apud costam nigris, halteribus apice nigris. 

Testaceous, slightly setose: head a little broader than the 
thorax, oblique and depressed in front; face retracted, and thus 
forming an angle with the front; antennae black, extending to the 
epistoma; third joint linear, slender, very long; arista very 
minutely pubescent, longer than the third joint ; thorax fusiform ; 
abdomen sub-clavate, much longer than the thorax; legs rather 
long; tarsi black ; wings vitreous, black along the costa to a little 
beyond the tip; praebrachial transverse vein clouded with black ; 
discal transverse vein slightly oblique and curved, parted by one- 
fourth of its length from the border and by twice its length from 
the preebrachial transverse vein; halteres with black knobs. 

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 54 lines. 

Amazon Region. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 329 


Genus Nremopopa, Desy, 
Nemopoda induans. 

Nigra, obscura, capite supra nitente, antennis piceis, pedibus 
testaceis, posticis nigris, femoribus posticis basi tarsisque 
posticis testaceis, coxis albidis, alis sub-cinereis, halteribus 
testaceis. 

Black, dull: head shining above ; antennz piceous; legs tes- 
taceous ; hind legs black; hind femora at the base, hind tarsi, 
excepting the tips and hind knees, testaceous ; coxz whitish ; 
wings vitreous, slightly cinereous; discal transverse vein parted 
by more than its length from the border and from the pre- 
brachial transverse vein; halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings + lines. 

South America. 

Sub-Fam. DIOPSIDES. 
Genus Dtopsis, Linn. 
Diopsis obstans. 

Mas.—Nigra, gracilis, oculorum petiolis thorace non longioribus 
apice ferrugineis, abdomine fasciis cinereis, pedibus piceis, 
coxis, femoribus posterioribus basi tarsisque anticis albidis, 
his apice nigris, alis sub-cinereis fuscescente sub-nebulosis 
apice fuscescentibus. 

Mule.—Black, slender: petioles of the eyes about as long as 
the thorax, their knobs with the apical half ferruginous; scu- 
tellum with two long slender spines; abdomen with cinereous 
bands ; legs piceous ; coxeze whitish; posterior femora whitish at 
the base; fore tarsi whitish, with black tips; wings greyish, 
slightly brownish in the disk, and with brownish tips. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 

Natal. 

Sub-Fam. PSILIDES. 
Genus Loxocera, Fabr. 
Loxocera? quadrilinea. 

Fulva, nitens, capite antico depresso, antennarum articulo 3° 
nigro longissimo, theracis vittis quatuor, abdomine, tibiis 
anticis apice tarsisque anticis nigris, alis vitreis, halteribus 
albidis. 

Tawny, shining: head flat in front; antennz slender, linear, 
longer than the breadth of the head ; third joint black ; thorax 
with two slight black stripes on each side; abdomen, fore tarsi 
and tips of fore tibize black ; wings vitreous ; veins black, straight ; 

VOL. V. N. S. PART VUI.—FEB. 1861. Z 


330 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera 


discal transverse vein very far from the border, and parted by 
more than twice its length from the praebrachial transvere vein ; 
halteres whitish. 

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 25 lines. 

United States. 

Genus Cuyuiza, Fallen. 
Chyliza nigro-viridis. 

Feem.—Nigro-viridis, capite apud oculos albo, antennis nigris, 
thoracis tomento cinereo, abdomine lanceolato, pedibus pal- 
lide fulvis, alis vitreis, venis testaceis, halteribus albidis. 

Female.—Blackish-green: head whitish about the eyes; an- 

tenne black; thorax with cinereous tomentum; abdomen lanceo- 
late, very much longer than the thorax; legs pale tawny; wings 
vitreous ; veins testaceous ; halteres whitish. 

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines. 

United States. 

Sub-Fam. GEOMYZIDES. 
Genus Opomyza, Fallen. 
Opomyza signicosta. 

Testacea, capite antico albido, thorace robusto, abdominis ma- 
culis tribus dimidioque apicali nigris, pedibus albidis, alis 
sub-cinereis, maculis duabus costalibus nigricantibus. 

Testaceous: head whitish in front; thorax rather stout; ab- 

domen with a spot on each side near the base, a dorsal spot, and 
the apical half black; legs whitish; wings slightly greyish, with 
a blackish spot on the costa near the base, and another at two- 
thirds of the length; discal transverse vein straight, parted by 
twice its length from the border, and by much more than twice 
its length from the preebrachial transverse, which is near the base. 
Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 3 lines. 
United States. 3 


Genus Drosopuita, Fallen. 
Drosophila dorsivitta. 


Testacea, valida, nitens, vitta abdominali nigra, pedibus albidis, 
alis vitreis, venis testaceis apud costam nigris. 


Testaceous, stout, shining: abdomen with a black dorsal stripe ; 
legs whitish; wings vitreous; veins testaceous, black along the 
costa; discal transverse vein straight, parted by less than its 
length from the border, and by more than twice its length from 
the przebrachial transverse vein. 

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 23 lines. 

South America. 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 331 


Drosophila inversa. 

Fusca, subtus pallidior, antennis abdomineque nigris, thoracis 
tomento cinereo, pedibus testaceis, alis sub-cinereis, vitta 
costali exteriore obscuriore, venis nigris, halteribus albidis. 

Brown, paler beneath: antenne black; thorax with cinereous 

tomentum; abdomen black; legs testaceous ; wings very slightly 
greyish, with a darker grey stripe along the apical half of the 
costa; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted by 
twice its length from the border, and by more than twice its 
length from the prebrachial transverse vein; halteres whitish. 

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 3 lines. 

United States. 


Genus Asre1A, Meig. 


Asteia? tenuis. 

Nigra, nitens, gracillima, antennis albidis, thoracis disco pallide 
cinereo, pedibus albido-testaceis, alis cinereis perangustis, 
costa alba apice nigricante, margine postico vitreo, halteribus 
pallidis. 

Black, shining, very slender: antennze whitish; disk of the 
thorax pale cinereous; legs whitish testaceous ; wings grey, very 
narrow, vitreous along the hind border, white along the costa, 
whose tip is blackish; discal transverse vein straight, oblique, 
parted by less than its length from the border, and by much more 
than its length from the prebrachial transverse vein; halteres 
pale. 

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3 lines. 

United States. 


NEMOCERA. 
Fam. BIBIONID EE. 
Genus Bis1o, Geoffr. 
Bibio criorhinus ? 

Foem.—Cyaneo-niger, capite nigro valde attenuato, abdomine 
atro, alis halteribusque nigris. 

Mas.—Pilosissimus, tibiis ferrugineis apice nigris, tarsorum 
articulis basi ferrugineis, alis sub-cinereis, venis albidis apud 
costam nigris. 

Bibio criorhinus? Bellardi, Ditt. Mess. i. 17, 1. 


Female. — Bluish-black : head black, much prolonged and 
Z2 


332 Mr. F. Walker’s Churacters of undescribed Diptera 


attenuated in front; abdomen deep black; wings and halteres 
black. 

Male.—Body very pilose; tibize ferruginous, with black tips ; 
joints of the tarsi ferruginous at the base; wings very slightly 
greyish ; veins whitish ; costal veins black. 

Length of the body 23—8 lines; of the wings 5—6 lines. 

Mexico. 

Bibio birudis. 

Mas.—Ater, thorace cyaneo-nigro, tibiis posticis femoribusque 
canaliculatis, femoribus tibiisque posticis clavatis, alis nigri- 
cante cinereis apud costam nigricantibus. 

Male.—Deep black: thorax bluish black; femora and hind 

tibia channelled; hind femora and hind tibizw clavate; wings 
blackish cinereous, blackish along the costa. 


Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 
Natal. 


Genus Ditoruus, Meig. 
Dilophus desistens. 


Fom.—Niger, abdomine sub-tuberculato, pedibus_testaceis, 
femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice nigris, coxis femoribusque 
anticis dilatatis, his sub-spinosis, alis albidis, venis albis, 
stigmate pallidé fusco, halteribus testaceis. 


Female.—Black : abdomen tuberculated ; legs testaceous ; fe- 
mora, tibize and tarsi with black tips; fore coxe and fore femora 
dilated, the latter minutely spinose ;_ wings whitish; veins white ; 
stigma pale brown; halteres testaceous. 

Length of the body 1? line; of the wings 3 lines, 

New South Wales. 


Fam. SIMULIDA. 
Genus Simutium, Latr. 
Simulium ochraceum. 


Fem.— Testaceum, albo-tomentosum, capite albo, thorace 
ochraceo vittis duabus albis, abdomine nigricante basi tes- 
taceo, femoribus tibiisque apice nigris, tarsis nigris basi 
testaceis, alis vitreis pallido-venosis. 

Female.—Testaceous, with white tomentum: head white; an- 

tenn testaceous ; thorax ochraceous, with two white stripes ; 
abdomen blackish, testaceous at the base; femora and tibiz with 


in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 333 


black tips; tarsi black, testaceous towards the base ; wings 
vitreous ; veins pale testaceous. 

Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 23 lines. 

Mexico. 

This species can hardly be the female of S. metallicum, Bellardi. 


Fam. TIPULIDZ. 
Genus Liruworta, Meig. 
Limnobia stupens. 

Feem.—¥Fusca, palpis nigris, antennis pubescentibus brevius- 
culis basi testaceis, pectore testaceo lateribus nigricantibus, 
abdomine lurido vitta dorsali nigricante, pedibus testaceis 
longiusculis, femoribus apice nigricantibus, alis cinereis, 
costa venisque fusco-marginatis, halteribus testaceis apice 
fuscis. 

Allied to Div. H. Meigen. 

Female.—Brown: palpi black; antenne pubescent, testaceous 
at the base, about twice longer than the breadth of the head; 
pectus testaceons, blackish on each side; abdomen lurid, with a 
blackish dorsal stripe; legs testaceous, rather long and slender ; 
femora with blackish tips; wings grey, brownish along the costa 
and along the veins ; halteres testaceous, with brown knobs. 

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 

Mexico. 

Limnobia nigricola. 

Fcem.—Atra, antennis validis setaceis non longis, pedibus non 
elongatis, alis nigris. 

Female.—Deep black: antenne stout, setaceous, moniliform, 
about twice longer than the breadth of the head ; legs moderately 
long ; wings black. 

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines. 

United States. 

Genus Treuta, Linn. 
Tipula associans. 

Mas.—Testacea, antennis apice fuscescentibus non_ pilosis, 
thorace vittis tribus fuscis, lateralibus duplicatis, abdomine 
apicem versus nigricante, pedibus gracillimis, tarsis lon- 
gissimis, alis sub-cinereis, maculis costalibus unaque discali 
oblongis fuscis. 

Male.—Testaceous: antennz setaccous, not pilose, brownish 
towards the tips, much Jonger than the breadth of the head: 
thorax with three brown stripes, the lateral pair double ; abdomen 
blackish towards the tip, which is pale testaceous; legs very 


334 Mr. F. Walker’s Character of undescribed Diptera. 


slender; tarsi extremely long, thread-like; wings greyish, with 
oblong brown spots along the costa, and with an oblong brown 
spot in the discal areolet ; veins black, strongly marked ; halteres 
with brownish knobs. 

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines. 

Mexico. 

Tipula dispellens. 

Fam.—Pallidé cinerea, capite maculis duabus fuscescentibus, 
palpis basi nigricantibus, antennis setaceis breviusculis non 
pilosis, thorace cervino vittis fuscis, abdomine supra fusce- 
scente, pedibus gracillimis pallide testaceis, femoribus fusce- 
scentibus, tarsis longissimis, alis sub-cinereis, cost& venisque 
fusco-lineatis, halteribus albidis apice fuscis. 

Female.—Pale cinereous: head with two brownish spots on the 
vertex ; fore part dark brown beneath; palpi blackish towards 
the base ; antennz setaceous, moniliform not pilose, a little longer 
than the breadth of the head; thorax fawn colour, with two parallel 
brown stripes, on each side of which are two brown streaks ; hind 
part pale cinereous, with three brown stripes; abdomen brownish 
above; legs pale testaceous, very slender; femora brownish, 
tarsi very long; wings slightly greyish, brownish along the costa 
and along the veins, which are dark brown; halteres whitish, with 
brown knobs. 

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines. 

Mexico. 

Genus Pacuyrutina, Macq. 


Pachyrhina nigrolutea. 

Mas.—Leeté flava, capite macula trigona nigra vittaque antica 
nigricante, antennis nigris basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus 
latis nigris, pectore maculis variis nigris, abdomine nigro basi 
subtusque testaceo, pedibus nigricantibus, femoribus flavis, 
alis sub-cinereis apud costam sub-luridis, stigmate fusco. 

Tipula nigrolutea? Bellardi, Ditt. Mess. 1, 11, 7. 


Male.—Bright yellow: head with a large black triangular spot 
on the vertex ; mouth with a blackish stripe ; antenne black, yel- 
low at the base; thorax with three broad black stripes; pectus 
with various black marks; abdomen black, testaceous at the base 
and beneath; legs blackish, very slender; cox and femora pale 
yellow, the latter with black tips; wings slightly greyish, with a 
slight lurid tinge along the costa; veins testaceous, black towards 
the tips; stigma brown; halteres with whitish tips. 

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines. 

Mexico. 


1 3351) 


XXIV. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon 
Valley. (Continued from page 228.) By H. W. 
Bares, Esq., Cor. Memb. Ent. Soc. 


[Read November 24th, 1860.] 


Group 2. P. Choridamas, and allies. 


The preceding group is connected, through P. Madyes and Victorinus, Dbld., 
with the series of fine species of which P. Scamander, Bdv., may be considered 
the type, but which has no representative in the equatorial low lands of America. 
Next to this might naturally be ranged the group to which P. Polycaon and Thoas 
belong ; but I prefer to follow the very evident line of affinity which connects 
Protodamas of the preceding, to Choridamas of the present, group. Of the five 
species, viz.: P. Choridamas, Bdv.; P. Huperion, Htibn.; P. Phaon, Bdv.; 
P. Ulopos, Gray, and P. Pausanias, Hewits., which belong hereto, the last men- 
tioned is the only one found on the banks of the Amazon. The group is remark- 
able for the tendency to elongation in the wings, which reaches an extreme point 
in P. Pausanias; where the facies of a Papilio gives place to that of a Heliconia. 
It differs greatly in the antennz from. the species of the preceding group ; those 
organs being short, with a strong abrupt club bent outwards, as in the species of 
the typical Podalirius group. The abdominal fold of the hind wings is very slight 
and turned downwards. 


P. Pausanias, Hewits. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1852, pl. 6, f. 2. 


On the Amazon I have seen this species only at Villa Nova and at Ega. The 
species of Heliconia which it most closely mimics is the H. Clytia; it has also 
something of the sailing, circling flight of the Heliconia, but in other respects 
shows very different habits. It is never seen in the shades of the woods, to which 
the Heliconie are confined; but is observed either about the summits of high 
trees, or settled on the muddy margins of the rivers and lakes in company with 
species of the preceding group. 


Group 3. P. Jlus, and allies. 


P. Euryleon, Hewits., of New Granada, connects the preceding naturally 
with the present group. Here commences the style of colouration, viz.: black 
ground colour, with crimson and white or green belts and spots, which charac- 
terizes the main body of Neo-Tropical Papilios. The species of the present 
group, however, differ from those of the chief group of these insects in their an- 
tenne and habits. The antenne are here generally short, and rather abruptly 
clavate, whilst always long and slender in the group mentioned. Their flight is 
much more powerful, and, instead of being confined to the shades of the forest, 
they frequent the sunny skirts of the woods, and are frequently found with other 
strong-flying Papiliones at the moist margins of the rivers. The abdominal fold 
to the hind wing of the males, also, is very different from that of the group alluded 
to, being scarcely perceptible, whilst always very largely developed in the insects 
composing the other group. The chief species are, I/us, F. ; _Ariarathes, Esper ; 
Branchus, Doubleday; Harmodius, Dbld.; Euryleon, Hewits., and Hippason, 
Cram.* The two last-mentioned differ greatly from the others in the antenne, 


whilst agreeing with them well in all other respects. 


* Mr. Hewitson has lately acquired from Mexico an inexpressibly beautiful 
new species of this group, which | hope he will shortly figure and describe. 


336 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


P ATATAthCS Ss ui0020. 004000 9. Esper, Ausl. Sehmett. t- 
14, f. 2 (Ariqrathes). 
Gray, Cat. Lep. B. M. p. 
60, pl. 11, f. 3 (as Cy- 
amon @ ). a 
é, Boisd. Sp. Gen. No. 104 
(as Jlus, ¥.). 
Gray, Cat. Lep. B. M. p. 
61 (Ariarathes $ ). 
é and ¢, ErichsoninSchomb. Reise 
in Brit. Guiana, p. 593 
(Ariarathes & and  ). 
Local var. Cyamon ....-...-- &, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 60, 
pl. 7, f. 1 (Cyamon ¢ ). 
Local var. Gayi ........+... & Lucas, Rev.et Mag. Zool. 
1852, p. 195 (Gay), 
Local var. Evagoras .. g and @, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 6], 
pl. 9, f. 3 and 4 (Era- 
goras and @). 


The figure of Esper does not show the pointed Jobe in the middle of the margin 
of the hind wing, Which, indeed, is indisdinet in some individuals; otherwise it 
represents accurately the insect figured by Gray as Cyamon 9. The @ was te- 
ferred by Boisduval to the Tlus of Fabr., but it is easy to see trom the description 
of Fabr., where he gives the fore wing beneath as immaculate, and the hind wing 
as having four red spots at the base, that he had in view a quite different species. 
The figure in Jones’s drawings (of which Mr. Westwood kindly showed me a 
tracing) agrees with the Fabrician description, which, indeed, represents an insect 
that I have not yet seen in any collection, The number of the red spots at the 
base of the wings beneath in this group isan important specific character. P. Ari- 
arathes, with all its varieties and unfixed local sub-species, has always two red 
spots at the base of each wing, with sometimes an indication of a third in the hind 
wing of the female. ‘The species is one of the most unstable in its colouration, 
and partly so in its wing-outline; the varieties are generally, however, local, but 
the individnals composing them are not constant enough, nor are the characters 
sufficiently well defined, to induce me to treat them as independent sub-species. 
The individuals of the type vary amongst themselves in the same locality. The 
g, as pointed out by Erichson, has a triangular, dusty cream-coloured spot, 
variable in size, on the foie wing, proceeding from about the middle of the hind 
margin and extending obliquely outwards towards the midd'e of the wing. The 
apex of the spot sometimes terminates at the first, sometimes extends to the third 
median nervule. The red macular belt of the hind wing varies very much in breadth 
and in the number of spots of which it is composed. The typical form of Ariar- 
athes I obtained chiefly at Para, where none of the local varieties above cited oceur. 
It is also found in English, Dutch and French Guiana. It is a rare species, and 
flies with great rapidity in sunny places about the borders of plantations. 

Var. Cyamon, Gray, &. This is an extreme variety of the ¢. It occurs on 
the Upper Amazons. Here, the pale spot of the fore wings, 1ather whiter 
than in the type, is removed to near the outer margin of the wing and is pro- 
longed into a belt. Other varieties are before me, showing the belt arising 
nearer to the middle of the biud margin ; these intermediate forms oceur at 
Ega, and lower down the river at Villa Nova, Examples agreeing with the 
but none with the Q of the true dArjarathes have been found on the Upper 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 337 


Amazon. I found examples ofa 9 incompany with Cuamon, at Eva, destitute 
of white spot on the fore wing, which I consider the Q of Cyamon. Ladd a 
description of it: —Cyamon 9. Somewhat smaller than 9 Ariarathes. Wings 
black, apical halfof fore wing much clearer, fuscous. Fore wing, above, imma- 
culate ; beneath, with two deep-red spots at the base. Hind wing, above, with a 
belt composed of five elongate red spots, of which the anal one is geminated, 
the central one sometimes extending into the cell; beneath, the same spots 
paler in colour, and with two deep-red spots at the base. Rest as in P. 
Ariarathes. ‘Two specimens taken at Nga. 

Var. Gayi, Lucas ¢. Also an extreme var. of the ¢. I obtained a s‘ngle 
example at Ega, which I have compared with the typical specimen of Gayi 
in the Collection of the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris. The spot of the fore 
wing, darker and clearer cream-coloured than in driarathes, is large and 
sub-quadrate in form, and situated nearer to the base of the wing on the hind 
margin. The red macular beit of the hind wing is reduced to two spots, 
viz.: one, the usual twin spot at the anal angle, and another a little re- 
moved from it. ‘The rest as in the Ariarathes . The Parisian specimen was 
obtained from Cusco, in the south of Peru, doubtless from the humid forests 
of the Upper Ucayali near there, which are continuous with those of the 
Teffé, where mine was captured. 

Var. Evagoras, Westw., Gray, ¢ and 9. This form was described from spe- 
cimens taken in Venezuela by Dyson, having been first referred erroneously 
by Doubleday to the I/us of Fabricius. The ¢ differs in no essential point 
from the ¢ of the Ariarathes type. The 9 is rather more distinct, the spot of 
the fore wings being dusky cream-coloured instead of white. ‘The character 
offered by the red belt of the hind wing extending into the cell, as given in 
Gray's figure, is not of specific importance, as it occurs in individuals of 
several other species of this and allied groups. Males agreeing with Eva- 
goras have been taken on the Rio Negro in the Amazon region, and I found 
the form also at Ega. It is a curious fact, that most of those @ Papiliones 
which, towards the mouth of the Amazon, have a large white spot on the fore 
wing, show a tendency to lose it in localities higher up the river, or in 
Guiana, as we shall see presently in P. Hippason and P. Lusander. In some 
species, indeed, the white spot changes in some of the individuals to a dusky 
yellowish tint, as well as disappearing altogether in others. In the present 
species we see the @ has lost the spot in @ Cyamon, and has changed the 
colour of itin Q Evagoras. The same takes place in P. Patros of Gray, as 
will be seen in treating of that species, 


P. Hippason oo cceveedcsccecso fy Cram, 29 Budi Chappason. 
g, ib. 269 A. B. (Amosis). 
Local var. Paraensis, nob. ¢ and 2, Gray Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 
10, f. 3 (Hippason, var. 

Da) 


P. Hippason occurs in the Amazon region only as a local variety of the Surinam 
type, as figured by Cramer. But the variety is shown distinctly only in the female 
sex, as in other species of Papilio. The gray and white spot of the fore wing of 
the ¢ differs much in examples from one and the same locality. The 9 of the 
Surinam type, so far as we know, has spotless fore wings; in the Puraensis it 
has always a large rounded white spot in the centre. It is only found in the 
neighbourhood of Para, where it frequents the borders of the luxuriant, humid 
forest to the N.E.of the city. It flies very rapidly, but is not very difficult of 
capture on account of the fearlessness with which it allows itself to be approached 
when settled on foliage. It is a strikingly handsome species, distinguished from 
all its congeners by ifs peculiarly straight antenna, and is interesting as having 
no other species nearly allied to it, and being confined in its range to Guiana and 
the Delta of the Amazon, 


338 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


Group 4. P. Anchisiades, and allies. 


This group approximates in the character of the slenderness of the antenna to 
the great Zneas group of Tropical American Papiliones, and indeed might be 
included therein, did it not contain a number of species of peculiar facies (eg 
P. Pharnaces, Dd.; P. Photinus, Dd.,; P. Thymbreus, Bdv., &c.), which would 
not harmonise well with the other species. hey have not, either, the ample 
abdomina! wing-fold so characteristic of the group mentioned, They are allied, 
in this and other respects, to P. Torquatus of the Thoas group. They are not true 
forest butterflies, like the A2neas series of species ; they frequent merely the skirts 
of the woods and congregate on the moist margins of water. Anchisiades, and 
some of its varieties, are the only forms found on the banks of the Amazon. 


P. Anchisiades ........Esper, Aus. Schmett. t. 13, f. 1, 2. 
Cram. 318 A. B.C. D.(as?An- 
chises, Lin). 
Local var. Istdorus.. & Doubld. Ann. Nat. Hist. xviii. 
(1846), p. 374. 
Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 64, pl. 5, f. 1. 


This is a very variable species, at least in some localities. On comparing a 
series of examples of the allied form Ideus, Fabr., from different localities with 
the present, I think it would be difficult to find characters constant enough to 
separate them as two species; one form or other of the two occurs over a wide ex- 
tent of country, from Rio Grande in 32° S. lat. to Mexico, in 16° N. lat. The 
varieties found in the Amazon region, however, I will refer to the Anchisiades, 
taking Cramer’s figures as the type. In the typical form both sexes have a large, 
rounded, dull white spot on the fore wing, and a broad belt of four elongate red 
spots on the hind wing; the dentations of the hind wing are of equal size, and 
the three marginal sinuses nearest the angle are tinged with rose colour, the rest 
being bordered with white. Very few of the examples found by me on the 
Upper and Lower Amazon agree with the type in these characters; but the 
individuals vary in one and the same locality. The following are some of the 
varieties. 

Var.a, ¢. Marginal sinuses all bordered narrowly with white, that at the 
anal angle only being spotted with rose colour. White spot of fore wing 
reduced in size, being enclosed between the post-median nervure and the first 
median nervule. Santarem, Lower Amazon. 

Var. b, ¢. Hind wing very much produced towards the anal angle and the 
whole outer margin scarcely convex. Marginal sinuses all bordered with 
white. Ega, in company with the type. 

Var. e. Isidorus, Dd., ¢. The example before me is only an approximation 
to the Isidorus, Dd. ‘The fore wing above is immaculate. The hind wing 
has the dentation at the third median nervule much more produced than the 
others. The sinuses are all edged with white. The red belt of hind wing is 
similar to that of the type, but much smaller. Beneath, the fore wing has a 
large dusky-white spot, half way between the median nervure and the hind 
angle, divided by the first and second median nervules ; ; the hind wing has, 
in the place of the red belt of the upper surface, a series of four spots, of 
which the two central ones are large, and pinkish-white in colour, the outer 
one very small, cf same colour; the inner one rounded and rose-red ; all 
four are accompanied on the upper side by a small rose-red spot. There is 
also a row of three similar red spots between them and the costal edge of 
the wing. P. Isidorus differs a little from this variety, but only as a further 
divergence from the type ; it was found in Bolivia. My specimen I took at 
Ega, in company with the type, Anchisiades. P. Ideus occurs in the south 
of Brazil; other inconstant forms occur in Honduras and Mexico, some of 
which have not yet been described either as species or varieties (e.g. P. 
Pandion, Bdv., of the French collections). I bred P. Anchisiades from 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 339 


larve feeding on the orange tree at Santarem ; the larva is figured by Stoll, 
plenlt2. 


Group 5. P. 4neas, and allies. 


This, the most numerous group of American Papiliones, is distinguished from 
all the others by several important characters. The antenne are very long and 
slender ; gradually thickened and strongly curved upwards, at the tip: the ab- 
dominal fold of the hind wings is very strongly developed, soft in texture and 
turned upwards, enclosing generally a mass of silky, down-like pubescence. The 
style of colouration is very similar throughout the whole of the species ; viz., black 
ground, with white or green spots on the fore wing, and crimson or yellow belts or 
spots on the hind wing. In habits they all agree in being exclusively frequenters 
of the shades of the forest. They are peculiarly the creatures of those vast, varied 
and humid forests which clothe the wide-spreading equatorial plains and every 
sweltering river-valley of tropical America, from the river Plata (about 28° S. 
lat.) to Mexico (about 16° or 18° N, lat.). Southern and Central Brazil yield 
five species, Columbia with Peru about thirteen, Central America and Mexico 
about five ; whilst the Amazon valley with Guiana yield about twenty-two, most 
of which are exclusively found there. I believe no species has hitherto been 
found in the West Indian Islands (Trinidad, which is supposed to yield one, must 
be considered merely a detached portion of the main land) ; and of the seventeen 
Cuban species of Papilio, enumerated by Lucas in Sagra’s ‘ Histoire de Cuba,” no 
one belongs to this group. In the forests of the Amazons they abound both in 
species and individuals, each of the subdivisions of the country yielding its 
peculiar species and local varieties. They are of rather slow flight, and are gene- 
rally seen threading their way amongst the lower trees and bushes in the more 
humid and luxuriant parts of the forest, being most abundant in the periods of 
the year between the diy and the wet seasons. Sometimes they mount to con- 
siderable elevations, attracted by the conspicuous flowers of climbing plants. The 
females always fly nearer the ground, and slower than the males ; depositing their 
eggs, in passing, on the underside of the leaves, one on a leaf, of low plants. 
They are not related closely to any other group of Papitiones either of North 
America, or any part of the Old World; their nearest alliance is through the 
South Brazilian P. Dardanus, with the Agavus group, which is found nowhere 
but in the south of Brazil, and, although of very different facies, shows in its 
colouration and in the ample abdominal fold of the males a proximate relation to 
the present. The group is essentially American ; showing, like the Platyrrhine 
Monkeys, the arboreal Edentata, the Toucans, the Cracide, &c. in the mammals 
and birds, the features of South American organization, its distinctiveness and its 
adaptation to a forest country of enduring continuance and vast extent. The 
sexes differ very much in colours, and the females are generally more subject to 
vary than the males; in consequence, mistakes have been made by almost all the 
authors who have written upon them, and the nomenclature is in a very confused 
condition, The colour of the fringe in the sinuses of the wing-margins is an im- 
portant character and very useful in the elucidation of the species; 1 shall class 
the species according to it. 


Section 1. Fringe of the wings white or yellowish. 
P.. Sesostris ........ 6, Cram. 211 F. G. and authors. 
@, Tb. 277 C.D. (as 2. Lullysy. 
@, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 5, f. 2 (as 
P. Cutora @ ). 


The male of this beautiful species does not vary in the slightest throughout the 
country which I explored, through 22 degrees of longitude, from Para to Tabatinga ; 
being always conformable to the Surinam type as figured by Cramer; but 6 de- 
grees further west, on the Napo, near the foot of the Andes, it begins to vary ; 
specimens from there showing the commencement of an elongate crimson spot, 
near the abdominal edge of the hind wing. These are found in conjunction with 


340 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


a still further divaiication from the type, viz., the P. Childrene, Gray (Griff. An. 
King. pl. 38, f. 1, 2; Edippus, Lucas, Voy. de Cast. Lep. pl. 2, f. 4), and also 
with the typical Sesostris. P. Children in the valleys of the Andes near Bogota, 
becomes the prevailing form ; indeed, I have seen large numbers of it in collections 
from there, unaccompanied by a single individual of the type. Another variety, 
differing from Childrene, occurs further northward in Honduras, the Q of which 
only has been figured (Zestos, Gray, loc. cit.).* The female varies a little in the 
breadth of the crimson belt of the hind wing, in the presence or absence of a spot 
between the third median nervule and the lower discoidal nervure, and of a 
similar spot between the upper discoidal and the costal nervures of the hind wing. 
The cream-coloured spot of the fore wing also varies a little in size and shape but 
not in position. In the Honduras var. Zestos, the spot undergoes a more con- 
siderable alteration (fig. loc. cit.). P. Sesostris is the boldest flier of the group ; 
but I have never seen him out of the forest shades. 


PaVeriumnus .occcase, 6. Cram. 211,-A.B. 
Var. 9 Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 48, pl. 11, f. 4 
(as P. Diceros). 
Var. 2 (Bdv.) Lucas, Rev. and Mag. Zool. 
1852, p. 489 (as P. Phronius). 
Var. @ Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 48, pl. 8, f. 6 
(as-P. Cixius):: 
Var. 2 Bdv. Sp. Gen.’ Pap.-No. 117 (as 
Ceelus). 
Local Var. Cutora, Gray, g Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 10%, f. 6. 


If we except the strongly marked variety Cutora, the g of this is subject to no 
great variation from Para to the Peruvian frontier. The so-called var. fig. C. of 
Cramer has not been found on the Amazon. The true Vertumnus varies only in 
the presence or absence of a white speck ia the green patch of the fore wing, and of 
a fourth opalescent crimson spot in the hind wing. But the Q varies so much that it 
is difficult to find two individuals alike. What I consider to be the typical or most 
usual form of the sex bas not been described ; but it agrees with the figure of P. 
Diceros of Gray, except that the crimson band is not sub-opalescent. The white 
spot of the fore wing varies from the large, irregular pa'ch of the var. Ca/us, to 
the small quadrate spot of the var. Civins. The crimson belt of the hind wing, in 
some examples sub-opalescent, is sometimes narrower sometimes broader ; some- 
times consists of five spots with indications of a sixth, but generally of only four. 
The dentations of the hind wing, also, vary very much in size, sharpness, and 
prominence, the central one being sometimes longer than the others. The true 
Vertumnus appears to be confined to Guiana and the Amazon region. At Surinam 
it shows a strongly marked var, (the fig. C, Cram. t. 211), which extends into 
Columbia, and is P. Telmosis, Bdv. Col. Towards the frontier of Peru in the 
Amazon region, it shows a variety of quite a different nature to Telmosis, the 
Cutora of Gray. In the Andean valleys of New Granada it is represented by {or 
perhaps becomes changed to) the P. Purochles, Doubled. (Gray, Cat. pl. 9, f. 2), 
but in some part of the same country it shows a nearer resemblance to its type, 
as in P. Phaenon, (Kollar, Beitr, N. Gr. t. 1, f. 5,6). Inthe P. Zeuris and in 
several undescribed varieties from New Granada, there appears to be a transition 
between the forms resembling Vertumnus and those resembling Proteus, whilst 


* There isa g& example in the B. M. Coll. from Honduras, which seems inter- 
mediate between P. Sesostris and P. Childrene ; it has a narrow ciimson spot on 
the hind wing between the abdominal margin and the first median nervule. It 
may be considered the g of Zestos. Examples occur from New Granada and 
the Napo. ‘The green spot of the fore wing ts as in P. Sesostris. 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 341 


at Para, Vertwmnus keeps itself perfectly distinct from, although existing in the 
same forest with the form there represenung P. Proteus, viz. the P. Hierocles, 
Gray. Vertumnus is found in the humid forests near Para, generally in company 
with P. Aneus, flying slowly : on the Upper Amazon it delights to settle on the 
oist margins of the rivulets which there flow through every ravine in the forest, 
where in the chequered shade many of the most beautiful forest butteiflies love to 
congregate, as P. Crassus, Pieris Lorena, Eubagis Persis and many others. 

Local var. Cutora, Gray, ioc. cit. This form bas a very different aspect from the 
type, on account of the peculiar colour of the spot of the fore wing, which is 
yellowish-olivaceous instead of green. In the example before me the opalescent 
crimson spots of the hind wing are only two in number, and, beneath, are yel/ow in 
colour ; the fringe also is yellowish, Had it occurred in numbers in its locality, 
to the exclusion of the type, I should have treated it as an independent or fixed 
form of its group. It is foundon the Upper Amazon only, at Ega and St. Paulo, 
1n company with the type but much rarer. IL have an example of a Q from Ega, 
which I consider to be the Q of Cutora; I add a diagnosis of it. P. Cutora 2. 
Size and form of P. Diceros, dentations of the hind wing much less acute. Fore 
wing immaculate above and beneath, and of a fuscous colour. Hind wing witha 
sub-opalescent crimson belt, similar in form to that of P. Diceros, but wanting the 
outermost spot: the belt beneath pale rose coluur, 


P. Mierocles 8, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 55, pl. 10, f. 2. 
9 ibs. p. 59, pl. 9; f..9 (as Mzerocles 9%): 
£9. 1b, p56, pl.10, f.:6-(as. Aglaopen?.): 
@ ibe p.52, plo 10*, £7 (as Phenasye 
@ ib. p. 49 (as Cyphotes). 


The ¢@ is tolerably constant to the type as figured by Gray. It varies, as do 
all the species of the group, in the greater or less prominence of the-dentations of 
the hind wing: the opalescent crimson macular belt of the hind wing varies in 
breadth, aud the number of spots of which it is composed varies from three to 
five. In some individuals the belt is in the same position as it is in examples of 
the P. Proteus of Rio Janeiro. The Q varies more than the g. The white 
spot of the fore wing varies in size, but it is always of a clear white. The crimson 
belt of the hind wing consists of five or six spots (the anal one sometimes gemi- 
nated) rather widely separated ; sub-oval in shape, varying in size, the second and 
third always the largest, the fifth often large and rounded: it crosses the wing 
in the same position as the macular belt of the g. The range of the species is 
restricted to Paré. It will probably be found also in the other northern provinces 
of Brazil, and must be looked upon as the representative in these revions of the P. 
Proteus of Rio Janeiro. It flies in the same forest as its ally P. Vertumnus, but 
prefers the dryer areas, where the soil is light and sandy, Vertumnus being touud 
more in the lower and moister districts, ‘They keep themselves perfectly distinet, 
and no instance of hybridity has come under my notice. ‘Ihe forms of this group 
vesembling Proteus are numerous, and taken together have a wide range. At 
Corrientes, on the Plata, beyond the tropics, a magnificent form oceurs, P. Orbig- 
nyanus, Lucas; in Bolivia and in the forests of Peru, east of the Andes, P, Erlaces, 
Gray (Cat. B. M. pl. 8, f.9). In Venezuela there is a beautiful representative, 
viz. P, Erithalion, Boisd. (Gray, 10*, f. 3 and 4); in New Granada, P. Serupis, 
Boisd. (Sp. Gen. t. 1 B. f. 2), which comes nearer our /?. Hierocles. In Hon- 
duras there is P. Iphidamas, F. (Gray, pl. 8, f. 1 and 2), and in Mexico, P. 
Panares, Gray (pl. 10, f. 4), of which P. Alector, Bdy. MSS., is probably the ¢. 
Lastly, in the east, probably in the Island of ‘Trinidad, there occus P. Cymochles, 
Dd. (Gray, pl. 10, f. 8). No representative has as yet been found in Guiana,* or 


* Since writing the above I have acquired a specimen of a Papilio ftom Deme- 
rara, which resembles P. Telmosis (Cram. 211 C.), but also approaches in many 
points P, Hierocles of Para, and P, Evithalion of Venezuela. 1 add a brief de- 


342 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


in any part of the Amazon region except the neighbourhood of Para. In its 
habits it resembles P. Vertumnus, and is never seen out of the shades of the forest. 


P. Aineas g , Lin. Reesel, Ins. ix. t. 2, f. 2 (AZneas). 
Cram. 279 C. D. (as Zineas, L. ¢ ). 
¢, Hiibn. Samm. Ex. t. 121 (as Marcius), 


This species offers no notable variation in either sex. It is, at the same time, of 
very limited range, having been found only in Guiana and the southern part of 
the Delta of the Amazons, at Para. In the latter district it is always found in 
company with P. Vertumnus. 


P. Bolivar $ , Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1851, p. 97, pl. 10, f. 2. 
@, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10, f. 7. 


From Par4 to the mouth of the Rio Negro neither P. meas nor any form 
resembling it occurs; but on the Upper Amazons, at Ega, there is found the 
present species, apparently very distinct from eas ; but from the similarity of 
its habits, and from the fact that in all its marks of difference analogous cases are 
offered by other local forms, which from having them less in degree are considered 
as mere varieties of their type, I am inclined to consider it as a geographical 
variety of that species. At Para, P. 4neas flies in company with P. Vertwmnus ; 
in the same way P. Bolivar has this species for companion at Ega; but Ver- 
tumnus has only changed in some individuals (P. Cutura), whilst Bolivar has 
totally varied fiom its type. P. Cutora, however, in the points where it differs 
from Vertumnus, differs in the same direction in which P. Bolivar does from P. 
/Eneas ; viz. the green spot of the fore wing changes to olivaceous, and the red 
spot of hind wing beneath to yellow; the contrast in colour, however, being more 
strongly marked in the one than in the other case. ‘The @ has changed from the 
@ £neas far more than has the same sex in Cutora from its type; but only in 
the substitution of yellow for crimson on the hind wings, a change of colour which 
we shall see has a tendency to occur in other species (P. Patros, Gray). Some 
note should also be taken of the greater isolation of P. Bolivar in its geographical 
relations to its type, and also of the important fact, which a close study of species 
in natural history will reveal, that species differ immensely amongst each other 
in their susceptibility of change. Susceptibility of change, power of adaptation 
with or without change to new local circumstances, are qualities or characters of 
species, just as much as bodily structure or peculiar instincts. The subject of 
‘ representative species” was constantly forced on my attention during my travels. 
After becoming thoroughly familiar with the productions of one region during 
several years’ residence, I have at different times, removed to another several 
hundred miles distant, and have been then obliged to notice the changes of ap- 
pearance that many of my old friends had put on; some more, others less; whilst 
some had assumed quite the form of new and distinct species. It 1s not, however, 
all the allied species thus representing each other that can be considered in the 
light of having varied the one from the other; there are cases in which two such 


scription of it. P. Phosphorus, nob. ¢. Shape of P. Hierocles, the opalescent 
crimson macular belt of the hind wing consisting of four spots (with a fifth very 
ininute), placed exactly asin examples of Hierocles ; fore wing with a broad, short, 
triangular grey-green spot in the middle of its hind margin, the apex nearly reaching 
the second median nervule, and having two minute white specks in it, one behind 
the second, the other behind the first median nervule. Demerara. This insect 
is especially interesting as serving to connect still closer the forms between P. Ver- 
tumnus and P. Proteus. If the presence of connecting links obliges us to sink two 
species into one, these two forms ought to be considered as one species, that is, one 
of them as a local modification of the other; how is it then that one of the local 
varieties, Hierocles, presents the most distinct attribute of a true species, in asso- 
eiating with Vertumnus without amalgamating with it? 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 343 


species occur together over a wide district on the frontiers of their respective 
regions without amalgamating or showing any intermediate forms. In some cases 
the differences between the two are much more strongly marked than in others; 
and then we must seek for other causes of their origin than the operation of local 
conditions on one aod the same species in distant points of its present zrea of 
distnbution. 


P. Triopas, Godt. Encyce. Méth. ix. p. 33, No. 23. 


This is another species of confined range. It occurs only in Guiana, at Para and 
on the Lower Amazon. I found it chiefly at Para and Obydos. It has been gene- 
rally placed in classifications far away from the present group, but an examination 
of its antennz and the abdominal fold of the ¢ will show at once that this is its 
right position. Indeed, this and the following, I look upon as the culmination of 
the type of the group. Ina group of the Papilio genus, where the effects of a 
confined forest habitat are seen in many points of structure, as well as in the 
enfeebled powers of flight, these two species show these characteristics to a greater 
extent than any of their congeners. ‘The female flies near the ground and very 
slowly, but the male takes a higher and rather bolder flight. 


P. Chabrias, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1852, pl. 6, f. 1, 9. 


The ¢ has not been figured. It agrees in colour and markings with the 9. 
It is found exclusively on the Upper Amazons, where no example of P. Triopas 
has occurred, and I consider it a geographical modification or sub species of the 
latter, in the same way as P. Bolivar is of P. Aneas. 


P. Orellana $, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1852, p. 24, pl. 5, f. 2. 


This most beautiful and distinct species has the same glossy steel black ground 
colour of the wings as P. Panthonus, Cr. The latter, however, has a rose-coloured 
fringe, whilst the example of P. Orellana has, although it is seanty and obscure, a 
white fringe. It is, therefore, a species which has no near ally in any part of 
tropical America. I found only one individual during a four years’ stay iv the 
district, at Ega, on the slopes of a luxuriant ravine in the forest, flying in company 
with P, Sesustrisand P. Lysander. 


Section 2. Fringe of the wings rose-coloured. 


P. Aglaope $ , Gray, Cat. B.M. p. 55, pl. 10, f. 5, g. 


The ¢ would be similar to the fig. 6, pl. 10, of Gray, if the fringe were rose- 
coloured instead of white; but I have not seen any Q which I could refer to this 
species. The g is nearly allied to P. Euristeus, Cr. (t. 29 F.), and to P. Pan- 
thonus, Cr. (278 C. D.); all three belonging to the rarest of neo-tropical Pa- 
piliones. Aglaope was taken at Para; I have only seen two examples of it, one 
in the B. M. Collection, and one in my own. 


BL Lysander: x. ives +2 6: Cram, t; 29 C; D. (Lysander), 

— Eurymas, Godt. and Boisduval. 

— Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 53, pl. 8, f.7 (as 
é of Brissonius, Hiibn., the fringe 
white, by error of colourist). 

9, Cram. 386 C. D. (as Arbates). 

— Hiibn. Samm. (as Arbates). 

— Boisd. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 118, part 
(as 2 of Panthonus). 

—- Godt. Encye. ix. Pap. No. 31 (as 
Anchises, L.). 


344 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


P. Lysander .......... %, Hiibn. Samml. (as Pompeius, cor- 

rected in his Verz. to Brissonius). 
— Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 8, f. 8 (as @ of 
Brissonius, Htbn.). 

Local var. Parsodes, Gray, 6, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 54, pl. 8, f. 3 (as 
Parsodes &, fringe white, by error 
of colourist). 

@, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. &, f.4 (as Par- 
sodes @, fringe white, by error). 

— Gray, Cat. p. 57 (as Sonoria), and 
pl. 10, f. 1 (as Sonoria, var.). 


The 9 of this species, like those of Ariarathes, Hippason, Vertumnus and others, 
varies in the white spot of the fore wing, which is sometimes wanting altogether. 
This, together with its proper mate being unknown, has given rise to much con- 
fusion in the synonymy. The varieties of the 9, however, are nearly constant 
according to locality. he Surinam form has generally an obscure small white 
spot; at Cayenne a great many have the same spot (Jardin des Plantes, as Pan- 
thonus @), but there occur others with a larger spot divided in two by the 2nd 
median nervule (Boisd. Sp, Gen. p. 290). On the Upper Amazon every @, with- 
out exception, is spotless; at Villa Nova, on the Lower Amazon, most of them 
are spotless. but there occur a few with a slight trace of white spot. At Para 
and on the Tocantins, where the species abounds, every individual has a very large 
white spot, almost always entering the cell. As the male in the latter locality 
shows generally a broader and brighter green spot of the fore wing, it is here 
treated as a local sub-species of Lysander, and may be considered as a tolerably 
constant and fixed formn. The spotless, or small-spot 9, has generally been con- 
sidered as the Q of Panthonus. Panthonus, however, does not occur on the 
Amazon. I have seen examples of both sexes from Demerara, the @ resembles 
closely the ¢, and can very readily be distinguished from Arbates by the shape of 
the red spots of the hind wing. The Arbates of Cramer is decidedly not the @ of 
Panthonus. Lysander is found very abundantly at Kga and St. Paulo on the 
Upper, and at Villa Nova on the Lower, Amazons. Parsodes is confined exclu- 
sively to the district of Para. They prefer the most humid parts of the forest, and 
fly heavily. Parsodes especially delights in the swampy palm groves which clothe 
the numberless islets at the mouth of the Tocantins. 


P. Echelus, 8, Hiibn. Samml. 
¢, ib. (as Echemon). 
Var. ¢? Gray, Cat. p. 55, pl. 10*, f. 1 (as Spartacus, Dd.) 


This species appears to occur in no other country except the lower part of the 
Amazon. It is the commonest of all the species of its group at Para, and re- 
occurs at Santarem, on the southern shore of the Lower Amazon, but less abun- 
dantly. On the northern shore, at Serpa and Barra, it is represented by P. 
Erveteles. At Cayenne, however, there occurs a form intermediate between the 
two, as will be mentioned presently. Echelus prefers the diier districts in the 
forest, and flies in company with P. Hierocles. It delights to settle on flowers, 
especially the pendulous spikes of flowers of Combretaceous plants, which hang 
from the overarching trees in the narrow alleys of the forest near Para, 


P. Ergeteles §, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 52, pl. 8, f. 5. 


The following is a diagnosis of the 9, from a unique specimen in my collec- 
tion: —P. Ergeteles 9. Similar to Echelus Q. Fore wing much more pointed, 
having in its centre a rounded, dingy white spot, dusty round its edge, and divided 
by the second median nervule. Hind wing with a crimson belt, much broader 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 345 


and less distinctly macular than P. Echelus, composed of six spots, of which two 
smaller, anal; the next three much elongated, like the corresponding ones in the 
$, and the sixth small, triangular. The rest as in P. Echelus Q. This beautiful 
insect, apparently so distinct, takes the place of Echelus on the north shore of the 
Amazon, but it dues not pass apparently the Rio Negro to the west. It is evi- 
dently a local sub-species of Echelus. At Cayenne there occurs a form, appa- 
rently intermediate between the two; but the individuals there vary considerably 
amongst themselves, like species in process of transition. I add a description of it 
in a note, from two examples which I obtained lately in Paris.* 


P. Aneides g, Esper, Aus]. Schmett. t. 15, f. 3, ¢. 
Cram. t. 279 A. B. (as 4ineas, Lin. ¢). 
9, Gray, Cat. B.-M. p. 51, pl. 9, f. 8 (as Zineides, @ ). 


This species occurs in Guiana and on the Lower Amazons. At Para, where 
Echelus is so common, it is not found at all, but is extremely plentiful on the 
Tocantins. It reappears at St. Paulo, near Peru, as a well-marked local sub- 
species. Its habits are those of Echelus; it frequents rather the high and dry 
parts of the forest, but yet those where there is an alluvial soil, especially delight- 
Ing in the cacao groves, and the wildernesses of second growth forest usually 
found in their vicinity. 


P. Olivencius, nob. 


$. Size, shape and ground colour of wings asin P. Zneides #. Fore wing 
with a large sub-triangular, greyish-green spot, nearly touching the hind margin 
about the middle, its apex reaching the second median nervule. Hind wing with 
a large crimson palmate spot as in P. Zneides. Q. Fore wing spotless. Hind 
wing with a belt of pale carmine spots, six in number, extending in a waved line 
across the wing, a little behind the cell; the spots are nearly equal in size, similar 
in length to those of Echelus 9, but much more widely separated by the inter- 
vening nervures. This sub-species or local form of P. neides is abundant at 
the village of St. Paulo de Olivencia, near the frontier of Peru. I have also seen 
an example of it from Bogota, in the Hopean Collection at Oxford. At St. Paulo 
it is constant to the characters given above. ‘The most westerly point of the range 
of the typical neides is Obydos, 13} degrees of longitude to the east of St. 
Paulo. Between the two stations no form resembling either occurs. P. Aneides, 
like P. Proteus, is a form which seems to have spread over the whole of tropical 
America, but presenting in different regions weli-defined and constant local forms, 
which have been treated by authors as distinct species. Thus, in the plains of 
Bolivia, south eastward of the locality of P. Olivencius, there occurs P. Eurybates 
(Gray, Cat. p. 51, pl. 9,f. 1). Westward of the Andes, at Guayaquil, it pre- 
sents us the form of P. Timias (Gray, Cat. p. 50, pl. 9, f. 5). Northward, on the 
Orinoco, it occurs as P. Agathocles (Kollar, Beitr. Ios. f. New Gran. p. 2). Fur- 
ther north, beginning in the east at Berbice, in Guiana (Cram. t. iv. p. 199), it 
spreads through Venezuela and New Granada as P. Eurimedes (Cram. 386, E. F.). 


* P. Echephron, nob. &. Size, shape and ground colour of the wings as in 
P. Echelus. Fore wing strongly produced at tip, as in that species, with a green 
spot between the sub-median nervure and the second median nervule, divided 
into two unequal ones by the first median nervule; beneath immaculate. Hind 
wing with a large crimson spot, divided by the median nervules into four, of which 
the first, second and third are very much more elongated than in P. Echelus. I 
obtained one example from Dr. Boisduval and one from a dealer at Paris, and 
was informed they were sent from the interior of French Guiana by M. Bar. I 
should consider this to be the Opleus, Godt., did-he not distinctly say the fringe in 
that species was white. 


VOL. V. N.S. PART VIII.—FEB. 1861. AA 


346 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


In Nicaragua and Mexico it recedes further from the type, as P. Mylotes* (Gray 
MSS.). The species of South and Central Brazil (P. Zacynthus and P. Orsillus) 
appear rather further removed from the type, but still are probably only further 
modifications of the same common form. 


P. Zacynthus .. $, Fab. E. S. iii. 1, 15, 46. 
9, ib. 16, 47 (as Dimas). 
Var. Polymetus g, Godt. Encyc. ix. 35, 28. 


There is an example of the variety Polymetus in the British Museum Collec- 
tion, said to have been taken by me at Para. I have no recollection of having 
taken it and have seen no other Amazonian specimen. On this account, and from 
the fact of the form being probably confined to South-Eastern Brazil, I think it 
likely some mistake has occurred regarding the derivation of the specimen. 


P. Orsillus, Gray, Swainson, Zool. Illustr. Ist ser. pl. 92, gand 9 
(as Polymetus, Godt.) 


This is the North Brazilian form of Zacynthus, and is the prevailing species at 
Pernambuco. It extends also to the middle and lower parts of the course of the 
river Tapajos, a southern affluent of the Amazons. It certainly does not occur 
in the alluvial plains of the main river. 


Group 6. P. Thoas, and allies. 


The antennz in this group are moderately long and slender, with an elongate, 
gradually-thickened club. The males sometimes differ from the females strongly 
in colouration. They have generally spots or belts of an ochreous-yellow colour 
on an olivaceous or fuscous black ground colour of wings. Although they are 
“ swallow-tails,” they differ greatly from the Machaon and Podalirius groups of 
the genus; and they are more immediately connected through P. Torguatus with 
the Anchisiades group of American Papiliones. Their habits are in perfect con- 
trast to those of the preceding group. They are never seen at home in the shades 
of the forest, but prefer the open country, the gardens and plantations near the 
towns and villages, and the borders of the forest. They fly boldly and sometimes 
soar to great elevations. The females settle on flowers on the borders of the forest. 
The species, as might be inferred from their more locomotive habits, are of more 
extensive range than the £neas group, some one or more of them being found 
from Chili to the southern parts of the United States; they are abundant too in 
the West India Islands, which appear to be the focus of the group. 


P. Polycaon $, Cram. 203 A. B. 
?, ib. 16C.D.(Androgeus), and var. ib, 204 A.B. 
(Piranthus). 


Common in open places throughout the Amazon region. Both varieties of the 
@ occurred. The species is found from the south of Brazil to Cuba. 


* P. Mylotes, Gray, List Lep. B. M. No. 258. As the species has not been 
described, I add a short diagnosis. g. Size, shape and ground colour of wings 
as in P. Eurimedes $. Fore wing with a large triangular spot behind the 
median nervule, connected at its apex with a smaller one lying across the cell 
towards its apex, green, with two rather large cream-coloured spots terminating 
it, one of them between the second and third median nervules, the other lying 
across the cell. The base of the green spot lies between the first median nervule 
and the post-median nervure. Hind wing with a carmine palmate spot as in 
Eurimedes. ¢. Similar to 9 Eurimedes, an oblong cream-coloured spot lying 
across the middle of the wing, traversed by the median nervure and third median 
nervule. Hund wing with a very broad belt, pale carmine, crossing the wing, 
close behind the cell; it consists of five elongate spots, the intersecting nervures 
very faintly indicated, and it does not enter the cell. Nicaragua, from M. De- 
lattre’s Collection. 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 347 


P. Lycophron g, Hiibn. Samm. Ex. 
@, Boisd. Sp. Gen. 358, 201, Lucas in Sagra’s Hist. 
de Cuba, pl. 16, f. 1 (as Pirithous). 


I found this species only at Camet4 on the Tocantins, flying rapidly in an 
orange grove, in company with P. Thoas and others. The example before me is 
much smaller than those from other parts of Brazil, and the lunules of the sub- 
marginal row on the hind wing ate much smaller than represented in Hubner’s 
figure. The species occurs from the south of Brazil to Cuba. It offers in some 
countries well-marked local varieties, one of which is the P. Hippomedon, Felder, 
Lep. Fragmente, p. 25. 


P. Thoas, Linn. Cram. 167 A. B. 


This common neo-tropical species is subject to much variation. One of the 
varieties is understood to prevail in the northern part of its range, viz., the West 
India Islands and the southern parts of the United States, as P. Cresphontes, Cr. 
(165 A. B. and 166 B.), but I do not know whether it is sufficiently well marked 
and constant to be considered as a well defined sub-species. In the Amazonian 
region Thoas is found only about the Delta of the river. In Para specimens the 
sub-marginal lunules of the hind wings are much more rounded and obtuse than 
in Cramer’s fig., or in Bogota examples before me. On the Upper Amazons it is 
wholly replaced by the following. 


P. Cinyras, Ménétriés, Cat. de Ja Coll. Imp. Ac. &c. de St. 
Petersburg, p. 111, t. 7, f. 3. 


This well-marked and fixed local form, whose ‘‘ specific rights” have given rise 
to much useless controversy in some Entomological journals of Germany, first 
appears in ascending the river, at Villa Nova. I neglected to notice whilst I 
resided there, whether it was the exclusive form of Thoas in the locality. At Ega, 
however, I convinced myself that it was there the only form which occurred. All 
the individuals examined agree with the excellent figure of M. Ménétriés. It 
appears to occur also at Bahia (Ménétr. loc. cit.), probably in the interior of the 
country (Felder, Lep. Fragmente, p. 26). 


P., Torquatus...- 6 ,Cram. 117 A.B. 
¢, Hiibn. Samm, (as Caudius). 
Local var. Patros 2, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 43, pl. 7, f. 5, 7, 8. 


The male is found throughout the country and offers very little variation. The 
female varies very much between the Upper and the Lower Ainazons. The dif- 
ference is so great between the sexes that it is only the evidence afforded by 
having captured P. Torquatus and P. Caudius in copula that induces me to place 
them together. Every example examined shows all the individuals of P. Tor- 
quatus to be g¢ and all those of P. Caudius and P. Patros to be 9. In coloura- 
tion the females approach P. Anchisiades and species of the eas group. In 
their variation they show the same laws of substitution of colours which we have 
seen to prevail in several other species, asin P. Bolivar, P. Vertumnus, P. Aria- 
rathes, &c. They are subject to change of colour of the spot of the fore wing 
from white to yellowish, and to lose it altogether, and to the replacement of the 
carmine of the hind wing by yellow. Mr. Gray figures the three varieties which 
occur on the Upper Amazon, where no example of the true P. Caudius has 
occurred. A feature in the habits of the female may explain why it is subject to 
these variations ; it frequents, like the species of the neas group, the shades of 
the forest, coming out only on dull days to the borders. The male, although 
choosing the open sunlight, descends also into the sunny breaks and open glades 
of the forest, where L have often seen it in pursuit of the female, although I have 
only once detected it in copula. 


FIN 


348 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


Group 7. P. Podalirius, and allies. 


These are generally considered as the most typical forms of the Papilio genus, 
although in some points they seem to resemble, more than any other group, the 
genera Thais and Doritis. They would, therefore, rather seem to be aberrant 
forms, and those forms which recede most from those of neighbouring genera 
would be more correctly held to be typical, as the Ornithoptere, but especially the 
species of the Aneas group. It is the group, however, which is the most widely 
spread throughout the world. Besides the elongate caudal lobe and the style of 
colouration, they agree in the antenne being short and slender, with a rather 
abrupt, thick and strongly-curved club. They all frequent the open country. The 
tropical species congregate in immense numbers to imbibe the moisture on the 
humid margins of lakes, rivers, and on muddy places generally. J have included 
P. Dolicaon and allies amongst them, although they have rather a different style 
of colouration and are not generally included in the group. 


P. Dolicaon, Cram. 17 C. D. and authors. 


Not a common species. It is found occasionally from Para to Peru. 


P. Columbus, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1851, p. 98, pl. 10, f. 1. 


This very beautiful species I discovered in November, 1849, at Cararaucu, 
near Villa Nova, on a sandy beach, sitting at the water’s edge. I found it sub- 
sequently at Ega, but it appears to be most abundant on the banks of the rivers 
flowing from the northward, as an Indian trader once brought me an immense 
number in a spoilt condition from the river Japura. 


P. Protesilaus, L. Cram. 202 A. B. and authors. 


Found throughout the country; but most abundant on the Upper Amazon, 
where it sometimes assembles in dense masses on the moist sand and mud on the 
banks of the river. 


P. Autosilaus, Bdv. MSS.? Gray, List B. M. (as Agesilaus, Bdv.). 


This species differs from P. Agesilaus, Bdv. (= Conon, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 
vol.2, N.S. pl. 22, f.3), much more than the latter does from P. Protesilaus. It 
has also the character of an independent species in being found in company with 
Protesilaus without amalgamating with it. It has not yet been described. I there- 
fore add a short diagnosis, P. Awtosilaus ¢. Smaller than Protesilaus. Ground 
colour of the wings of a uniform pale greenish-white, not deeper green towards 
the base, as Protesilaus and Agesilaus. Fore wing with a series of five short black 
stripes proceeding from the costa as in the allied species: the outer edge with a 
broad black margin (broadest at the apex of the wing), in the middle of which 
Tuns a narrow semi-transparent pale stripe, of equal width, from the costa to near 
the hind angle. Hind wing with the abdominal border black, and a black stripe 
running from the costa, near the base, to the outside of the red anal lunule. The 
outer border black, with a row of simple pale lunules along its centre. Beneath 
the hind wing has two black stripes across near the base, the inner one with a red 
spot outside at its base, the outer one with a broad red edge on its inner side, as in 
P. Agesilaus. I found the species at Ega, always incompany with P, Protesilaus ; 
out of a cluster of a hundred of the latter species settled on moist places, I could 
generally select one or two of Awtosilaus, conspicuously differing from the others 
through the different tint of its wings. 


Group. 8. P. Zagreus, and allies. 


The unique species which I place here seems to be nearest allied to species of 
the Scamander group; but it does not consort well with any other known Papilio. 
As in P. Pausanias, nature seems to have perverted the usual Papilio form to 
produce the mimetic likeness of a Heliconide. : 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 349 


P. Zagreus, Doubled. and Hewits. Gen. D. L. pl. 1*, f. 1. 


The species has been found in Venezuela and in New Granada. I obtained one 
example, at Catua, near Ega, in November, 1850. The Heliconide which it 
most 1esembles is Lycoreu Alergutis, Dbld., a species also confined apparently to 
the same distiicts of country as the Papilio. 


Obs. Having concluded the review of the Amazonian species of 
Papilio, 1 think it will be useful to employ the results to illustrate 
further some of the subjects mentioned in the remarks at the com- 
mencement of the article; especially the interesting one of the 
relation of the Amazonian“fauna to those of other countries of 
tropical America. ‘The species are such conspicuous objects, 
and are so well represented in collections, that they afford good 
data for arriving at conclusions, which I think are not likely to be 
falsified by any subsequent group of which we have to treat. The 
simplicity and distinctness of the markings and colours also afford 
good characters by which to measure the amount of modification 
the species undergo from one locality to another. The Valley of 
the Amazons, as I said before, has been classed, with regard to its 
Zoological and Botanical productions, together with Columbia and 
Guiana, as forming one great province, the Columbian. On the 
north this is separated from the Mexican province by the Isthmus 
of Panama; on the west from the Peruvian by the chain of the 
Andes ; the great Brazilian province on the south beginning from 
the southern borders of the alluvial plains of the Amazons. 

The species of Papilio confirm, what however is a well-esta- 
blished fact, the distinctness of the Brazilian province; but I 
think they also afford very strong grounds for considering the 
Guiana region (comprised between the Atlantic on the one hand, 
aad the rivers Orinoco, Negro and Amazons on the other) as a 
perfectly independent province, possessing a peculiar character in 
its productions, and having a very large proportion of species pe- 
culiar to itself. I think it will also appear, that the Valley of the 
Amazon, from the mouth of the river to about 72° W. long. 
(where Columbian begin to predominate over Guiana forms), has 
received its fauna chiefly from this region. Of about fifty species 
and distinct local sub-species of Papilio found: in the two districts 
of Guiana and Amazonia, I find that no less than twenty-nine are 
found in no other country. It is true that a large proportion of 
species, as far as we are at present aware, seem peculiar to Ama- 
zonia; but these are nearly all very closely related to, and some 
of them evidently local forms or modifications of, Guiana species. 
In comparing the Amazonian fauna with that of Guiana, it must be 


350 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


remembered, that it is only the district of the north-eastern sea 
board of the latter country and the river valleys near the coast that 
are taken into consideration, that being the only part of the country 
of which we have sufficient knowledge. Strictly speaking, the 
northern shore of the Lower Amazons should be taken as part of 
Guiana, forming, indeed, the southern frontier of the region; this 
would reduce only, however, by one species the number peculiar 
to the Amazon Valley. It is interesting to notice how the nume- 
rous local sub-species peculiar to Amazonia, ‘all show themselves 
to be local modifications of Guiana species; some of them (6) 
being confined to the Upper Amazon, and others (2) to the Delta 
at Para; none of them being found on the northern or Guiana 
shore of the Lower Amazon. It would thus appear that Guiana 
is the great centre whence radiated the species which now people 
the low lands on its borders, at their last emergence from the sea 
or other waters ; and that some of them, in advancing westward 
into the alluvial plains which occupy the wide basin of the Upper 
Amazon, and eastward into the apparently recent land forming 
the southern part of the Delta, have become modified into local 
sub-species. The other great centres of distribution, Columbia 
and Brazil, have sent but very few forms, in comparison, to 
people these vast river valleys. The few Columbian forms found 
on the Amazons (3 in number) occur only in the extreme west, 
from Ega upwards. The Brazilian forms (2) occur on the south 
shore, one indeed (Orszllus) does not reach the alluvial plains at 
all, being found only in the narrow valleys of the hilly region of 
the Tapajos, a southern affluent. A third form (Herocles) might 
be considered an Amazonian modification of a South Brazilian 
species (Proteus); this occurs only on the southern part of the 
Delta at Para. The following table will show these facts in a 
clearer light. 


Species peculiar to the Amazon Valley .. aK Sees 
Local sub-species ss ate En Bek 
Species peculiar to Guiana with the Aimeeaus oe So eke 

ss “ Guiana alone ae te aes 


Total number of species found in Guiana and Amazonia 50 


* Hierocles. Bolivar. Orellana. Aglaope. Echelus. Ergeteles. Columbus. 
Chabrias. 

t Olivencius. Patros. Cyamon. Gayi. Cutora. Isidorus. Paraensis. Parsodes. 

¢ Belus. Lycidas. Vertumnus. neas. Aneides. Lysander. Ariarathes. 
Triopas. Pausanias. 

§ Hippason. Euristeus. Bitias. Aristeus. Panthonus. 


to an Insect Fauna of the A mazon Valley. 351 


Species peculiar to the Amazon Valley and Brazil .. 2* 
- BS 3 and Columbia.. 3+ 
Total number of species common to Amazonia and 
Guiana .. ar a te ths ne a stuhD 
Total number of species common to Amazonia and 
Brazil... pera x an ais ws Sear 
Total number of species common to Amazonia and 
Columbia ae ous Ne a a ae 3 


A bare enumeration of species without further exhibition of 
the degrees of resemblance gives but a very inadequate idea of 
the true relations of faunas. Thus of the eight species given 
here as peculiar to the Amazon Valley, two, Bolivar and Chabrias, 
are strictly speaking but modifications, although well defined 
and fixed, showing the strong peculiarities of the Upper Amazon 
region, of Aneas and T'riopas, peculiar Guiana forms. A third 
species, Ergeteles, is restricted to the Guiana side of the Lower 
Amazon, and might be deducted from the exclusively Amazonian 
species. A fourth Echelus, a remarkable form especially cha- 
racteristic of, and almost confined to the district of Para, is con- 
nected with the Guiana Ergeteles through the intermediate form of 
Echephron of Cayenne. One only Hierocles, can be considered as 
more nearly related to forms of a centre of distribution not Guia- 
nian, being apparently the Amazonian modification of the South 
Brazilian P. Proteus. Of the confessed local sub-species, the 
two confined to the delta of the river, Paraensis and Parsodes, are 
varieties of the Guianian Hippason and Lysander, and are instances 
of the peculiar modifying effect of the district of country near 
Pard. The others, all varieties of Guiana forms, are confined to 
the Upper Amazon, and exhibit, in the replacement of colours 
which constitute the variations, the same effects of local conditions 
there prevailing as the more fixed sub- or representative species 
of the locality. 

From the foregoing considerations, added to what has been ad- 
vanced in the observations and table at the commencement of this 
article, I think we may conclude that the facts derived from the 
study of the distribution of the species of Papilio tend to establish 
the following propositions :—lst, that the Amazon region, al- 
though showing great diversity within itself, chiefly from many of 


*® Orsillus. Cinyras. 

t Zagreus. Evagoras. Autosilaus. 

P. Varus and P. Zacynthus have not been included in these enumerations, from 
the doubts which see under the head of those species. 


052 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


the species having become modified in different ways in migrating 
westward and eastward from a central district on the lower river ; 
on the one hand towards the upper river, and on the other towards 
the delta, has received by far the greater part of its fauna from 
Guiana; and, 2nd, that the two countries form together one and the 
same independent zoological province. It is probable, however, that 
the distinctiveness of the Guiano-Amazonian fauna will not be so 
strongly exhibited in other groups, as in the genus Papilio; this 
group being better represented than many others in equatorial 
countries, especially in the wooded, humid regions of Guiana and 
Amazonia. The total number of species and distinct local sub- 
species known to exist there is about fifty, whilst Brazil proper 
has only about forty-three, and Columbia with Peru about thirty- 
eight. Here a result may be mentioned highly interesting, as 
bearing upon the question of how far extinction is likely to have 
occurred in equatorial regions during the time of the Glacial 
epoch in Geology. It has been argued,* that during this period 
the refrigeration of the earth extended to the equatorial regions, 
and enabled many species of temperate zones to pass from one to 
the other hemisphere. It is supposed, that at that time the cli- 
mate of the equatorial plains resembled what now exists at six or 
seven thousand feet of elevation near the equator. It is a tolera- 
bly well established fact, that arctic forms then moved twenty-five 
degrees southward from their homes, and if the decreased tem- 
perature then extended to the centre of the tropics, the regions 
near the equator must have possessed a temperature similar to 
what is now enjoyed in countries near the twenty-fifth parallel of 
latitude. Extinction, in this case, must have been at work largely 
amongst the forms (if there were any) peculiar to the equatorial 
zone, and the present character of its fauna ought to show, in 
consequence, a poverty in endemic forms and unmistakeable signs, 
in the shape of local varieties or representative species, of a de- 
pendence, on the part of the now existing forms, on those living 
towards the twenty-fifth parallel of latitude; because, with the 
returning warmth, the extratropical species then living near the 
equator, would retreat north and south to their former homes, 
leaving some of their congeners, slowly modified subsequently 
by the altered local conditions, to repeople the zone they had 
forsaken. The present distribution of the species of Papilio does 
not support the hypothesis of such a degree of refrigeration in 
the equatorial zone of America, or at least does not countenance 


* Darwin’s Origin of Species, Chap. XI.’p. 378. 


ad 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 353 


the supposition of any considerable amount of extinction. The 
fauna of the Guiano-Amazonian region, as far as regards this 
genus, is in the highest degree peculiar; showing no dependence 
on that of the countries near either of the tropics. If now we 
except the local varieties (the inclusion of which would only 
strengthen the position), there are about forty perfectly distinct 
species of this genus inhabiting this region, and of these no less 
than eighteen * are endemic, all of them so peculiarly restricted 
in their range, that they are not found, nor any forms closely 
representing them, even at twelve degrees of latitude on either 
side the equator. The result is plain, that there has always (at 
least throughout immense Geological epochs) been an Equatorial 
fauna rich in endemic species, and that extinction cannot have 
prevailed to any extent within a period of time so comparatively 
modern as the Glacial epoch in Geology. 


Before dismissing the genus Papilio, I think it will be con- 
sidered a service rendered to future students if I add a list of all 
the published species of the most difficult group of the genus, 
viz., that of A/neas and its allies, with the chief synonymy; my 
endeavours to understand the Amazonian species having led me 
to make considerable research into the literature and natural his- 
tory of the whole of the American species. As in all dominant 
groups; i.e. groups which seem adapted under the present con- 
ditions of existence to increase and spread; the separation into 
species is extremely difficult. I have found it impossible to 


‘ bring forms, which have so many different grades of relationship 


to their next of kin, into a series of well-defined species. I have 
endeavoured, therefore, to read nature as I have found her, and to 
arrange the forms according to the amount of difference between 
them respectively ; having regard always to the important point, 
whether the difference be constant or not amongst the individuals 
concerned. ‘Thus, differences in one or a few individuals in a 
locality where the typical form prevails, I have treated as simple 
varieties ; others of more importance, either through the increased 
amount of difference and the tendency to occur only in certain 
localities, or through prevailing amongst all the individuals in a 
locality to the exclusion of the. type, I have considered as local 
varieties or sub-species. ‘The next grade of forms, that in which 


* Lycidas. Coristeus. Hippason. Panthonus. LEuristeus. Orellana. Ver- 
tumnus. Aneas. Ergeteles. Bolivar. Aneides. Echelus. Lysander, Aglaope. 
Triopas. Chabrias. <Ariarathes. Columbus. 


354 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


the differences would generally be considered of a specific charac- 
ter, and which involve all the individuals in the locality, but 
which at the same time have all the appearance of geographical 
varieties, I have thought it best to treat as doubtful species. The 
perfectly distinct forms are introduced without a mark of doubt; 
they are distinct from the species, or series of doubtful species 
which precede them on the list, but are connected with the doubt- 
ful species which follow them. Even with this arrangement I 
cannot conceal from myself that the distinctions are still too 
arbitrary; viewed in nature the forms appear to blend-into each 
other much more than they do in the following arrangement. 
Nature, as far as species are concerned, wears a false air of sim- 
plicity in all our lists and monographs. There are in some 
species individual differences which it is difficult not to consider 
as important as described varieties ; the varieties too are of many 
degrees of importance, some of a very partial nature, others em- 
bracing a large proportion of individuals and occurring only in 
certain localities, which latter might be considered with almost 
equal justice as local varieties or sub-species. Local varieties 
again are sometimes ofa slight nature, whilst at others assume 
forms so well defined that it is difficult to exclude them from the 
category of full species. There is no absolute, well defined dis- 
tinction between these different grades of relationship, and there-. 
fore there are in the following list many forms which I consider 
it merely a matter of individual opinion under what category to 
treat them; some varieties might be considered mere individual 
differences, some local varieties as true or complete species, and so 
forth. This question, ! think, is not of so much importance as cer- 
tain others which might be raised concerning them. TI will only add 
here that I have considered the series of doubtful forms related 
to P. Vertumnus, sp. 2, to end at sp. 4, beginning those related to 
P. Proteus with sp. 5. I have separated the two series of forms 
somewhat arbitrarily, as there is no break in the connecting links ; 
P. Zeuxis of the one series being extremely near P. Phosphorus of 
the other. The extreme forms, however, of the two series, viz. 
P. Panares or Iphidamas and P. Vertumnus, are so dissimilar that 
I have thought it best at present to separate the two groups of 
semi-species which they respectively represent. Future dis- 
coveries will, no doubt, serve to link all these forms still more 
closely together, and it will then remain a remarkable fact that the 
local modification of form affects the tendency to return into the 
normal form, or amalgamate, when varieties thus produced are 
brought by natural re-distribution into contact; because P. 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 308 


Hierocles (one of the varieties) exists in the same locality with 
Vertumnus, without a single instance occurring of its pou mnE NDS 
with that species. 


Genus Paritio of authors. 


Group Aneas, and allies. 
Section 1. Fringe of the wings white or yellowish. 


Sp: lo-P. Sesostris .......« 6; Cram. 211, FE. Gand authors: 
9, ib. 277, €C.. Diss fullus): 
— Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 5, 
f. 2 (as P. Cutora 2). 
Hab. Guiana and Amazonia. 
Local var. (1) Zestos.. g, Gray, List B. M. p. 70 (as Ses- 
ostris, d). 
Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. 
N.S. p. 340, note. 
@, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 47, pl. 10%, 
f. 5 (as Zestos @). 
Hab. Honduras and New Granada. 
Local var. (2) Childrene.. 8, Gray, Griff. An. King. pl. 38, 
as Pe 
Lucas, Voy. de Castenau, Lep. 
pl. 2, f. 4 (as @idippus). 
Hab. New Granada. 


Sp. 2. Po Vertumnuss «cece - dé, Cram... 271, sASB: 
?, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. N.S. 
p- 340. 
var. — Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 48, pl. 11, 
f. 4 (as P. Diceros). 


var. — (Bdv.) Lucas, Rev. and Mag. 
Zool. 1852, p. 489 (as P. 
Phronius). 

var, — Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 117, (as 
P. Ceelus), 


var. — Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 48, pl. 8, f. 
6 (as P. Cixius). 
Hab. Guiana and Amazonia. 
Local var. Cutora (3) 6, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 10*, 
£6; 
@, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. N.S. 
p. 341. 
Hab. Upper Amazons. 


356 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


Local var. Phaenon (4) $, Kollar, Beitr. N. Gr. t. 1, ff. 
5; 6. 
Hab. New Granada.. 


Rete Oe lel HT OCR S.cis ote 2 jar oke g, Doubled. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv. 
| (1844), p. 416. 
Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 46, pl. 9, 
f. ‘2. 
Hab. New Granada. 
var. a. Gray, Cat. B, M. p. 46. 
Hab. Guayaquil. 


Sat) tor HEULIS ere oleisieicle's $, (Bdv.) Lucas, Rev. and Mag. 
Zool. 1852, p. 190. 
id. Voy. de Castelnau, Lep. pl. 
Otros 

Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 46, pl. 9, f. 
6 (a slight var.) 
O., sib. inlay att ef « 
Hab. Venezuela and New Granada. 


ps Oy (Ps Lebmosis. o's 0:6-< wees $,(Bdv. coll. ?) Cram. t. 211, f. c, 
(as Vertumnus, var.) 
Hab. Guiana. 


Sp. ? 6. P. Phosphorus...... é, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. 
N.S. p. 341, note. 
Hab. Demerara. 


Pet Void od 1ENOCLES wx ole orm nis Sy lay, Cat. Bs 6 NL. spd o5. pla, lO, 
fs 2 
Q:, Ub. mpley9, gcse 
? — ib. p. 56, pl. 10, f. 6 (as Agla- 
ope 2). 
— tb. p. 52, pl. 10*, f. 7. (as 
Thelios). 
— ib. p. 49 (as Cyphotes). 
Hab. Para. 


Sp.? 8. P. Erlaces~0.% ion a, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 49, pl. 8, 
59% 


Hab. Bolivia and Eastern Peru. 


MPe he ar Pac RORCUS ste aig cae $, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 128. 
?, Godt. Enc, Méth. ix. p. 37, 36 
(as Nephalion). 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 357 


Sp. ? 10. 


Sp. ? 1}. 


Sp. ? 12. 


Sp.? 13. 


Sp.? 14. 


Sp.? 15. 


var. 9, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10%, f. 8. 
Hab. S. E. Brazil. 


BP. Slbon os oe &, Koll. Ann. Wien. Mus. 1839, t. 
12h le 
Hab. S. E. Brazil. 


P. Orbignyanus.... ¢, (Bdv.) Lucas, Rev. and Mag. 
Zool. 1852, p. 192; t.-10; f.3. 
Hab. Corrientes. 


P. Cymochles... «+ g, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10, f. 8. 

Hab. Trinadad ? 

P, Erithalon...... @, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 125. 
— Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10%, f. 4. 
2h; ib. pl. 10*, f. 3. 

Hab. Venezuela. 

POUISCHEUDUSL « wales: ora 4, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 130, t. 

1, B. f. 2. 


Hab. New Granada. 


P. Iphidamas ...... 8, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 8, f. 1. 
Q> ib. f. 2 (as 
Iphidamus, doubtfully of Fabricius). 


‘Hab. Mexico and Honduras. 


Sp.? 16. 


Sp. 17: 


Sp. 18. 


Sp.? 19. 


P. Panares .... i495 Gray, Cat. pl. 10;-f. 4. 
24, Bdv. Coll. as Alector. 
— B. M. Coll. as Anchises, Lin., 
erroneously, 
Hab. Mexico. 
Pe Opleus) avers ere 3 ¢, Godt. Ene. ix. p. 33. 
Hab. South America. 


P. Aineas......... 8, Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 747, 16. 
— Roesel, Ins. 3x. t. 2, f. 2. 
— Lucas, Rev. and Mag. Zool. 
1852, p. 191 (as Bochus of 
Bdv.) 
¢, Hiibn. Samm. Ex. (as Marcius). 
Hab. Guiana and Para. 


BP, Bolaar’. . 2 are,0 = é, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1851, p. 
97, pl. 10, f. 2. 
9, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10, f. 7. 
Hab. Upper Amazons. 


358 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


Sp. 20. P. Orellana ....... 8, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1852, p. 
24, pl. 5, f. 2. 
Hab. Upper Amazons. 


SP cileel tel OPUS els 5 ok eines = Godt. Enc. ix. p. 33, No. 23. 
Hab. Guiana, Para and Lower Amazons. 


Sp.? 22. P. Chabrias .....9, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1852, p. 


24, pl. 5, f. 2. 
Hab. Upper Amazons. 


The following are ¢ insufficiently known, but belonging to this 
section :— . 


P. Tarquinius, 2, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. 127. 
The description of Boisduval is not sufficiently precise to enable 
us to indicate the position of this insect. In his collection the 


specimen is now mated with a Mexican ¢, allied to Erithalion. 
Hab. Columbia. 


P. Arcas, 9, Cram. 378 C. 

If the fringe in the figure were red instead of white, it would 
represent exactly the 2 of Lurtmedes. 

Hab. Brazil (?). 
P. Lycomes, 2, Gray, List. p. 66; Tullus, 9, Esper. Aus]. Schm. 

te 25a. 3: 
I have not been able to consult the figure of Esper. 
Hab. Surinam. 


P. Anchises, ¢, Linn. Clerck, Icon. t. 29, f. 1. 
The figure of Clerck represents a @ of some species allied to 


Vertumnus. 
Hab. Surinam. 


Section 2. Fringe of the wings rose-coloured. © 


ps 20s ete IdOpe.w- dcteeisiee « $, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 55, pl. 


KOR As 
Hab. Para. 


Spee Ps eUrISleUs ss. socctwe m= ifvs Tal, Souk 
Hab. Dutch Guiana. 


Mp..20. PD. Panthonus jasie cass « $, Cram. 278 C. D. 
9, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. 


n.s. p. 343. 
Hab. Dutch and English Guiana. 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 359 


pe 26: Pebysander vo. vden ia: g, Cram. 29 C. D. 

— Eurymas, Godt. and Bdv. 

— Gray, Cat. B. M. (as Bris- 
sonius, Htibn. 3). 

@, Cram. 386 C. D. (as Ar- 
bates). 

— Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 
118, part (as Pantho- 
nus, 9). 

— Godt. Ency. ix. Pap. No. 
31 (as Anchises, L. part). 

— Hiibn. Samnil. (as Arbates). 

— ib. (as Pompeius). 

— Hiibn. Verzeich. (as Bris- 
sonius). 

— Gray, Cat. pl. 8, f.8 (as @ 
of Brissonius, Hubn.) 

Hab. Guiana, and Upper and Lower Amazons. 
Local var. (5) Parsodes.. g, Gray, Cat. p. 54, pl. 8, f. 3 
(as Parsodes 4). 

9, Gray, Cat. pl. 8, f. 4 (as 
(Parsodes ¢). 

— Gray, Cat. p. 57 (as Sono- 
ria), pl. 10, f. 1 (as So- 
noria, Var.) 

Hab. Para. 
SG Ole Ps LCROLUS x0, :<fuis sarees $, Hiibn. Samm. 
2, ib. (as Echemon),. 
? var. 9, Gray, Cat. p. 55, pl. 10*, f. 
1 (as Spartacus, Dbld.) 
Hab. Para. 
Local var. (6) Echephron.. 4, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. 
N.S. p. 345, note. 
Hab. Cayenne. 


Spo? 28:7 Po Ergetelese , siesire $, Gray, Cat. p. 52, pl. 8, f. 5. 
a ib. p- 52. 
?, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. 
p- 344, 

Since my description of the 9 was printed, I have 
found that Mr. Gray has already given an excellent de- 
scription of it in the place quoted. 

Hab. Lower Amazons. 


360 
Sp.? 29. 


Sp. ? 30. 


Sp.? 31. 


Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions 


TP PAS NONI oe 8 a Gaius 388 g, Esper. Ausl. Schm. t. 15, 
{3,16 
— Cram. 279 A. B. (as Zineas, 
Lag): 
9, Gray, Cat. p. 51, pl. 9, f. 8. 
var. 9, Hiibn. Zutr. f. 997, 8 (as 
Neophilus). 
Hab. Guiana, Lower Amazons and Para. 
Local var. (7) Olivencius.. $ and ¢, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. 
vol. v. N.S. p. 345. 
Hab. Upper Amazons and New Granada. 
Local var. (8) Hurybates.. §, Gray, Cat. p. 51, pl. 9, f. 1. 
Hab. Bolivia. 


P. Eurimedes .......+.. 4, Cram. 386 E. F. 
g, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 123 
(as Arriphus). ; 
Hab. English Guiana, Venezuela and New Granada. 
Local var. (9) Agathocles.. ¢, Kollar, Beitr. N. Gran. p. 2. 
Hab. Orinoco. 
Local var. (10) Timias.. $, Gray, Cat. p. 50, pl. 9, f. 5. 
Hab, Guayaquil. 
Loeal var. (11) Mylotes (Gray) $ and ¢, Bates, Tr. Ent. 
Soc. vol. v. N.S. 
p. 346, note. 
? 9, Docimus, Gray, MSS. 
List, p. 64. 
Hab. Nicaragua and Mexico. 


P. Zacynthus ...0.....&, Fab. Ent. Syst. iu. 1, p. 15, 
46. 
9, Fab. Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 16, 
47 (as Dimas). 
var. 9, Gray, Cat. p. 56, pl. 10%, 
f. 2. (as Eupales). 
Hab. S. E. Brazil. 
Local? var. (12) ¢ Polymetus. .Godt. Encyc. ix. p. 35, 28. 
Hab. S.E. Brazil. 
Local var. (13) Orsillus.. g and g, Swains. Zool. Ilustr. 
Ist Ser. pl. 92 (as 
Polymetus, Godt.) 
Gray, Cat. p. 57 (as 
Orsillus). 
Hab Pernambuco and River Tapajos. 


to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Walley. 361 


The following are g of this section, which at present cannot be 
mated :— 


P. Numa, 9, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 116. 

This species is represented by a solitary specimen in Dr. Bois- 
duval’s Collection. It resembles the 9 of Lysander, but the tore- 
wings are much more rounded in outline, and the macular belt of 
the hind wing is composed of much more widely separated spots, 
which are of an oval or rounded lozenge-shape. 

Precise habitat unknown. 


P. Callicles, nob. 9, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 49, pl. 8, f. 10 (as @ 
Erlaces). 
This is the ¢ of some species allied to Lysander. It comes from 


Bolivia, whence no ¢g allied to Lysander has as yet been received, 
to my knowledge. 


VOL. V. N.S» PART 1X.—-JUNE, 1861. BB 


362 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


XXV. On the Atlantic Cossonides. By T. Vernon Wot- 
LASTON, Esq., M.A., F.L.5., &c. 


[Read Feb. 4th, 1861.] 


I propose, in this paper, to lay before the Entomological Society 
an enumeration of all the members of the Rhynchophorous sub- 
family Cossonides which have hitherto been detected in the 
Atlantic islands; and it will be perceived, by a glance at the 
following pages, that no less than forty of them have, up to the 
present date, been discovered in those various oceanic groups. 
But, as neither the Azorean archipelago nor that of the Cape de 
Verdes have as yet been investigated, it is certain that many 
additions will eventually be brought to light. In St. Helena, too, 
it is far from unlikely that others will be found—particularly 
of the anomalous genus Microxylobius, of which six exponents are 
recorded below. From the Madeiras, which have been now so 
carefully explored, and in which as many as nineteen of these 
Xylophagous Curculios have already been observed, we cannot 
expect much further material; whilst the fifteen Canarians may 
be safely regarded as a-near approximation to the entire number 
inhabiting the neighbouring archipelago. The single species from 
Ascension, as will be gathered from the remarks, is perhaps a 
mere accidental importation into that island; though its close 
affinity with the Mesoxeni, and the fact of its being absolutely 
congeneric with the British Pentarthrum, would render it at all 
events probable that the insect is essentially an Atlantic one. 

Touching the Madeiran and Canarian groups, of which alone 
I feel enabled to speak with any amount of precision, no one who 
has laboured in them practically can have failed to be struck with 
the important part which the Cossonides play in the several 
districts and altitudes of those mountain-islands. Whether in 
the few sylvan regions which still remain (and where a large 
proportion of them do the work of destruction amongst the mag- 
nificent Laurels which so eminently characterize the Atlantic 
flora), or whether on the exposed rocky slopes (where the 
gigantic Euphorbias nourish a fauna of their own, and the stalks 
of shrubby plants afford unfailing sustenance for these Rhynco- 
phorous borers), or even beneath stones on the open serras of a 
lofty elevation, we find them strangely predominant, and oc- 
casionally in such profusion (though individually rather than 
specifically) that the various rotten stems appear to be almost 
alive with them. 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 363 


As a slight aid to the eye, in judging of their habitats, I have 
thought it worth while to ‘give the following geographical tabula- 
tion of these Cossonides, which will show at a glance to what 
island-groups they respectively belong; and it is curious to re- 
mark, that the species are so topographically restricted that ap- 
parently only one out of the whole forty (namely, the Mesoxenus 
Monizianus), has its range extended beyond a single cluster ; 
whilst two extensive genera (not to mention smaller ones)— 
namely, Caulotrupis and Microxylobius, are, in like manner, thus 
limited geographically. 


Madeiras.| Canaries. | Ascension.|St. Helena. 

Biremotes!crasslcOrmis, Bre sos eect) | aie), e,0. 00 # hood coda /sacococe 
Hexarthrum capitulum, W.....¢. * Bono coon lsabecddollosod code 
Rhyncolus crassirostris, W. ......|..eeeee- * staveleiisye oil etevovelarsrete 
Caulophilus sculpturatus, W. .... 7 seve neeeleeenoereleceeenes 
Phleeophagus sulcipennis, W. .... Ss odidie te ee] eceas vieliecice ces 
SS tenax, W. 0.0) ejelee as * Peet eeerslecraccecve| see eevee 
GALVUSsWView cielciereletete * sia iel@ s/s evel| aloeldiclalersl|(lonmrelateleye 


GAULT) Wis. <tcloie/el ejell/siarsicveieras were cess lee tr rene 
ITA Al Geomprioloodene on 
=== ALIN SV ch, alellete: efehajoi|( sie, sversiciere 
Simmplicipess Wrejreteiael|(s« eels +e 
——. TOKE ANG GdoooU colloa sconde 
Caulotrupis lacertosus, W. ...... 

Subnitidus; W* - ssl 
lucifucus.; Wis «sciesietle 
WIMP ya VV clare eve erctovedsts 
———-— LEE DANS 5) Wise eisielatet ore 
—— Chevrolatii, W....... 
ODACUS AW ajeisiates/sieleyels 
CONICONIS; | Wiocietern ets 'el« 


es ed 


eeeversel(ee te ears 


* * Ke KX 


CC es 


eoeeeeerricasncecsveceelscoesneeee 


see o ee eel ee seseee{ ret oo oe 


peeseeceeleesecenes/on tr> eee 


sees eweelsoseaereors eo ee eter 
COC err ererisesraesceesisee ts on oe 
eer e eer eele see es asiee teen ee 


is Pee ee ee re 


Rk KH He KK KE ¥ 


Ce ee 


Microxylobius Westwoodii, Chev. |.-..ees.|ss eter ee|ereeeees * 
—_——. Tacertosus, W. ...cleeccvcce|etrrceer|rcesracs + 
lucifugus, W. ese celeeeeee ce [etererseleccecene ra 
——---———- terebrans, W.....-c|eeesesce[soertre® teeecees * 
————-——. Chevrolatii, W. ....leessscce[ reer re reloeesnnce * 
—- GOMTCOIITS Wis eje4e aveie)| \a\avolepey overs litle 212,6(9)9)*)]\a,6) bel si0\e.0 * 
Pentatemnus arenarius, W. .ccers|eoeeeees # eee cceelescsccns 
Onycholips bifurcatus, W.  ..cccs[eccecces * siolerevelers s'|\eheleiehofetere 
Leipommata calcaratum, W....-.- * se eeccerleneeencs[serseres 
Mesoxenus Monizianus, W....... ¥ # 6/0, eievs.0) s0]| elaielsfolerate 
—— Bewickianus, W. .... * BRINOIOOOg INCneionnnl OOOO 
Pentarthrum cylindricum, W. ereslescsssesi[essecees % eee cees 
Stenotis acicula, W. .cccesesccee cs sisiel\ viele 8\|'e1a)siel elevate) felefetalivie lave 
Mesites complanatus, W. ..-eeeselesscoee- a o.0 eleleleisi|ice vielele| sie 
——— persimilis, W. ..cecreeeee|esceeees & se ccccccl(eccccecs 
maderensis, W. cecsoecs %i svoin/ovslcieralllatetelatoegoie||loieleferere ate 
Euphorbia, W. rr ” ee es ee 
PLOXimuS, W.. wo cccccseelscoecess * sie ela elaVeres| | biahorefelelwte 
<= FISTFOLINIS,, Wie 0.0 cls eee sae] 80 eo ses % el svehe oi siellateiole slaleie 
pubipennis, W.. -ceeeece|sreveeee * < ajele/e/e e/eilieie eialeisie)e 


a 


AA2 


364 


Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


Genus Erermores, nov. gen. (PI. 18, fig. 1.) 


Corpus sat parvum, cylindricum, calvum, profunde  sculptu- 


ratum, Hylurgi formam simulans : capite convexo; rostro 
brevi, crasso, lato, antice sensim attenuato ; scrobe valde pro- 
funda obliqua curvata, infra oculum (et ibidem subargute ter- 
minat4) desinente ; mandibulis magnis, exsertis ; oculis longe 
ante marginem prothoracis anticum sitis, rotundatis, valde 
prominentibus : prothorace subconico, antice truneato (hand 
producto), pone marginem anticum transversim constricto: 
scutello rotundato, distincto: elytris cylindricis. Antenne 
(18, la) breves, crassissimee, ante medium rostri inserte ; 
scapo brevi, robusto, gradatim clavato, vix curvato; funiculo 
7-articulato, articulo lmo sat magno subquadrato, 2do brevis- 
simo (preecedenti fere immerso), reliquis quinque brevibus 
transversis latitudine vix crescentibus, inter se sat arcte 
compressis et ultimo clave sat arcte adpresso; capitulo 
parvo, haud abrupto, ovato basi truneato et apice leviter 
acuminato, solido, apicem versus obscure 3-annulato. Pedes 
robusti, crassi, antict ad basin fere approximati, inlermedi 
distantiores, postici valde distantes: femoribus muticis : dibis 
subcurvatis, ad apicem externum in uncum magnum acutum 
inflexum, necnon ad internum in spinam parvam productis : 
tarsis pseudotetrameris, articulo 3tio precedentibus vix la- 
tiore, 

Obs.—Genus inter Cossonides valde anomalum, Hylurgi 
formam simulans, sed tibiarum structuraé Curculionidis omnino 
congruit : rostro antennisque brevibus valde incrassatis, 
funiculi articulo secundo brevissimo (praecedente fere re- 
condito), capitulo parvo minus abrupto, oculis valde rotun- 
datis prominentibus longe ante marginem prothoracis anticum 
sitis, tibiarum angulo interno in spinam producto tarso- 
rumque articulo antepenultimo praecedentibus vix latiore a 
generibus hujus Subfamilize plerisque discedit. 

Ab épnpwrijc, destructor | épnpow, destruo ]. 


Although his short notice of it omits to call attention to any 
single structural peculiarity of the insect except the thickness of 
its funiculus, I have but little doubt that the remarkable beetle 
from which the above generic characters have been compiled is 
identical with M. Brullé’s Hylurgus crassicornis,—of Webb and 
Berthelot’s “ Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries.” With Hylur- 


gus, 


however, it has in reality nothing whatever to do, except in 


outward contour,—the formation of its apically uncinate, undi- 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 365 


lated and externally-simple tibize being sufficient of itself to re- 
move it* from the whole of those sub-Rhyncophorous groups ; 
whilst in its enormously thickened antenna, small capitulum, and 
the excessively shortened second-joint of its funieulus (which is 
nearly lost within the enlarged basal one), as well as in its very 
prominent and perfectly rounded eyes (which are remote from the 
anterior edge of the prothorax), and the small spine with which 
the izner apex of its tibiae is armed, it presents a combination of 
features essentially its own. Nevertheless, with the exception, 
perhaps, of the Stenoscelis hylastoides,* from the Cape of Good 
Hope, it probably makes a nearer approach to the various mem- 
bers of the //ylesinide than any other truly Curculionideous genus 
hitherto described; and may correctly, therefore, in conjunction 
with Stenoscelis, be placed at the very commencement of the 
Cossonides. 


1. Lremotes crassicornis, Brullé, (PI. 18, fig. 1.) 

EE. ater, subnitidus; rostro parce punctulato, fronte convexa 
et foveola minuta (plus minus. canaliculiformi) impresso ; 
prothorace profunde punctato (punctis magnis et versus 
Jatera confertissimis), ad latera paulo rotundato ; elytris 
profunde punctato-striatis, Interstitiis convexis et minute 
seriatim punctulatis, mox ante apicem utrinque plicato-sub- 
constrictis ; antennis pedibusque nigro-piceis, illarum capi- 
tulo ferrugineo. 

Long. corp. lin. 2—vix 23. 

Habitat sub cortice laxo necnon in truncis putridis Pini cana- 
riensis in locis eleyatis insularum Canaria, Teneriffa ct Palma, 
hine inde rarior. 

Hylurgus crassicornis? Brullé, Webb & Berth. Hist. Nat. 
des Iles Can. 71 (1839). 


This singular insect appears to subsist exclusively under the 
loose bark and in the rotten wood of the Pinus canariensis, in the 
old (and often inaccessible) Pinals of the Canary Islands. It pro- 
bably occurs wherever the Pinals still remain; though, from the 
excessive difficulty of exploring the remote serras and mountain- 
slopes on which they are principally situated, I have myself, 
up to the present time, only observed it above San Bartolomao (in 
the district of Tarajana), of Grand Canary, at the Agua Mansa of 
Teneriffe, and in the Barranco above Santa Cruz of Palma. It 
will doubtless be found, equally, in Gomera and Hierro; though 


* Vide ‘ Journal of Entomology,” i, pl. XI., fig. 1 (i861), 


J00m. Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, where not so much as a a fir- tree 
exists, of course it cannot be expected to occur. 


Genus Hexarrurum. (PI. 18, fig. 2.) 
Woll., Annals of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v. 448 (1860). 


The weevil for which I established the present genus in the 
‘* Annals of Natural History” for June, 1860, was described by 
myself in the December number of 1858 as the Rhyncolus capitu- 
dum ; and it was through not having my original type of the latter 
to compare with it that I inadvertently characterized it afresh, 
giving it the name of “ Hexarthrum compressum.” Since, there- 
fore, I overlooked the structural peculiarity of the genus in my 
first Paper and re-described the species in my second, it follows 
that the title under which the insect must stand 1s Hexarthrum 
capitulum, the specific name of compressum having been superseded 
by the other. 

In its 6-jointed funiculus (18, 2a), Hexarthrum differs from all 
the other genera of the Cossonides here enumerated, with the ex- 
ception of the anomalous Onycholips, which may possibly be re- 
garded as a somewhat doubtful member of the present sub-family ; 
whilst in its excessively short, broad, triangular rostrum, de- 
pressed eyes, and its thick, abbreviated antenna, it is still further 
characterized. In everything, however, but the number of the 
joints of its funiculus it is identical with the true Rhyncoli,—its 
funiculus-articulations being closely compacted together, and with 
the second of them not longer than the third; whilst in the almost 
unexpanded ante penulntanee joint of its feet it is equally on the 
Rhyncolus-type ; nevertheless, the character above alluded to will 
at once distinguish it from that group. 


2. Hexarthrum capitulum, Woll. (Pl. 18, fig 2.) 


Rhyncolus capitulum, Woll., An. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), ii. 410 (1858). 
Heaxarthrumcompressum, Id., An, of Nat. Hist. (Ser.3), v.449 (1860). 


Habitat Maderam australem, in ligno antiquo a D.D. Park et 
Bewicke repertum. 

Apparently very rare, or at any rate extremely local, and ob- 
served hitherto only in the south of Madeira, where a single speci- 
men of it (described by myself as the ‘ Rhyncolus capitulum”) was 
first detected by Mr. M. Park. Several examples, however, have 
been found more recently by Mr. Bewicke amongst old wood, 
company with the Afesoxenus Bemickianus, in a small shed, or out- 
house, at the Praia Formosa, near Funchal. 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 367 


Genus Ruyncotus. (PI. 18, fig. 3.) 
(Creutz), Germar, Ins. Spec. 307 (1824). 


The Rhyncoli and Phiceophagi are very closely related inter se ; 
and of the three Madeiran exponents I have hitherto regarded 
only one (the P. sulcipennis) as belonging to the latter, assigning 
- the other two (R. fenax and calvus) to the former, The detection, 
however, of a typical Rhyncolus in the Canary Isiands has induced 
me to believe that the whole three of these Madeiran representa- 
tives are better referred to Phlceeophagus, with the recorded cha- 
racters of which they have certainly more in common, ‘Thus, whilst 
the rostra of the true Rhyncoli are more or less abbreviated and 
thick, and the antenne (18, 3a) short, with their funiculus-joints 
closely compressed together (the second one, moreover, being as 
short as, or even shorter than, the third), and with their capitulum 
usually small; in the Phlecophagi the rostra and antenne are for 
the most part longer and slenderer, the club of the latter is more 
abrupt, and the joints of the funiculus are more separated or dis- 
tinct, the second one of which is obconical, and decidedly longer 
than the third. The Phlceophagi, also, have their prothorax gene- 
rally more rounded at the sides than is the case with the Rhyncole, 
and the humeral angles of their elytra rather more sloped off or 
obliquely-truncated ; but in this latter particular (which is not a 
very important one) the two Madeiran insects which I had regarded 
as Rhyneoli partake more of the Rhyncolus- than of the Phlco- 
phagus-type. 


3. Rhyncolus crassirostris, n. sp. (PI. 18, fig. 3.) 

R. piceus, subnitidus; rostro brevi, lato, triangulari, sat crebre 
punctulato, oculis oblongis, valde demissis ; prothorace pro- 
funde punctato (punctis magnis et versus latera confertis), ad 
latera minus rotundato; scutello transverso; elytris profunde 
punctato-striatis, interstitiis sub-convexis et minute sub-seria- 
tim punctulatis ; antennis brevissimis pedibusque rufo-piceis, 
illarum capitulo rufo-ferrugineo, solidissimo, ad apicem valde 
truncato. 


. j 1 
Long. corp. lin. 1. 
Habitat in truncis emortuis Pinz canariensis, una cum genere 
preecedenti degens; in regione “ Tarajana” ins. Canariz mense 
Aprili A.b. 1858 primus inveni. 


The present Rhyncolus has much the general appearance of the 
European R, truncorum; nevertheless its rostrum is broader and 
shorter (being very thick and triangular); its antennee (18, 3a) areé 


368 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


still more abbreviated, with their club abrupter and more straightly 
truncated at its apex; its prothorax is much more deeply and 
remotely sculptured, and its elytral punctures are also larger, the 
small intermediate ones especially being more perceptible. In its 
closely-compressed funiculus-joints (the second of which is quite 
as short as the following one), and the unexpanded third joint of 
its feet, it agrees with the R. truncorum ; nevertheless its funiculus 
(no less than the scape) is altogether shorter than is the case in 
that insect, and the joints themselyes are more transverse. it 
appears to be confined to the Pinals of the Canarian group, where 
it perforates the old fir-trees, in company with the Eremotes cras- 
sicornis. 1 took several examples of it out of the rotten trunk of 
a Pinus Cunariensis on the ascent to the Cumbre above San Barto- 
lomao, in the district of Tarajana, of Grand Canary, during my 
sojourn there with the Rev. R. T. Lowe, in April, 1858, but I 
have not hitherto observed it in any of the other islands, 


Genus CAULOPHILUS. 
Woll., Ins. Mad. 315, tab. vi. f. 4 (1854). 


[ have no further remark to offer on this genus than those 
recorded in the ** Insecta Maderensia;” the small weevil on which 
it was founded in 1854, and which was captured in 1847, being, 
after our combined (but intermittent) researches for now fourteen 
years, still unique. Whether a more critical examination of it 
would tend to unite it with either the Phleeophagi or Rhyncoli, 1 
will not (in the absence of the original type, which is no longer in 
my possession) speculate, though I may just repeat the observation, 
that ‘its linear outline, and depressed, deeply sculptured surface, 
in conjunction with its comparatively large eyes and scutellum, 
will at once serve to separate it” from, at any rate, Caulotrupis ; 
and I may further add, that if it has eventually to be united with 
either of the above-mentioned genera, the chances are that it will 
be more easily associated with Rhyncolus than with Phlecophagus. 


4, Caulophilus sculpturatus. 
Caulophilus sculpturatus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 315, tab, vi. f. 4 (1854), 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857). 


Habitat Maderam australem, sero autumno a.p. 1847 specimen 
unicum prope Funchal deprehensi. 


The single example as yet detected was captured by myself, 
during the autumn of 1847, from beneath a stone, on an exposed 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 369 


grassy slope to the eastward of Funchal, just before arriving at 
the Cabo Garajao, or Brazen Head. 


Genus Put@ornacus. (PI. 18, fig. 4.) 
Schonherr, Gen. et Spec. Cure. iv. 1047 (1838). 


As already stated, | propose removing the two Madeiran in- 
sects Intherto regarded as Rhyncoli into the genus Phleophagus, 
their elongated antenne and rostra (as compared with the Rhyn- 
coli proper), laterally-rounded prothorax, somewhat larger club 
and less compact funiculus-joints (the second one of which, more- 
over, is distinctly longer, vide 18, 4a, than the third), agreeing better 
with the published diagnosis of the latter than with that of the 
former. So that we shall have, up to the present date of dis- 
coveries, only a single Rhyncolus in the Atlantic islands, namely, 
the &. crassirostris, from the Canaries; whilst of the Phlcophagi 
there will be three in the Madeiran- and five in the Canarian- 
‘groups. ‘These ‘ five” latter ones constitute a small geographical 
assemblage, and are very closely related inter se, being at first 
sight scarcely separable from each other. Nevertheless their 
characters are in reality extremely constant, and are not the less 
real because they happen to be (for the most part) microscopic, 
and thus far, therefore, difficult of observation. At least I can 
affirm with truth that, in compiling their diagnoses, I have exa- 
mined most critically upwards of 300 specimens, and that I have 
not found a single individual which has left me in the slighest 
doubt as to the precise type to which it belonged; though it is 
certainly an open question whether one or two which I have 
thought it safer to record as varielices may or may not hereafter, 
when further material is amassed, be considered to rank as ad- 
ditional species. 


5. Phleeophagus sulcipennis, Woll. 


Phleeophagus sulcipennis, Woll., Ins. Mad. 508 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 100 (1857). 
Habitat Maderam, in ligno putrido, locis inferioribus, passim : 
in horto suo, etiam in ipsa urbe Funchalensi, plurima specimina 
collegit Dom. Moniz. 


The P. sulcipennis has occurred hitherto only in Madeira proper, 
where, until numerous examples were found two years ago by 
Sr. Moniz in his garden at Funchal, I had considered it extremely 
rare—the only specimens in fact which I had seen being two 
which were collected by the late Dr. Heineken, But, since 


370 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


Sr. Moniz’s extensive and successful capture, it has been like- 
wise taken, though much more sparingly, by Mr. Bewicke. It is 
very closely allied to the European P. spadix, of which it may 
possibly be only a geographical state; but its elytra are just per- 
.ceptibly more ovate and less rugulose, with their striz less deeply 
impressed, and their punctures (when viewed beneath the micro- 
scope) rather smaller and considerably more remote; its pube- 
scence, too, is perhaps a little shorter, and its antennal club some- 
what less robust. 


6, Phleophagus tenax, Woll. (PI. 18, fig. 4.) 
Rhyncolus tenax, Woll., Ins. Mad. 307 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 100 (1857). 
Habiiat Maderam sylvaticam, sub cortice arborum laxo (pree- 
sertim laurorum) in locis elevatioribus vulgaris. 
An abundant insect throughout ali the sylvan districts of Ma- 
deira, occurring principally in the laurel-woods of intermediate 
and lofty elevations. 


7. Phlecophagus calvus, Woll, 
Rhyncolus calous, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v. 448 (1860), 

Habitat Maderam australem, in ligno antiquo haud procul ab 
urbe Funchalensi 4a Dom. Bewicke repertus. 

Found only, hitherto, in Madeira, and only by Mr. Bewicke, by 
whom it was detected amongst rotten wood, in company with 
Hexarthrum capitulum and the Mesoxenus Bewickianus, during 
May of 1857, in a small shed (or out-house) at the Praia For- 
mosa, near Funchal. In general contour and type it approaches 
the five Canarian species described below ; and in its rather narrow 
outline, piceous hue, and but slightly dilated antepenultimate 
tarsal-joint, it is, perhaps, nearer to the P. piceus than to any of 
them. It is, however, still more piceous than that insect; whilst 
its elytra are much less deeply punctate-striated than is the case 
with any of the Canarian Phlceophagi—the punctures of the striz 
being not only less impressed, but smaller and more remote ; its 
scutellum is very minute and triangular, but quite apparent beneath 
the microscope. 


8. Phleophagus caulium, n. sp. 
P. nigro-piceus ; prothorace valde profunde punctato ; scutello 
vix observando [oculo valde armato, minutissimo transverso ]; 
elytris oblongo-ovatis, profunde punctato-striatis, interstitils 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 371 


vix convexis; pedibus piceis, tibiis subcurvatis, tarsorum 
articulo tertio distincte dilatato-bilobo ; antennis piceo-ferru- 
gineis, capitulo ovali. 

a. prothorace valde profunde punctato, elytris sat profunde 
punctato-striatis, interstitiis depressiusculis. [Jnsula Lan- 
zarote. | 

(. prothorace vix densius leviusque punctato, elytris paulo pro- 
fundius punctato-striatis, interstitiis paulo magis convexis. 
[Jnsula Fuerteventura. | 

Long. corp. lin. 13—vix 2. 

Habitat insulas Lanzarote et Fuerteventura Canarienses, 10 

ramis Kuphorbiarum emortuis vulgatissimus. 


The present Phlceophagus has a just perceptibly different phasis 
for the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura respectively (the 
specimens from the former having their elytra a trifle less densely 
sculptured and with the interstices more depressed, and their pro- 
thoracic punctures perhaps somewhat larger and more remote) ; 
nevertheless they agree in everything essential, and more espe- 
cially in their obsolete scutellum—it being barely possible to catch 
a glimpse of it even beneath the highest power of the microscope 
(where, however, it may occasionally be just detected in the form 
of a minute ¢ransverse plate). The P. cauliwm, moreover, has 
its_ tibiae less straightened than in the following species (though 
they can scarcely be called flexuose) ; the third joint of its tarsi is 
very distinctly expanded and bilobed, and its limbs are a trifle 
shorter and darker than is the case in the P. daurimeus. It occurs 
in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (the two eastern islands of the 
Canarian Archipelago), where it would seem to be peculiar to the 
decayed Euphorbia-stems, and where it was taken abundantly by 
Mr. Gray and myself in January, 1858, and subsequently by 
myself in March, 1859. It may often be seen crawling up the 
whitewashed walls in the villages and towns; bat, as the greater 
part of the fuel used for burning is composed of dried bushes of 
the various Euphorbias, which may frequently be observed piled 
in heaps near the houses, I have but little doubt that such speci- 
mens are accidental ones, transported from their proper habitats. 
In compiling the above diagnosis I have inspected closely seventy- 
three examples. 


9. Phleeophagus laurineus, n. sp. 


P. nigro-piceus ; prothorace valde profunde punctato ; scutello 
distincto, triangulari; elytris sub-olongis, valde profunde 


av2 Mr. ‘T. Vernon Wollaston on 


prnctato-striatis (punctis magnis), interstitiis valde convexts 5 
pedibus rufo-piceis, tibiis rectis, tarsorum articulo tertio dis- 
tincte dilatato-bilobo ; antennis pallido-ferrugineis, clongatis, 
sub-gracilibus, capitulo sub-acuto-ovali. 

Var. B. capitulatus [an species distincta?], paulo minus profunde 
sculpturatus, prothorace sub-alutaceo punctis vix minoribus 
densioribus, elytrorum interstitiis Vix minus costatis, capitulo 
vix abruptiore breviore. [Znsuda Palma. | 

Long. corp. lin. 13—vix 2. 

ifabitat in locis editioribus Teneriffee, sub cortice laxo necnon 

in truncis emortuis laurorum, hine inde vulgatissimus: var. (3. ad 
insulam Palmam sola pertinet. 


Whilst the preceding Phleeophagus appears to be peculiar to the 
Euphorbia-stems of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, the present 
one, so far as I have hitherto observed, is attached to the Laurels 
of Tenerifie and Palma, in the decayed trunks of which it often 
abounds, at intermediate and lofty elevations. At first sight the . 
whole of these Canarian species are scarcely recognizable from 
rach other ; but, when placed beneath the microscope, the present 
and two following ones will be found to have very distinct scu- 
tella—which would suffice, even of itself, to separate them from 
the P. caulium and piceus. Amongst other characters, however, 
T may mention that the P. daurineus has its elytra (which are per- 
haps a trifle less ovate) more deeply sculptured than those of any 
of its allies, the punctures of which (except as compared with 
those of the P. stmplcipes) are perceptibly larger and the inter- 
stices more convex; its antenna, also, are slightly elongate and 
pale, with their funiculus-joints somewhat lax znter se, and their 
club rather acute, and its third tarsal-articulation is almost (if not 
quite) as much expanded and bilobed as in the last species. 

The var. 6 (which would seem to be peculiar to Palma) may 
possibly be distinct, in reality, from the typical form of ‘Teneriffe ; 
nevertheless, its differential characters are so small that I have 
thought it better not to isclate it; it differs in having its pro- 
thorax (when viewed beneath the microscope) sub-alutaceous, 
with the punctures rather smaller and more dense, in its elytral 
interstices being somewhat less convex, and its antennal-club a 
trifle more abbreviated and abrupt,—in most of which respects 
(though not in all) it is somewhat intermediate between the typical 
laurineus and the affinis: nevertheless, in the paleness of its an- 
tenn and its principal characters (and I believe, also, in its 
habits), it has, I think, more in common with the former than with 


the Atlantic Cossonides. ote 


the latter. I have taken the P. lawrineus abundantly beneath the 
bark and in the rotten wood of old laurels in most of the few 
remaining sylvan districts of ‘Teneriffe, such as the Agua Garcia, 
Las Mercedes, Taganana, &c.; and the var. /3 I found (so far as 
I can recollect) under similar circumstances in the Barranco da 
Agua, on the north-west of the island of Palma. Of the typical 
form I have examined carefully no less than 161 specimens ; and 
of the var. J. eighteen. 


10. Phleeophagus affinis, n. sp. 


P, nigro-piceus; prothorace sub-alutaceo, sat profunde punc- 
tato; scutello distincto, triangulari; elytris oblongo-ovatis, 
sat profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis plus minus depres- 
siusculis, pedibus rufo-piceis, tibiis rectis, tarsorum articulo 
tertio sat distincte dilatato-bilobo ; antennis ferrugineis, capi- 
tulo sub-acuto-ovali, 

Var. 3 proximus [an species distincta?!, prothorace vix vel 
haud subalutaceo, elytrorum interstitiis sub-convexis, capitulo 
elongato, [Jnsula Hierro.] 

Long. corp. lin. 14—12. 


Habitat 'Teneriffam, nisi fallor in ramis Euphorbiarum, hine 
inde vulgaris: var. 3 in insula Hierro adhue sola observavi. 


For the present Phleeophagus I have no very decided structural 
character, and I can therefore best express it negatively,—i. e., by 
stating what it is not. ‘Thus, its exceedingly perceptible sentellum 
(when viewed beneath the microscope) at once removes it from 
the P. caulium and piceus, whilst its sufficiently expanded third 
tarsa]-joint will likewise prevent its confusion with the latter, and 
therefore @ fortiort with the simplicipes. It remains, therefore, 
only to point out its distinctions from the laurineus, and this, in ats 
normal state, is easily done, since it is not only less deeply sculp- 
tured, and with its antennee somewhat darker and not quite so 
elongate, but its elytral interstices are less convex, and its pro- 
thorax (like the var. 6 of the daurineus) is more or less sub-aluta- 
ceous and with its punctures a little smaller and more dense. In 
the var. (5 (from Hierro) all these points are a trifle less evident, 
and it is possible, therefore, that further material from that island 
might prove the “var. (3 to be distinct, since it stands in much 
the same relation to the typical specimens as the Palman “var. 3” 
of the last species does to its supposed type. In the Hierro 
examples the prothorax does not appear sub-alutaceous under the 
microscope, and its elytral interstices are not quite so depressed 


374 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


as in those from Teneriffe; nevertheless, my own belief is that 
they are a mere phasis of the latter. ‘The P. affinis is, { believe, 
attached principally to the Huphorbia-stems of low and intermediate 
elevations, rather than to the forest trees of the higher ones; at 
all events I have taken the normal state in such positions at 'Taga- 
nana, in the north of Teneriffe, and also more sparingly at the 
Acua Mansa; the var. was found at a very slight altitude above 
the sea in the region of El Golfo, on the west of Hierro. Of the 
former I have examined carefully, beneath the microscope, twenty- 
two specimens; but of the latter only nine. 


11. Phlocophagus simplicipes, n. sp. 


P, nigro-piceus ; prothorace valde profunde punctato; scutello 
distincto, triangulari; elytris oblongo-ovatis, profunde punc- 
tato-striatis (punctis magnis), interstitiis convexis; pedibus 
rufo-piceis, tibiis sub-rectis, tarsorum articulo tertio vix 
dilatato; antennis ferrugineis, crassiusculis, scapo breviusculo, 
capitulo ovali. 

Long. corp. lin, 14—vix 12. 

Habitat Teneriftam, arbores emortuas fici in locis inferioribus 

terebrans. 

The P. simplicipes is very closely allied to the laurineus, but is 
rather smaller, with its elytra just perceptibly more ovate (or ex- 
panded behind the middle), with the interstices not quite so con- 
vex, and with its antenne a little thicker, darker and shorter (the 
scape particularly being more abbreviated, and the sub-claval 
joints somewhat broader). A more conspicuous character, how- 
ever, exists in its third tarsal articulation, which is hardly at all 
dilated and bilobed. Unlike the P. daurineus, it appears to occur 
at low elevations, and to be attached (so far as I have hitherto 
observed) to decayed fig-trees, in the dry, rotten wood of which 
it frequently swarms. Under such circumstances I have taken it 
abundantly in the Barranco do Passo Alto, near Santa Cruz, of 
Teneriffe. The above diagnosis is drawn out from twenty ex- 
amples. 


12. Phleeophagus piceus, n. sp. 

P, piceus, angustulus; prothorace sat profunde punctato; 
scutello vel vix vel haud observando; elytris oblongo-ovatis, 
ad humeros rectioribus (i.e. minus oblique truncatis), sat 
profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis paulo convexis; pedibus 
rufo-piceis, tibiis sub-rectis, tarsorum articulo tertio paulo 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 375 


dilatato; antennis ferrugineis, funiculi articulis inter se sub- 
arctius adpressis, capitulo ovali, abrupto. 

Var. [3 subparallelus [an species distincta?] paulo major, pro- 
thorace paulo minus profunde punctato, scutello vix dis- 
tinctiore. (Jnsule Lanzarote et Fuerteventura. ) 

Long. corp. lin, 1{—13. 

Habitat Canariam Grandem, in arbore quadam fici emortua ad 

Mogan mense Aprili a.p. 1858 deprehensus. 


The present Phlwophagus differs from all the other Canarian 
species hitherto observed in its somewhat smaller size, narrower 
outline and more piceous hue. In its only slightly-expanded 
antepenultimate tarsal-joint (which, however, is broader than in 
that species), as well as in its habits (for it appears to be attached 
to the fig-trees of comparatively low elevations), 1t approaches the 
P. simplicipes; nevertheless, apart from the characters just alluded 
to, its less deeply sculptured surface, somewhat more compact 
funiculus-joints, less obliquely-truncated shoulders and usually 
imperceptible seutellum, will immediately separate it from that 
insect. Indeed, out of ten examples from which the above 
(typical) diagnosis has been compiled, it is only in one of them 
that I can detect the least trace of a scutellum, even beneath the 
highest power of the microscope (though a small triangular place 
for its reception is just visible); whereas in the last species the 
scutellum is, in all instances, remarkably conspicuous. 

The var. 6 (from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura), which may 
possibly be specifically distinct, is, on the average, a trifle larger 
than the Grand Canarian type, with its scutellum rather more 
perceptible, and its prothorax a little less deeply punctured. The 
ten specimens from Grand Canary were found in the rotten wood 
of an old fig-tree at Mogan, towards the south-west of the island, 
on the 16th of April, 1858. Of the var. 6 1 have hitherto cap- 
tured only four examples in Lanzarote and one in Fuerteventura; 
but two more of it were taken in the former island by Mr. Gray. 
I believe they all occurred in decayed fig- trees. 


Genus CavuLoTruris. 


Woll., Ins. Mad. 308, tab. vi. f. 6, 7, 8, 9 (1854). 

I am far from being convinced that this genus can properly be 
dissevered from Phlceophagus; and it was mainly through the 
species which compose it being somewhat remarkable externally, 
and appearing to constitute a small geographical assemblage 
peculiar to the Madeiras, that I thought it desirable originally to 


376 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


establish it. Unfortunately the znstrumenta cibaria of the Cur- 
culionideé are so totally ignored and unknown, that we may pro- 
bably often fail in recognizing the distinctness of closely allied 
groups for which good structural characters (however small) 
might be afforded by a careful dissection; and it is far from im- 
probable, therefore, that the rather singular contour of these stalk- 
infesting Caulotrupides may be indicative of more decided modifi- 
cations of their oral organs: at any rate, until this point is fairly 
settled, I prefer keeping them still apart from the Phlaeophagi. 
‘Their main features consist in their comparatively unsculptured 
surfaces—their prothoraces especially (which have a tendency to 
become more or less conical) being nearly free from sculpture,— 
in their apterous, fusiform bodies, sub-connate elytra, and in their 
scutella being almost or entirely obsolete. ‘Their third tarsal- 
joint also is somewhat more evidently expanded than is the case 
in the ordinary Phleophagi; but how far any of these characters 
may be the index of more important ones yet to be discovered, I 
will not at present venture to conjecture. 


13. Caulotrupis lacertosus, Woll. 
Caulotrupis lacertosus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 309, t. vi. f. 6 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col, 102 (1857). 

Habitat Maderam sylvaticam (presertim borealem), sub cortice 
necnon in ligno emortuo Jaurorum, hine inde sat vulgaris. 

Not an uncommon insect towards the lower limits of the sylvan 
regions of Madeira, especially, however, in the north of the 
island,—occurring in the rotten wood, and under the bark, of 
forest-trees, particularly laurels. 


14. Caulotrupis subnitidus, Woll. 
Caulotrupis subnitidus, Woll., Ann, of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v. 452 
(1860). 

[Habitat insulas Maderenses (sc. Maderam et Desertam Gran- 
dem), ramos Luphorbie piscatorie in locis sub-inferioribus tere- 
brans. 

Apparently peculiar to the dead Huphorbia-stems of Madeira 
and the Deserta Grande, occurring usually in spots of a rather 
low elevation. 


15. Caulotrupis impius, Woll. 
Caulotrupis impius, Woll., Ins. Mad, 311 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857). 


Habitat insulas Maderenses (sc. Maderam, Desertam Grandem 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 3Th 


ct Desertam Australem), intra caules Si/ybi Mariani, Grtn. (= 
Cardui benedicti, antiquorum), degens. 

Found on three of the Madeiran islands,— being very abundant 
on the Deserta Grande, apparently more scarce on the Southern 
Deserta, and rare in Madeira proper. So far as I have hitherto 
observed, it is confined to the soft, pithy stalks of the Sedybum 
Marianum (the “ Holy Thistle” of the ancients); though it may 
possibly occur in other plants likewise. 


16. Caulotrupis lucifugus, Woll. 
Caulotrupis lucifugus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 310, t. vi. f. 7, 9 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 102 (1857). 

Habitat insulas omnes Maderenses, in insulo singulo plus minus 
varians,—vel intra caules plantarum vel sub lapidibus occurrens. 

A universal insect throughout the Madeiran group, though 
nowhere (unless perhaps on the Northern Deserta) very abun- 
dant,-—occurring at low and intermediate elevations, either under 
small stones or at the base of the stems of various plants, and 
having a more or Jess distinct phasis for the several islands. 


17. Caulotrupis terebrans, Woll. 
Caulotrupis terebrans, Woll., Ins. Mad. 312, t. vi. f. 8 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857). 
Habitat Portum Sanctum, in cacuminibus montium rarissimus. 
An exceedingly rare species, two specimens only having hitherto 
been taken,—captured by myself on the summit of the Pico do 
Facho, in April, 1848. 
18. Caulotrupis Chevrolatu, Woll. 
Caulotrupis Chevrolatii, Woll., Ins. Mad. 313 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857). 
Habitat Maderam sylvaticam, in locis editioribus haud infre- 
quens, 
A generally distributed insect throughout the sylvan regions of 
Madeira proper, occurring principally at a high elevation. 


19. Caulotrupis opacus, Woll. 
Caulotrupis opacus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 313 (1854), 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857). 

Habitat Maderam sylvaticam, in locis similibus ac pracedens 
sed illo paulo rarior. 

Occurs in the sylvan districts of Madeira proper, though some- 
what more rarely perhaps than the C. Chevrolati. 

VOL, V. N.S. PART IX,—JUNE, 1861, Ge 


378 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


20. Caulotrupis conicollis, Woll. 
Caulotrupis conicollis, Woll., Ins. Mad. 314 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857). 

Habitat insulas Maderenses (sc. Maderam et Desertam Gran- 
dem), sub lapidibus vel ad caules plantarum, passim. 

Found sparingly in Madeira and on the Deserta Grande, oc- 
curring under stones and at the stems of plants, at rather low and 
intermediate elevations. 


Genus Microxytorius. (PI. 18, figs. 5, 6,7, 8, 9.) 
Chevrolat, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1st Series), 1. 98 (1836). 


Corpus parvum, glabrum, in speciebus nonnullis fuasiformi- 
elongatum, in aliis etiam breviter ovatum : rostro longiusculo, 
subarcuato, deflexo; serobe obliqua, profunda, subrecta, infra 
oculos (laterales, sat magnos, rotundatos, demissos) desi- 
nente: prothorace ad latera plus minus rotundato, rare co- 
nico: scutello haud observando: elytris connatis: alis obso- 
letis : abdomine e segmentis 5 composito, articulis Imo et 
2do magnis (illo paulo majore), inter se arctissime connatis 
(suturaé zgre observanda), 3tio, 4toque brevissimis eequa- 
libus, ultimo majore subtriangulari. Antenne (18, 5a, 6a, 7a, 
8a, 9a), crassiuscule, ultra medium rostri inserte ; scapo 
subareuato, apice clavato; funiculo 5-articulato, articulo 
Imo secundo aut vix aut (ut in typicis) distincte latiore, 
2do Stioque vel (ut in typicis) inter se subzequalibus vel illo 
longiore, 4to Stoque plus minus brevibus subeequalibus (hoc 
clavee haud arcte adpresso); capitulo solido, plus minus 
elongato-ovato, obscurissime 4-annulato. Pedes (18, 6b, 7b, 
Sb, 9b), elongati, robustissimi, subaequales, antic? ad basin 
fere approximati, atermedi paulo distantiores, postict valde 
distantes : femoribus vel (ut in typicis) muticis, vel posticis 
(in utroque sexu?) spina magna acutissima sub-basali supra 
armatis ; posticis (preesertim in sexu masculo?) versus apicem 
interne transversim strigulosis et per marginem inferiorem 
plus minus obscure irregulariter tuberculatis : tibzis subrectis, 
validis, ad apicem externum in uncum magnum elongatum 
inflexum acutum productis, ad internum angulo parvo spini- 
formi terminatis : tarsis pseudotetrameris, articulo 3tio 
plus minus late bilobo. 

After a careful consideration of the five insects described below, 
all of which were taken at St. Helena, by my friend Mr. Bewicke, 
of Madeira, amongst native vegetation, on the extreme summit of 
the island, I haye come to the conclusion, in spite of their great 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 379 


variety of outline, and the anomalous character* possessed by two 
of them of a large acute spine towards the base of the upper (!) 
edge of their femora, that they are nevertheless members of a 
single group; and I am the more convinced of this, since in 
many well-known Rhynchophorous genera (such as Ceutorhynchus, 
Celiodes and Bruchus), we have exponents with toothed thighs 
(though toothed in the usual manner, it is true,—i.e. on the under 
side, not on the upper), and others with simple ones. For when 
we take into account their most peculiar feature of a 5-jointed 
funiculus, as well as their glabrous bodies, obsolete scutella, and 
the other essential points of their structure, it is impossible to 
help perceiving that they are all nearly akin inter se and cannot 
properly be separated. I have, however, formed a distinct 
section for the dentate species, and have given it a provisional 
name, in the event of its being found desirable hereafter to 
detach it from the other. 

Judging from his description and figure, and taking into ac- 
count the island habitat, there cannot be the slightest doubt what- 
soever, that at any rate the first two species described below are 
congeneric with M. Chevrolat’s Microaylobius Westwoodii, cha- 
racterised in the first volume of the ‘Tran. of the Ent. Soc. of 
London,” in 1836. I have, however, compiled a fresh diagnosis 
for this interesting little group, because that given by M. Chev- 
rolat, being founded upon the details of a solitary representative, 
does not apply to the whole five now before me; whilst, more- 
over, even as regards those points in which it is sufficiently 
accurate, it is far too short. It would seem, too, inter alia, that 
his quasi-generic character, “ elytra singulatim rotundata extre- 
mitate,” is merely a trivial one, as it certainly does not accord 
with any of the species here established (though it is a feature 
which is more or less evident in the Pentarthra proper, and one 
which is just traceable even in the two Mesoxeni from Madeira 
and the Canaries), whilst the specific variation in the length of 
the second joint of the funiculus he had of course no opportunity 
of ascertaining,—his M/. Westwoodii belonging apparently to the 
former of my divisions, in which that articulation is scarcely 
longer than the third, and following ones. Moreover, his ‘ Pedes 


* Whether this character be a sexual one or not, I am scarcely able, from 
want of more material, to pronounce for certain; but my belief is, that it is not 
sexual, At any rate, I have certainly both sexes of the M. lucifugus ; and there- 
fore, as there is no appearance of femoral spines in either males or females of that 
species, it is at least probable that the structure is not dependent on the sex in the 
M, Chevrolutii and conicollis. 

cc2 


380 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


tot approximati,” which would imply (if indeed anything decisive 
can be extracted from the expression), that all the legs are 
equally distant (and but very slightly so) at their base, can have 
no meaning at all in the present and neighbouring groups,—in 
which (like most of the Cossonides) the anterior pair are but very 
little separated from each other, the intermediate ones a good 
deal more so, and the hinder pair excessively distant. 

Although members of the same sub-family, and possessing a 
5-jointed funiculus, the Microxylobii are essentially distinct from 
the Pentarthra, and may be regarded as a little geographical 
assemblage, in ali probability (like the Caulotrupides, in Madeira) 
peculiar to St. Helena. Apart from their very great differences 
of outward configuration, and the spiniferous femora of some of 
them, they may be known from the true Pentarthra (which are 
narrow, cylindrical, linear, deeply sculptured insects, like Mesites 
and Cossonus), by their obsolete scutellum, and more elongated 
limbs and rostrum,-—the latter of which is, moreover, less 
straightened, and with the antennz inserted much nearer to its 
apex; whilst the antennee of the typical Pentarthra are (in both 
sexes) strictly medial, or (if anything, perhaps) implanted a 
trifle even behind the middle, rather than before it. 

It would seem, indced, that there is a small cluster of Cosso- 
nideous groups with 5-jointed funiculi; for, now that I have 
lately received, through the indefatigable researches of Mr, 
Bewicke, a second species of Pentarthrum proper from the island 
of Ascension, I have no hesitation whatsoever in regarding the two 
weevils from Madeira and the Canaries, which (through a disin- 
clination to multiply genera) I had lately registered* as aberrant 
Pentarthra, as a separate genus (for which in the present paper 
T have proposed the name of Mesoxenus),—characterized by its 
almost obsolete eyes, and differing from Pentarthrum proper in 
the more convex, fusiform, escutellale bodies, less straightened 
rostra, and more apically inserted antenne of the insects which 
compose it; and from the St. Helena Microrylobius (to which, 
perhaps, it is more akin), in the smaller size and unmetallic sur- 
faces of its two hitherto detected representatives,—which, more- 
over, have a less dilated antepenultimate tarsal joint, their 
antenne implanted a Jité/e further from the apex of their rostrum, 
and no tendency whatever for the above-mentioned anomalous 
femoral spines. So that, if my premises be correct, we shall 


* Vide “ Annals of Natural History’’ (1860), where these two insects are de- 
scribed, under the names of Pentarthrum Monizianum and Bewickianum respec- 
tively, 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 38l 


have (up to the present date of discoveries) all mith a 5-joinicd 
Jwuculus, the following eleven exponents of the sub-family Cos- 
sonides :—two Pentarthra (viz. from the west of England and the 
island of Ascension respectively); two Mesoxeni (from Madeira 
and the Canaries); one Pentatemnus (from the roots of sand~ 
plants in the Canaries); and including M. Chevrolat’s original 
type, which I have not inspected, six Microrylobu (from St. 
Helena). 

The Microxylodii now before me, although possessing (as lately 
stated) the same essential characters amongst themselves, differ 
so very much (specifically) in external contour, that we may be 
almost certain that many intermediate forms will yet be brought 
to light, and that, like the Madeiran Caulotrupides, they will be 
found to be an extensive insular assemblage. So curious an 
analogy, indeed, do they bear to the several members of Caulo- 
trupis, that I have given these five the same trivial names iter 
se, by way of calling attention still further to this singular (though, 
perhaps, somewhat fanciful) parallelism. 


§ I. Femora (in ulroque sexu?) mutica. 


A. Funicult articulus lmus secundo distincte latior ; 2dus tertio vie 
longior. (Microxylobu typici.) 


21. Microxylobius Westwoodi, Chev. 
Microxylobius Westwoodii, Chev., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, i. 98, pl. 
x. f. 6 (1836). 

Having been unable to obtain a sight of this insect, I know 
nothing of it beyond what may be gathered from M. Chevrolat’s 
original diagnosis. But I infer, from Mr. Westwood’s excellent 
figure which accompanies it, that it is a member of the former of 
my two sections here indicated,—not merely in its unarmed 
femora and diminutive bulk (it being described as only a line in 
Jength, and therefore even smaller than the A. lacertosus), but also 
in the second joint of its funiculus being subequal to the third, 
In its brassy hue it would seem to accord with the majority of the 
species here characterised, 


22. Microxylobius lacerlosus, n. sp. (PI. 18, fig. 5.) 

M. elongato-ovatus, piceo-niger, sub-opacus, alutaceus ; capite 
rostroque confertissime sed minus profunde punctatis (hoc 
subconvexo); prothorace longiusculo, subconvexo, confer- 
tissime punctato, ad latera minus rotundato; elytris sub- 
seriatim tuberculatis (haud punctatis) et leviter longitudins 


382 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


aliter costatis; antennis pedibusque breviusculis, rufo-piceis ; 
tarsorum articulo antepenultimo minus dilatato. 
1 1 
Long. corp. lin, J$. 


This little Microrylobius, the smallest of the species. here cha- 
racterized (and apparently but slightly larger than M. Chevrolat’s 
M. Westwoodit), may be at once known from the following ones 
by its comparatively undilated antepenultimate tarsal joint, its 
subopaque, alutaceous surface, and the peculiar sculpture of its 
elytra,—which are free from punctures, but are roughened by a 
set of minute, somewhat longitudinally-disposed tubercles, and 
have a series of obscurely elevated costee, which are rather more 
apparent towards either side than near the suture. Its elytra, 
also, have their widest part a little behind the middle (which is 
not the case in any of the species enumerated below) ; its rostrum, 
too, is a little more convex on its upper side, its eyes are a trifle 
more prominent, its prothorax is longer and straighter (with the 
sculpture much more dense), and its four hinder legs are somewhat 
shorter than in its allies described below. Like the M. lucifugus, 
it is black; but it is more piceous than that insect, and. has no 
trace whatever of a metallic tint, even on its elytra. There was 
but a single specimen of it amongst Mr. Bewicke’s captures at St. 
Helena. 


23. Microxylobius lucifugus, n. sp. (Pl. 18, fig. 6.) 

M. fusiformis, niger, subnitidus; capite rostroque confertim 
et (presertim in feeminis) profunde punctatis (hoc robusto 
et ad apicem in medio leviter depresso; in maribus sub- 
triangulari, basi Jato); prothorace convexo, profunde con- 
fertim et regulariter punctato, ad latera rotundato; elytris 
obsoletissime subeenescentibus, subconvexis, rugulosis, leviter 
punctato-striatis, interstitiis latis confertim punctatis; an- 
tennis pedibusque robustis, breviusculis, piceis, illarum basi 
rufescentiore. 

Long. corp. lin. 2. 


A large and well-marked species; and one which may be 
readily distinguished by (énéer alia) its rather thickened limbs, 
black hue (there being only the faintest possible tinge of aneous 
just traceable on the elytra), densely and deeply punctured, 
though but slightly shining, surface (which, however, is less 
opaque than in the M. dacertosus), and by its subrugulose elytra. 
Two specimens of it (male and female) were collected at St. 


Helena by Mr. Bewicke. 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 383 


B. Funiculi articulus (mus secundo vix latior ; 2dus tertio multo 
longior. 
24. Microxylobius terebrans, n. sp. (Pl. 18, fig. 7.) 

M., fusiformi-ovatus, eneus, nitidus; capite rostroque sat con- 
fertim et profunde punctatis ; prothorace convexo, sat pro- 
funde punctato, ad latera rotundato; elytris convexis, leviter 
punctato-striatis, interstitiis latis punctatis, ad basin ipsam 
paulo ruguloso-asperatis; antennis tarsisque rufo-piceis, il- 
larum capitulo minore, minus abrupto, ovato. 

Long. corp. lin. 13. 

If it should so happen (which, however, I think is not probable) 
that the curious development of an acute spine on the upper edge 
of the thighs in the two following Microxylobi should be a sexual 
character, it is possible that the present species (of which I pos- 
sess only a pair of females)-may be removed eventually into the 
next section; with the members of which, in the more elongated 
second joint of its funiculus and its brightly aneous hue, it better 
agrees. Still, in the absence of any appearance of a femoral spine, 
and under the impression that that structure is not a sexual one, 
I have no alternative but to include the J. terebrans in the same 
primary division with the dacertosus and lucifugus. In minor de- 
tails, its shining brassy surface will at once distinguish it from 
any of the Microwxylobii here described except the M. Chevrolatu 
and conicollis; from the latter of which it is altogether removed 
by the short-ovate outline, conical prothorax, arcuate upper sur- 
face, and peculiar antennze, of that insect. From the MM. Chevro- 
latii it may be immediately known by its smaller size, more ovate 
outline, more convex prothorax and elytra (the former of which 
is more deeply punctured), and by its rather smaller and less 
abrupt antennal club. 


§ II. Femora postica (in ulroque seau?) spind magnd acutissimd 
sub-basali supra armatis, Funiculi articulus \mus secundo 
vis latior ; 2dus tertio mullo longior. (Microxylobu aberrantes. 
—Subg. Thaumastomerus, Woll.) 


25. Microxylobius Chevrolatii, n. sp. (Pl. 18, fig. 8.) 

M. fusiformi-elongatus, lete zeneus, nitidus; capite rostroque 
sat confertim et profunde punctatis ; prothorace subconvexo, 
levissime punctulato, ad latera rotundato; elytris leviter 
punctato-striatis, interstitiis latis leviter punctatis, antennis 
tarsisque rufo-piceis, illarum capitulo abrupto, globoso- 
ovato. 

Long. corp. lin. 23. 


384 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


In spite of its analogy (however fanciful) in outward contour 
and hue (though not in relative size) with the Madeiran Caulotrupis 
Chevrolatit, I have an additional pleasure in dedicating this beau- 
tiful Microrylobius to M, Chevrolat, since it was he who first 
established the present genus. It may be at once recognized by 
its large size, elongate outline, brightly aneous hue, and very 
lightly punctulated prothorax. An important character, also, 
exists in the second joint of its funiculus, which is longer than is 
the case with the corresponding one in either the MZ. conicollis or 
terebrans,—it being not only very much more elongate than the 
third, but a dtéZe longer than even the basal one. ‘Two examples 
of it, which (as I am inclined to believe) may represent the sexes, 
and both of which have a powerful spine towards the base of the 
upper edge of their femora, were amongst Mr. Bewicke’s 5t. 
Helena collection, 


26. Microxylobius conicollis, n. sp. (PI. 18, fig. 9.) 


M. breviter ovatus, eneus, nitidissimus ; capite rostreque parce 
et leviter punctatis (hoc valde deflexo); prothorace conico 
(i.e. postice Jato neenon ad Jatera oblique recto), parce ct 
leviter punctato; elytris profuncis sub-punctato-striatis, in- 
terstitiis latis leviter et parce punctatis ; antennis pedibusque 
nigro-piceis, illis ad basin tarsisque rufescentibus. 


The M. conicollis is so remarkable an insect that for some time 
I had conceived that it must be generically distinct from any of 
the preceding species. Indeed the structure of its funiculus and 
club (the former of which has its joints more conical, and more 
compact inter se, whilst the latter is longer and less abrupt), in 
conjunction with its shortly-ovate outline, its much deflexed ros- 
trum, and its extremely glossy, slightly sculptured. and arcuate 
upper-surface,—its prothorax being not only conical (i. e. broadest 
at the extreme base, and with the sides obliquely straight), but 
also in a continuous curve with the elytra,—giving it a character 
peculiarly its own. Nevertheless, in spite of these external singu- 
Jarities, in all essential respects it is moulded on the same type as 
the other Microxylobii,—the immensely developed spine on the 
upper edge of its thighs being merely somewhat larger than that 
of the M. Chevrolatit; whilst its internally-strigulose femora, ob- 
solete scutellum, and the other details of its structure, are all co- 
incident with the corresponding ones of the several members of 
the genus here described. A single specimen only of it was cap- 
tured by Mr. Bewicke, during his visit to St. Helena. 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 38 


Or 


Genus Pentaremnus, nov, gen. (PI. 19, fig. 1.) 


Corpus parvum, fusiforme, sculpturatum, parce sed longe et 
grosse pilosum: rostro breviusculo, Jatiuseulo, tereti (ad au- 
tennarum inseruonem haud ampliato), vix arcuato, paulo 
deflexo ; oculis (ut in genere Afesoxeno) minutissimis, valde 
demissis, fere obsoletis (egre observandis), e lentibus 5 vel 
6 solum compositis ;_ scrobe brevi, sat profunda, infra oculum 
desinente et ibidem (sed heud argute) terminatad: prothorace 
longiusculo, sub-conico, ad latera paulo rotundato; seutello 
obsoleto: elytéris connatis: alis nullis: abdomine e segmentis 
4 composito (suturis tribus profunde et argutissime im- 
pressis’, 1mo maximo (e duobus confluentibus composito), 
2do S3tioque brevissimis, 4to rotundato-triangulari. Antenne 
(19, Ja) breves, crassee, in utroque sexu vix pone medium 
rostri insertz ; scapo ad basin ipsam flexuoso, apice facile 
clavato ; funiculo 5-articulato, 1mo magno crasso, reliquis lon- 
gitudine sub-aequalibus, latitudine paulo crescentibus, ultimo 
clave haud arcte adpresso; capitulo solidissimo, globoso- 
ovato, apice obscurissime annulato et ibidem paululum piloso. 
Pedes breves, validi, sub-equales, antict ad basin fere ap- 
proximati, zrtermedi paulo distantiores, postict (19, 1b) valde 
distantes: femoribus crassis, clavatis, muticis: ¢ibis rectis, 
extus muticis (haud spinulosis), ad apicem externum in un- 
cum maximum acutissimum valde deflexum (unco in poste- 
rioribus basi extus compresso-ampliato, necnon magis subito 
deflexo, quare nisi oculo valde obliquo superne haud obser- 
vando), sed ad internum in spinam brevem parvam robustam, 
productis; anticis intus versus apicem longe pilosis: larsis 
psendotetrameris, filiformibus, crassiusculis, articulo Imo 
longiusculo, 2do 3tioque paulo brevioribus sub-equalibus 
(hoe vix dilatato et vix bilobo), 4to minutissimo, ultimo 
circiter primi longitudine, sub-clavato, unguiculis parvis sim- 
plicibus munito. 

Obs. Genus corpore piloso aptero, oculis obsoletis tarso- 
rumque articulo antepenultimo vix reliquis latiore, necnon 
pedibus sub-fossoriis habituque generali subterraneo generi 
Leipommata (Porttis Sancti) proximum; sed funiculo 5- (nec 
7-) articulato, antennis brevioribus magis incrassatis, ab api- 
cem rostri distantioribus, prothorace longiore conico, scutello 
omnino obsoleto, tarsis crassioribus uncisque tibiarum poste- 
riorum acutioribus, multo magis subitoque deflexis (quare su- 


386 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


perne haud observandis), necnon ad basin externam com- 
presso-ampliatis, praeter ceeteras, discedit. 
A mévre, quinque, et répivw, seco. 


In the anomalous construction of its minute, deeply-sunken and 
almost obsolete eyes, as well as in its escutellate apterous body, 
connate elytra and 5-articulated funiculus, the curious weevil from 
which the above details have been drawn is coincident with the Ma- 
deiran and Canarian J/fesoxeni; nevertheless, in its much broader, 
shorter and less arcuated rostrum (which is of equal breadth 
throughout,* not being in the least degree widened at the point of 
insertion of the antennz), as also in its more abbreviated and much 
less apically implanted antennz (which spring from rather behind 
the middle, instead of at a considerable distance before it), its haay 
surface, the outer basal-enlargement of its four hinder tibial- 
hooks, its almost undilated antepenultimate tarsal joint, and its 
extraordinary burrowing habits, it altogether recedes from those 
insects. Indeed there can be no doubt that it is far more inti- 
mately allied, in reality, to the curious Leipommata calcaratum from 
Porto Santo,—with which, in its unexapanded feet, pilose body (a 
most remarkable feature for an insect which resides deep under- 
ground, beneath shifting sand), and sub-fossorial mode of life, it 
entirely agrees; nevertheless, in Leipommata the funiculus is 7- 
(instead of 5-) articulate, the eyes are quite absent, the antenne 
(although short) are longer and slenderer, and are inserted a little 
before the middle of the rostrum (instead of somewhat behind it), 
the scutellum is just traceable beneath the microscope, the hinder- 
tibize ave sub-flexuose, the tibial-unci are less acute, and the four 
posterior ones very much less decurved} (so that they are quite 
apparent when the insect is viewed from above) and without any 
trace of the disproportioned development at their outer base. 


* In this respect, as well as in the submedial position of its antenna in both 
sexes (no less than in its 5-jointed funiculus), it agrees better with Pentarthrum 
than with Mesorenus ; but the fully developed eyes and scutella of the Pentarthra, 
in conjunction with their linear, glabrous bodies (the most essential feature of the 
typical Cossonides), smaller and ordinary tibial-hook (which is not enlarged into 
an obtuse, compressed process at its outer base), and their common lignivorous 
habits, will at once separate them from the whole of these blind, pilose, sub- 
fossorial, sand-infesting Curculionide. 

+ The sudden manner in which the four hinder tibial-unci are decurved in 
Pentatemnus is very remarkable,—being, in consequence, quite concealed from 
view unless the insect be examined laterally ; whilst the compressed development 
at the base of these unci is, on the other hand, so apparent, that it seems primd 
facie as though it terminated the tibie, and that there was no hook beyond it. 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 387 


Thus, whilst Pentatemnus resembles in some respects Leipom- 
mata and in others Mesoxenus, its structural details entirely forbid 
its being associated with either of them; though I think that the 
characters which would tend to affiliate it with the former are the 
more important ones, and that it must be considered therefore as 
nearer akin to the Porto Santan genus than to the wood-feeding 
Mesoxeni of Madeira and Teneriffe. 

I do not hesitate in regarding as “ blind” the members of the 
present and three following genera, because, although it is only in 
two of them (Onycholips and Leipommata) that the eyes are abso- 
lutely untraceable beneath the highest power of the microscope, it is 
nevertheless equally certain that the others (Pentatemnus and Me- 
soxenus) have their visual organs so excessively imperfect, minute, 
deeply immersed and rudimentary, that they are strictly what 
would be termed “ obsolete ;” and there can be no doubt there- 
fore, I imagine, that these latter ones likewise must be practically 
blind. 

In spite of their many and important discrepancies (for the 
exponent of the second genus, in the construction of its almost 
incomprehensible feet, is perhaps one of the most extraordinary 
Coleopterous insects which has ever been made known) I am 
nevertheless convinced, after a long and careful consideration of 
them, that at any rate the first three of these groups are so closely 
allied that no system of classification, which would tend on 
account of those “ discrepancies’ to place them far asunder, can 
possibly be a natural one. Indeed, their want of sight, their 
coarsely-sculptured pilose bodies, obsolete wings and sub-fossorial 
habits (the insects residing underground at the roots of the few 
plants which stud the tracts of drifting sand in the eastern islands 
of the Canarian, and northern one of the Madeiran, Archipelago, ) 
are all particulars, and very expressive ones, in which they are 
literally coincident. And, when we take into account the extreme 
peculiarity of their mode of life (for the Rhynchophora) and their 
remarkable feature of a hairy surface (especially for Cossonides, 
and for creatures, moreover, which live at a considerable depth in 
the sand—never rising to the surface except when brought there 
by accident or design), we shall be still further struck by the 
fact, that the habits of these Curculios are as marvellous as they 
are identical inter se. 

If we may consider, therefore, their near relationship as a 
settled point, it becomes comparatively easy to discuss their 
affinities; for, had the second of them only (Onycholips) been 
brought to light, we might have had great difficulty in referring it 


388 » Mr. 'T. Vernon Wollaston on 


to any known sub-family or group—the structure of its four 
hinder tarsi and other minutiz being quite unintelligible without 
the aid of some collateral form to suggest a partial explanation. 
But, granting its kinship with Pentatemnus and Leipommata, we at 
once connect it with the Mesoxent (of Madeira and Teneriffe), 
which Pentatemnus manifestly approaches, and thence with Pen- 
tarthrum and the typical Cossonides. 

The burrowing propensity of the representatives of these three 
genera (Pentalemnus, Letpommata and Onycholips) cannot be too 
prominently brought forward—not simply because of its eccen- 
tricity amongst the Cossonideous groups, but likewise because 
the whole details of their structure, except (apparently) their 
more or less hirsute bodies, are in perfect keeping with this in- 
stinct of their nature; for, whilst all of them are blind (eyes being 
useless for creatures which never intentionally approach the light) 
and apterous, Letpommata and Pentatemnus have the nner apical- 
angle of their tibize (a very rare circumstance in the true Rhyncho- 
phora) produced into an acute spine, their antepenultimate tarsal- 
joint (the usual dilatation of which implies a power of adhesion to 
the foliage and stems of plants) almost unexpanded, and their 
elytra connate ; whilst in Onycholips the four posterior tibiae are 
powerfully spinulose along their outer edge (after the fashion of 
many of the Lamellicorns), and have their feet (of which here- 
after) most abnormally furnished with compressed divaricating 
spiniform lobes. 


(oly s 


27. Pentatemnus arenarius, n. sp. (PI. 19, fig. 1.) 


P, angusto-ellipticus, piceus, pilis longis sub-erectis mollibus 
cinereis parce vestitus; prothorace longiusculo, sub-conico, 
valde profunde et distincte punctato; elytris transversim 
rugulosis, sub-seriatim punctatis ; antennis pedibusque paulo 
rufescentioribus, 

Occurrit pilis plus minus attritis,—corpore sub-calvo, 


Pecan line el 
Long. corp. lin, 14—1]}. 


Habitat insulas Lanzarote, Fuerteventura et Gran Canaria, ad 
radices plantarum (presertim Zygophyllum Montanesti, Webb) in 
arenosis aridis submaritimis crescentium, hine inde haud infre- 
quens. 

Although the present insect would never be found by any one 
who was unacquainted with its habits, it 1s nevertheless far from 
uncommon when searched for in its proper localities. It occurs, 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 389 


generally, at a considerable depth underground, about the roots of 
various shrubby plants (particularly the Zygophyllum Fontanesii, 
Webb, and a small Euphorbia) which stud the dry barren sandy 
tracts of I'uerteventura, Lanzarote and Grand Canary, and around 
which solid hillocks have gradually accumulated from the loose 
surface-sand, which the constant breezes of those latitudes keep 
in an eternal state of drift. In such situations, by selecting a 
mound and scooping a large hole at the side of it (so as to catch 
everything that might chance to fall), and then laying bare the 
roots and stems immediately above it, I have at times taken the 
Pentatemnus in tolerable profusion—especially on the arid wastes 
in the vicinity of Porto de Cabras of Fuerteventura, and on those 
far more extensive ones at Corralejo (the extreme northern point 
of the island). In like positions I have found it, though more 
sparingly, near Arrecife, of Lanzarote, and at Maspalomas, in the 
south of Grand Canary. 


Genus Onycuorirs, nov. gen. (PI. 19, fig. 2.) 


Corpus parvum, sub-globoso-ovatum, sculpturatum, longissime . 
et grosse pilosum: rostro brevi, latissimo, apicem versus vix 
angustiore (ad antennarum insertionem haud ampliato), vix 
arcuato, deflexo; oculis nullis; scrobe brevissima, profunda, 
flexuosa, valde obliqué (sc. foveolé auriculiformi solum): 
prothorace breviusculo, ad latera rotundato: scutello distincto, 
triangulari: elytris liberis: alis nullis: abdomine e segmentis 
5 composito, Imo sat magno, 2do brevi, 3tio 4toque brevis- 
simis, 5to rotundato-triangulari. Antenne (19,2a) brevis- 
simee, crassa, in utroque sexu prope medium rostri insertz ; 
scapo brevissimo (in scrobe auriculiformi profunda omnino 
abscondito), sub-flexuoso, gracili ; funiculo 6-articulato, arti- 
culis Imo et 2do maximis crassis latitudine sub-zequalibus 
(illo paulo breviore transverso-rotundato, hoe sub-ovato apice 
late truncato) et pilis paucis longissimis obsitis, reliquis parvis 
brevibus sub-zequalibus, ultimo clavee sat arcte adpresso; 
capitulo magno, solidissimo, globoso-ovato, apicem versus 
densissime et sat longe piloso. Pedes breves (antici brevis- 
simi), validissimi, fossoril, anteriores ad basin approximati, 
postici(19, 2c, 2d) valde distantes: femoribus crassiusculis, sat 
clavatis, muticis: ¢ibiis anticis (19, 2b) rectis extus haud spi- 
nulosis, ad apicem externum in lobum tectiformem obtusum 
longissimum Jete translucidum, sed ad internum in spinam 
parvam valde compressam, productis ; postcrioribus sub-cur- 
vatis, extus fortiter spinulosis, ad apicem (externum et in- 


390 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


ternum) valde compressis et lobato-ampliatis: tarsis brevibus, 
valde anomalis, pone tibiarum apicem compressum lobatum 
insertis, quasi 4-articulatis (articulo ultimo vel vere vel quasi 
obsoleto!) ; anticis (19, 2b) vere 4-articulis [articulus ultimus 
omnino abest], brevissimis, longissime pone apicem tibiarum 
lobatum sitis et lobo ipso brevioribus [ergo superne haud 
observandis], filiformibus, articulo Imo brevi, 2do longiore, 
3tio hoc paulo breviore, 4to praecedenti vix minore, regu- 
lariter ovali necnon ad apicem pilis perpaucis longissimis 
obsito; posterioribus (19, 2c, 2d) quasi 4-articulatis [articuli 
ultimus et penultimus nisi fallor inter se omnino commis- 
centur, articulum, aut potius appendiculam bifurcatam, ano- 
malam, efficientes], articulis 2do, 3tio et ultimo ad angulos 
anticos longissime spinoso-lobatis (articulos 3 longe bifur- 
catos formantibus!)—articulo 1mo brevi-ovato apice trun- 
cato, intra apicem compressum tibiarum abscondito, 2do 
majore longiore, una cum Stio (minore graciliore) lobis duobus 
spiniformibus longissimis aucto, 4to nisi fallor minuto inter 
spinas tertii immerso et in ultimum (apice bifurcatum, sed 
haud unguiculatum) omnino suffuso. 

Obs. Genus valde anomalum, scapo brevissimo (in scrobe 
auriculiformi omnino abscondito), funiculo 6-articulato (arti- 
culis Imo et 2do maximis crassis subzequalibus, reliquis 
minutissimis), corpore sub-globoso longissime piloso ceco, 
habituque subterraneo fossorio necnon tibiarum tarsorumque 
structura mirifica abnormali Curculionidis omnibus mihi cog- 
nitis toto czlo differt. 

Ab ovvé, unguiculus, et Nei, relinquo. 

In its marvellously reduced antennal scape (which is so exces- 
sively short as to lie entirely buried within the deep fovea, or abbrevi- 
ated scrobs, in which it is implanted), as well as in the very unusual 
proportions of its six-jointed funiculus, its total freedom from even 
the rudiments of eyes, and its most wonderful tibize and feet, this 
extraordinary genus presents a combination of features perfectly 
anomalous, and which I believe are quite unparalleled in any 
Coleopterous insect on record. Indeed, the structure of its 
tibia and tarsi are so outrageously abnormal, that, did not the 
general outward contour of the creature, and the formation of its 
rostrum, oral organs and antennz (not to mention its superficial 
points of resemblance with the exponent of the preceding genus), 
bespeak it as Rhyncophorous, it would have been quite impos- 
sible to decide to what primary division of the Coleoptera it 
should be referred. And althovgh even now I may be mistaken 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 391 


in the conclusions which I have drawn, I may add that, had 
I not mounted in balsam many specimens of the legs for micro- 
scopic observation, and thus fixed them in so transparent a 
medium that their immer structure became visible, I do not think 
I could have offered any explanation of a foot which seemed to 
have nothing in common with the ordinary Coleopterous type. 

Whilst examining the tibice and tarsi of this Canarian “ mon- 
ster’”* (in balsam) under the microscope, one might almost imagine 
(however fancifully) that one could trace out the mode of its de- 
velopment in arriving at its present erratic climax; for it would 
seem as if the tibiae had been gradually increased by a narrow, 
compressed, lateral, spinulose marginal-appendage, which had be- 
come so enormously developed at the tip as to have almost 
doubled the original length of the limb,—so that the tarsi, which 
are implanted into the apex of the frue tibie, arise immensely be- 
hind the lobed termination of what I may be perhaps permitted 
to call (by way of illustration) the pseudo-tibia. In the front- 
legs (19, 2b), which are excessively short, this compressed marginal 
rim is hardly at all developed along the edge,—where it is just 
traceable (under a high power) as a hair-like line armed with one 
or two rudimentary infinitesimal spines; but at the apew it is pro- 
duced into a long, obtuse, roof-shaped lobe,} or finger, concave 
beneath and far exceeding the tarsus in length,—which is conse- 
quently entirely hidden when viewed from above. In the four 
hinder tibiae (19, 2c, 2d) this compressed lateral ‘‘ appendage” is 
much more developed, and powerfully spinulose along its outer 
edge; and at the apex it is greatly enlarged,—stretching out, 
moreover, into elongated lobes which occupy the relative positions 
of the internal and external angles of the ‘ true” tibia, and which 
almost conceal from observation the basal joint of the tarsus 
(which arises out of the latter). 

Thus much for the tibize,—the structure of which, however 
anomalous (especially for the Rhynchophora), is intelligible enough. 
Not so, however, the feet,—which, although on a perfectly dif- 
ferent type in the front-legs to what they are in the remainder, 
may be all regarded as tetramerous,{ the apical joint having either 


* Length, one line! 

+ This tectiform finger, or lobe, has a very beautiful appearance, even under an 
ordinary lens, when seen in particular lights,—reflecting from its thin surface a 
rich sanguineous iridescence. And indeed all the compressed spines, both of the 
tibie and tarsi, show more or less of this peculiarity ; though, from their exces- 
sively minute dimensions, it is in them less conspicuous. 

$ It may perhaps be said, that I have described from imperfect specimens,— 


392 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


become merged with that which precedes it (as I believe to be the 
case with the hinder ones), or else (as I am inclined to think pro- 
bable in the anterior pair) entirely lost. 

The front-tarsi (19, 2b) are very short, slender and small; and, 
since they do not equal in length the apical projection of the tibia, 
they are only visible when the insect is looked at obliquely, when 
they may be seen hanging loosely down, as though weak and 
aboriive,—a peculiarity which is at once confirmed on inspection, 
for they have every appearance of being useless. They would 
scem to be composed of four joints of sub-equal breadth,—the 
second being a little the longest, and the ultimate one regularly 
oval and furnished at its tip with a few long hairs. There is no 
indication whatever of waguiculi, and therefore, as the whole 
number of articulations (so far as I can detect them) is only four, 
I conclude that the claw-joint must be the missing one. So abbre- 
viated indeed are these feet, and so cumbersome must be the 
elongate overhanging tibial-lobe, that one can scarcely understand 
how they could possibly be brought into play; but whether their 
present abortive and imperfect state can have any connection with 
this fact, or whether the outrageous and most anomalous develop- 
ment of the four hinder tarsi can have had any correlative ten- 
dency to weaken the structure of the front ones, it is useless to 
conjecture, 

The four posterior feet, however, constitute the chief anomaly 
of this remarkable Curculio; and it was not until I had looked at 
them for a considerable time, and had thought over them for many 
days, that I felt at all satisfied about the nature of their real 
structure; for their first appearance (19, 2d) is simply that of 
three apically-bifircate portions, or joints, arising one out of the 
other in succession, and each of them diminishing in breadth, as 
well as in the length of these enormously-developed lateral spini- 
form lobes. On mounting them, however, in balsam, and throw- 
ing a strong light through them from beneath (vide 19, 2c), a basal 
articulation (which was concealed before within the double and 
compressed apical-enlargement of the tibia) became at once appa- 
rent; whilst, at the same time, I was able to detect in the follow- 
ing transparent joints distinct indications of what would seem to 
have been (speaking metaphorically) the size and shape of the 
original joints before the present immense lateral appendages were 


which indeed I was, myself, at first inclined to suspect; but I can only say that 
I have mounted carefully twelve legs in balsam, and have examined, as opaque 
objects, those of twelve more examples (amounting, on the whole, to eighty-four 
limbs), and I find no exception to the above statement. 


— 


the Atlantic Cossonides. ‘ 393 


alded to them. Thus, on this principle, the first articulation 
(now hidden within the augmented tibial-apex) appears to have 
been short and small, the second one (now furnished with these 
two immense spiniform lobes) much larger and slightly emarginate 
at its front edge, the third (likewise armed with these elongate 
lateral appendages) rather smaller and slenderer, and a little more 
decidedly emarginate at its apex, whilst the ultimate one (at the 
base of which I believe I can discern evidences of the minute 
penultimate joint of the ordinary pscudotetramerous foot) would 
appear to have terminated befere the base of the two (com- 
paratively short) divaricating and exceedingly thin lobes which 
now crown its apex. 

On this explanation (which I believe to be really correct), the 
foot is reduced from a perfectly incomprehensible type to an in- 
telligible one; and although (to make my meaning more plain) I 
have used the term “development,” &c., in speaking of these 
abnormal spiniform lobes, I do not mean thereby to express my 
conviction that the latter have actuaily been added to a foot which 
was originally formed after the fixed Rhynchophorous pattern ; but 
simply that that type has not altogether been lost sight of in even 
this extravagant modification of it. 

Since the ‘‘ developments” at the apex of the tibia of this Cur- 
culionideous monster, and which so marvellously increase the 
length of what I have (somewhat fancifully) designated the 
© original” limb, follow the exact relative positions of the ordinary 
tibial spur and hook (at the internal and external angles, respec- 
tively); and since the spiniform lobes of the second and third 
tarsal joints likewise arise from the angles of those articulations 
(as though they were enormous prolongations of them); I there+ 
fore conclude, from analogy, that the two (smaller) terminal lobes 
of the dast tarsal-joint follow the same law, and may be regarded, 
consequently, as prolongations of the angles of that joint, and 
have nothing whatever to do with the wnguiculii—which they, 
therefore, do not represent. And, in support of this, the evident 
indications that are present may be adduced of the claw-joint 
having (as it were) terminated before the base, or commencement, 
of this bifurcated “appendage.” Or we may state it thus :— 
since the claws are altogether absent in the fron-feet, it.would 
appear the less improbable @ priori that they might have become 
also obsolete in the posterior ones,—-absorbed (as it were), if I 
may so express it, by this anomalous development of spiniform 
lobes; in which case the lobes could not be said to represent them, 

VOL. V. N.S. PART IX,—JUNE, 1861. DD 


394 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


though they might be regarded as the proximate cause of their 
extinction. 

With respect to the minor generic details of this curious insect, 
space forbids me to comment on them,—so I must merely refer to 
the diagnosis. I may just add, however, that it differs inter alia, 
from Pentatemnus in having its scutellum distinct and its elytra 
free, in its four anterior legs being approximate at their base, 
and in the remarkable confirmation of its antenne (19, 2a),— 
the scape of which (as already stated) is so minute as to be quite 
buried in the small scrobs, or auriculiform fovea, in which it is 
implanted ; whilst the funiculus is 6-articulate (the first two 
joints being very large and thick, and the remaining four short 
and small); and the capitulum most densely pilose towards its 
apex. | 


28. Onycholips bifurcatus, n. sp. (Pl. 19, fig. 2.) 

O. globoso-ovatus, pallido-ferrugineus, rostro ad apicem ipsum 
nigro, pilis longissimis erectis mollibus flavo-cinereis vestitus ; 
prothorace parvo, coleopteris angustiore, ad latera (pre- 
sertim postice) rotundato, punctato (punctis maximis sed 
leviter impressis); elytris rugosis, substriato-punctatis (punctis 
maximis sed Jeviter impressis confusis) et minutissime sub- 
seriatim tuberculato-asperatis; antennis pedibusque vix pal- 
lidioribus. 

Long. corp. lin. 1—14. 

Habitat insulas Fuerteventura et Gran Canaria, in locis simi- 
libus ac Pentatemnus arenarius et una cum illo degens, sed multo 
rarior: ad radices Zygophyllum Fontanesii prope Puerto de 
Cabras Fuerteventure sat frequens, necnon inter urbem Las 
Palmas et viculum Puerto de Luz, Canarie Grandis, exemplar 
unicum cepi. 

Occurs at the roots of shrubby plants, in company with the 
Pentatemnus arenarius, but very much rarer. In the sandy region 
to the south of Puerto de Cabras, of Fuerteventura, it was taken 
sparingly, both by myself and Mr. Gray; and I found a single 
specimen of it in Grand Canary, on the sandy isthmus (between 
Las Palmas and Puerto de Luz) which connects the Isleta with 
the mainland. 


Genus Lrirommata. (PI. 19, fig. 3.) 
Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 100 (1857). 
The curious weevil which was detected by myself in Porto 
Santo, at the roots of sand-plants, during May of 1855, and for 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 395 


the reception of which I founded (in 1857) the present genus, is, 
as has been already stated, so closely allied in external aspect 
and contour to the Pentatemnus arenarius (found in similar spots 
in the three eastern islands of the Canarian archipelago), that at 
first sight it would undoubtedly be regarded as congeneric with 
it. Yet, in spite of this wonderful similarity in facies and habits, 
the Leipommata calcaratum recedes from Pentatemnus in many of 
the most important details of its structure,—though especially, 
perhaps, in possessing a 7- (instead of a 5-) jointed funiculus. 
In their pilose bodies and sub-fossorial habits (two most re- 
markable characters for the Cossonides), as well as in their sub- 
connate elytra, obsolete wings, almost unexpanded antepenulti- 
mate tarsal-joint, and the more or less produced (or spiniform) 
tnner apical-angle of their tibiae, the two insects are nearly coinci- 
dent; nevertheless, in Letpommata the eyes are entirely absent 
(there being no indication of them whatsoever, even beneath the 
microscope); the antennee (although short) are rather longer and 
thinner, and implanted a little nearer to the apex of the rostrum ; 
the prothorax is smaller and less conical, the scutellum is not 
quite obsolete (being just traceable under a high magnifying 
power), the tarsi are slenderer, and the apex of the tibia is very 
differently modified,—the large outer hook (vide 19, 3b) being 
more obtuse and very much less deflexed (so that the four hinder 
ones are quite apparent when the insect is viewed from above), 
whilst the inner terminal-spine is considerably larger and more 
elongated. In Leipommata, moreover, the hinder tibiz are less 
straightened than in Pentatemnus, and the base of their apical- 
hook is not compressed and developed as is the case in that 
genus. 


29. Leipommata calcaralum, Woll, (PI. 19, fig. 3.) 
Leipommata calcaratum, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col, 101 (1857). 


Habitat Portum Sanctum (insularum Maderensium), ad radices 
plantarum (preesertim Arundo donax) in colliculis arenosis mox 
pone oram maritimam crescentium, mense Maio a.p. 1855 a 
meipso repertum. 

Taken sparingly at the roots of sand-plants (especially the com- 
mon Arundo donax), and generally at a considerable distance 
beneath the surface, on the sand-hills of Porto Santo (immediately 
behind the sea-beach), during May, 1855. 


Genus Mesoxenus, nov. gen. (PI. 19, figs. 4, 6.) 


I need not give the structural details afresh of the two singular 
DD2 


396 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


insects for the reception of which I would now propose the pre- 
sent genus. In a late paper on “ Additions to the Madeiran 
Coleoptera,” published in the ‘* Annals of Natural History” for 
last year, I described these species minutely, and, whilst record- 
ing them as aberrant Pentarthra, stated the exact points in which 
they differed from Pentarthrum proper,—as then solely repre- 
sented by the P. Hattoni, from the west of England. I will 
simply add, therefore, that the detection by Mr. Bewicke of a 
second Pentarthrum, in the island of Ascension, has so completely 
confirmed my original diagnosis of the group (enabling me, inter 
alia, to pronounce for certain, what I was formerly only able to 
suspect, that the antennze are in both sexes strictly medial), that 
I can no longer admit into it the two weevils enumerated below,— 
the characters of which are very different from the corresponding 
ones of the veritable Pentarthra: indeed, the possession of a 
5-jointed funiculus is almost the only essential peculiarity in 
which the members of this genera agree, 

The Mesorent are at once separated from the Pentarthra by 
their almost obsolete eyes* (which are so extremely rudimentary 
and abortive that there can be but little doubt that the creatures 
must be practically blind), by their quite obsolete scutella, by 
their longer, narrower, and more arcuated rostra, which is slightly 
widened at the point of junction of the antenna, and by these 
latter being very decidedly ante-medial in their insertion. The 
Mesoxeni, also, are more convex, fusiform and less roughened 
Insects than the Pentarthra (which are narrow, parallel and 
deeply sculptured, like the Mesites and Cossoni); and their pro- 
thoraces are less conical,—being rounded at the sides, instead of 
being widest at the extreme base. 


30. Mesoxenus Monizianus, Woll. (PI. 19, fig. 4.) 


Pentarthrum Monizianum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), 
v. 450 (1860). 

Habitat insulas Maderenses et, Canarienses, rarissimus: spe- 
cimen unicum mense Martio a. vp. 1857 ad Orotavam ‘Teneriflz 
primus deprehensi, sed tempore vernali 1858 in horto quodam 
Funchatensi Maderz copiosior collegit Dom. Moniz. 

Apparently extremely rare, or at any rate very local; and the 
only one of the Atlantic Cossonides which has hitherto been ob- 


* For a description of these eyes, vide ‘ Annals of Natural History” (Ser. 3), 
v. 450 (1860). 


| 
| 
| 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 397 


served in more than a single island-group. A solitary specimen 
of it was taken by myself, in a house at Orotava, in the north of 
Teneriffe, during March, 1857; and many more were captured 
by Sr. Moniz, in Madeira, during the spring of 1858,—from out 
of old boards lying on the damp earth in his garden at Funchal. 


31. Mesorenus Benickianus, Woll. (PI. 19, fig. 6) 


Pentarthrum Benickianum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), 
v. 451 (1860), 
Habitat Maderam australem, in ligno antiquo a Dom. Bewicke 
repertus, 
Likewise very scarce,—or, at any rate, extremely local; and 
hitherto found only by Mr. Bewicke, amongst rotten wood in a 
small shed, or out-house, at the Praia Formosa, near Funchal. 


Genus Penrarturum. (PI. 19, fig. 5.) 
Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 2), xiv. 129 (1854). 

The genus Pentarthrum was established by myself, in 1854, for 
the reception of a small weevil discovered by my nephew, the 
Rev. H. W. Hutton, during the previous year, in Devonshire ; 
and, with the exception of AMicroxylobius, it was the first true 
member of the Cossonides in which less than seven funiculus-joints 
had been observed. Since then, however, I have myself de- 
scribed four other Cossonideous gevera, in which the articulations 
of this portion of the antenna are numerically reduced,—namely, 
Hexarthrum and Onycholips, in which the number of joints are 
six ; and Pentatemnus and Mesoxenus, in which it is five ; so that, 
up to the present date, there are four known groups of this sub- 
family which possess a 5-jointed funiculus,—i.e., Microrylobius 
(from St. Helena), Pentatemnus (from the Canary Islands), Afe- 
soxenus (from Madeira and the Canaries), and Pentarthrum (from 
the south-west of England and Ascension). 

As already stated (in my observations under the preceding 
genus), the recent detection by Mr. Bewicke, at Ascension, of a 
new Pentarthrum, has so completely confirmed my original diag- 
nosis of the groun (proving, amongst other important particulars, 
that the antenne are in both sexes strictly medial), that it is impos- 
sible to include under it any longer the two curious Madeiran 
beetles which (from a dislike to multiplying genera) I had charac- 
terized last year (in the ‘* Annals of Natural History”) as aberrant 
Pentarthra, wonder the respective titles of P. Monizianum and 
Bewickianum; and 1 have consequently just proposed for these 


398 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


latter the generic name of Mesoxenus. And, in point of fact, Me- 
soxenus and Pentarthrum (each of which have now two known ex- 
ponents) are remarkably well-defined inter se, and cannot possibly 
be confounded; for not only has the latter large and fully-de- 
veloped eyes and a distinct scutellum (whilst the former is escutel- 
late, and almost, if not entirely, blind), but its antennee are in- 
serted, also, much further from the apex of the rostrum—which 
latter is broader, less arcuate, and of perfectly equal breadth 
throughout. The Pentarthra, likewise, are more linear, parallel 
and deeply sculptured insects than the Mesoxeni ‘resembling the 
typical Cossonides),—being less fusiform, and with their protho- 
races (instead of dilated at the sides) sub-conical. 

The only structural differences that I can possibly detect be- 
tween the British and Ascension Pentarthra are, that the latter has 
the joints of its funiculus (vide 19, 5a) a little more compact— 
with the second one not at all longer than the third (all except the 
enlarged one at the base being of sub-equal length)—its club 
smaller, more ovate, and less abrupt, and its third tarsal articula- 
tion less expanded and bilobed; but certainly such slight dis- 
crepancies (which are merely in degree, and not in kind) cannot 
be regarded, in the present instance, as of more than secondary 
importance. 

The habits of both of these genera are somewhat peculiar, their 
exponents appearing to have a decided partiality for decayed wood 
in (what one would conceive to be) its least nutritive or attractive 
state; such as old, used-up planks, rotten boards, and portions of 
boxes, lying on (and often buried in) the damp earth, and, more- 
over, as much removed from the light as possible. In such posi- 
tions both of the Mesoxeni were observed (one by Sr. Moniz and 
the other by Mr. Bewicke); as also the Pentarthrum cylindricum, 
at Ascension; and, to a certain extent, indeed (i. e. amongst cut- 
up wood in an out-house, and not in the open country), the P. 
Huttoni likewise. 


32. Pentarthrum cylindricum, n. sp. (Pl. 19, fig. 5.) 


P. angusto-cylindricum, piceo-ferrugineum, subnitidum, gla- 
brum; rostro (preesertim in maribus) latiusculo, in utroque 
sexu (preecipue ad basin) sat profunde punctato, lineari, sub- 
recto, oculis magnis, leviter prominulis, fronte sub-convexa ; 
prothorace elongato cylindrico-conico, valde profunde punc- 
tato, ad latera oblique recto (quare ad basin ipsam, quam 
alibi latiore); elytris sub-rugulosis, striato-punctatis, inter- 
Stitlis minutissime seriatim punctulatis; antennis ad basin 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 399 


pedibusque vix rufescentioribus ; antennis tarsisque brevibus ; 
articulis funiculi inter se compactis, secundo reliquis (se- 
quentibus) haud longiore, capitulo ovato parvo minus abrupto; 
tarsorum articulo antepenultimo minus dilatato, praecedenti- 
bus vix latiore et obscure bilobo. 

Long. corp. lin. 13. 

Habitat in ins. Ascension, a dom. Bewicke mense Aprili a.p. 

1860 captum. 


The present Pentarthrum differs from the English P. Huttoni, 
not only in its smaller size, narrower outline, and more cylindric 
body, but likewise in its broader, shorter and more deeply punc- 
tured rostrum, more convex forehead and larger eyes, in its rather 
more transverse scutellum, its straighter and more cylindrical pro- 
thorax—the broadest part of which is at the extreme base (where 
it is of the exact breadth of the elytra), and not just before it as in 
that species,—and in its rather less rugulose elytra, which have a 
somewhat less evident tendency to be separately rounded-off at 
their respective apices. 

Many specimens of it were detected by Mr. Bewicke, during 
April of 1860, ‘in the decayed wood at the bottom of some 
boxes,” which he suspects had been used for importing plants into 
the island,—probably either ‘ from the Cape of Good Hope or the 
Mauritius.” It follows, therefore, that the insect is but a doubtful 
native of Ascension, and that its presence there may have been 
only accidental. Still, its close affinity with the British species, 
and its no distant relationship with the two Mesoxent from Madeira 
and Teneriffe, would make it at least unlikely that so remote a 
spot as the Mauritius should be its proper country,—a conclusion 
‘which its admixture (at Ascension) with a single example of the 
minute Cryphalus aspericollis, which also occurs in both the Ma- 
deiran and Canarian groups, would not tend to invalidate. 


Genus Stenotis. (PI. 19, fig. 8.) 
Woll., Ins. Mad. 316, tab. vi. f. 5 (1854). 


Concerning the present genus I have nothing to add beyond the 
remarks given in the “ Insecta Maderensia.” The excessively 
narrowed outline, pallid hue, sub-pubescent and less hardened sur- 
face of the extraordinary little weevil for which it was established,— 
which, moreover, has its antenne inserted considerably behind the 
middle of its (much porrected and slender) rostrum, its antepenul- 
timate tarsal joint considerably expanded and bilobed, and its 
prothorax and elytra straightly truncated (rather than sinuate) at 


400 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


their respective bases,—will suffice to distinguish it from all the 
other Atlantic Cossonides hitherto described. Upon the whole, 
however, it has perhaps more in common with the Pentarthra 
than with anything else here enumerated, with which in its parallel 
body and fully-developed scutellum it agrees; nevertheless, its 
7-jointed funiculus and sub-pubescent surface will of themselves 
(apart from its many other, and conspicuous, differential characters ) 
at once separate it from those insects. 


83. Stenolis acicula, Woll. 


Stenotis acicula, Woll., Ins. Mad. 316, tab. vi. f. 5 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857). 


Habitat Maderam borealem sylvaticam, rarissima, folia laurorum 
destruens, 

The S. acicula is excessively rare, and confined, so far as I have 
hitherto observed, to the laurel-woods of the densest and most 
inaccessible regions in the north of Madeira,—off the foliage of 
which I have, on three separate occasions, brushed it (though 
very sparingly). I first detected it, on the 23rd of July, 1850, in 
the remote sylvan district of the Lombo dos Peceguciros, towards 
the eastern edge of the Ribeira de Joao Delgada,—in which same 
locality I again captured it, on the 26th of the same month, in 
1855; as also, a few weeks later (on the 19th of August), in the 
Ribeira do Ponteclaro, a small tributary ravine of the Ribeira de 
Sao Jorge. 


Genus Mesires. (PI. 19, figs. 7, 9.) 
Schénherr, Gen. et Spec, Cure. iv. 1043 (1838). 


The genus A/fesites is a very important one in the Madeiran and 
Canarian islands, not so much however from the number of its 
species as from that of its individuals,—though, at the same time, 
it will probably be admitted that seven well-defined exponents are 
sufficient for us to consider it largely represented even as regards 
the former also, So far as I have hitherto observed, the Atlantic 
Mesites are either confined to the laurel-woods of intermediate 
and lofty elevations (where they do the work of devastation on a 
considerable scale), or else to the rotten Luphorbia-stems of all 
altitudes (even down to the level of the sea-shere). In the former 
case they are moulded on a large type, all more or less (and some 
very closely) related to the M. Tardii* of the south-western por- 


* The M, Tardii differs from the whole of these closely allied species (i. e. the 
three Canarian and two Madeiran ones), inter alia, in being more convex and 


the Atlantic Cossonides. % 401 


tion of the British Isles, and to the pallidipennis of the Mediter- 
ranean latitudes; the others are smaller, more or less fusiform 
(i. e. not so parallel) in outline, and are even still more gregarious 
than their allies. In both sections, however, they are eminently 
variable, as to stature,—some examples being more than double the 
size of others; so that it is necessary to have an extensive series* 
in order to determine the specific limits, and to draw out their 
several diagnoses correctly. 


§ I. Corpus plerisque sat magnum, parallelum ; femoribus omnibus 
muticis. 


34, Mesites complanatus, n. sp. 


MM. atro-piceus (rare piceus), latiusculus, valde depressus, fere 
calvus; fronte inter oculos profunde longitudinaliter fo- 
‘veolata; prothorace valde profunde et sat crebre punctato, 
distincte carinato necnon postice in medio impresso, ad Jatera 
rotundato-ampliato; elytris valde profunde crenato-striatis 
(striis magnis Jatissimis), interstitiis angustis costatis ; anten- 
nis piceis ; pedibus nigro-piceis, 

Mas.—Rostro elongato, punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem 

paulo rotundato-ampliato. 

Foem.—Rostro breviore, graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo, 
mox pone antennarum insertionem (?, e. mox ante basin ipsam) 
paulo ampliato. 

Long. corp. lin. 3—53. 

Habitat regiones editiores sylvaticas ins. Palme, sub cortice 
Jaurorum laxo hine inde sat vulgaris. 


shining, in its male rostrum being more quadrately expanded at the implantation 
of the antenne, and in that of its female sex having its small dilatation a little 
further removed from the anterior margin of the eyes, as well as by ils elytral 
interstices being less evidently punctulated. 

* I may add that, out of 1,035 specimens of the Madeiran and Canarian 
Mesites which I have lately examined (and which are exclusive of those which 
have formerly passed under my eye), I find them distributed as follows :—which 
will serve to show, inter alia, that the sexes are pretty equally abundant :— 


Ole 
complanalus..cccerecsccsees -GO 4- 69== 135 
DETSUMAULSialevalerereliele over ors elals)stelsmtel/ 0 -t-1 Oe 
MAAETENSIS cececccccccccsess GO 124—= 204 
Euphorbia escevsscsccccceee Id+-+-22== 35 
MILOLEMUS ee) eiekojelejoisieleisteleieieisio) iy ote) —— pane 
Susiformis .ccccceccceccceese 2144220 494 
pubipennis ceresssvecveccosee Of 3= 8 


510 +525 =1,035 


402 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


The present large and beautiful MZesttes (which, so far as I have 
hitherto observed, appears to be peculiar to the island of Palma), 
may be known readily from the following one by its broader out- 
line, more depressed, deeply sculptured surface, and darker hue. 
Its prothorax is wider, and more rounded at the sides than is the 
case in that insect, with its punctures considerably larger and 
less dense, and its central keel more evident; whilst its elytral 
striee are much deeper, wider, and more coarsely crenated, and 
the interstices proportionably narrower and more costate, or 
convex. I took it, not uncommonly, beneath the loose outer 
bark of the native laurels, in the dense sylvan ravines of Palma, 
at rather a high elevation, especially the Barranco da Agua and 
the Barranco de Galga,—during my residence in that island, with 
the Rev. R. T. Lowe, in May and June of 1858. 


35, Mesites persimilis, n. sp. 

M, piceus vel rufo-piceus, sub-depressus, fere calvus; fronte 
inter oculos profunde longitudinaliter foveolata ; prothorace 
sat profunde et creberrime punctato, obscure carinato necnon 
postice in medio impresso, ad lJatera minus rotundato-am- 
pliato; elytris sat profunde crenato-striatis, interstitiis paulo 
convexis ; antennis pedibusque rufescentioribus, 

Mas.—Rostro elongato, punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem 
paulo rotundato-ampliato. 

Foem.—Nostro breviore, graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo, ad 
antennarum insertionem (i.e. mox ante basin ipsam) paulo am- 
pliato. 

Long. corp. lin. 25—5. 

Habitat in locis similibus ac preecedens, sed in ins. Teneriffa 
(nec Palma). 

The M. persimilis, which abounds in certain spots within the 
sylvan regions of Teneriffe, is narrower, less depressed, more 
piceous, and (on the average) rather smaller than its Palman re- 
presentative; its prothorax, also, is less rounded, or widened at 
the sides, more closely and less deeply punctured, and with its 
central keel less distinct ; whilst its elytra have their striz very 
much narrower and less deeply crenated and their interstices 
(proportionably) broader and less convex. 

Both the present Aesttes and the last one belong more par- 
ticularly to the same type as the M. maderensis and the British 
M. Tardii ; and, indeed, the persimilis is very closely allied to the 
former,—with which I had at first imagined it to be identical. It 
may, however, be at once known from it through its almost 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 403 


entirely wanting (as in the case also with the AZ. complanatus) 
the fine elytral pubescence which is so conspicuous in the Ma- 
deiran species; its prothoracic keel, also, is more obscure; and 
its elytra are less convex, with their strize much broader, deeper 
and more coarsely crenulated. In both of these Canarian species 
the eyes are rather smaller, and more oblong than in the JZ. 
maderensis. 


86. Mesites maderensis, Woll. 


Mesites maderensis, Woll., Ins. Mad. 319 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857). 


Habitat in editioribus Maderz sylvaticze, sub cortice lauro- 
rum laxo hince inde valde gregarius. 

The M. maderensis may be regarded as representing in Ma- 
deira the Teneriffan M. persimilis,—to which, indeed, as already 
stated, it is closely allied. Like that species, it occurs beneath the 
loose bark of the native laurels, attaining its maximum at a rather 
lofty elevation, and never descending below the sylvan districts, 


37. Mesites Euphorbia, Woll. 


Mesites Euphorbia, Woll., Ins. Mad. 318 (1854). 
Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857). 

Habitat Maderam, truncos Euphorbiarum emortuos, ab ord 
maritima usque ad regiones sylvaticas crescentium, destruens. 

The present Mesties is the Euphorbia-destroying species of 
Madeira,—doing the work of destruction on apparently as large 
a scale in that island, as the AZ. fusiformis does at the Canaries. 
Up to a comparatively recent period I had observed it only in the 
rotten stems of the gigantic Luphorbia mellifera of lofty elevations ; 
but on the 23rd December, 1858, I took it in equal profusion from 
out of the decayed branches of the L. piscatoria, on the low rocky 
slopes towards Canico, to the east of Funchal,—in which locality, 
as well as in others, it has subsequently been captured both by 
Sr. Moniz and Mr. Bewicke. It is probably, therefore, indepen- 
dent of elevation, occurring indiscriminately wherever the Eu- 
phorbias are found. It may be at once known from the Canarian 
M. fusiformis and pubipennis by, inter alia, its more parallel (or 
less fusiform) outline, less shining surface, and very much paler 
(or ferruginous) hue, by its prothorax being more uniformly 
punctured (and free from the larger additional punctures which 
are there so conspicuous on the hinder portion of the dorsal line), 
by its elytra having their striz strictly crenated, instead of punc- 


404 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


tate, and the interstices minutely rugulose, by its less foveolated 
forehead, and by the antennez of its females arising just percep- 
tibly nearer to the extreme base of the rostrum. 


38. Mesites proximus, n. sp. 


M., ineequaliter badio-piceus, depressus, subopacus, fere calvus, 
fronte inter oculos profunde foveolata; prothorace dis- 
tinctius alutaceo, in disco parce et minus profunde punctato, 
carinato necnon postice in medio impresso et ibidem punctis 
maximis notato, ad latera rotundato-ampliato; elytris vix 
pubescentioribus, per suturam nigrescentibus, profunde cre- 
nato-striatis (striis latis), interstitiis subconvexis ; antennis 
pedibusque rufescentioribus, funiculi articulis breviusculis. 


_ Mas.—Rostro punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem paulo 
rotundato-ampliato. 


Fem.—Adhuc latet. 
Long. corp. lin. 23—81. 


Habitat Teneriffam, ad “Taganana” mense Maio a.p. 1859, a 
meipso repertus. 

Of this insect I can at present find but two specimens amongst 
my Canarian material, though it is very probable that more may 
be brought to light when I have had time to overhaul my 
numerous boxes more completely. ‘They offer such decided 
characters of their own, that, although unwilling to erect ad- 
ditional species without a large number of examples for compari- 
son, I cannot possibly refer them to any of the Atlantic Mesiles 
hitherto detected; though I think they have a greater affinity 
with the Madeiran M. Luphorbie than with anything else. They 
were taken by myself at Taganana, in the north of Teneriffe, 
during May, 1859; but whether in the laurel-woods on the 
mountains above the village, or in the Euphorbia-stems towards 
the coast, 1 am unfortunately unable to recall, though I am in- 
clined to suspect that they were brushed from off the foliage of 
Euphorbias in the sylvan region on the ascent to the Cumbre. 

In outline the AZ. proximus is a trifle less parallel than the 
preceding members of this section, though its elytra have only a 
faint tendency to the posterior-attenuation which is so very 
evident in the two exponents of the following one; their male- 
femora, however, have not any appearance of that obtuse, sub- 
dentiform projection, on their under side, which characterizes 
the M. fusiformis and pubipennis. It is a little smaller and more 
depressed than the persimilis, its colour is more cloudy, or un- 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 405 


equal (after the fashion of tortoise-shell), its prothorax is more 
rounded at the sides, rather coarsely alutaceous, and very much 
more finely and remotely punctured (and with comparatively 
larger additional punctures in its central basal depression), its 
elytra are more evidently (though only very slightly) sub-pube- 
scent and with their striz proportionably broader and deeper, 
and its funiculus-joints are altogether somewhat shorter and more 
compact. From the Madeiran M. Fuphorbie it may be known, 
mler alia, by its darker hue, more laterally-rounded prothorax 
(which has its hinder central punctures much more coarse), by 
its larger frontal fovea, and by its elytral striae being very much 
broader, deeper, and more distinctly crenated. 


§ IT. Corpus minus, sub-fusiforme (elytris postice sensim acuminatis); 
JSemoribus masculis subtus obtuse sub-dentatis. 
39. Mesites fusiformis, n. sp. (PI. 19, figs. 7, 9.) 

M. nigro-piceus, nitidus, depressus, fere calvus; frente inter 
oculos profunde foveolata; prothorace in disco levissime et 
parce punctulato, sat obscure carinato necnon postice in 
medio impresso et ibidem profunde sub-biseriatim punctato ; 
elytris plus minus rufescentioribus, profunde punctato-stri- 
atis, Interstitiis planiusculis, minutissime et parce punctulatis ; 
antennis pedibusque rufescentioribus, 


Mas.—Rostro punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem paulo 
rotundato-ampliato ; prothorace versus latera vix profundius den- 
siusque (quam in disco) punctato, 

I'ceem.—Rostro graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo, ad anten- 
narum insertionem (i. e. mox ante basin ipsam) paulo ampliato ; 
prothorace versus latera multo profundius densiusque (quam in 
disco) punctato, 

. , Pen 

Long. corp. lin. 14—5S. 


Habitat insulas Canarienses, ramos Euphorbiarum emortuos 
ubique destruens. 

The present Mesites and the M. pubipennis may be at once 
known from those already enumerated by their sub-fusiform out- 
line (their elytra being more or less perceptibly attenuated pos- 
teriorly), and by their male-femora being obtusely sub-dentate 
beneath ; whilst ater se they will be recognised by the AZ. fusi- 
Jormis being (like the five preceding species) free from any trace 
of the lurid pubescence which is so conspicuous in the Palman 
representative. The MW. fusiformis is, likewise, less deeply sculp- 
tured than the pubipennis; and its elytral interstices are less 


406 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on 


convex, and more sparingly (and even more minutely) punctulated. 
Although confined to the rotten stems of the various Euphorbias 
of the Canary Islands, the present insect and the following one 
are essentially distinct from the M. Luphorbie of Madeira; for 
not only do they differ in the sectional characters already pointed 
out, but {in addition to numerous other differential features) their 
elytra are much more coarsely striated (the striae, moreover, being 
punctate instead of crenate), their surface is more shining and of a 
darker hue (the head and prothorax, and sometimes even the 
elytra likewise, of the Canarian species being almost or entirely 
black); their forehead is more deeply foveolated, their prothorax 
is impressed with a few additional larger punctures in the centre 
behind, their elytral interstices are less rugulose, and the antennz 
of their female sex are implanted rather further from the extreme 
base of the rostrum. 

The M. fusiformis is most abundant throughout the Canarian 
group——Palma being the only one of the seven islands in which, 
up to the present date, I have not taken it. Being thus universal, 
however, there can be but little doubt that it must exist in Palma 
likewise; and the fact of my sojourn there, in May and June of 
1858, being somewhat late in the season for the Euphorbia insects, 
may perhaps be a sufficient explanation for its having escaped me 
in that island. Nevertheless it is certainly remarkable that the 
few specimens of the genus Mesites which I happened to secure 
whilst at Palma from the dead stems of the Euphorbias should 
have .been specifically distinct from those which obtain in 
similar positions throughout the remainder of the archipelago. 
Nor is this rendered the less curious from the circumstance, that 
the large M. persimilis, which infests the laurel-woods of Teneriffe, 
should be, also, represented in the sylvan districts of Palma by an 
allied but most conspicuous species, the MZ. complanatus! The 
M. fusiformis was first captured by myself and Mr, Gray, during 
January, 1858, out of the rotten Huphorbia-stalks in the north of 
Lanzarote; since which period I have, as just stated, found it in 
all the Canarian islands except Palma, It swarms in the various 
Euphorbias (though less, perhaps, in the FE. canariensis than in 
the others), and occurs throughout the whole Euphorbia regions, 
independent of elevation. 


40. Mesites pubipennis, n. sp. 
M. nigro-piceus, nitidus, depressus, breviter lurido-pubescens ; 
fronte inter oculos profunde foveolata; prothorace in disco 
leviter et parce punctulato, obscure carinato necnon postice 


the Atlantic Cossonides. 407 


in medio impresso et ibidem profunde sub-biseriatim punc- 
tato; elytris plus minus rufescentioribus, densius pubescen- 
tibus, valde profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexis, 
minute punctulatis ; antennis pedibusque rufescentioribus. 

Mas.—Rostro punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem paulo 
rotundato-ampliato ; prothorace versus latera paulo profundius 
densiusque (quam in disco) punctato. 

I'cm.—Rostro graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo, ad anten- 
narum insertionem (i, €. mox ante basin ipsam) paulo ampliato ; 
prothorace (preesertim versus latera) multo profundius densiusque 
(quam in disco) punctato, 

Long. corp. lin, 13—23. 


Habitat ins. Palmam, in ramis emortuis Euphorbie piscatorie- 
Maio exeunte A.D. 1858 a meipso captus. 


The distinctions between the present species and the last one 
have already been pointed out—the pubescent elytra of the 
M. pubipennis (which have their interstices more convex and 
evidently punctulated, and their strie broader and deeper), in 
conjunction with its more closely and roughly punctured pro- 
thorax (especially, however, of the female sex), being quite suf- 
ficient at once to characterize it. 

As just stated, the MM. pubipennis is apparently peculiar to 
Palma, where I took eight specimens of it from out of the decayed 
stems of the Huphorbia piscatoria, in the Barranco, above Santa 
Cruz, at the end of May, 1858. That it is no modification of the 
M. fusiformis, which is so abundant and universal throughout the 
other islands of the Canarian Archipelago, seems evident from the 
fact that that insect remains constant under the various circum- 
stances and conditions, and in the innumerable localities, in which 
it is elsewhere found—being, to all appearance, quite independent 
both of external agencies and altitude. I conclude, therefore, 
that the very decided characters of sculpture and clothing which 
distinguish the M. pubipennis are truly specific ones, and such as 
cannot be referred to local influences of any kind. 


408 Mr. John Scott’s Descriptions 


AXVI. Descriptions of Five New Species of Coleophora. 
By Joun Scorr, Esq. 


{Read Aug. 6th, 1860.] 


Coleophora Melilotella. (Pl. 17, fig. 1.) 


Antennis supra articalum basalem per squamas_ orichalceas 
manifesté incrassatis, ceterum fuscis apice albo; alis anticis 
orichalceis, nitidis, apice saturate cupreo, cillis violaceis. 

Exp. alar. 7—9". 

MMale.—Palpi, face, head and thorax bright green bronze. An- 
tenna fuscous, with a few of the terminal joints white. The 
basal joint perceptibly thickened, This, with the two following, is 
covered with bronzy-green scales. Anterior wings extremely 
bright and shining green-bronze, the apex broadly coppery, the 
Jatter colour extending also for an indefinite length along the 
costal edge. Posterior wings and cilia (of both pairs) inclining to 
violaceous. 

Female.—Palpi, face, head and thorax bronzy-green. Antenne 
dark bronze for about two-thirds of their length, the terminal 
third white. Basal joint thickened, and this, as well as the two 
following, are covered with brilliant violaceous-red bronze scales, 
Anterior wings golden bronze, tip broadly of a ruby copper, 
which colour also extends for some way along the costal edge. 
In some examples the entire outer edge is of this colour. Cilia 
violet grey. Posterior wings violaceous, inclining to bronzy-green 
at the tips; cilia as in the anterior wings. Abdomen in both sexes 
of a bronzy-green, that of the @ partaking of a silvery hue. All 
the legs are also clothed with bronzy-green scales. 

This insect on first sight bears a great resemblance to F’rischella. 
Tt is fully as large as that species and certainly as brilliant, but 
the wings are somewhat narrower and the colour has more of a 
silvery greenness about it, which will enable any one to separate 
it from Frischella, The perfect insect makes its appearance about 
the middle of July. 

In August last year I met with the larva of this species feeding 
on the seeds of Melilotus officinalis, In its young state the larva 
hollows out a single seed, which it attaches to the apex of a 
second one, upon which it commences its operations, and after 
having mined this also, it travels away with the two emptied 


of Five New Species of Coleophora. 409 


seeds, and attaches the end of one of these to the apex of a third 
seed. The case at this time has somewhat the appearance of 
three diamond-shaped beads strung together. After a little time, 
however, all the irregularities disappear, and the case becomes 
nearly cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the mouth, while the apex 
is drawn into the shape of an equilateral triangle, generally paler 
than the other portion of the case, which is a dirty-brown colour. 


Coleophora Artemisiella. (PI. 17, fig. 2.) 


Antennis albis fusco-annulatis, articulo basali incrassato; alis 
anticis albidis lineis quatuor griseo-ochreis, prima levis 
apicem versus distinctior, secunda in apice cum prima, tertia- 
que recta In apice cum secunda junctis, quarta lata ex basi 
in margine postica extensa et in tertia currente. 


ue 


Exp. alar. 5”. 


Head, face and palpi white; antennz white, annulated with 
fuscous, the basal joint thickened, white; anterior wings white, 
with four drab-coloured longitudinal streaks, all rising from the 
base of the wing. The three upper ones are all united at and for 
some distance from the base, the one next the costal edge being 
the most slender, and almost obliterated before reaching the 
costal angle, when it suddenly becomes of a deeper colour, ex- 
tends into the cilia, and at this point it is met, at an acute angle, 
by the extremity of the second streak. The middle (or second 
streak of the three) seems always inclined to branch off towards 
the costal edge, and about the middle of the wing a short streak 
is put forth; beyond this it is much broader, and joins, as stated 
above, the first streak at an acute angle. The lowest of the three 
streaks runs straight out to the dorsal edge, along which it goes 
until it joins the second streak abruptly at the anal angle. The 
fourth streak is broadest at the base of the wing; it also runs out 
to and along the dorsal edge until it joins the third. The white 
space between this and the third streak is very distinct. Cilia 
grey, with somewhat of a violet tinge. Posterior wings lead- 
coloured, faintly inclined to purple. Cilia as in the anterior pair. 
Legs white, tarsi of the posterior pair pale fuscous underneath. 
Underside of the anterior wings lead-coloured, with a slight shade 
of purple. Cilia along the costal edge greyish-white. Posterior 
pair lead-coloured, also with a purplish gloss. Cilia greyish. 

The insect is very abundant, in the larva state, at Middlesbro’, 
and may be found from the end of August to late in September. 
The perfect insect is one of those dingy-looking species which 

VOL. V. N.S, PART X.—ocT, 1861. EE 


410 Mr. John Scott’s Descriptions 


might be easily overlooked. It is nearly allied to C. Murinipenneila, 
argentula and albicans, but the first streak next the costal edge, 
running into the cilia, and the second and broadest streak of the 
four, not branching out as in the above species, will at once render 
it easy of separation from them. 

The larva feeds on Artemisia maritima, in a grey and somewhat 
cylindrical case. 


Coleophora Ardecepennella. (PI. 17, fig. 3.) 


Antennis albis angusté fusco-annulatis, basi alba, penicillo 
brevi apice fusco ; alis anticis albis costa ciliisque nigris. 
Exp. alar. 5—6”, 


Palpi, face, head and thorax pure pearly-white. Antenne 
white, narrowly annulated with pale fuscous, the basal joint hav- 
ing a short white tuft, the extreme tip of which is pale fuscous. 
Anterior wings white, with a few black scales at the costal angle ; 
the costal edge from where the cilia rise, as well as the cilia them- 
selves, are also black, the remaining cilia fuscous. Posterior 
wings dark grey; cilia the same. Legs and tarsi white, the hinder 
tarsi annulated with fuscous. Underside of the anterior wings 
blackish-fuscous, and without the whitish blotch in the cilia as in 
Ibipennella. 

‘The larva lives in a short pistol-shaped black case, which 
stands almost perpendicular to the leaf. It is somewhat after the 
shape of Anatipennella, but is not half its size, and is flatter on 
the sides than in that species. It also somewhat resembles the 
case of Ibipennella, but the different position of the mouth, as well 
_ asthe deeper blackness of this last-named species, readily distinguish 
it from Ardeepennella. ‘The larva is full fed at the end of June or 
beginning of July, and has hitherto been found only on oaks. The 
perfect insect appears towards the end of July, and might easily 
be passed by as /bipennella, but the few black scales at the costal 
angle, as well as the black cilia and costal edge from which these 
rise, readily distinguish it from Jbipennella. It is an abundant 
species in the larva state both in Dulwich and Darenth Woods. 


Coleophora politella. (Pl. 17, fig. 4.) 


Antennis albis, articulo basali brunneo vix incrassato, ceterum 
albis fusco-annulatis; alis anticis sub-angustis, apice leeté 
recurvo, aureo-brunneis, nitidis; ciliis aureo-brunneis, in 
dorso purpurascentibus. 


Kyu 


Exp. alar. 5—53", 


of Five New Species of Coleophora. 411 


Palpi, face, head and thorax shining golden brown. Antenne 
white, annulated with fuscous; the basal joint, scarcely thickened, 
is, with the next, golden-brown. Anterior wings shining golden- 
brown, rather narrow and slightly falcate at the tips. Cilia (costal) 
shining golden-brown, extending to the anal angle; the remainder 
purplish, mixed with golden brown. Posterior wings bronze- 
coloured, with greyish-brown cilia. All the legs and underside of 
the abdomen of a shining pale golden-brown colour, having a 
silvery lustre. Underside of all the wings purplish-fuscous; the 
tips of the anterior pair golden-brown. Cilia of the anterior pair 
golden-brown at the anal angle and along the costa; the remainder, 
as well as those of the posterior pair, purplish-brown. 

This insect is allied to and very much resembles C. fuscedinella, 
but the wings are much narrower than in that species, and are 
besides falcate at the tips. These characters will enable any one 
to separate it from fuscedinella. 

The larva lives in a singularly stumpy case, reminding one of a 
miniatare Viminetella, but it is rather stouter and only about one- 
half its length. The specimens from which my description has 
been made were bred from cases found by Mr. Eedles on nut-trees. 
The perfect insect appears in July. 


Coleophora Wilkinsoni. 


Antennis distincté fusco et albido annulatis, apice albo arti- 
culo basali incrassato, nitidulo; alis anticis fusco-murinis, ni- 
tidis. 

Exp. alar. 5—7”. 

Head and face mouse-coloured grey, metallic. Palpi white. 
Antenne distinctly annulated with fuscous and white to beyond 
the middle, the remaining portion white ; basal joint of the antennz 
thickened, mouse-coloured grey. Anterior wings mouse-coloured 
grey, shining. Posterior wings the same. Cilia of all the wings 
virealeroeene Hinder legs silvery white. 

This insect belongs to the/.ccifolia group of the genus, in whi cl 
the perfect insects assum¢ more or less 2 lead-coledved appear= 
ance, so that when they/are eaptured, and not bred, so great is 
their similarity to each other that the most experienced eye has a 
difficulty in distinguishing them. The insect which I have de- 
scribed as Coleophora Wilkinsoni is nearly allied to siccifolia, but 
may be distinguished from that species by the annulations on the 
antennz being only continued for about half their length, whereas 
in siccifolia the annulation is carried throughout. Again, in sicci- 

EE2 


412 Mr. John Scott on New Species of Coleophora. 


folia two or three of the basal joints seem to diminish in thickness 
until they arrive at a uniformity. In Wilkinsont the basal joint 
alone is thickened, all the others being of an uniform thickness. 
Nor do the antennz appear to be so long in the present species 
as are those of siccifolia. The hinder legs have a silvery-white 
appearance, and when the light falls upon the tarsi in certain di- 
rections they appear annulated. 

The larva mines the birch-leaves in August and September. 
The case appears to be made of a portion of the leaf of the food 
plant, and is of a dark brown colour, growing deeper, through 
various atmospheric causes, after the larva has retired to complete 
its transformation. ‘The case somewhat resembles those of Vi- 
minetella and politella, but it is longer than the latter and not so 
long as the former, neither is it bicolored as in these two species. 
A great character in the formation of the case of Wilkinsoni is a 
rounded projection towards the middle, on its underside, of a 
greater or lesser size, the lower edge of which is parallel with the 
mouth of the case, and rests upon the leaf both while the larva is 
feeding and in a state of repose. ‘This insect cannot be con- 
founded with the birch-feeding species for which the name of 
betulifolia (Ent. Annual, 1858, p. 115) was proposed, because in 
the Ent. Annual, 1857, p. 134, this species is described with a case 
similar to siccifolia. 

I have named the insect after Mr. Thomas Wilkinson, of Scar- 
borough, who has bred it now for four years, and who was the 
first to call my attention to its peculiarities. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 


1858—1859. 


February 11, 1858, 
F. Smirn, Esq., in the Chair. 


The Secretary read a letter from the President of the Society, Dr. J. E. Gray 
(who was unavoidably absent), in which he nominated as Vice-Presidents for the year 
W. W. Saunders, Esq., J. O. Westwood, Esq., and F. Smith, Esq. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 
donors :—‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. xxii., Part 2; presented by the 
Society. ‘ Mémoires d’Eutomologie publiés par la Societé Entomologique des Pays- 
Bas,’ Livraisons 1,2 & 3; by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 25; by W. W. 
Saunders, Esq. ‘Genera des Coléoptéres,’ Tome iv.; by the Author, Prof. Lacor- 
daire. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. ix., No. 28; by the Society. ‘The 
Literary Gazette’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ 
for January; by the Editor. ‘ Biographical Notice of the late Professor Carlo Pas- 
serini.” ‘The Zoologist’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘ Description de Longicornes 
Nouveaux du vieux Calabar, par M. A. Chevrolat; by the Author, ‘ Linnea Ento- 
mologica,’ Zwolfte Baud ; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. 


Election of a Member. 


R. B. Were, Esq., 35, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road (formerly a Subscriber to 
the Society), was balloted for and elected a Member. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited some Lepidoptera and Coleoptera sent from Port Natal by 
M. Gueinzius: amongst the former were specimens of Charaxes Zoolina, Salamis 
Cloantha, and some beautiful species of Bombycide ; also an Adela closely resembling 
the A. Degeerella of Europe: the Coleoptera included Hypselogenia geotrupina, 
Stérnetornus Bohemanni, Eunostus Gueinzii, and eight species of Paussus. 

B 


2 


Mr. Stevens observed that Eunostus Gueinzii was stated by M. Gueinzius to be 
nocturnal in its habits, and this appeared to be generally the case with pale-coloured 
insects: the pale Megacephala taken by Mr. Bates on the Amazon was said by him 
to be a strictly nocturnal species. 

Mr. Smith observed, in corroboration of this theory, that the pale-coloured Vespa 
Doryloides, Sauss., lately sent home by Mr. Wallace from Borneo, was said to be 
found at night only, which was the more interesting as no other species of wasp was 
yet known to be nocturnal. 


The following notes, which accompanied the collection exhibited by Mr. Stevens, 
were communicated by M. Gueinzius :— 


On the Habits of Pausside, &c. 


“‘ Except the specimens of Pausside which have been atiracted by candle-light, I 
have never found a specimen elsewhere than in ants’ nests, except one, and that anew 
species, in this collection, which I found in the hot sunshine, sitting upon a blade of 
grass, no doubt quite accidentally. They all live with species of ants which are car- 
nivorous: Cerapterus, Pleuropterus and Pentaplatarthrus with different larger species, 
but the true Paussi seem to live only with our small species; at least I have found P. 
cucullatus, P. Dohrnii, P. Latreillii, P. Shuckardii, and three other species in the 
collection, all with one and the same species. 

“ One night last summer I heard a slight tap on a window-pane, as from a grain 
of gravel: upon going out with the candle I found it was a Paussus (similar to 
Dohrnii), of which I had not seen a specimen for some years: not half an hour after- 
wards I heard the same sound on the same window, and found a second specimen. 
Although I did not observe the sex, there is little doubt that the first specimen was a 
female, and the second a male. In a number of instances I have observed that the 
females of Coleoptera move some time before the males. I observed one morning a 
female Eudicella Smithii settle on a branch of a shrub before my door; not half an 
hour after I had removed it a male had settled on the very same spot. An enormous 
female Sternotornis niveisparsa (attracted by the candle) will strike the window so as 
nearly to break the pane, when some time after the smaller-sized male will arrive at 
the same window. In the same way, and under the same circumstances, I have ob- 
tained two rare species of smaller Scarites, always in pairs; and so it appears that 
these beetles are able to trace the flight of the opposite sex through the air, a good 
while alter it has passed. Paussi appear in the mouth of November, and last during 
the whole season until April: their caustic juice is squirted out of the sides of the 
abdomen; part of it evaporates immediately as a blue smoke, distinctly visible by sun- 
light; the remainder covers both sides of the elytra, and remains as a whitish or pale 
yellow unctuous matter. I have repeatedly found P. Latreillii in the act of copulation 
in ants’ nests. The specimens are nearly always found in the part of the nest where 
the eggs and pupe are deposited; and although I have never yet observed a Paussus 
in the act of feeding, yet, from the great and mysterious attachment which the ants 
show them, I am inclined to believe that they feed upon the spoil which the ants con- 
vey into the nests, rather than upon their eggs or pupe: I believe, likewise, that the 
eges of the Paussi are there deposited and bred, and it is not impossible that their 
larvee ave fed by the ants as their own offspring. The sunny sides of the margins of 
forests are the places where Paussi are generally met with; a piece of old dry wood is 


3 


seldom found without an ants’ nest beneath it (stones get too hot in the sun): when 
the weather is very dry they remain below ground, but when moist they ascend and 
carry their eggs and pupe to the surface under the wood: when this shelter is care- 
fully lifted up on one side, I have often observed a Paussus (P. Dobrnii, cucullatus or 
Latreillii), surrounded and covered with ants, apparently sucking nourishment out of 
him, and fondling him all the time with their antenna, as they do the Aphides and 
larve of Centroti, and other lamellicorn Coleoptera found with ants. 

“When the alarm is given in a nest, and all is hurry and bustle to save eggs and 
pup, two or three ants will seize the sluggish Paussus by the antenne, and he is 
quickly hurried below with the rest. I can discern no difference in the odour emitted 
by P. cucullatus and P. Laveillii, when exploding, and that which is perceived on 
opening an ants’ nest on a hot day.” 


Captain Cox exhibited some diagrams illustrating the economy of Scolytus 
destructor, and read the following communication, pursuant to notice given at the 
last Meeting :— 


On the Ravages of Scolytus destructor. 


“Ten years have nearly elapsed since the Royal Botanic Society of London 
awarded me their medal, and had my Paper (read before the Society in 1848) published 
for distribution among the Fellows and Members. Mr. R. Marnock (the Curator) 
then stated ‘that the results of the operations recommended in that Paper had been 
most satisfactory, and had proved highly beneficial to the trees.’ As I feel certain 
that I shall nearly stand alone in the views I have taken of the habits of the Scolytus 
destructor, it is most essential that I should avail myself of the powerful testimony of 
the award made by the Royal Botanic Society of London, and of the report of the 
Curator, to assist me in bringing conclusive evidence before you that we are now per- 
fectly acquainted with the true habits of the Scolytus destructor, and the means of 
arresting its future progress; it is most peculiarly fitting now that Science should step 
in and prove that over one pest at least we have power, and if not made use of the fault 
lies entirely with the public. 

“ Among the various pests that are constantly claiming attention by their 
obnoxious powers, the Scolytus destructor holds no mean rank: the elm is one 

~of the most useful trees we have in this country; it suits our climate, is extremely 
ornamental and flourishes where others would not thrive so well, its timber is made 
use of in various ways, and therefore its preservation is alike advantageous to our 
ornamental parks and woodland scenery. Previous to 1840 the Scolytus destructor 
was known, but its habits not perfectly understood: it was during the formation of the 
Royal Botanic Gardens that my attention was first directed to the sickly state of the 
elms forming the belt of the inner circle of the Regent’s Park ; the axe was constantly 
being applied, and large and increasing gaps pointed to where the trees had stood 
and where destruction was going on: on enquiring of the parties laying out the 
grounds as to the cause of the premature decay of these fine young trees, I was 
informed that ‘some had perished by having an inner embankment formed to prevent 
“parties outside the garden from looking over, and consequently a portion of earth had 
been raised round their stems, and that others had died, and were dying from their 
roots entering the gravel.” Now, if this latter information were true, I could not 
understand why the circle of trees, separated by only a few yards from them, and 


A 


forming the next circle, were healthy, all being of the same age. In all cases where 
the destruction was going on I found the Scolytus in great profusion: on mentioning 
this circumstance to the Curator, the old stereotyped answer came in due form, ‘ that 
this beetle always attacked sickly and deceased elms, and were since to be found in all 
places where this timber had fallen or had been conveyed, either decaying along the 
road-side or drawn into the timber-yard.’ Now, in the first place, I was not satisfied 
in my own mind that the trees were perishing from the assigned causes; the coinci- 
dence was too remarkable not to be noticed, and I felt sure that there was something 
more than the embanking and gravel to account for the rapid death of so many young 
trees in different parts of the belt, more especially as my attention had been called, in 
1842, to the state of the trees in St. James’ Park; with a very little reflection I felt 
convinced that insects had something at least to do with the matter, and that among 
them, if the Scolytus destructor were not the first and absolute cause, their presence 
acted most injuriously by still more disabling the already impeded circulation of the 
sap: being fully impressed, after further close and most attentive examination into 
the subject, of their powerful influence, I made it my business to study their habits, 
and soon became so far master of them that I was induced, in 1843, to read a paper 
upon the subject before the Royal Botanic Society, aud detailed a mode of treatment 
I felt almost certain would succeed: as the trees in the park belong to Her Majesty’s 
Woods and Forests, the Council of the Society applied for permission to allow me to 
experiment upon some, and a row of eighteen, fairly selected, were placed at my 
disposal. 


“ The following eighteen trees were granted by the Commissioners of Woods and 
Forests in 1843 :— 


No. Scolytus. Cossus. Condition —1843. Condition—1847. Condition—1849, 
1 of 0 Slightly. Nearly recovered. Recovered. 
2 3 a Most severely, dying. Dead. Dead, removed. 
3 a6 FA Most severely. Nearly recovered. Recovered. 
4 0 53 Slightly. Recovered. Do. 
5 s Do. Do. Do. 
6 % 0 Do. Do. Do. 
vf 3 5 Severely. Do. Do. 
8 ee ‘ Slightly. Do. Do. 
9 - - Most severely. Nearly recovered. Do. 
10 0 3 ‘Slightly. Recovered. Do. 
Ll <3 e Very severely. Do. Do. 
12 0 5 Slightly. Do. Do. 
13 cS 5 Very severely. Do. Do. 
14 0 55 Slightly. Do. Do. 
15 +5 zs Most severely. Nearly recovered. Do, 
16 0 Pa Do. Do. Do. 
17 a uN Slightly. Do. Do. 
18 0 55 Most severely Do. Do. 


* The presence of either Scolytus destructor or Cossus larve is indicated by ,, 
according to the heading of the column in which they appear. 


4) 


“From this table the condition of the trees will be seen previous to being sub- 
mitted to my plan. Now, before we procéed to speak of treatment, there are two very 
important stages to be settled: first, is the tree diseased before it is attacked by the 
Scolytus? and, in the second place, does the attack of the Scolytus prove injurious to 
the tree? 

“ As regards the condition of the tree, I think we had in the Garden of the Royal 
Botanic Society a sufficient number of sickly ones to enable us to come to a very fair 
conclusion. The number first planted was 242; in 1843, 67 had a healthy appear- 
ance; 66 were attacked by the Scolytus, LO by the larve of Cossus Ligniperda ; 
99 had sickened or died, and had been cut down, 62 of which sprouted again, and 37 
quite perished. With respect to the condition of the healthy ones, the embankment 
equally adjoined them in places; but of the 18 that were allotted to me no embank- 
ment existed ; therefore this could not have been the cause of Nos. 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 
15, 16 and 18 having such a sickly appearance; and if it arose from their roots pene- 
tating a gravelly soil, the mere fact of partially barking could by no possibility restore 
them to health and vigour. I think we may fairly say that this is a self-evident pro- 
position. And, again, what is the appearance of a tree languishing from defective 
soil? We see it first in the leaf, which is small and unhealthy in colour; the termi- 
nal branches next gradually decay, piece.after piece breaking away, until the longer 
branches present what is generally called a ‘stag-horned appearance,’ and the tree 
finally perishes; but this is not brought about in a day or a week, being usually the 
affair of some few years, for as long as nutriment can be obtained the crippled tree 
exists in its withering and fading condition. But when we find a tree dead, with ter- 
minal branches profuse and perfect, we certainly, under ordinary circumstances, 
should not say that tree had died from defective nutrition in the svil, but that, from 
some cause -or another, it had suddenly, as it were, come to an untimely end; and 
such a tree we had in the Gardens; I watched it in its beauty, and in three years saw 
it cut down and carried away dead; but what a sight met cur view on removing the 
bark !—the surface of the trunk, as many gentlemen will remember (for I exhibited a 
piece of it, 3 feet long, before this Society), was beautifully scored by the lateral tubes 
of the Scolytus larve ; and we reckoned that this solitary tree gave birth to no less 
than the prodigious number of 280,000 perfect insects! Well may we be transfixed 
with astonishment; but the greater wonder is that an elm should still be found to 
grace our ornamental parks. I may now fairly presume to state that the 18 sickly 
trees were not in the least suffering from defective nourishment at the roots, nor had 
their stems been embanked in soil; and yet many of them were evidently dying; but 
one thing was very apparent, namely, that in proportion to the sickly condition of the 
tree so we found the increase of Scolyti. And this leads us to the second question, — 
Does the attack of the Scolytus prove injurious to the tree ? 

“ The Scolytus destructor is known to many present; it is a small dark beetle, be- 
longing to the family Bostricide of Leach. When the first warmth of spring sets in 
the perfect insect escapes from beneath the bark, by eating its way out; the female 
soon after selects a tree for the purpose of depositing her ova; she commences her per- 
foration always beneath a little projecting piece of bark at the upper end of a crack ; 
she bores inwards and upwards until on the surface of the alburnum, when she ascends 
direct; the tube thus formed is from 2 to 3} inches in length, 3ths of a line in diame- 
ter, aud of equal size throughout, except at a short distance from its entrance, where 
a small cavity is usually found sufliciently large to allow the parent insect to turn ; on 


6 


each side, in small crenules, she deposits her eggs as she advances, and closes the 
aperture with some plastic material; the number of eggs is in proportion to the length 
of tube (and this is very much influenced by the condition of the under surface of 
the bark, for if the Scolyti abound the parent ceases boring, so as not to perforate the 
workings of another when she approaches it) ; only a small septum divides each; there 
are generally from 60 to 70. On bursting their shells the young larve immediately 
commence feeding on the last deposit of alburnum; they at first form parallel trans- 
verse lines or tubes, which are seen to gradually enlarge and diverge, and are filled 
with exuvie as the larve progress onwards; their increasing size now oblige those 
larve first hatched to bore downwards, the centre ones outwards, and the jast upwards ; 
here they continue to feed during the summer, autumn and winter (if mild): when 
full-grown they form a case, in which they change to the pupa state; and then, at the 
end of May or beginning of June, they eat their way out through the substance of the 
bark, and leave those shot-like holes showing their plan of exit: they now fly about 
fur a short time, and then the females commence the process for perpetuating their 
species, by laying their eggs. I believe after they have once commenced boring and 
depositing their ova they never take wing again: as soon as the female has deposited 
all her eggs, with her head pointing inwards, she dies at the entrance of her tube, 
thus, as it were, even in death performing a maternal duty, by closing the aperture to 
her young ones with ber dead body. It is very rare to find a parent tube without the 
insect, Although no doubt they occasionally become a prey to various smaller insects. 
It is the frass the female ejects from the tube that leads to the detection of the pre- 
sence of the brood, for were it not for this fortunate circumstance we should never be 
apprised of the destruction going on within the tree until the ee of the mature 
insect, in spring, shows the exit-holes. 

“ J will not trespass more now into detail, but simply state ‘that each family will 
destroy nearly four square inches of bark. Granting, therefore, even the possibility of 
the Scolyti being attracted by the sickening state of a tree, here we find one parent 
insect has the power of destroying a large portion of bark, and consequently must 
rapidly hasten the final decay. No doubt where the insect abounds it will perforate 
the bark of fresh-hewed timber; but I have never found one specimen in an elm 
whose juices were dried up. Therefore, irrespective of the cause of disease, it must 
be unanimously granted that an insect which can destroy four square inches of bark 
by detaching it from the alburnum must prove highly destructive, and, whilst permit- 
ted to remain, frustrate any attempt to restore health. If, in the absence of any 
trne and logical cause, we have found elm trees sickening and dying, and their bark 
bearing the unequivocal signs of the Scolyti, and simply by a process of partial bark- 
ing and removing the Scolyti larve, we arrest the decay of those not too far advanced, 
and in a comparatively short period restore them to health and beauty, we have every 
rational right to infer that the Scolyti, and the Scolyti alone, were the aggressors in 
the first instance, and destroyers in the second; and still more, that when we find the 
whole of the diseased trees in the Royal Botanic Gardens perfectly recovered in 
1849, and now (1858) bearing all the impress of vigour, so that in many the fearful 
sears once made are now hidden from sight, and buried by the overlapping of suc- 
ceeding yearly deposits, I think this Society will ask no further proofs at my hands of 
the sound and practical results that have followed the simple and easy process of par- 
tial barking; that the lapse of so many years establishes beyond a doubt its great 
utility ; and that, in the absence of any other advanced system for arresting the spread 


7 


of the Scolyti in particular, this plan ought to be strongly advocated ere another year 
sends forth its thousands to still more diminish the number of these noble and beauti- 
ful ornaments to our parks and pleasure-grounds. 

“The plan I adopt for destroying the insect is very simple: as the frass always 
indicates the aperture to the tube,-and as this always ascends directly upwards, so by 
paring off the old exuvial bark we lay bare the tube and completely destroy the young 
brood. I strongly advocate clearing off all the oid bark of elms where the Scolyti 
abound: in the first place, the trees actually seem to improve by the process; in the 
next place, the Scolyti cannot find the shelter of the overhanging bark, and therefore 
are more liable to become the prey of birds; and finally, you detect at once the 
presence of any fresh attack. I believe the process adopted in France, of taking the 
whole bark off down to the alburnum, is fraught with great risk; it did not succeed in 
a tree that I saw, nor can I conceive a more unnatural operation. I merely cut the 
insect out, the tree is scarcely injured by the process, and a few years obliterates all 
trace of the operation. The instrument I prefer is a simple draw-shave, known to 
coopers and carpenters; it is very easily used, and answers the purpose admirably: in 
using it all we have to do is to cut down to the parent tube, and then lay bare the 
lateral tubes to their end, taking care that no larve remain; the healthy alburnum is 
therefore not injured, ‘ causa sublata eger verelescit.’ ” 


Mr. 8. 8. Saunders read a paper intituled “ Observations on the Habits of the 
Dipterous Genus Conops,” and exhibited the larva, pupa and imago of a species of 
that genus, which he had reared from Pompilus audax. 

Mr. Westwood read the description of a new genus of Carabideous insects, be- 
longing to the Scaritides, having the outward appearance of the Heteromerous genus 
Adelostoma (differing from all the known Searitides in the opaque surface of the 
body), and remarkable for the two deep oblique canals on the under side of the head, 
united behind in front of the very small neck, and within which thé antenne are 
lodged when at rest. The genus is founded ona single species recently sent from 
the River Amazon by Mr. Bates, to which Mr. Westwood applied the name of 
Solenogenys fada. 

Part VI. of the current volume of the Society’s ‘Transactions’ was on the 
table. 


March 1, 1858. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 
donors :—* The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xviii. 
Part 2; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean 
Society,’ Vol. ii. No.7; by the Society. ‘The Natural History Review, Vol. v. 
No. 1; by the Dublin University Zoological Association. ‘ List of the Specimens of 
Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,’ Part xiii. Noctuide ; 
by the Author, Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Zoologist’ for March; by the 
Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February; by the Editor. ‘The 


8 


Literary Gazette’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for January; by 
the Editor, ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 67 tv 74; by H.T. 
Stainton, Esq. 

Exhibitions. 

Mr. Smith exhibited a box of insects sent him by Mr. Foxcroft, by whom they 
were captured in the Free Town Garden and suburbs of Sierra Leone, in December 
last. The Lepidoptera included Papilio Hippocoon and P. Pylades, a fine Charaxes, 
apparently the female of C. Brutus, and both sexes of Euchromia instructa. Amongst 
the Coleoptera were Tetralobus flabellicornis, Stermotomis mirabilis and S. regalis, 
Prosopocera bipunctata aud Dirphya, n. s. 

Mr. Smith also exhibited a Coleopterous insect allied to the genus Myrmedonia, 
which he had found amongst a number of specimens of the driver ant (Anomma Bur- 
meisteri), sent from Sierra Leone with the before-mentioned collection. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited some beautiful Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, taken by 
Mr. Wallace in Ke and Aru Islands, near New Guinea, of which the most remarkable 
were the sexes of a variety of Ornithoptera Priamus, and the pupa-case from 
which a female specimen had been bred, Papilio Enchenor, P. Ormenus, P. 
Ambrax, Hestia D’Urvillii, some fine species of Drusilla and beautiful Erycinide, 
mostly hitherto unknown, Cocytia D’Urvillii, and some singular Geometre, &c. The 
Coleoptera included three handsome species of Eupholus, a gigantic new Mecocerus, 
several brilliant Buprestide, some fine and new Lomoptere, numerous species of the 
Papuan genus Tmesisternus, and a nuble Batocera, very distinct from all the known 
species of the genus. 

Mr. Smith exhibited some Hymenoptera captured by Mr. Wallace in the Aru 
Islands; amongst the more remarkable were a species of Zuthus, entirely of a tine 
brassy green colour, a new and beautiful species of Tremex, several very beautiful 
Powmpili, and numerous Formicide ; amongst tle latter the finest species of Myrmica 
perhaps hitherto discovered; three species of Odontomachus, and sume entirely new 
forms of the genus Polyrhachis. 

Mr. Westwood observed that it was extremely interesting to see the fine Papilios, 
&e., which had been found seventy years ago by the Dutch in the Islands of the 
Indian Archipelago, and since almost forgotten, were now being re-discovered and 
sent to this country in such adimirable preservation: the best thanks of entomologists 
were due to Mr. Wallace and those who, like him, hazarded their lives in unhealthy 
tropical climates to collect objects of Natural History, and he trusted they would 
receive the pecuniary reward they so well merited. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited a Tortrix of the genus Carpocapsa, allied to C. splen- 
dana of Europe, which had been bred by Mrs. Wood, of St. Leonards, from one of the 
“jumping seeds” sent from Mexico by Mr. Lettsom, and exhibited at the Meeting of 
the Society in October last: he observed that, according to a long statement on the 
subject which had appeared in the ‘Journal des Debats, some of these seeds had 
lately been received at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, where the larva had been pro- 
nounced to be Coleopterous ; but the specimen exhibited proved the correctness of the 
opinion entertained by entomologists in this country, that they belonged to a Lepi- 
dopterous insect. The question as to the mode in which the inclosed larve are able 
to execute the jerking movements exhibited by the seeds remained still an interesting 
question, for, supposing they were caused by the caterpillar adupting a process similar 
to that employed by the cheese-hopper, it must be regarded as a solitary instance of 
such action amongst lepidopterous larve. 


A a toe 


Ame wane t 
ee Eee oe 


9 


Mr. Westwood also exhibited the larva of Drilus flavescens, which had been sought 
for in vain in snail-shells during the excursions of the Society at Reigate, where the 
males were not uncommon. He had received the larva from a correspondent who had 
found it in a snail-shell, and it agreed with the figures which had been published in 
France, where its transformations had attracted considerable attention some years ago, 
and where the female had been described as a distinct genus, under the name of 
Cochlevetonus. 

Dr. Gray observed that this larva was known to Petiver one hundred years ago. 

Mr. 8. S. Saunders exhibited two specimens of Leptoderus Hohewartii (Stagobius 
troglodytes, Schiodte, Trans. Ent. Soc., N.s., v. 1, pl. 9, figs. 1, 1 a), one of the blind 
beetles from the Proteus Cave at Adelsberg, in South Austria. The species, which 
pertains to the Silphadz (although the extraordinary elongation of the antenne and 
legs give it an appearance quite dissimilar to that of any other genus in the family), 
was found by Mr. Saunders on a large Stalactite in the deepest part of the cave. 

Mr, Smith exhibited some Hymenoptera and their nests, sent from Port Natal by 
M. Gueinzius, and read the following note communicated by him :— 


On the Habits of the Hymenoptera of Natal. 


“A species of Stilbum lays its eggs on the collected caterpillars stored up by 
Eumenes tinctor, which constructs a nest of mud and attaches it to reeds, &c., not 
in single cells, but a large mass, in which cells are excavated, similar to the nest of 
Chalicodoma micraria. How does the fly, with such an apparently weak instrument, 
penetrate such a structure? First, it uses it as a gimlet, and when its point has a 
little penetrated, then as a saw or rasp: it likewise feels with its ovipositor, aud, finding 
an unfinished or an empty cell, it withdraws it immediately, without laying an egg. 
A great number of insects breed annually in my house, for which purpose I have 
always a door or window open to give them free ingress and egress. I once observed 
a wasp (Synagris calida), flying about my door; I attempted to catch it, when it flew 
off, but I observed that it returned again and again; at length I noticed some fresh 
clay stuck on the door, indicating an intention of building: I was anxious to observe 
its movements and to reconcile it to my standing the door quite back, inwards; this I 
effected by partly closing it and then watching the return of the insect with its clay ; 
when it was settled, and was eagerly engaged, I moved the door slowly and carefully, 
and thus by degrees, in the course of two days, I had the satisfaction to see the 
Synagris during its building operations: it soon became accustomed to the closest ob- 
servation, and took no notice of me. One day the Synagris, having finished a cell, 
and not having time to commence a new one, had to perch on the exposed nest 
during the night; the light of my candle, however, attracted it, and it flew into the 
room, and took shelter behind a window-curtain until the morning. This insect 
collects the larve of Catocala and other Noctuide which secrete themselves in the 
fissures of tree-bark, between seed-vessels or contracted leaves. JI once observed this 
Synagris sitting on the leaves of a fine Zinnia elegans; it wandered about as a pointer 
dog would do, inserting its long maxille here and there, and getting more and more 
excited every moment; at length it began to buzz Joudly, and struggling it drew forth 
at last a hidden caterpillar from the middle of one of the flowers of the Zinnia. No 
tiger could have been more furious over its prey: with what fury it ran its sting into 
the abdomen of its helpless victim again and again, and with what a buzz of savage 
glee it dragged it about frum leaf to leaf! at length, striding over it, the caterpillar 

C 


10 


lay motionless, but the suckers of its feet stuck fast, the wasp then had to stop to 
loosen them; this it did very cleverly by curving its abdomen like a hook under the 
belly of the caterpillar, using its point like a lever; the stoppages occurred so 
frequently that the wasp got tired of them, so, turning the caterpillar on its back, all 
further obstruction was avoided. 

“Large spiders and caterpillars become immediately motionless on being stung, 
and I cannot help thinking that the poisonous acid of Hymenoptera has an antiseptic 
and preserving property; for caterpillars and locusts retain their colours weeks after 
being stung, and this, too, in a moist situation under a burning sun. 

*“ Anthidium cordatum. This insect forms its cells of vegetable down, glued toge- 
ther with a balsam or resin, which it procures from a flower which exudes a brown 
balsam ; with this it glues the hair together. I have frequently seen the Anthidium 
in the middle of the flowers, and have no doubt this is the plant which supplies the 
materials for its nest. I think the plant belongs to the Euphorbiacew; it is described 
by Thunberg in ‘ Flora Capensis.’ 

“ Pelopeus chalybeus. A number of this insect annually make their nests under 
my verandah; these they construct in the hollow tubes of the bamboo. Having 
stored up a number of spiders, they resort to the forest, where I have seen them scrape 
the white birds’ dung off the leaves of plants; this they moisten with saliva into a 
pulp, shape it into a lump, and carry it off. With this material they construct the 
divisions between the cells. 

“ Anthophora ? This bee infests the walls of my house inside and out; 
there is not a single hollow or hole that is not tenanted by one of these industrious, 
tame and stingless little bees. The hotter the weather becomes the harder they work. 
They appear twice in the season, November and February. When prevented from 
going abroad they are not idle, but busy themselves in enlarging and cleaning out 
their nests; this I have frequently heard them doing in the middle of the night. This 
bee has a parasite; it is a Crocisa; it inserts its antenne into the cells to ascertain if 
there is a store of pollen collected; if it finds the owner at home it tries to squeeze 
past it; if the passage is too narrow it lays hold of the poor bee, and pulls him out of 
his own door; the bee, without taking any notice of the intruder, flies away after its 
own business. This Crocisa has the same habit as many other species of Apide, 
namely, that when at rest it does not sit down, but lays hold with its mandibles of the 
outermost points of a twig or shrub, keeping its body out in a horizontal position. A 
number of species, probably all males, may be found every evening, occupying similar 
situations, attached to twigs, blades of grass, &c. It is a strange sight to see a grass 
or shrub bearing a number of gray, brown or black hairy bees in the place of seeds or 
flowers. 

“The large (Sphex) Pompilus preys upon a very large hairy spider, which lives 
in thatched roofs, under verandahs, &c. I have seen this spider fly in the greatest 
terror from the Sphex, who, however, soon overtook him; the spider kept his enemy 
at a distance with his long legs fur some time, until, exhausted at last, it drew its legs 
close to its body and remained motionless ; the Sphex, like a tiger, was soon upon him, 
and, thrusting his sting into his thorax, soon rendered him motionless; the Sphex 
then, walking backwards, dragged his victim out of doors. 

“T have noticed two large species of Xylocopa; the first black, with a ferrugi- 
nous thorax, the male of which closely resembles the female; the second black, with 
long white hairs on the margin of the abdomen; both excavate dead branches, posts, 


| 


11 


&e. The male of the latter species I have reason to believe is a large yellow one. 
Two years ago I broke a hollow fence post, in which I found a species of Xylocopa ; 
the females were black, the males of a pale fulvous colour. This species was of 
a smaller size.” 


‘Mr. S. Stevens exhibited an entomological store-box lined with Croggon’s patent 
felt, instead of cork, for which, he observed, it appeared to be a tolerably good and 
very cheap substitute. 

Mr. Stevens announced that Mr. Shield proposed to visit Bahia or Paraguay, in 
search of insects and other objects of Natural History, and was anxious to obtain sub- 
scribers to enable him to do so. 


Mr. Stainton read the following 


Note on a curious little Geometra taken in London by Mr. Hunter. 


“Some years ago Mr. Hunter met with a little species of Geometra, apparently of 
the genus Acidalia, in his garden in Bloomsbury Street. The specimen was unfortu- 
nately much injured on one side, and the other side was not so brightly marked as 
could have been wished ; yet enough was left to show that it belonged to none of our 
existing species. 

“In 1855 I examined this specimen, and referred it to the circuitaria of Hubner, 
remarking at the time, ‘No good figure of this exists, from which it may be assumed 
that I did not find a complete agreement between the insect and Hibner’s figure. 
The reason of this is now obvious: Hwbner's figure of circuitaria is cited by Guenée 
as an excellent figure ; hence it cannot be intended for Mr. Hunter's insect. 

“* Mr. Huntev’s insect thus loses the name by which it has passed current for two 
years, and what is to become of it? We all remember how we were startled by the 
announcement of Eriopus Latreillii having been bred at 24, Bloomsbury Street, and 
when I again looked at the little Acidalia I was haunted by lurking suspicions that, 
perhaps, what I had before me was only another case of accidental importation. 

“ Having been lately working at the genus Acidalia, I had the markings of each 
species fresh in my recollection, and I became very strongly convinced that this speci- 
men must be placed near bisetata and trigeminata, in spite of the great difference in 
the ground colour. 

“ Referring again to Guenée’s volume, I found, almost immediately following 
trigeminata, a species which not only answers our purpose of giving a name to Mr. 
Hunter's late circuitaria, but also affords us an explanation of the peculiar habitat of 
London for a new British Geometra. 

“ The insect in question is Acidalia herbariata and Fischer’s figure of pusillaria is 
referred to as the best representation of the insect. The first glance at Fischer's figure 
was anything but reassuring: instead of the powdery-looking insect I had before me 
I saw a bright neat insect, with a well-defined dark central band. Not content with 
the figure, I referred to the description, which I found far more satisfactory. 

“ The ground colour of all the wings is pale loam-colour, mixed with black scales, 
which form fascie and strige, whence the markings appear blackish gray. The space 
between the base and the middle fascia is dull; the fascia is in many specimens ‘ very 
dark’; it seems to have been one of these that Fischer has figured ‘ broadest at an 
externally protruding point in which is a black dot, narrowest below the middle, 


12 


being rather broader again on the inner margin.’ In the broader parts the pale ground 
colour appears through as spots. Beyond the fascia and parallel to it is a line, often 
very dark, behind which the space to the fringes is clouded with dark and bisected 
into two equal parts by a wavy line of the pale ground colour; the inner portion of 
these dark parts has below the middle two contiguous short streaks or spots pointing 
towards the cilia,—a character which no specimen is without. 

“On the posterior wings are similar markings, except the central fascia, which is 
replaced by a dark cloudy stripe which borders the duller basal portion; beyond it 
near the following line and not far from the costa is a black longish punkstrich. 

“ The elongate form of the central spot of the posterior wings is well shown in 
Fischer’s figure, and is perceptible in Mr. Hunter’s specimen, and the two dark teeth 
so especially mentioned by Fischer are the most conspicuous markings of the anterior 
wiugs ; hence, in spite of Fischer’s very different-looking figure, I feel confident that 
his insect and Mr. Hunter’s are the same. 

“ Now, how do we account for the insect occurring in London? One-half of the 
world little knows how the other half lives ; and we may suppose that one-half of the 
geometric larve have little conception of what the other half feed npon. At any rate 
the tastes of this particular insect are very peculiar. It does not feed on a fungus like 
our other London friend, Boletobia fuliginaria, it does not feed on lichens or moss. 
On what then? On the dried plants in collections. 

“* We read in Fabricius, Supp. p. 457, ‘ Habitat in herbariis folia plantarum exsic- 
catarum exedens. Mus. Dom. Bosc.’ 

“ T supposed Dom. Bose was anything but pleased at this new collecting ground 
opened out to him; butif it be sothat a geometric larva finds nutriment in dried 
plants it is well we should know of it, as a looper casually observed in a herbarium 
would be supposed to be there quite by accident. 

*“« On referring again to Fischer we read that ‘ the perfect insect occurs at the end 
of July on palings and walls near houses, often indeed in houses, but especially in ware- 
houses where dried plants are kept, since the larva feeds exclusively on dried plants, 
and as far as we know never touches green ones.’ 

“Tt feeds all through winter on these dry plants, and is sometimes very injurious 
to herbaria, changes in June to a pupa ina slight cocoon in a corner or between dried 
leaves, and in ten days or a fortnight the perfect insect appears. 

* Now the whole mystery seems explained ; and the occurrence of a devourer of 
dried plants in Bloomsbury Street, in the immediate vicinity of the British Museum, 
where perhaps more specimens might be obtained by a careful search, seems perfectly 
intelligible.” 


April 5, 1858. 
J. O. Wrstwoop, Esq., V.P., in the chair, 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 
duonors:—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. ix. No. 29; presented by the 


13 


Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for March; by the Editor. ‘Catalogue of British Cole- 
optera, by G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &c., two copies, one of them printed on 
one side only; by the Author. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for March; by the Editor. 
‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for March; by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butter- 
flies, Part 26; by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische 
Zeitung, xix. jahrgang, Nos. 1—3,; by the Eutomological Society of Stettin. ‘The 
Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Vol. iii.; the same, No. 79; by H.'T. Stainton, 
Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for February and March; by the Editor. A pair of Carabus 
intricatus, Linn.; by J. J. Reading, Esq. 


Election of Members. 


Alexander Wallace, Esq., of Bembridge, Isle of Wight, and H. G. Knaggs, Esq., 
of Maldon Place, Camden Town, were balloted for and elected Members of the 
Society. 

Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Papilio Ulysses, taken by Mr. Wallace in 
Aru, and observed that Mr. Wallace saw this species on the wing almost daily during 
his three months’ stay in the island, but, owing to its high and rapid flight, he only 
succeeded in capturing two examples. 

Mr. Janson exhibited various Coleoptera, handed to him for that purpose by 
Mr. Douglas, which had been recently taken by that gentleman in nests of Formica 
rufa ; the species most noteworthy were Saprinus piceus, I//., Dendrophilus pygmeus, 
L., Leptacinus formicetorum, Maerk., and Thiasophila angulata, Hrichs. 

Mr. Janson also exhibited a specimen of Harpalus servus, Duft., which had been 
detected by Mr. H. Squire among a number of unset Coleoptera presented to him by 
Mr. F. Smith, by whom they were captured, near Deal, last autumn. He observed 
that Mr. Squire, who had identified this insect, considered it specifically identical with 
Harpalus maritimus (Kirby), Steph. olim (subsequently sunk, in the ‘ Manual, as 
synonymous with H.complanatus, Sturm.), as he found the individual exhibited 
agreed precisely with the specimens thus denominated in the Kirbyan, Stephensian 
and Leachian cabinets. Mr. Janson remarked that he had not himself yet had an op- 
portunity of following Mr. Squire’s investigations in this matter; he was therefore not 
competent either to confirm or contradict the view he advanced. 

Mr. Janson likewise laid before the Meeting the following, which he had recently 
taken:— — 


Ocyusa ruficornis, Kraatz, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 158, 2 (1856), a species 
not previously recorded as an inhabitant of Britain, and indeed only recently discovered 
by Dr. Kraatz, near Berlin. It has also been taken in the vicinity of Paris, and is 
described by MM. Fairmaire and Laboulbéne in their ‘ Faune Entomologique de 
France,’ i. 441, 33 (1856), under the name of Oxypoda fulvicornis: the specific tide 
imposed by Dr. Kraatz will, however, stand by right of priority, his description being 
anterior in publication by several months. The present species may be at once dis- 
tinguished from its near ally and as yet sole congener, O. maura, Erichs., by its 
superior size, brown hue, longer antenne, and by the bright brownish red colour of 
those organs and of the legs; other, less apparent, differences exist in the form of the 
thorax and in the sculpture and pubescence of the elytra, &c. 

Hygronoma dimidiata, Gray., Evichs., Steph. 


14 


Stenus picipennis, Exichs., first discovered and identified by Mr. Edwin Shepherd, 
in the autumn of 1857, and subsequently taken, he had heard, by Dr. Power, in 
Hampshire. 

Ischnodes sanguinicollis, Panzer (Ctenicerus sanguinicollis, Steph.). The female, 
which differs somewhat in size and form from the male, is unquestionably Sericosomus 
fulvicollis of Stephens. 


In answer to a question of Mr. Westwood, relative to the localities in which these 
insects had been found, Mr. Janson stated that he had captured the last-named species 
in the London district; in respect to the other three, he was not certain whether the 
locality was situate within that limit or not,—at all events he might venture to say 
one of the home counties South of the Thames; this he considered quite sufficient for 
all scientific purposes, and most respectfully declined henceforth publicly to indicate 
the precise localities of his captures, an announcement which appeared to afford much 
amusement to some of the Members, as it was greeted with considerable hilarity. 


Mr. Waterhouse exhibited the following species of Coleoptera, believing they had 
not hitherto been recorded as British, viz. :— 


Hister marginatus, Erichs. ‘Two specimens of this insect had come under 
Mr. Waterhouse’s notice, one specimen in his own collection, and one in that of 
Dr. Power. The localities in which they were found are unfortunately unknown. 

Saprinus immundus, Gyll. One specimen taken by Mr. Waterhouse, at the mouth 
of the Orwell, in September, 1855, and several specimens taken by Dr. Power and 
Mr. F. Smith, at Deal. 

Saprinus metallicus, Fabr. Two specimens taken at Deal by Mr. F. Smith. This 
insect is given as British by Mr. Stephens, but he had mistaken the S. rugifrons, Payk., 
for the species. 

Abraus (Acritus) nigricornis, Ent. H. Found in the months of May and June in 


the corridor of the Crystal Palace. 

Calodera riparia, Erichs. A single specimen taken by Dr. Power at Holme 
Bush. 

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited a specimen of a Plegaderus, which he supposed to 
be the P. dissectus, Hrichs., and stated that it was one of two specimens found in 
Windsor Forest by Mr. Samuel Stevens: a notice had already appeared relating to 
the discovery of the insect by Mr. Stevens, and Mr. J. F. Stephens, who published 
this notice in the ‘ Zoologist, had regarded the insect as Abreus vulneratus, Kug. 

Mr. Waterhouse then proceeded to describe four species of Staphylinide, which he 


believed to be new:— 
OxyYPODA NIGRINA. 


O. Nigra, opaca, sericeo-pubescens, pedibus fuscescentibus, corpore fusiformi, supra 
confertissime punctulato. Long. 1 lin. 


Very close’ to Oxypoda cuniculina, Erichs., but rather smaller and usually of an 
uniform sooty black colour; the antenn rather shorter, the terminal joint compara- 
tively short and obtusely pointed; the elytra rather less strongly notched at the pos- 
terior outer angle; the tarsi (more especially the posterior pair) shorter. Head about 
one-third narrower than the thorax, rounded, convex; the parts of the mouth dusky ; 
antenne about as long as the head and thorax, gradually increasing in width to the 


15 


apex, the last joint decidedly the shortest; first and second joints moderately elongate, 
obconic, and nearly equal; third joint about half the size of the preceding ; of the re- 
maining joints the first two or three are quadrate or nearly so, and the remainder (with 
the exception of the last) distinctly transverse. Thorax gradually contracted from the 
base to the fore part, the sides and the posterior margin gently rounded; above con- 
vex and even, or with a very indistinct dorsal furrow. Elytra about one-fourth longer 
than the thorax and rather broader, the puncturing fine, and, being extremely dense, 
produce a dull appearance. Abdomen attenuated and also very finely and densely 
punctured, the last segment and the edge of the preceding one often fuscous. Legs 
more or less dusky, with the knees and tarsi fusco-testaceous. 

I met with this insect at Charlton in June, 1856, and at Erith in July, 1855, and 
some other localities not distant from London; it is also found in Scotland, Mr. Morris 
Young having taken it at Paisley. 


OxyYPODA NIGRO-FUSCA. 


O. Fusco-nigra, thorace, elytris, abdominisque apice fuscis ; pebidus testaceis ; corpore 
fusiformi, supra confertim subtilissime punctulato. Long. 1 lin. 


It was with some little hesitation that I ventured to separate this species from 
O. hemorrhoa, Mannerheim, so much does it resemble that insect in size and form, as 
well as it the structure of the antenne; the fuscous thorax and elytra I at first thought 
might only be indications of immaturity; I found, however, that all the specimens 
which presented this colouring had the thorax dull, whereas in O. hemorrhoa the 
same part is somewhat glossy, and upon placing the two insects side by side under a 
low power in the microscope, I soon perceived that the punctuation of the thorax was 
much more dense in the insect I call O. nigro-fusca. 

Found in the débris left upon removing a stack of faggots in Bishop’s Wood, near 
Hampstead. 


HoMALOTA PLUMBEA. 


H. Plumbeo-nigra, opaca, griseo-pubescens, creberrime subtilissime punctata ; antennis 
fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; thorace subquadrato coleopteris multo angus- 
tiore ; abdomine nitidiusculo. Long. 1 lin. 


This species should be placed in Kraatz’s second section, near to the Tachyusiform 
species, such as Homalota labilis, &c., in which the elytra are ample, distinctly 
broader than the thorax. It reminds one of H. incana, Erichs., agreeing pretty 
nearly in size, form, and colouring with that insect, but it is much more thickly and 
finely punctured, and the antenne are longer, and none of the joints are decidedly 
transverse; the legs, moreover, are paler. Head rather narrower than the thorax, 
convex and rounded, but with the eyes slightly prominent, and the parts of the mouth 
rather produced, the surface, like that of the thorax and elytra, of a somewhat dull 
and silky appearance, owing to the thickness and fineness of the puncturing, combined 
with a tolerable dense and fine ash-coloured pubescence; palpi and antenne dusky, 
the latter sometimes, with the base, dirty testaceous; they increase very slightly in 
thickness towards the apex; the first three joints considerably elongated and very 
nearly equal; of the following joints the first are rather longer than broad, and the 
penultimate quadrate ; the terminal joint nearly equal in length to the two preceding 
taken together. Thorax subquadrate, slightly emarginate in front; the sides pre- 
senting a very gentle sigmoid curve, being a little dilated and rounded towards the 


16 


fore part and slightly contracted behind; posterior margin rounded, posterior angles 
obtusely rounded; anterior angles rather acute; upper surface moderately convex, 
and with a somewhat large aud shallow depression behind. Elytra ample, fully one- 
fourth longer than the thorax, and nearly twice as broad. Abdomen growing rather 
broader towards the hinder part, very thickly and finely punctured throughout. Legs 
testaceous ; the femora and tibizw*more or less suffused with brown. I can perceive no 
differences indicative of sexes in the specimens before me. 
Found by Dr. Power, at Seaford, near Newhaven. 


HoMALOTS IMBECILLA. 


H. Linearis, subdepressa, subtiliter pubescens, nigra, nitidiuscula, antennis pedibusque 
Suscescentibus, ano elytrisque testaceis, his basi fuscis; thorace transversim 
subquadrato ; abdomine supra omnino crebre punctato. Long. 13 lin. 


Head very little narrower than the thorax, rounded and moderately convex, very 
finely and rather thickly punctured; antenne, if bent back, reaching about to the apex 
of the elytra; slender and with no perceptible increase in thickness towards the apex ; 
the penultimate joints as long as broad; the middle joints longer than broad; the 
terminal joint nearly as long as the two preceding joints taken together; palpi fuscous, 
paler at the base. Thorax subquadrate, slightly broader than Jong, straight in front, 
very gently rounded at the sides, and more distinctly rounded behind; above gently 
convex, very finely and thickly punctured, and with a shallow fovea behind. Elytra 
scarcely longer and very little broader than the thorax, and very thickly and rather 
finely punctured. Abdomen with all the segments thickly and finely punctured; the 
punctures, however, on the terminal segments are a little less dense than on the basal ; 
from the apex of the abdomen spring numerous longish hairs. First joint of the 
posterior tarsi a trifle longer than the second. 

I found several specimens of this insect under rejectamenta at the mouth of the 
Orwell, in September, 1855. It-is a soft and delicate little insect, and subject to con- 
siderable variation in colouring, chiefly in the elytra, these being sometimes entirely 
pale and sometimes entirely pitchy, but usually they are dusky at the base, and this 
dark colour is more or less extended in different individuals ; the apex of the abdomen 


is always pale. 


H. imbecilla, together with H. fluviatilis, Kraatz, H. cambrica, Wollaston, and H. 
thinobioides, Araatz, may be grouped together as linear species allied to H. elonga- 
tula, but distinguished by the abdomen being thickly punctured throughout. 

H. fluviatilis—or rather an insect (found on the banks of the Thames, near Hawn- 
mersmith, by Mr. Squire) which I suppose to be the species so named by Kraatz— 
approaches the nearest to H. elongatula, but differs in being rather smaller, in having 
the body black throughout, the antenne dusky (or impure black) to the base, the head 
rather narrower and less rounded, the sides being nearly parallel, and the thorax 
rather longer. 

H. imbecilla is about equal in size to the smallest specimens of H. elongatula ; 
the antenne are longer and more slender than in that insect, sometimes fusco-testa- 
ceous throughout, and sometimes entirely dusky; the legs of a less bright and clear 
colour, being more or less suffused with brown or dusky at the base. 

H. cambrica is very like H. imbecilla, but its form is more slender, its elytra are 
longer, and the punctuation is finer and more dense; that on the thorax and elytra, 


17 


indeed, is so delicate as to be scarcely perceptible under a strong Stanhope lens, whilst 
in H. imbecilla the puncturing throughout is tolerably distinct. 

H. thinobioides is the smallest of the group and the most slender in its make, but 
very like H. cambrica: its colouring is darker, and the punctuation of the abdomen 
is still more dense. 

This note is made upon specimens from Madeira, given me by Mr. Wollaston. 


Mr. Westwood remarked the admirable manner in which the Abrzus exhibited by 
Mr. Waterhouse was set, every tarsus being spread out. Mr. Waterhouse thereupon 
informed the Meeting that the plan he adopted to set out small Coleoptera, of this 
and some other families, was to gum the insects slightly down on their backs (using 
gum Arabic for this purpose): the legs, &c., were then readily spread out with a 
camel’s-hair pencil, after which the insect was easily removed by gently inserting the 
point of a pen-knife under it, and then placed in its proper position on gummed card: 
by this simple process many species could be set out, of which it is otherwise almost 
impracticable to display the limbs. 

Mr. Waterhouse also detailed another plan, which he had found very useful, in 
setting out those tribes of small Coleoptera in which the limbs are rigid, such as the 
Curculionide, &c., viz. to gum the insects on card, without attempting to set out the 
legs, &c., until the gum has dried, when by slightly moistening the limbs, on one side 
of the insect only, they were very readily brought to their required position with the 
setting needle, and, on their again becoming dry, the other side could be treated in a 
similar manner; by gumming out several insects at once no time need be lost, as 
whilst one specimen was under process, the others would be drying. 


Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited a newly constructed bee-hive, which consisted of two or 
more boxes, designed to be placed one above the other, each one furnished with move- 
able bars, to which the combs are attached, thus affording great facility for the removal 
of the latter, either fur the purpose of scientific research, the partial deprivation of 
honey, or the artificial production of swarms. The bars are retained in their places by 
long wooden slides passing between them, which obviate the necessity for covers, 
enable a single bar of comb to be removed without disturbing those remaining, and 
permit the removal of the top boxes to be most readily accomplished. The boxes are 
square in form, and so constructed that bars of brood or honey-comb can be easily 
transferred from one to another. 

Some discussion having arisen relating to the construction of the cells of the hive 
bee, Mr. Waterhouse stated that he was of opinion that the hexagonal form of cell 
was accidental, so far as the constructors of the cell were concerned; and, having been 
called upon to explain his views, he proceeded, in the first place, to call attention to 
the fact that if a number of cylinders of equal size were packed close together, side by 
side, each cylinder would be surrounded by six others; that, assuming the cylin- 
drical form (or at least a form of cell approaching more or less to the cylindrical, 
and having a circular section) was the type form of isolated cells constructed by different 
kinds of bees, and that, in the case of the hive bee, a number of insects worked 
together, first depositing a small portion of wax, then excavating a small circular 
cavity in the same, for the commencement of a cell; this then being followed by the de- 
position of more wax and the excavation of more cavities, and these being placed close 
to the first; then neither of the cells could be constructed of their natural diameter, 

D 


18 


provided the first cavity formed had not attained the full diameter of the complete cell. 
The diameters of the cells would intersect each other ; but, if partitions be left between 
them, the cell must be six-sided, if the cells remain equal in size. In order to make 
the idea more clear, he (Mr. Waterhouse) would assume for a moment that it were a 
law that a number of equal-sized circles, being packed closely together, side by side, 
and that each circle was then surrounded by seven others; he believed that the cell of 
the hive bee would, in that case, have been seven-sided. Such were the views enter- 
tained many years back by Mr. W.,and published by him in the ‘ Penny Cyclopedia ;’ 
and having subsequently had his attention particularly directed to the subject, whilst 
examining the nests of a vast number of Hymenopterous insects, he still believes those 
views to be essentially correct. He now, however, has reason to believe that it is not 
absolutely necessary for the supposed natural diameters of the cells to intersect before 
an angular-formed cell would be produced. The instinct which leads an insect to ex- 
cavate, in order to form a cell, may lead it to excavate beyond what would be neces- 
sary to form a sufficiently large cell, in the case of an insect, which, under ordinary 
circumstances, burrows until it comes in contact with an adjoining cell. Contact with 
other cells was the essential condition which influenced the angular form of any par- 
ticular cell. It has been brought as an objection to his theory, Mr. W. went on to say, 
that, in the case of the wasp or hornet, a single female insect constructs hexagonal 
cells. This is true, but the same principle obtains,—no wasp builds a single, isolated, 
hexagonal cell; when wasps, or allied Hymenoptera, build hexagonal cells, many 
cells are built almost simultaneously, the first cell has made the least possible progress 
before six other cells are commenced around it, and these again have progressed very 
little before others are commenced external to them and in their interstices, so that a 
wasp’s cell may be said to be altered into the hexagonal form as it proceeds, excepting 
in the case of the outermost series of cells, where only the inner side of each cell is 
angular, the outer side being almost always rounded. Mr. Waterhouse said he had 
possessed a very small nest of a hornet which consisted of three cells only ; it was built 
in a small cavity adjoining a large nest, and where there was not room for more than 
three cells; they were circular externally and angular internally,—that is to say, each 
cell had two straight sides where it came in contact with two other cells, and was 
rounded elsewhere. 

Mr. Tegetmeier remarked that he possessed a small piece of honey-comb which 
presented the same peculiarities. 

Mr. Tegetmeier added that he had found it a great improvement to have double 
glass to observatory hives. 

In answer to a question from Mr. Lubbock, Mr. Tegetmeier stated that he had not 
made any observations, confirmatory or otherwise, of the theories advanced by Professor 
Siebold, relative to the reproduction of these insects. 

Mr. Murray observed, with reference to this subject, that Professor Simpson had 
transferred eggs from drone to queen cells, and that a larva produced therefrom grew 
so large that at length it reached the glass of the observatory hive in which the experi- 
ment took place, and then died: he thought it would be interesting to have this grub 
dissected, in order to ascertain whether it was a female or not. 


Part 7 of Vol. iv., new series, of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table. 


19 


May 3, 1858. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 
donors :—‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ 1856, Nos. 
2—4, and 1857, No. 1; presented by the Society. ‘Catalogue of the Lepidopterous 
Insects in the Museum of the East India Company,’ by Thomas Horsfield, M. and 
Ph. D., F.R.S., Keeper of the Company’s Museum, and Frederic Moore, Assistant, 
Vol. i.; by the Hon. Court of Directors of the East India Company. ‘ Proceedings 
of the Royal Society? Vol. ix, No. 30; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoolo- 
gical Society,’ Nos. 339—349, both inclusive; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for 
May; by the Editor. ‘ Abhandlungen de Mathemat-Physikalischen Classe der Ko- 
niglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenchaften,’ Vol. viii. Part I.; ‘ Ueber den 
Auban und Ertrag des Bodens im Koénigreiche Bayun,’ Part I., by Dr. F. B. W. 
Hermann; by the Akademie. ‘The Atheneum’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The 
Literary Gazette’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ 
for April; by the Society. ‘ List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the 
Collection of the British Museum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c.—Supplement ; 
by the Author. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’ No, 16; by the 
Author, H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 
79—83 ; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq. 


Elections. 


Robert Mc Lachlan, Esq., of Park Road Terrace, Forest Hill, and Alfred Boot, 
Esq., of Park Row, Greenwich, were elected Members; and Joseph Stevens, Esq., of 
Upper Richmond Road, Wandsworth, a Subscriber to the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Majendie sent for exhibition a piece of beech bark covered with a white sub- 
stance, which Mr. Westwood pronounced to be a secretion exuded from the body of 
the female of a species of Coccus, of which the male is as yet unknown. 

Mr. Shepherd exhibited specimens of Stenus solutus, Hrichs., taken in the Lon- 
don district, observing that the species had been recorded as British in Mr. Water- 
house’s recently published Catalogue, on the authority of a single specimen in the 
collection of Dr. Power. 

Mr. W. F. Evans sent for exhibition living examples of the larva and imago of a 
species of the Rhynchophorous genus Prypnus, Schoenh., which he had found in 
bulbs imported from the Cape of Good Hope. 

Mr. Horace Francis exhibited various Coleoptera which he had met with in the 
vicinity of Folkestone, in September last, including beautiful examples of Anchome- 
nus livens, Gyll., and Ocypus (Goerius) cyaneus, Fab. 

Mr. Janson exhibited the following Coleoptera, recently captured by him within a 
short distance of the metropolis :— 


20 


Oodes Helopioides, Fab., a species which he had not before taken, and which ap- 
pears to be this year unusually abundant, having been found in considerable numbers 
in Kent, by Mr. Lewis, Mr. Douglas, Dr. Power and others: the series now before 
the Meeting were taken in the adjoining county of Surrey. 

Badister peltatus, Panzer, a single individual found on the 19th of March last, 
under loose bark of willow, in the notorious Hammersmith, or, perhaps more cor- 
rectly, Shepherd’s Bush Marshes. The synonymy of and references to this species 
should be thus expressed: Carabus peltatus, Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ. Fas. xxxvii. 
tab. 20 (1797), probably figured and described from a very immature specimen, with 
the head and thorax ferruginous, the elytra pale brassy, and the antenne and legs 
entirely testaceous, a state of things so different from the ordinary aspect of the insect 
as to render identification, if not impossible, at least very problematical and unsatis- 
factory; Illiger, Verzeichn. d. Kafer Preuss. 197, 80 (1798); Duft. Faun. Austr. ii. 
147, 193 (1812). Amblychus peltatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 76, 2 (1810). Trimorphus 
Erro, Newman (olim), Ent. Mag. v. 489 (1838); Steph. Man. Brit. Col. 23, 134 
(1839). Badister peltatus, Sturm, Deutschl. Faun. Ins. iii. 189, 3, tab. Ixxvi. fig. a, 
A (1815); Dej. Spec. ii. 408, 4 (1826); Iconogr. ii. 226, 4, tab. 101, fig. 3 (1830) ; 
Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. i. 49, 3 (1838); Brich. Kaf. d. Mark Brand. i. 24, 4 (1839) ; 
Schaum, Ent. Zeit. Stett. ix. 37 (1848); Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, iii. 35 
(1849); Newman, Zool. 2276, 2277 (1848); L. Redib. Faun, Austr. 82 (1849), 2nd 
ed. 31 (1857); Dawson, Geod. Brit. 61, 3, tab. 1, fig. C (1854); Fairm. § Laboulb. 
Faun. Ent. Franc. i. 63, 4 (1854); Schaum, Naturg. d. Ins. Deutschl. i. 352, 4 
(1857). 

Cossonus linearis, Linn., Schoenh., Steph., Walton. A species, judging from the 
old cabinets, frequently met with in Britain in days of yore, but which has probably 
not occurred for nearly twenty years, specimens having been taken by Dr. Power, in 
Cambridgeshire, about that period, since which apparently no instance is on record of 
its capture. The series now exhibited was taken a few days since in an old elm, which 
literally teemed with the insect in all its stages, the semi-decayed portions of the tree 
being riddled in all directions by the larve, and the débris mingled with the remains 
of countless members of bygone generations. 

Stenus solutus, Eric., captured at the same time and place as the specimens pre- 
viously exhibited by Mr. Edwin Shepherd, to whom I am indebted for the opportunity 
of taking this scarce and local species. 

Lathrobium punctatum, Zetterstedt, Faun. Ins. Lappon. i. 84, 5 (1828), to whom, 
and not to Nordmann, this species must be assigned, he having first elaborately 
described it under this name. 

Mr. Westwood remarked that Cossonus linearis used to be taken in Battersea 
Fields. 

Mr. Janson rejoined that it was certainly not there that he had met with it: little 
anxiety need, however, be felt as to the precise locality which had yielded it, as he had 
not only secured but set out an ample supply for all his friends, and specimens (a 
dozen if he desired them) were quite at Mr. Westwood’s service. 

Mr. Gloyne observed that he had taken a specimen of Oodes Helopioides on the 
banks of the Thames, near Mortlake. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited a new species of Cemiostoma, bred by Mr. Wailes, of 
Newcastle-on-Tyné, from larve mining the leaves of Genista tinctoria, for which the 


21 


name Wailesella had been proposed: the insect was closely allied to C. spartifoliella 
and laburnella, but smaller, and with a bluer tint than those species. 

Mr. Westwood wished to know whether the larve of these closely-allied species fed 
on closely-allied plants; if so it was most probable that they were not distiuct species, 
but merely modifications produced by the difference in the food plant. 

Mr. Stainton observed that, independently of the differences in the larve and 
perfect insects, differences which truly were minute, there were differences of habit, 
especially between the larve, which would render it difficult to refer them to the same 
species; and to assume that because the differences were small, and because the larva 
fed on a different plant, the difference of food should so modify the insect in all its 
stages, seemed rather like begging the question: it was possible the effect of the food 
might be to alter the appearance of the insect, but that was certainly a point which 
required to be proved before it could be admitted. 

Mr. Smith exhibited a Stylops which he had bred from a living example of 
Andrena fuscata, Kirby: it emerged from the pupa at half-past nine o’clock that 
morning, and although he endeavoured, by keeping it in as cool a place as possible, to 
preserve it alive to exhibit that evening, it died at about half-past four o'clock: he 
believed it to be the same species which he had lately figured in the Society’s 
‘ Transactions,’ or certainly a very closely-allied species. : 

Mr. Smith also exhibited a piece of tube formed of vulcanized India-rubber, con- 
taining cells of the leaf-cutter bees: the cells were placed transversely in the tube, 
which he considered an extraordinary instance of sagacity in the bees. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited some butterflies, taken in Amboyna by Mr. Wallace, in- 
cluding beautiful males of Papilio Ulysses, and the female of this species, the Papilio 
Diomedes, Cram.; also Papilio Codrus, and some fine Pieride. 

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited the following Coleoptera, from the Collection of Dr. 
Power :— 

Tachyusa sulcata. Taken at Southend. 

Homalota orbata. Taken at Merton. 

Agaricochara levicollis. Taken at the Holt, Hampshire. 

Oligota granaria. Taken at the Holt, Hampshire. 

Xantholinus glaber. Taken at Holme Bush. 

Quedius fuscipes. ‘Taken at Addington. 

Stenus solutus. Taken at Cowley and Lee. 

Stenus (sp. 20 of Mr. Waterhouse’s Catalogue). Taken at Shirley. Mr. 
Waterhouse observed that this insect, in some respects (especially in the dark colouring 
of the palpi), more perfectly agreed with the description of S. providus, Erichs., than 
did the species which he had supposed was that insect, and which, from its more cy- 
lindrical form, he now thought might prove to be Kraatz’s S. Rogeri. Before, how- 
ever, this point could be settled, it would be necessary to ascertain the sexual characters 
of Dr. Power's insect, of which one specimen only had been found. 

Philonihus signaticornis. Taken at Eastcot and Merton. 

Philonthus nigrita. Taken at Eltham. 

Philonthus pullus. Taken at Portsea. 

Philonthus lepidus. Taken at Deal. 

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited the following species from his own collection :— 

Oxypoda aterrima, nov. sp. 

Anisotoma obesa, Schmidt, A. ciliaris, Schmidt, A. brunnea, Sturm, A.parvula, Sahl. 


. 


22 


Cyrtusa minuta, Ahrens. 

Agaricophagus cephalotes, Schmidt. 

Leiodes orbicularis, Herbst. 

Euthia plicata, Gyll., EB. truncatella, Evichs. First taken by Mr. Whittingham 
at Leytonstone, and subsequently by Mr. Waterhouse at the Crystal Palace. 


Mr. Waterhouse read the following description of the new species of Oxypoda 
exhibited by him :— 


“ Oxypopa ? ATERRIMA. 


“0. linearis, aterrima, nitidiuscula, antennis pedibusque piceo-nigris, thorace ely- 
trisque crebre punctatis, abdomine parcius punctato; thorace coleopteris longi- 
tudine subaquale, basi foveola impresso. Long. corp. 1 lin. 


“ This little insect is extremely like Homalota analis, but is usually a trifle larger: 
the antenne are distinctly shorter, a little stouter, and with the intermediate joints 
strongly transverse; the head rather more globose and less suddenly constricted 
behind; the thorax rather less transverse, but in other respects like, with the same 
posterior fovea and indistinct dorsal channel; the punctuation, however, of this part, 
as well as of the elytra, is rather stronger: the elytra are very nearly equal to the 
thorax, both in width and length, and present scarcely a trace of the posterior notch: 
the abdomen is rather less finely and less thickly punctured than in H. analis; the 
three visible segments nearest the elytra are transversely impressed at the base; the 
jaws are testaceous; the palpi dusky. 

“Several specimens of this insect have been taken by Mr. Morris Young near 
Paisley: its general appearance is so like that of a Homalota (especially H. analis) 
that I was much surprised, upon placing it under the microscope, to find five joints 
to the fore tarsi, and this character accompanied by a somewhat elongated basal joint 
to the posterior tarsi: this joint, however, though decidedly longer than the following 
joints, is less elongated than in most of the Oxypode.” 

Mr. Westwood exhibited a drawing of a dark variety of Acronycta Ligustri, and 
of the larva from which it had been bred by Mr. Henry Boyle. 

Captain Cox sent for exhibition a portion of a hop-pole perforated by the larva of 
a Coleopterous insect, apparently a Callidium. 

Mr. Stevens communicated the following extract from a letter written by Mr. H. 
W. Bates, from Sto. Paolo, Upper Amazons : — 


“On arriving at this station, one of the first new acquaintances in the butterfly 
department which greeted me was the very beautiful Pandora Prola, Boisd.,—at least 
T suppose it to be this species, from the nearly spotless scarlet colour of the under 
surface of posterior wings; it was flying wildly about the streets of the village, en- 
tering houses by the windows and settling on the walls: since then I have always 
seen one or two on every very hot sunny day: the species does not penetrate the 
forest; it is found only about the houses, and ata spot on the borders of the forest 
where the vultures roost: its habits altogether are unlike those of any other species of 
Nymphalide ; it settles frequently, sometimes on the ground, attracted by offal, but 
frequently on the trunks of trees, bare walls, &c., holding in repose its wings slightly 
raised: it is excessively wary, and only during the very hottest weather allows itself 
to be approached: I have captured several on my own person, as, when standing about 
waiting an opportunity to obtain it, it is apt to sail up boldly and settle on one’s 


* 


23 


clothing; its habit of settling on the trunks of trees and its bold rapid style of flight 
very much resemble the manner of the Ageronie, and I am quite satisfied that the 
true position of the genus Pandora is in proximity with Ageronia. There are two 
grand species of this latter genus new to me also found here, one of which has the 
greater part of the under surface of the hind wings red, and the other has the same 
part saffron-yellow: they fly in company with Pandora at the place on the borders of 
the forest, but do not wander so far in their flight. I wish to mention here 
that I think there is quite an erroneous conception established by lepidopterists, of the 
nature and aflinities of the Ageronie. M. Lacordaire and Mr. Wallace have said 
that the chrysalis is secured by a ligature round the body ; I think there is some mis- 
take about this: I have bred two species of the genus, and most certainly the chry- 
salis is suspended by the tail like all the other Nymphalide. In our systems 
the Ageroniz are placed at the head of the Nymphalidz, near the true Papilionide, 
as though forming the connexion between the families. I think all this is a mis- 
conception. There is no proximate affinity at all between the Papilionide and 
the Nymphalide ; the two families are separated by the whole mass of the Ery- 
cinide, I should as little expect to find an Ageronia chrysalis with a ligature round 
the body, as a true Papilio chrysalis suspended only by the tail. The larve of 
Ageronia are spinose ; the lines of thoracic segments densely ramose. In their flight 
they make a smacking noise with their wings like the clicking of castanets, but rarely 
repeated. The Pandora does not produce this noise.” 


The Secretary read the following paper by Mr. A. R. Wallace :— 


A disputed case of Priority in Nomenclature. 


“ Allow me to call the attention of the Entomological Society to what seems to me a 
novel and most erroneous as well as inconvenient interpretation of the law of priority : 
it is, that of transferring a name long borne by one insect (but which it has lost by 
being found to be but a sex or variety) to another insect which has been erroneously 
referred to the same species. This has been done by the late Mr. Doubleday, who has 
changed Ornithoptera Remus, a name which for fifty years has been invariably borne 
by one well-known species, into O. Panthous, a name which for a still longer period has 
been applied to the female of O. Priamus. Such a change would be most inadvisable, 
even were the principle on which it was made a good une ; whereas it is one which 
gives, at it were, a premium to error. Linneus described the female of Priamus as a 
distinct species (Panthous) and Remus as the male of Panthous. Cramer corrected the 
latter error and figured the two sexes of Remus correctly, giving the species for the 
first time a distinct name. This name it appears to me cannot be changed for that of 
Linnzus, who erroneously supposed the species to be the sameas one he had previously 
named, although that name has been reduced to a synonym. The two errors of Lin- 
neus should not be allowed to take precedence of Cramer, who first correctly named 
the species. The question here raised is of importance because an analogous case is 
now open for decision. P. Darsius of G. R. Gray was previously figured by 
Doubleday as the male of Amphimedon. Now, Amphimedon is certainly the female 
of Helena, and, if the rule holds good, the new species Darsius must take the old name 
of Amphimedon, just as Remus has been made by Messrs. E. Doubleday and G. R. 
Gray, to take the name of Panthous. Such a practice will certainly not be generally 
followed, and I would humbly suggest that it is one of the duties of an Entomological 


24 


Society, to check, by an expression of their opinion, all that tends still further to con- 
fuse the nomenclature and synonymy. 


“ Amboyna, January 1, 1858.” 


The Secretary read “Descriptions of six New British Neuroptera sent by 
Mr. Dale to the British Museum,” by Dr. Hagen; and the following paper by Mr. 
Newman :— 


Note on Scolytus destructor. 


“ Having heard from Mr. Stainton that the Royal Botanic Society had awarded 
a gold medal to our fellow-member, Captain Cox, for certain successful experiments 
in recovering elm trees from the attacks of Scolytus destructor, I was delighted to 
receive for the press that elaborate paper with which the Society was favoured at its 
last meeting. That paper is published in our ‘ Proceedings,’ and will afford to 
the world abundant proof that! we are now regarding Entomology in a utilitarian 
as well as a scientific spirit. ‘It is, as the writer observes, ‘ peculiarly fitting that 
Science should step in and prove that over one pest at least we have power, and if not 
made use of the fault lies entirely with the public. I cannot sufficiently regret my 
absence from so interesting a meeting, since, had I been present, I should have en- 
deavoured to elicit still further information from a gentleman who has so successfully 
studied this important branch of rural economy; more especially, as the Parisians, in 
their bungling attempts to employ the draw-shave, have sacrificed the finest elm trees 
around the French metropolis. I may perhaps be allowed to state, touching the 
bibliography of Scolytus destructor, that I think Captain Cox scarcely goes back far 
enough, when he dates the knowledge of its economy from 1840: previously to that 
year the late M. Audouin had thoroughly mastered its history; and six years earlier 
still, an obscure writer in the ‘ Entomological Magazine’ (i. 425), under the assumed 
name of ‘ Rusticus’—the habit of assuming names cannot be sufficiently reprobated— 
described its economy so minutely as to induce the idea that Captain Cox must have 
been at the writer’s elbow even while he held the pen, and dictated what he wrote: 
before Rusticus, Kirby and Spence seem to have been cognizant of its doings; and to 
go back still further, the very name carries with it an idea of some knowledge of its 
economy. Captain Cox has, however, added one most interesting fact overlooked by 
previous writers: that ‘ the female dies at the entrance of her tube, thus performing a 
maternal duty by closing the aperture to her young ones with her own dead body.’ 
The points, however, on which I would solicit for the Society additional information 
are these: Captain Cox states his firm conviction that healthy trees are attacked by 
Scolytus ; and that this insect is the cause of premature decay and eventual death. 
He narrates with great perspicuity that eighteen dying elm trees were placed at his 
disposal, that he experimented on every one of them, by taking off the surface bark 
with a draw-shave; and that seventeen out of the eighteen completely recovered: the 
operation is most simple, and I believe every one will admit that its very simplicity 
adds to its beauty and its value. Before commencing his experiments, Captain Cox 
numbered the trees from 1 to 18, and made a careful memorandum of the state of each ; 
the summary of these memoranda may be thus briefly stated. Fifteen were suffering 
severely from the ravages of Cossus ligniperda ; and out of these fifteen, nine were 
also infested with Scolytus: three, making up the eighteen, were attacked by 
Scolytus, but all these three “slightly.” Now, to a superficial observer, it will occur 


9) 


that the state of the trees, scarcely bears out the author’s own conclusion as to Scolytus 
attacking sound trees, since fifteen out of the eighteen were manifestly attacked by 
the most deadly enemy that a timber tree can possibly have: and toa superficial 
observer, I purposely repeat this qualifying expression, nothing can present a more 
sickly or abnormal appearance than a tree, the solid timber of which is riddled 
through and through by the enormous larve of Cossus ligniperda: such trees, with 
or without the smaller pest, I should have unhesitatingly pronounced in an unhealthy 
state. When Captain Cox favours us, as I doubt not be will, with an explanation of 
this apparent inconsistency, arising probably from some accidental oversight or trans- 
position of words, may I ask him to reexamine the larve which he denominates those 
of Cossus ligniperda, and which had so severely injured the fifteen trees under con- 
sideration ; because I never happened to find that insect feeding on elm, and had not 
the statement been made by an entomologist who possesses an unusually extensive 
knowledge of the larve of our British Lepidoptera, I should have fancied that 
the trees were dying from some other and undiscovered cause. One other slight diffi- 
culty occurs to me which will, doubtless, be removed without causing any additional 
or unnecessary trouble to Captain Cox. Seeing that the larva of Cossus mines 
the solid wood, and not the bark, except in its very juvenile state; and seeing that the 
fifteen Cossus-mined trees completely recovered after their outer bark had been merely 
draw-shaved, how is it to be explained that this simple external process affects 
the deadly Cossus deep in the interior? The author has not explained this, 
probably concluding that entomologists were more intimately acquainted with the 
reciprocal offices of bark and solid wood, than I fear is the case. I trust that 
these queries, unimportant in themselves, will not be deemed irrelevant, but will 
acquire some importance from the acknowledged importance of the subject; I hope 
they will induce Captain Cox to enrich our ‘ Proceedings’ with a second paper still 
more explanatory than the first. As an observation on Scolytus, quite independent of 
the paper to which I have been alluding, it is rather interesting that in the two great 
London colonies of this insect, Greenwich Park and Camberwell Grove, its advent 
dated two years subsequently to the introduction of gas, and its ravages have not yet 
extended beyond the reach of the gas influence: that gas has an injurious effect on 
elms is a self-evident fact, so probably have all gases evolved by combustion in facto- 
ries, since we always see elms in manufacturing cities losing their leaves six or seven 
weeks earlier than in the country : in this weakened state trees are particularly obnoxious 
to the attacks of insects, and about London elm trees are generally infested with 
the larve of Scolytus destructor and Zeuzera Hsculi. I am well aware of the alleged 
fact of the trees in the Hartz forest and elsewhere in France and Germany being 
destroyed by Scolytus, still the coexistence of elm failure and gas-lights must remain 
an indisputable fact, although at present a fact from which no general conclusions can 
be safely drawn.” 

Mr. Westwood observed, with reference to the latter part of Mr. Newman’s paper, 
that the Scolytus was abundant in Christ Church Meadows, Oxford, far away from 
gas-lights.” 


26 


June 7, 1858. 
J.O. Westwoop, Esq., V.P., in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 
donors :—‘ First and Second Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and other Insects of the 
State of New York, made to the State Agricultural Society, pursuant to an appropria- 
tion for this purpose from the Legislature of the State,’ by Asa Fitch, M.D.; presented 
by the author. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Vol. ii., No. 8; 
by the Society. ‘The Natural History Review,’ Vol. v., No.2; by the Dublin Uni- 
versity Zoological Association. ‘A Monograph of the Asiatic Species of Neptis and 
Athyma, two genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Nymphalidae,’ 
by Frederic Moore; ‘ Descriptions of some New Species of Lepidopterous Insects 
from Northern India,’ by Frederic Moore; by the Author. ‘ Annales de la Société 
Entomologique Belge,’ Tome premier; by the Society. ‘ Bibliotheca Historico- 
Naturalis, Vol. vii. No.1; by the Author, E. A. Zuchold. ‘The Zoologist’ for 
June, 1858; by the Editor. ‘List of the Specimens of Lepidopterons Insects in 
the collection of the British Museum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c.; Part xiv. 
—Noctuide; by the Author. ‘Report of the Proceedings of the First Meeting of 
the East Kent Natural History Society;’ by Captain Cox. ‘The Journal of the 
Society of Arts’ for May; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for May; by the 
Editor. ‘Deseriptions de Six Longicornes Exotiques Nouveaux, par M. Chev- 
rolat (from Archiv Entom.); presented by the Author. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a number of Coleoptera found in nests of Formica fuliginosa 
and F. rufa, amongst which were examples of Myrmedonia cognata and M. lugens, 
and a fine series of Dinarda Maerkelii, taken near Guildford, of which he distributed 
specimens amongst the members present. 

Mr. Smith exhibited a specimen of Myrmica cingulata, found by Mr. S. Stevens 
in a nest of Formica fusca, and examples of Myrmica lippula and Ponera contracta, 
found by Mr. Janson in company with Formica fuliginosa ; he wished those entomo- 
logists who were in the habit of searching for Coleoptera in ants’ nests would bear in 
mind that several rare species.of Myrmicide are only to be met with in the nests of 
the different species of Formica, and that two or three such species of Myrmica well 
known to continental entomologists have not yet been discovered in this country. 

Mr. Janson exhibited an example of a species of Trichonyx, found by Mr. 
E. Shepherd in a colony of Formica flava, under a flint on the “ Hogsback,” near 
Guildford, on the 2Ist ult. Mr. Janson observed that it was the same species which 
he had alluded to in his paper on Coleoptera frequenting ants’ nests, in the 
‘Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1857, but he had not yet been able to identify the insect 
with either ef the two known continental species of this genus. 

Mr. Janson also exhibited specimens of an Hemipterous insect which he had taken 
on several occasions in nests of Formica rufa at Hampstead and Highgate, and which 
he was disposed to refer to the Microphysa myrmecobia, Maerkel, in Germ. Zeitsch. 
f. d. Ent. v, 262, 276 (1844), with whose description the individuals before the 


QF ‘ 


Meeting agreed pretty closely, differing, however, somewhat in the sculpture of the 
head and thorax. He remarked that he had met with the male only, the female, 
according to Germar, has the hemelytra truncate—a structure obtaining in M. Psela- 
phiformis, Westwood, Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France, iii. 642, tab. vi. f. 3 (1834). 
[Loricula Pselaphiformis, Curtis, Ent. Mag. i. 197 (1833) ; Microphysa pselaphoides, 
Burmeister, Handb. d. Entom. ii. 286 (1835) ], and which may pessibly prove to be 
the female of the present species, although here the apical joints of the antenne are 
decidedly the longest, and the rostrum is broad and scarcely exceeds the head 
in length. 

Mr. Westwood observed that so long a period had elapsed since his attention was 
given to the species in question, that he could not then express an opinion in this 
matter; the specimen which Mr. Janson had placed in his hands would enable him 
to institute a comparison, the result of which he would communicate at a future 
time. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of a new species of Cemiostoma, bred by Mr. 
T. Wilkinson, from Lotus, and for which the name “ Lotella” had been proposed : 
the insect is closely allied to C. scitella, from which it differs in the narrower anterior 
wings, the different position of the radiating dark lines in the cilia, and in having the 
apical spot from which these lines appear to emanate, black, instead of tawny as in 
scitella. 

Mr. F. Smith exhibited two hermaphrodites in the aculeate Hymenoptera, viz., a 
specimen of Nomada baccata, and of Andrena nitida; in both insects the male cha- 
racters were on the right side of the body. 

Mr. Douglas exhibited pup@ of a Lepidopterous insect found under bark of syca- 
more, and presumed to be those of Stigmonota Regiana; also a living example 
of Trinodes hirtus, and aspecimen of Acrognathus mandibularis, a Coleopterous insect 
new to this country, taken at Darenth Wood, about three years ago. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited a fine specimen of the Carpocapsa, which he had 
recently bred from the Mexican “jumping seeds,” for which he proposed the 
name of 


CaRPoOcaPSA SALTITANS. 


C. Ale anticis griseo-albis cinereo rivulosis ; costa lineolis circiter 16 obliquis alter- 
natim tenuibus, angulo apicali nigricanti playa parva ovali albida ; margine 
postico prope basin macula parva quadrata nigricanti, plagaque postica magna 
conica cinerea, nigro lineata et marginata ; margine apicali griseo plumbeo et 
albo variegato serie duplici punctorum minuiorum nigrorum ; alis posticis fuseis ; 
capite et collari brunnescentibus ; palpis extus fuscis, intus albidis. Expaus. 
alarum antic. lin, 9. 

Hab.—Larva in seminibus plante Peruviane Calliguaja dictw, que motu salta- 
torio mire progrediuntur. 


Mr. Westwood exhibited a drawing, lately received by Mr. Spence from India, of 
the winged male and apterous worker of a species of Dorylus, together with the larva 
and pupa of the latter, which had been communicated to Herr Neitner by the Hon. 
Walter Elliot. The male is of the ordinary Dorylus form, that sex having only 
hitherto been observed, but the worker is a species of Mr. Westwood’s genus 
Typhlopone. Herr Neitner’s letter is as follows :-- 


28 


“ Rambodde, Ceylon, March 24, 1858. 
““W. Spence, Esq., London. 

“ Dear Sir—When at Madras, a few weeks ago, my friend the Hon. Walter 
Elliot showed me an entomological sketch, a copy of which I beg to enclose, asking 
me what the insect represented was. There can be no doubt that it is a Dorylus, and 
of great interest, as it represents two sexes, and as Mr. Elliot has observed their do- 
mestic habits. With regard to the latter, Mr. Elliot states that a couple of years ago 
he found a large society of these insects at Collenada, near Coringa, north of Madras, 
at about 17° N. L. They lived in the manner of ants, under the stone foundations of 
a house built on loose sand, within half-a-mile of the sea-coast: the society was very 
numerous. Mr. Elliot brought away a number of the insects, and had a drawing 
made of them by a native draughtsman: the enclosed sketch is a copy of it, also made 
by a native draughtsman. [The drawing represents the male insect of the natural 
size and in different positions, with magnified details of the antenna, legs and geni- 
talia ; also the worker of the natural size, and magnified with details, and with the 
larva and pupa]. There can be no doubt that these insects are closely allied to the 
social ants. The difference in size of the male and the worker is very remarkable. 
The female remains still to be discovered: still I feel confident that the enclosed 
sketch and Mr. Elliot’s observations will interest you as much as they have interested 
me, and will be generally considered as an acceptable addition to the natural-history 
of the genus Dorylus.” 


Mr. Thwaites, by whom Herr Neitner’s letter was transmitted to Mr. Spence, adds 
that “it is very interesting to find Shuckard’s conjecture that Typhlopone would prove 
to be of the Dorylus family verified. Shuckard’s paper on the subject is in the 
‘Annals of Natural History’ for 1840: his idea of its being a parasite, is, however, 
certainly disproved by this discovery of Mr. Elliot.” 

Mr. Westwood added that Mr. Shuckard, in his ‘ Monograph on the Dorylides,’ 
referred to by Mr. Thwaites, had suggested that Typhlopone was composed of females 
of Labidus, and had consequently removed the former from the family of the ants, 
considering the Dorylides as an osculant family between the Mutillide and Formicidae, 
whereas he (Mr. Westwood), in the Arcana Ent. i. 73, had shown Typhlopone to 
belong to the family of the ants, and had considered the Dorylides as a section of the 
Formicide, doubting, at the same time, the supposed sexual connexion between 
Typhlopone and Labidus. 

Mr. Smith observed that the communication was certainly very interesting: Dr. 
Savage had, however, to his own satisfaction, settled the relationship of Dorylus some 
years ago. In the ‘ Proceedings of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia’ for 1850, a com- 
munication from Dr. Savage states, that he found in Africa a number of specimens 
of Dorylus in company with a new species of Anomma, “ A. rubella, Sav.’; the latter 
he considers to be the workers of Dorylus, yet, notwithstanding this opinion and 
the details given, Mr. Sinith expressed his doubts of there being any specific con- 
nexion between these insects; they were not even found ina nest, but upon the 
ground, the Dorylus being mixed with a procession of Anomma. Although great dis- 
parity in the size of the sexes of some species of ants was well known, no instance of 
the male so greatly exceeding the worker had come under his notice, and in India 
Dorylus was common, whilst Anomma has not yet been found. Mr. Smith was far 
more inclined to adopt the opinion of Dorylus being the male of Typhlopone, but he 


29 


did not consider the communication decisive upon that point ; the Dorylus it appeared 
had been discovered in the same nest, or in company with workers of Typhlopone, but 
the female had not been discovered, and Dorylus might yet prove to be a parasite. 
Mr. Shuckard had suggested the probability of Labidus, the New World representa- 
tive of Dorylus, being the male of ‘Typhlopone; and as the Jatter genus, or one very 
closely resembling it, had been received from Brazil from Mr. Bates, the communica- 
tion, should the connexion therein stated prove eventually to be correct, certainly con- 
firmed Mr. Shuckard’s views. 


Mr. Stainton read the following paper :— 


On the persistence of Species. 


“Some strangely heretical notions were broached at the last Meeting,—at least 
they were such notions as must appear heretical to all who have closely studied 
species. 

“It was suggested that those individuals of a genus which all who have most care- 
fully investigated the subject agree in considering species, were not in reality species, 
but merely varieties, or rather races caused by some modification of habit. The 
statement that different species will, in the larva state, feed on different plants, was 
used in an inverted manner toimply that eggs of one species laid on four or five dif- 
ferent plants will produce apparently as many different species. 

‘““T do not wish in the slightest degree to overstate the new theory, but I cannot 
see that it differs in degree from what I have just mentioned. Species somewhat 
similar feeding on closely allied plants were suggested as probable variations caused 
by the difference of food; but ifa slight difference of food causes a slight apparent 
difference of species, a greater difference of food would of course produce a greater 
apparent difference of species, and thus each genus might be assumed to consist of 
only a single species, varying according to its food and other circumstances. 

‘“‘ Hence species are not; they were merely phantoms of the brain of the naturalist. 

“The difference between the two specimens of Cemiostoma I have exhibited is 
not.a specific difference; Scitella, driven by stress of weather far from its usual food, 
laid eggs on Lotus, and thus produced an apparently new species. It is of course an 
interesting problem whether, if this insect bred fron the Lotus were to deposit eggs 
on an apple-leaf the resuit would not be some other aberrant creature, which the 
first captor would hold to be a new species till an elaborate investigation intu its pedi- 
gree should show that it was descended from Scitella, out of Lotus, by Scitella, 
out of apple. 

“Such theories would never have been started but for the smallness of the 
objects under discussion. 

“T have also brought for exhibition two hitherto reputed distinct species of 
butterflies, of the genus Vanessa ; but as they are very similar in appearance, and feed 
on plants of the same natural order, Urticacee, perhaps the Meeting will now be dis- 
posed to consider Polychloros and Urtice as one species: it will of course be 
remarked that the flight of these two insects is very different, that of Polychloros 
being far the more powerful; but then it must be borne in mind that elm trees grow 
higher than nettles, and consequently a butterfly bred from an elm tree might be 
expected to be endowed, on that very account, with stronger organs of flight. 

“JT could multiply similar instances ad nauseam; but really I feel that 1 am un- 


30 


necessarily taking up the time of this Meeting, and I should not have recurred 
to the subject but for the number of young entomologists who now attend our 
Meetings, on some of whom the idea of gradual developments from one species to 
another might have most injurious effects, were it not briefly, yet effectually, 


exploded.” 


Mr. Westwood considered it would require far greater research than had yet been 
made, and far more argument than the few lines Mr. Stainton had just read, to dis- 
prove the theory he had advanced at the last Meeting, although Mr. Stainton was 
pleased to imagine he had “ effectually exploded” the idea of gradual developments, 
yet he (Mr. Westwood) still maintained that many of the supposed new species of 
Micro-Lepidoptera lately established might be merely modifications of other species 
dependent on diversity of food or other circumstances with which we are not 
acquainted. That many species of animals, including insects, underwent modifica- 
tions and became, so to speak, geographical or structural sub-species was well 
established, as might be seen in Mr. Wollaston’s work on “ Species,” since the publi- 
cation of which a great change had taken place in the minds, especially of German 
naturalists, as to the specific rank of many of the supposed species of Carabideous in- 
sects, which were now sunk into local sub-species. It was not sufficient to say that 
larvee which had fed on the oak, would die rather than feed on any other tree, because 
the experiment was tried with an individual which had already become quercivorous. 
Many of the best botanists had also adopted the theory of local sub-species; it was 
quite necessary to register these permanent or even transitory sub-species, but far 
more philosophical to endeavour to discover the centre, so to speak, from which they 
radiated. : 

Mr, Douglas remarked tbat in some of the species most closely allied, as, for in- 
stance, Cemiostoma Spartifoliella and Laburnella, it was not merely that they fed on 
different plants, but the habit of the larve was totally different, and it would 
be a preposterous doctrine to maintain that the difference of the habit was the cause 
of the modification of the species, and not rather that the habit differed because 
the species were different. 

Mr. Dunning said he was no advocate fur the notion of species gradually 
changing from one form to another. 

Mr. Stainton observed that Mr. Westwood’s remarks went fully the length of 
maintaining the development theory, and in further illustration of the difference of 
habits, showing closely allied species to be distinct, he exhibited larve of M. Mil- 
liére’s new Coleophora Lugduniella, feeding on Vicia Cracca, and larve of C. Vibi- 
cella, on Genista tinctoria; the former larva having an ample silken cloak thrown 
over its black case, and the latter being entirely without the cloak; the former larva 
eating the leaves through into holes, and the latter blotching the leaves in the usual 
Coleophoric fashion. 

Mr. Vardon called the attention of the Meeting to the lamentable state of the 
fruit trees in Worcestershire: a few weeks ago they promised one of the finest crops 
ever seen, which had since been totally destroyed by multitudes of caterpillars, some 
of which he laid before the Meeting. His own orchards were planted with currant 
and gooseberry bushes under the fruit trees, and the caterpillars after defoliating the 
latter, had descended to the former: he would feel much indebted to the members 
present for any suggestions calculated to remedy or mitigate this serious evil: the 
crop on at least 1000 acres being totally destroyed. 


31 


Mr. Westwood observed, with reference to the statement of Mr. Vardon, as to the 
wholesale destruction of the apple crop (as well as of that of the currant and goose- 
berry trees planted under the apples), that the caterpillars which had now proved so 
destructive for several years were those of the winter moth Cheimatobia brumata, and 
that as they were now full-grown, the mischief which they had produced had arrived 
at its height for the present year. The destruction of such of the caterpillars which 
still remained in the trees by beating the branches over large sheets, and which had 
already been practised to a large extent, was still highly desirable ; but Mr. West- 
wood considered that the peculiarities of the perfect insect offered much greater 
facilities for preserving the crop of next year. The habit of the caterpillar to 
descend to the ground and undergo its transformations in the earth, together with the 
fact that the female being wingless, would only be enabled to lay her eggs upon the 
tips of the present year’s shoots (so as to allow the newly hatched larve to find an 
immediate supply of food) by creeping up the trunks of the trees, suggested what 
appeared to be a satisfactory means of combatting this pest. The German horticultu- 
turists had indeed invented a kind of boot or box for the protection of the base of the 
trunk of the tree, composed of four upright boards fixed close round the tree, each 
having a small oblique ridge at the top, the inner surface which was kept (during the 
months of October and November when the perfect insects appear) moistened with gas 
tar or other sticking matter, which caught the females as they endeavoured to ascend 
the trees. It would also be very advisable at the same period of the year, either to 
remove and burn the earth beneath the trees to the depth of several inches, in order 
to carry away and destroy the chrysalids, or to beat the surface hard so as to prevent 
the moths making their escape to the open air. Children might also easily be trained 
to watch for and destroy the females when they make their appearance. They, how- 
ever, rapidly ascend the trees so that much vigilance is required. It had been asked 
whether it would not be advisable to destroy the apple trees in order to save the goose- 
berry and currant trees beneath, but this appeared a proceeding very doubtful of suc- 
cess, as the insects certainly first attacked the apples, and the destruction of the latter 
would only increase their attacks on the other trees. 

Mr. W. W. Saunders read “ Descriptions of some new species of the genus 
Erycina.” 


July 7, 1858. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented 
to the donors: —‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. ix., No. 31; presented by 
the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for July ; by the Editor. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 27; 
by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘Bulletins de Academie Royale des Sciences, des 
Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique, 2me Série, Tomes i., ii. et iii.; ‘ Mémoires 
Couronnés,, Tome vii.; by the Academy. ‘ The Classed Catalogue of the Educational 
Division of the South Kensington Museum’; by the Committee. ‘The Literary 
Gazette’ for June; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for June; by the Editor. 


32 


‘The Journal of the Society of Arts ;’ by the Society. ‘A Manual of British Butter- 
flies and Moths,’ No. 18; ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 89, 90, 
91 and 92; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. 


@ 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Smith exhibited some insects of various orders collected at Sierra Leone by 
Mr. Foxcroft, upon which Mr. Adam White communicated the following notes :— 


Anthocharis Evippe, male and female. 

Philognoma Varanes. Found in West Africa as well as South Africa. 

Romaleosoma Ceres. A genus of many species, of sombre and yet not unhandsome 
butterflies, peculiar to West Africa. 

The large black Hesperia (Mars. ?) and two or three other interesting species may 
be specified. 

Pontia Narica. Connecting Pontia with Leucophasia. 

Myrina Alcides or an allied species. It would be very valuable to ascertain 
the transformations of this fine butterfly and of the allied genus Tolaus. 

Acrea Circeis, Westw. There are several species of Acrea in this little col- 
lection ; Acrea Euryta, var., with its spined chrysalis, and Acrea Quirina, a lovely 
species. 

The sugar-cane Nonagria, very like the one figured by Landsdown Guilding, from 
the West Indies. 

Of Sphingide, Daphnis Nerii, so widely distributed, and Acherontia Atropos, 
whose fuod-plants are also widely spread, may be specified. 

The fig-tree feeder is one of the most interesting moths in the collection; it 
belongs to the same group as Cossus and Zeuzera, and may prove a genus allied to 
Langsdorfia from Brazil and Cossodes from King George’s Sound. 

Massaga Hesparia, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. in Brit. Mus., pt. 2, p. 358. (Phalena 
Hesparia, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. p. 87, pl. 56, f. C). 

We have an imperfect specimen of this in the British Museum from Sierra Leone, 
where it was found by the Rey. D. F. Morgan. Cramer published it as from 
Demerara, but Morgan’s, and again Foxcroft’s capture of it as well as its affinities, 
show that Sierra Leone is its real habitat. 

Thyridopteryx Sierricola, White. Male. Antennis subfuscis pallidulis, alis hya- 
linis, argenteo-nitidis, anticis ad basin plaga atra longi-squamulata, thorace lana alba 
sericea longa induto. Hab.—Sierra Leone. 

An interesting member of a genus which doubtless abounds in species. Mr. 
Westwood’s monographs of these “Arcana” will require shortly a new edition. This 
should be figured with its chrysalis, cocoon, &c. 

Of Orthoptera, there may be specified a curious Hymenotes with its Membracis- 
like aspect, a very interesting Mantidous insect allied to one described by Westwood. 

Of Coleoptera there are several species, some of which are Myrmecophilous and 
Staphylinidous. 

Of Geodephaga, an Acanthogenius, and a Cicindela, allied to nitidula. 

Of Lamellicorns (and the Cetoniadous family in particular) may be specified 
Plesiorhina recurva (Fabr.), Schaum. ; Pachnoda fimbriata (Gory § Perch), Burm.— 
perhaps only a variety of P. olivacea ; Pachnoda marginella. 


33 


Of Longicorns, the Mallodon and Hammaticherus, with their transformations, are 
interesting. 

Of Neuroptera, the male Termes is worthy of notice. 

And lastly, of the Spiders; there is the large Nephila, belonging to the same 
group as our garden Epeira Diadema, and which makes very thick silken ropes, 
which the late Mr. Whitfield once told Mr. White were so strong, that in the forest 
the wanderer must take care of his face, as he might, if careless, be hurt by coming 
against them. 


Mr. Smith also exhibited some interesting nests of Hymenoptera sent by Mr. Fox- 
croft from Sierra Leone, amongst which was that of a species of Vespa, formed of a 
perfectly white material; and a leaf from the same locality covered with small purse- 
shaped galls, from which a minute black species of Thrips had been bred. 

Mr. Westwood observed that although the species of Thrips were certainly 
insectivorous, yet that certain species were well known as being amongst the greatest 
pests to the horticulturist, puncturing the leaves of melon, cucumber and other 
greenhouse plants; the discovery that any species of this group formed galls was cer- 
tainly quite a new fact, although from the great analogy with the Aphides, it was not 
improbable that they might be gallicolous, in the same way as certain Aphide forming 
the genus Byrsocrypta. 

Mr. Walker also suggested that it was not improbable that the small finger-like 
galls found so constantly on lime-tree leaves, and of which he had never observed the 
inhabitants, were also the production of Thrips. 

Mr. Westwood, in reference to the exhibition by Mr. Janson, at the preceding 
Meeting, of a minute species of Heteropterous Hemiptera found in ants’- nests, now 
exhibited the type specimen of his Microphysa pselaphiformis, together with a speci- 
men of Microphysa myrmecobia of Germar, which last was identical with Mr. Jan- 
son’s insect, although it was certainly not congenerical with the British type of the 
genus, which had abbreviated elytra, whereas they entirely cover the abdomen in M. 
myrmecobia, although destitute of an apical membrane. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited a small box of insects sent home by Mr. Shield from 
Bahia. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited some leaves mined by the larve of Nepticule also sent 
from Babia by Mr. Shield, and being the first tropical examples ever brought to this 
country. 

Mr. Stainton also exhibited specimens of Anthrocera Minos found on the west 
coast of Scotland; and the larve of Cemiostoma lotella, mining the leaves of Lotus 
major, in which they had been found in some plenty by Mr. T. Wilkinson. 


Mr. Westwood would take this opportunity of correcting the erroneous view which 
Mr. Stainton had taken of the remarks made by him on specific differences, at the last 
Meeting, asserting in the report of the Meeting published in ‘The Entomologist’s 
Weekly Intelligencer, p. 95, that they went fully the length of maintaining the 
development theory,—that is, the theory advocated by the Lamarckian and ‘ Vestiges 
of Creation’ schools, that an animal in a series of ages is able to develope itself into a 
totally different kind of creature; that a mouse, for instance, anxious to fly, is able 
after a long series of generations to acquire wings like a bat. Mr. Westwood, on the 
contrary, affirmed the identity and permanence of species, but insisted not only on the 
possibility of the modification of individuals composing the species, but also on the 

EF 


34 


permanence of such modifications of specific forms through several or even many 
generations, so long, in fact, as the disturbing influences which produced the modifi-~ 
cation remained at work. It was by this kind of radiation from a central specific type 
that geographical varieties were produced and perpetuated; and thus, for instance, 
Mr. Westwood was induced to regard all the species of Ornithoptera allied to O. Pria- 
mus, recently proposed by himself and others, as modified sub-species or local varieties 
of that insect. So also were produced by the agency of man himself the different 
varieties of the silk-worm, so well known in the ‘‘magnaneries” of the South 
of France and Italy. He believed that if many of the Micro-Lepidoptera regarded by 
Mr. Stainton as distinct species were really such, they would exhibit tangible struc- 
tural modifications in the length and form of the joints of the palpi, the number of 
joints in the antenne, the structure of the veins of the wings, or of the tarsi. Mr. 
Stainton had, however, failed in describing any such characteristic modifications. 

Mr. Stainton observed that he should consider that such differences as Mr. West- 
wood alluded to would be generic, not specific. 

Dr. Gray maintained the existence of permanent and geographical varieties in all 
classes of animals, from Mammalia downwards. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited a few insects collected in Madagascar by Madame Pfeiffer, 
amongst which was a fine species of Calandra. 

Mr. Mitford exhibited a beautiful Noctua (Brana calopasa) from Ceylon, and gave 
the following interesting account of the habits of the species, communicated by E. L. 
Mitford, Esq.:— One morning in March, about seven o'clock, I saw a cloud of these 
moths whirling and sporting round the trunk of a large tree. After continuing their 
gyrations for half an hour, they gradually settled in a large patch on the shady side of 
the tree, forming a sort of thatch, the wings of one row overlapping the bodies of the 
next, when they appeared like an excrescence on the bark, which they resembled in 
colour: this habit is very peculiar to this moth, as it is very uncommon for moths to 
go in swarms.” 

; Cells of the Honey Bee. 


Mr. Tegetmeier stated that he had recently made some experiments with a view of 
ascertaining whether the cells of the hive-bee were formed hexagonally, or whether 
such form was the result of lateral pressure, or rather the natural result of placing 
cells close together without any loss of space; with this object in view he had placed 
pieces of wax on the bars of one of “ Wildman’s” hives and watched the bees com- 
mence excavating therein; the cells formed, invariably proved cylindrical. They 
were, however, not in juxtaposition, as in the normal comb. 

Mr. Tegetmeier also expressed his conviction that the cells of bees were also ~ 
formed in the first instance with a hemispherical base, having observed the deposition 
of the foundations of numbers of cells on the under side of one of the bars of his leaf- 
hive, which he had removed shortly after the swarm had been hived into it ; and also 
that the outer portion of each cell was also cylindrical until a fresh cell was added on 
its outer side, when the cell became an inner one, and ils outer sides transformed into 
an hexagon. 

Dr. Gray contended that the hexagonal form was undoubtedly tbe result of lateral 
pressure, if cylinders composed of any yielding substance (vermicelli for example) 
were placed side by side and subjected to such pressure, they were invariably forced 
into the hexagonal form ; he considered the attempt made by Natural Theologians 
to prove that the formation of an hexagonal rather than a cylindrical cell indicated 


35 


the possession of a greater degree of Divine wisdom bestowed on the insect, was the 
greatest piece of humbug they had ever brought forward. 

Mr. Smith had tried the experiment with cylinders formed of paper pasted 
together, but failed in producing the result stated by Dr. Gray; he was not prepared 
to argue or to express any opinion upon the formation of the cells of the hive-bee, but 
he was prepared to show that the common wasp (Vespa vulgaris) constructed her 
hexagonal cells upon as predetermined a plan as a mason would build a stack 
of hexagonal chimnies.. When the wasp commences the construction of her nest, 
having found or formed a suitable cavity, she begins by making three circular saucer- 
shaped receptacles, in each of which she deposits an egg; she then proceeds to form 
other similar shaped receptacles, until the eggs first deposited are hatched and the 
young grubs require a share of her attention. From the circular bases she now begins 
to raise her hexagoual cells — not building them up at once, but from time to time 
raising them as the young grubs grow: this is all effected by the mother-wasp, un- 
assisted by a single worker; and it must be borne in mind, that she works with no 
plastic material like wax, and that the hexagonal cells are built, course by course, like 
layers of brickwork. There was fortunately in a box upon the table a specimen of a 
small nest of a Brazilian wasp, (Polybia): these wasps construct in the first place 
a comb of hexagonal cells, having, like that of the common wasp, circular bases; over 
the first comb they construct a flat covering or roof, and by this time the grubs are all 
full-fed and the cells closed in; the wasps now commence a second comb, and the flat 
roof serves as the foundation to build upon: they form no cup-shaped bases, but 
build up the walls of the hexagons as regularly as a mason would erect hexagonal 
chimneys; in some instances, as might be seen in the nest before the Meeting, only 
the foundation of the first plane of the hexagon is laid down, in another case two, 
in another three, and so on; but that wasps ever build cylinders, which afterwards 
become hexagons, in Mr. Smith’s opinion, has no foundation in fact. 

Mr. Tegetmeier added that he did not consider his experiments as conclusive evi- 
dence on the subject; he intended to repeat them and to ascertain, if possible, what 
use was made of the wax taken from the excavations formed in the pieces of wax 
which he provided to the bees, and, with that object in view, proposed to colour the 
wax with Alkanet root before placing it on the bars of the hive. 

Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited to the Meeting a new observatory hive which he had 
lately constructed, having the sides each composed of three plates of glass placed 
about a quarter of an inch apart, and each made perfectly air-tight at the junction 
with the frame ; by this contrivance he considered a nearly uniform temperature would 
be maintained in the hive despite external atmospheric changes. 


Part 8 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table. 


August 2, 1858. 


J.O. Westwoop, Esq., V.-P., in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 
donors:—‘ The Natural History Review, Vol. v. No.3; presented by the Dublin 


36 


University Zoological Association. ‘The Zoologist’ for August; by the Editor. 
‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 19; ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly 
Intelligencer, Nos. 983—96; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for 
July; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for July; by the Editor. 
Four specimens of Laverva phragmitella; by A. F. Sealy, Esq. 


Election of a Member. 


George Fenning, Esq., of Lloyd’s, London, was balloted for and elected a Member 
of the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Knaggs exhibited a box of beautiful Lepidoptera and other orders of insects 
from Demerara. 

Mr.Waring exhibited a fine male specimen of Notodonta bicolora, a species hitherto 
unrecorded as British, taken by Mr. Bouchard, in July last, near Killarney. 

Mr. Hunter exhibited five specimens of Trochilium Chrysidiformis and Spilodes 
palealis, taken near Folkestone. 

Dr. Wallace exhibited the following insects, taken in the Isle of Wight this season, 
viz., Micra ostrina (two specimens), a species hitherto recorded as British on the 
authority of a single example, taken many years since, by the late Captain Blomer, near 
Bideford; fine specimens of Spilodes silacealis; a Nola, apparently distinct from the 
known British species; and a fine series (including both sexes) of Phibalapteryx gem- 
maria, amongst which, he observed, were specimens similar to those recently recorded 
in this country as P. fluviata. 

Mr. Westwood read a letter from Herr Nietner, received by Mr. Spence, recording 
the discovery, in Ceylon, of a Strepsipterous insect, parasitic on anant. Mr. West- 
wood exhibited drawings, and read a description of the species, drawn up from the 
mutilated examples which accompanied Herr Nietner’s letter, proposing for it the name 
of Myrmecolax Nietneri. 

Mr. Walker read a paper on ‘ Undescribed Neuroptera in the Collection of W. W. 
Saunders, Esq.’ 


September 6, 1858. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 
donors :—‘ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ Nos.4d—9; presented by the Entomo- 
logical Society of Stettin. The ‘ Zoologist’ for September; by the Editor. The 
‘Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xix. Part 1; by the 
Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Vol. iii. No. 9; by the 
Society. ‘ Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of the Hon. East India Company,’ 
by Thomas Horsfield, M. and Ph. D., F. BR. S., Keeper of the Company’s Museum, and 
Frederic Moore, Assistant; by the Court of Directors. The ‘Journal of the Society of 
Arts’ for August ; by the Society. The‘ Literary Gazette’ for August ; by the Editor. 
The Atheneum ’ for August ; by the Editor. 


37 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Janson exhibited, on the part of Mr. H. Squire, a box of Coleoptera, collected 
by him during a visit which he had just made to the Shetland Isles, and remarked, that 
considering the period of the year at which this trip was undertaken, his short stay of 
a week only, and the limited district which he had investigated (for the unpropitious 
state of the weather had precluded him from extending his excursions beyond three 
miles from Lerwick) the series now before the Meeting must be looked upon as highly 
satisfactory. The number of species amounts to one hundred and twenty-five, and, 
although the major portion of them are forms familiar to every London entomologist, 
still there are among them several to which he would direct the attention of the 
Meeting. 

The first of these is apparently a species altogether new to the British list, the 
veritable Nebria (Carabus) nivalis of Paykull, which Drs. Kraatz and Schaum have 
recently shown is not identical with N. Gyllenhalli, Schomh., as had been generally 
supposed. The specimens now under consideration differ from N.Gyllenhalli (the 
ci-devant nivalis of British collections) in having a smaller thorax, which is more 
narrowed posteriorly ; the striz on the elytra are much shallowed, and the impressed 
points or punctures much more evident; and, moreover, the femora are black, the tibie 
and tarsi alone being red. 

The second is a Patrobus which does not entirely correspond with the P. excavatus, 
Payk., Dawson, differing in having the thorax shorter and more rounded at the sides 
and its sculpture coarser; it appears to agree with an insect taken by Mr. Murray in 
the Clova Mountains, by the Rev. Hamlet Clark in North Wales, and by Dr. Power 
in Lancashire. Mr. Squire, who has compared it with continental specimens of 
P. lapponicus, Chand., in the national collection, refers it to that species. 

The third is a species of Hydroporus manifestly differing from any at present in our 
list, and which the Rev. Hamlet Clark considers will, in all probability, prove to be 
the H. Lapponum of Gyllenhal. 

Fourthly, Hydroporus halensis. 

Fifthly, Otiorbynchus maurus. 

And lastly, an Omalium, which is scarcely referrible to any of the recorded species. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Pieris Daplidice, taken by Mr. Spencer, near 
the South Foreland lighthouse, on the 6th of August last. 

The Rev. Hamlet Clark exhibited a box of Coleoptera, recently taken by Dr. Power 
in Lancashire, containing an extensive series of Bembidia, and numerous rare 
Stapbylinide, &c.; also a singular monstrosity of Bembidium concinnum, having 22 
tarsi on one of the fore legs; a specimen of Euryporus picipes, taken at Preston Marsh 
by Mr. Graham; and Hydroporus ferrugineus, also from Lancashire, being a new 
locality for that rare species. He also exhibited a specimen of Opilus univittatus, 
Rossi, a species hitherto considered peculiar to Italy, which had been sent alive in a 
pill-box to Mr. Baly, by a lady residing at Malvern. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited a small box of insects, sent by Mr. Shield from Monte 
Video, containing, amongst other minute Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, a singular 
species allied to Claviger, found in ants’ nests, and a Lithocolletis closely allied to 
L. lautella of Europe. 

Mr. Douglas exhibited an apparently new species of Coleophora, found amongst 
Atriplex, at Seaford, in Sussex ; also a small Heterocerus, and a Bryaxis, of which he 


38 


had been unable to determine the species, found in the mud under stones in the same 
locality. 

Mr. McLachlan exhibited an Acrobasis, new to Britain, taken at Forest Hill, which 
My. Stainton had pronounced to be A. rubrotibiella of Mann., a species hitherto 
only found near Vienna: it is closely allied to A. tumidella, though sufficiently distinct, 
as pointed out by Fischer-von-Roslerstamm in his illustrated work. 

Mr. Bond exhibited four fine bred specimens of Carpocapsa saltatans, Westw., 
with the pupa cases and seeds from which they had emerged. 

Mr. Waring exhibited a singular pale variety of Poecilocampa Populi. 

Mr. Adam White exhibited the flat pupa-case of a Cebrionideous genus from North 
China, and remarked on the vast field of research still open to entomologists in the 
transformations of Coleoptera. He also communicated the following :— 


“Mr F. G. Nicolay, a promising young naturalist, who lately went to St. Salvador, 
Brazil, sent over, within a week or two of his landing, a box containing the following 
insects. The list may be not unworthy the notice of the Members, and its publication 
may encourage youthful entomologists to persevere, and ascend from collecting to 
observing transfurmations :— 


Papilio Thoas Vanessa Lavinia 
»  Polydamas Anarta Iatrophe 

Heliconia Halia >», Amalthea 
Evides Dianasa Heterochroa Cytherea 
Mechanitis Lysimnia Argynnis Hegesia ? 
Agraulis Vanille Didonis Biblis 

»  dulia Polyommatus and three or four 
Danais Gilippus Hesperie. 

»  Archippus 
Terias He : Beetles. 

» Mana Phanzas Jasius (very common) 
Callidryas Eubule RA principalis 
Ageronia Ferentina Cyclocephala melanocephala ? ” 


Mr. Tegetmeier observed it was generally believed that pollen was only used as 
fuod for the larve of bees, and not by the perfect insects; he had, however, frequently 
observed bees on the alighting-board of a hive, especially in dull weather, eating the 
pollen from the legs of their companions as they arrived. He had continued the 
experiments detailed by him at the July Meeting of the Society, with a view of 
ascertaining the cause of the hexagonal form of the cells of the hive bee, and found 
that when excavating in a solid mass of wax they always formed cylinders, but on the 
sides of the cells approximating they invariably became hexagonal; he considered 
therefore that the hexagonal form resulted simply from the cells being constructed with 
a view to the greatest economy of space, and not from any predetermined plan on the 
part of the bees. 

Mr. Lubbock remarked that Mr. Darwin had made similar experiments to those 
described by Mr. Tegetmeier, with precisely the same results. 

Mr. Smith maintained the assertions made by him at the July Meeting that in 
wasps’ nests the cells are constructed of an hexagonal form, and do not acquire it from 
compression or any other cause. He exhibited the nest formed by the female of Vespa 


39 


vulgaris in the spring, as sufficient proof that the hexagonal form was not caused by 
two insects working at the same time at the formation of adjoining cells, as had been 
suggested to be the cause with bees ; he also exhibited nests of a South American spe- 
cies of Polybia, and of Icaria guttatipennis, in which he observed the outside cells 
were as angular as those in the centre of the layers of comb, thus proving that the 
hexagonal form could not, in these instances, result from lateral pressure. 

Dr. Gray observed that the theory of lateral pressure certainly was not applicable 
to the cells of wasps, as they are constructed of a material, which when once hardened 
never alters its form. 

Mr. Downie exhibited a small observatory hive of his own invention, fixed on the 
top of the stock hive, and a hive, constructed by him, with an improved mode of 
ventilation. 


October 4, 1858. 
J. O. Westwoopn, Esq. V.P., in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors : —‘ Biblotheca Historico-naturalis. Achter Jahrgang, von Ernst A. 
Zuchold ;’ presented by the Editor. ‘ Proceedings of the Zvological Society, Nos. 
350 to 362; by the Society. ‘Proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 32; by 
the Society. ‘ Mémoires d’ Entomologie publiées par la Société Entomologique des 
Pays-bas, Livraisons, 4,5 and 6; by the Society. ‘The Journal of the Society of 
Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for October; by the Editor. 
‘ The Literary Gazette’ for September; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for Sep- 
tember; by the Editor. ‘The Natural History of the Tineina,’ Vol. iii.; ‘ Manual of 
British Moths and Butterflies, Nos. 20 and 21 ; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelli- 
gencer’ for 1858; the same, No. 105; by H.T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ Monographie des 
Elaterides,’ par M. E. Candize, Tome Premier ; by the Author. 


Election of Members. 
R. H. Mitford, Esq., of Haverstock Place, Hampstead, was ballotted for and 


elected a Member; and W. H. Allchin, Esq., 7, Pembridge Villas, Bayswater, 
a Subscriber to the Society. 
Evhibitions. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Boyd, some of the latter gentleman’s 
most interesting captures in Cornwall this summer, interesting not merely as species 
new to our lists, but from the fact that some of these insects had only hitherto been 
found in the Mediterranean or at Madeira. ‘The principal species exhibited were 

1. Diasemia Ramburialis, of which Mr. Boyd had only taken a single specimen ; 
this species was first detected in the Island of Corsica. 

2. Gelechia leucomelanella, a conspicuous black and white species, hitherto known 
only as a native of Central Europe, bred from Silene maritima. 

3. Gelechia Cornubie, n. s. (or a variety of Solutella); this was not scarce among 
the Cornish heath (Erica vagans), 


4. Gelechia Ocellatella,n.s., bred from Beta maritima; this species had been 
obtained in Madeira by Mr. Wollaston. 


40 


5. Glyphipteryx schenicolella, n. s., allied to G. oculatella ; these were bred from 
the heads of Scheenus nigricans. 

6. A series of Hlachista triseriatella and dispunctella, clearly showing that those 
two species were merely forms of one and the same. 


Mr. A. F. Sheppard exhibited, on behalf of Mr. C. 8. Gregson, specimens 
of Peronea Potentillana, Cooke, recently described as a distinct species in the 
‘ Zoologist’; Mr. Sheppard expressed his opinion that the insects in question were 
varieties of P. Schalleriana. 

Mr. Edleston sent for exhibition a series of specimens, from which it was evident 
that the so-called species is a mere variety. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited some beautiful butterflies taken by Mr. Wallace in Celebes, 
amongst which were both sexes of Ornithoptera Remus and O. Haliphron, Papilio 
Androcles, and two undescribed species of that genus, some fine Pieride, &c. 

Mr. Bond exhibited two bred specimens of Xanthia gilvago, and an example of 
Agrotis saucia, in most perfect condition, which was infested by hundreds of a small 
Acarus, of a species unknown to the Members present. 

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some Noctue, &c. lately taken at Camden Town, observing 
that the occurrence of such species close to the metropolis was interesting ; they 
included Agrotis saucia, A. corticea, and A. ravida, Gortyna micacea, Endorea Cem- 
bre, &c.; he also exhibited some larve of a species of Dynastes, from Demerara, pre- 
served in spirits, and a small female of a Termes from the same locality. 

Mr. Stevens stated that he has recently been informed by a letter from Mr. H. W. 
Bates, that the small pale Scarites taken by him on the Amazons, and briefly charac- 
terized by Mr. Westwood, at the February Meeting of the Society, by the name of 
Solenogenys feda, was an inhabitant of the nests of white ants. 

Mr. Robinson exhibited specimens of Lamophleus Clematidis, found in the stems 
of the Clematis Vitalba, near Gravesend. 

Mr. Piffard exhibited a collection of insects, consisting chiefly of Coleoptera and 
Lepidoptera, which he had recently made in Nova Scotia and the vicinity of Demerara 
River. 

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of the Netherlands. 

Mr. Westwood called attention to the recently published ‘ Memoirs of the 
Entomological Society of the Netherlands, as containing many beautiful figures and 
valuable papers; he observed that the long illness and subsequent death of Dr. De 
Haan had caused the collections at the Leyden Museum to be much neglected ; he 
was, however, happy to say that his successor, Mr. 8. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven, 
was going energetically to work, and had recently shown hin some excellent 
drawings intended to illustrate the work before him. The Leyden Museum was par- 
ticularly rich in the insects of the Indian islands, such as the industry of Mr. Wallace 
was now adding to our British collections. 

Mr. Westwood added that the drawers containing the larger Lepidoptera in the 
collection alluded to were constructed with glass bottoms, the insects being pinned to 
narrow slips of cork affixed thereto ; this plan obviated the necessity of taking out the 
specimens to examine the under side, as to do so it was only necessary to turn the 
drawer upside down. 

Bees Feeding on Pollen. 


Mr. Tegetmeier stated that with a view to prove more satisfactorily that bees 
devoured pollen in their perfect state, he had driven the stocks from two ordinary 


41 


straw hives into one of his bee hives, placing in the box above it some old comb filled 
with pollen, which was speedily eaten by the bees, although as there was a quantity of 
syrup in the food-pan, they were certainly not driven to devour it from hunger: he 
exhibited the empty comb to the Meeting, observing that the only mention made by 
any writer on bees of pollen being eaten by the perfect insects was in ‘ Kirby and 
Spence’s Introduction to Bitdurblogiy? 

Mr. Tegetmeier added that Mr. Darwin has lately coloured the margin of some 
cells in the course of construction, and found that the bees remasticated the coloured 
wax and used it in the formation of the cells, thus proving that they can work up old 
material. 


Cylindrical forms of Cells. 


Mr. Smith observed that the theory advanced by Mr. Waterhouse in the ‘ Penny 
Cyclopedia,’ of the bees first making cylindrical excavations, only separated from 
each other by the thickness of the walls of the intended hexagons at their points of 
contact, certainly in his opinion, would render it absolutely necessary that the bee, or 
wasp working, should be able to insert its head into the excavations, otherwise, how 
could they possibly form the planes of the hexagons? Now, that such could not be 
the case in building the cells of the wasp, he was prepared to prove. Mr. Smith ex- 
hibited the spring nest of Vespa vulgaris, in which the mother-wasp had constructed 
about thirty cells, seven only being carried up to their full height, which contained 
each a grub or a pupa, so that no worker had escaped ; the cells being of such a size 
that by no possibility could the head of the builder be inserted into them; this, he con- 
tended, was in his mind decisive against the theory alluded to, at least it was not 
applicable to the building of the nests of the Vespide. 

Mr. Smith also called particular attention to a singular fact, namely, that in the 
nest of the wasp the smallest cells were built in the spring nests by the largest indi- 
vidual, the female; whilst the largest cells, those required for the females and males, 
were built in the summer by the smallest individuals, the workers; now, as he under- 
stood the Waterhousian theory, the size of the planes of the hexagon, were determined 
by the distance the insects excavating could reach with its mandibles, if such were the 
case, how was it possible to reconcile the above facts with the theory of the ‘ Penny 


Cyclopedia.’ 
Mr. Westwood could not imagine how the female wasp constructed the beautiful 


little nest before the Meeting without inserting her head into the cells, but it evidently 
was quite impossible for the insect to do so, as stated by Mr. Smith. 


November 1, 1858. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors:—‘ Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, Tomes iii. and iv.; pre- 
sented by the Societé Linnéenne de Lyon. ‘Annales des Sciences Physiques et 

G 


42 


naturelles, d’Agriculture et d’Industrie, publiées par la Société imperiale d’ Agriculture, 
&c. de Lyon, 2iéme Serie, Tome viii., 3iéme Serie, Tome i.; by the Society. 
‘Mémoires de Académie impériale des Sciences, Belles-lettres et Arts de Lyon. 
Classe des Lettres, Tomes v. and vi.; Classe des Sciences, Tomes vi. and vii. ; by the 
Society. ‘Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen in Wien,’ Vol. vii.; also 
‘ Personen-Orts und Sach Register der fiinf usten Jahrginge der Sitzungsberichte und 
Abhandlungen ;’ by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical 
Society of Liverpool? No. 12; by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 28; by 
W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘ List of Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Gollection 
of the British Museum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part xv. Noctuide ; by the 
Author. The ‘ Zoologist’ for November; by the Editor. The ‘ Literary Gazette’ 
for October ; by the Editor. The ‘ Journal of the Society of Arts ;’ by the Editor. A 
‘Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 22; The ‘ Entomologist’s Weekly 
Intelligencer’ for October ; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. Six specimens of Agrotis saucia ; 
by F. Bond, Esq. 


Election of a Member. 


Robert Slade, Esq., of 36, Gillingham Street, Pimlico, was balloted for and 
elected a member of the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of a new British Noctua, Micra parva, taken at 
Torquay by Dr. Battersby: that gentleman had made a careful investigation of the 
cliffs at Torquay, in June last, in consequence of his daughter having met with a 
specimen of Micra ostrina, and the result was several more specimens of M. ostrina, 
and with them two M. parva, which he at first mistook for small females of M. ostrina: 
“they lay very close amongst the grass and brambles, and when disturbed did not fly 
more than a yard or two.” 

Mr. Gorham exhibited the living larve of Coleophora Virgaurez, from Westerham, 
Kent. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited beautiful examples of Acherontia Atropos and Sphinx 
Convolvuli, and remarked on the usefulness of setting out the legs of specimens of 
Lepidoptera, which has hitherto been much neglected by entomologists in this 
county. 

Mr. Smith exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Plant, the following Coleoptera, viz :— 
Tropiderus sepicola, from Buddon Wood; Zeugophora flavicollis, from Martinshaw 
Wood, Lincolnshire ; and Orsodacna humeralis, captured in Birkland Forest, Notting- 
hamshire. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited some fine Coleoptera, taken by Mr. A. R. Wallace in 
Celehbes. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited an ant, from South America, destitute of eyes ; the 
specimen had been obtained by him on his recent visit to Denmark. Mr. Smith 
believed the insect pertained to the genus Eciton. 

Mr. Bond exhibited, on behalf of Mr. A. F. Sealy, two specimens of Luperina 
Dumerilii, taken in the South of England during the past season. 

Mr. Stevens read some extracts from a letter received from Mr. Diggles, of More- 
ton Bay, on the Entomology of that part of Australia, and stated that he had received 
a letter from M. Mouhot, who had undertaken a journey to Siam in quest of 


43 


objects of Natural History, announcing his arrival at Sincapore in September 
last. 

Mr. Wilkins observed that he had lately had a female of Acherontia Atropos 
brought to him, which, on being placed under a tumbler, had deposited eggs; it was 
usually considered that the autumnal specimens of this and other allied species were 
invariably barren. 

Mr. Dutton had lately obtained a female of Acherontia Atropos which contained 
no ova. 


December 7, 1858. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors:—‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ Année 
1857, Nos. 2—4; 1858, No.1; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings 
of the Linnean Society, Vol. iii, No. 10; by the Society. The ‘ Natural History 
Review,’ Vol. v., No. 4; by the Dublin University Zoological Association. The 
‘ Zoologist’ for December; by the Editor. The ‘Atheneum’ for November; by the 
Editor. The ‘ Literary Gazette’ for November; by the Editor. The ‘Journal of the 
Society of Arts’ for November; hy the Society. A ‘ Manual of British Butterflies 
and Moths, No. 23; The ‘ Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 110—114; by 
H. T. Stainton, Esy. ‘ Description de diverses espéces nouvelles ou peu connues des 
Genre Scolia’ par H. de Saussure; by the Author. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of minute Coleoptera, chiefly Staphylinide, sent by 
Mr. Wallace from Celebes, amongst which were several species of Philonthi and Steni. 
He observed that he was informed by Mr. Wallace that the Staphylinidwe were no 
doubt as numerous in the tropics as in more temperate regions, if assiduously searched 
for. 

Mr. Stevens also exhibited two fine longicorn beetles, Phosphorus angulator and 
Tragocephala pulchella, from Sierra Leone. 

Mr. Bond exhibited a specimen of Acherontia Atropos, having the markings of 
both the anterior and posterior wings on the right side much more suffused than 
usual. 

Dr. Wallace exhibited a box of Lepidoptera taken in the Isle of Wight during 
the past summer: it contained a fine specimen of Catephia alchymista, a Noctua new 
to Britain, taken in September last; a specimen of Laphygma exigua, attracted by 
light, also in September ; Heliothis armigera ; Leucania vitellina ; specimens of Micra 
ostrina, taken in June and August, and an example of Nola centonalis, attracted by 
light the first week in July. 

Mr. Smith exhibited some beech leaves from Fontainebleau Forest, infested by 
galls formed by Cecidomyia Fagi: he observed that the species was mentioned by 
Mr. Walker in the third volume of the ‘ Insecta Britannica,’ p. 131, as found on beech 


trees in Switzerland, &c. 


44 


Mr. Smith also exhibited specimens of Ponera contracta, found by Mr. Squire in 
a bakehouse near Burton Crescent. 

Mr. Westwood observed that the first recorded British example of this species was 
found by him in St. James’s Park. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited a specimen of Solpuga fatalis, a large and very poisonous 
spider from India. 


Mr. Westwood stated that the binding of the books in the library of a lady residing 
at Oxford had lately been found to be much injured by a Lepidopterous larva, 
apparently that of Endrosis fenestrella. 


The Secretary read the following, from a letter addressed by Mr. H. W. Bates to 
Mr. Stevens :— 

“ Ega, September 29th, 1858. 

“The two species of Cymindis you mention as interesting things contained in my 
last collection were taken under extraordinary circumstances, which I think are wotth 
relating, although there is nothing of scientific importance connected with the 
subject. One only is a Cymindis, the largest of eight or ten species: I have found 
all but this one about roots of herbage in sandy, partly sheltered places ; the other 
metallic species, so similar to the Cymindis in its rufous square humeral patch, 
is really a Coptodera or new genus allied thereto,—all the allied species of which, at 
least twenty taken here, are found coursing over the bark of decaying trees. These 
two species, however, were not taken in their proper habitats, but cast ashore on the 
sandy beach near the town after a stormy night on the lake. I found them together 
with vast multitudes of other insects; in fact, there was a ridge of sediment along the 
beach, a mile in length, composed almost entirely of insects. It is remarkable that a 
great number of the species I have never been able to obtain in any other manner. 
The causes of the phenomenon I suppose to be these,—premising that it occurs only 
once annually, atthe end of August, during stormy, changeable weather, which follows 
the first heats of the fine season: —a sultry night attracts vast numbers of nocturnal 
insects from the forest to fly about over the lake; a squall of cool wind arrives sud- 
denly from the opposite shores, and the wind and chilled temperature cast the myriads 
of gambolling insects into the water, the swell afterwards casting them on the beach. 
It is a proof of the vast number of the nocturnal insects in the tropics. The greater 
proportion consists of Coleoptera ; there are also many Hemiptera and moths; even 
small birds, Cerabz and others. 

“The Coleoptera consist chiefly of vast numbers of Scaritide, from minute species 
less than the Dyschirius gibbus of Europe to large Scarites, 14 inch long; some of 
them of very singular forms, such as Oxystomus, Stratiotes, and some, I think, new 
genera; the most remarkable of which Mr. Westwood has recently described 
as Solenogenys feeda. There are also many Truncatipennes, chiefly of genera 
Polystichus, Zuphium, Diaphorus, Galerita, Casnonia and Brachinus. Other Geode- 
phaga are in less variety, but some species, as a species of Dercylus, are in vast mul- 
titudes. Next in numbers to the Scaritides are the Heteromera, chiefly small species 
allied to Helops. After them come the Lamellicornes ; grand Dynastes—the Mega- 
losome, Mars and Acton, Enema infundibulum, species of Strateegus, Czlosis, Ligy- 
rus, Stenocrates, Chalepus and Cyclocephala. Some black species of Chalepus and 
Stenocrates especially occur always by thousands. There are also a few Melolonthide, 


45 


of the genus Microcranium (Burm.). Amongst the sediment I found also one or two 
large handsome Buprestidw. Staphylini occur in less abundance, although there are 
great numbers of minute ‘species clinging to portions of wood, and a few very large 
species, as Pinophilus torosus, Er., a very large Staphylinidi. The Pselaphide are 
also in vast numbers, clustering within the crevices of pieces of wood and rubbish cast 
up by the waters. I could only find time to select a few of the more curious species 5 
one was a minute Articerus, some others belonged evidently to genera at present un- 
known. There were many other large Coleoptera, of which only single specimens 
occured, such as two very fine Prionide, one, I think, a Mecosarthron. Numbers of a 
Macraspis also occurred,—a genus which I thought were exclusively day-flyers, and it 
was a species which I had not yet taken in its place in the forest. There were also 
many Coccinelle ; two Cantharides which I have never been able to meet with else- 
where; several Anthici, Curculionides, Casside and other families of Coleoptera. 

“‘ There are a few Hymenoptera, ants and one or two bees and wasps. 

“The Hemiptera were chiefly two or three species of Pachycoride, very handsome 
insects, especially one, an Angocoris, but these were rare, whilst a species of Canthe- 
cona was in great abundance. 

“The greater part of the insects thus cast up by the waters of the lake were quite 
dead, others nearly so, whilst many clinging to portions of wood and weeds were alive: 
two or three hours of an equatorial sun soon dispersed the latter: of the former, the 
large-bodied Lamellicornes became a prey to flocks of insectivorous birds, especially 
bands of little sandpipers; they ate only the abdomen: the Carabides and Hemip- 
tera they would not touch ; many of them remained entire for many days, others fell to 
fragments after being exposed to the sun. The waters of the rivers at this season were 
retreating, but the fragments of insects were covered by a stratum of blown sand, and 
this may serve to explain the method by which masses of the bodies and mutilated 
remains of insects become imbedded in fossiliferous strata. 

‘This wholesale destruction of insect life does not occur frequently ; in fact, I 
have witnessed it on a large scale only once a year. On many sultry evenings, in the 
fine season, numbers of insects are to be seen flying abroad, but the various conditions 
required for the grand immolation do not combine frequently. I have found many 
interesting Coleopterous insects by standing in a favorable place on the banks of the 
river, and observing them as they pass; it is necessary to have the clear western sky 
in the background. The insects are Very uncertain in their appearance; it is not even 
every sultry night that proves favorable; they appear to be acted upon by atmospheric 
conditions which we cannot ourselves appreciate or calculate. Many of the insects 
taken flying in this way are the same as those found drowned on the beach, as related 
above, especially the Scaritidz, the Polystichi, Heteromera, &c.; but many others are 
different,—for instance, many small Longicornes, especially Chrysoprasis, are eminently 
day-insects. 

“‘One evening on the banks of the Amazons at St. Paulo I witnessed an extraor- 
dinary flight of Coleoptera, almost all Scaritidx ; there was literally a shower of them, 
nearly all the same species—some twenty or thirty—which I had previously found at 
Ega, on the beach. These insects are extremely difficult to find in their proper habi- 
tats; of the thirty or more species of Scaritide found flying in the evening, I have 
not taken more than five or six in sité, and those at roots of herbage in shady places. 
Sometimes these nocturnal insects may be attracted by a lamp at night, placed in a 
favorable place, but a prolific night rarely occurs; in this way I have taken a great 


46 


variety of Pselaphide, Searitide, including the Solenogenys feeda; Staphylinide, 
including some extraordinary forms allied to Ophites; also Palpicornes, Calleide, 
even Cicindele ; numbers of Harpalide, geuus Selenophorus, but no Longicornes, 
for many night-flying insects appear not to be attracted by light.” 


Mr. Stevens stated that Mr. Bates proposed to return to England in the spring of 
next year, having spent the last eleven years in the investigation of the Eutomology 
of the region of the Amazons. 

Mr. Westwood trusted he would receive a hearty welcome from the entomologists 
of this country, whose collections he had enriched with South-American insects to a far 
greater extent than had been done by any other individual. 

Mr. Stainton read descriptions of twenty-five new species of Indian Micro- 
Lepidoptera received from Mr. Atkinson, of Calcutta. 

Mr, Waterhouse read a paper intituled “ Notes on the Species of Elateride in the 
Stephensian Cabinet.” 


January 3, 1859. 
Dr. J. KE. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors:—‘ Transactions of the Zoological Society of London,’ Vol. iv., Part 5; 
presented by the Society. ‘On the Arrangement of the Cutaneous Muscles of 
the Larva of Pygera bucephala, by John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S., L.S., G.S., &c.; by 
the Author. ‘Exotic Butterflies, Part 29; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. * Mono- 
graphie des Gomphines,’ par Edm. DeSelys Longchamps, Membre de l’Académie 
Royale des Sciences de Belgique et de plusieurs autres Académies et Sociétés 
Savantes; avec la collaboration de M. le Docteur Hagen, de Koenigsberg; by 
the Author. ‘The Journal of the Royal Dublin Society,’ Vol. i.; by the Society. 
‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Nos. 363—369; by the Society. The 
‘Zoologist’ for January; by the Editor. The ‘Atheneum’ for December; by the 
Editor. The ‘ Literary Gazette’ for December; by the Editor. The ‘Journal of the 
Society of Arts’ for December; by the Society. The ‘ Entomologists’ Annual’ for 
18595; ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’ No. 24; The ‘ Entomologists’ 
Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 115—118; by H. 'T. Stainton, Esq. 


Election of a Member. 


George 8. Mosse, Esq., of Eldon Road, Kensington, was balloted for and elected 
a Member of the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a specimen of Tachyusa concolor of Kraatz = Homa- 
lota concolor, Hrichs. ‘The insect was found at the uppermost of the Highgate Ponds, 
on the 25th of May, 1855. Latterly, Dr. Power has taken the same species at 
Barnes Common and at the Hammersmith Marshes. 


47 


Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited a specimen of Symbiotes latus of Redtenbacher, 
which he found in sweeping the herbage in a wood near Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, 
in the summer of 1854: Mr. Waterhouse believed this was the first occurrence of the 
genus Symbiotes in England. 

Mr. Janson observed that he believed the discovery in Britain of Tachyusa 
concolor was due to Dr. Power, from whom he had received the species some months 
back; he had likewise seen it in the collection of Mr. H. Adams; Mr. Squire 
had also met with it at Hammersmith, and had long since placed it in his cabinet 
with its legitimate specific appellation. 

With respect to Symbiotes latus, Red¢., Mr. Janson remarked that he had been for 
some time past perfectly familiar with it as a British insect. He had first taken it 
beneath the loose bark of a dead tree, in which a formidable.colony of Formica flava 
had established itself for some years; the beetles were moving about amongst the ants. 
Redtenbacher says (Faun. Austr. 2nd Ed. 371) that “the species” of this genus, of 
which he describes two, “ live among ants.” That Symbiotes latus is not, however, 
a myrmecophilon, in the strict sense of the term, Mr. Janson stated he had 
subsequently satisfied himself, as he had found several individuals subsisting on a 
species of mould growing on a rotten elm stump, more than a mile distant from the 
spot in which he had first discovered it, and certainly unaccompanied by any 
ant. Mr. Janson added that Microchondrus (G@uérin), Wollaston, Ins. Mad, 196 
(1854) was coincident with Symbiotes, Redt., and that he should probably have occa- 
sion to return to this subject at a future Meeting. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited some Coleoptera from the interior of Peru, amongst which 
were a fine new species of Psalidognathus allied to P. Friendii, and an Agaocephala 
very distinct from all known species of that genus. 

Mr. A. F. Sheppard exhibited some Coleoptera taken at Geelong, Victoria. 

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Oxypo.ta spectabilis, Maerkel, Germar, 
Zeitschr. £. d. Entom. v. 217, 47 (1844) ; Kraatz. Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 
162, 2 (1856), taken by Mr. R. Hislop, near Falkirk, during the past season, 
transmitted him by that gentleman for identification. He remarked that the insect 
had been first found in Saxony associated with Formica fuliginosa, and was hence 
considered and described by Herr Maerkel as myrmecophilous, but it was sub- 
sequently taken near Berlin, among damp fallen leaves, unaccompanied by ants: the 
individual exhibited occurred “ amongst grass.” Dr. Kraatz, /. c., gives it as a dis- 
tinct species, stating, however, that it appears to him not improbable that it will ulti- 
mately prove to be a dark form of O. ruficornis, Gyll., but that a long series 
of examples was requisite, in order definitely to determine this question. Mr. Janson 
had carefully compared the present specimen with four individuals of O. ruficornis, 
Gyll., Kraaiz, and had been unable to detect any structural distinctions, the 
only point of disparity being in colour: thus, O. spectabilis has pitchy black 
antenne, the three basal joints alone red, the thorax and elytra likewise pitchy black, 
the humeral angles of the latter rufous. QO. ruficornis has the antennz and lateral 
margins of the thorax rufous, the elytra rufo-testaceous, with the region of the scu- 
tellum dusky. 

Mr. Edwin Shepherd exhibited a specimen of Stenus palustris, Erich., a species 
hitherto unrecorded as British, taken by Mr. F. Bond, in the fens near Cambridge. 

Mr. Adam White exhibited a sketch of a curious Isopodous Crustacean, receutly 
sent home by F. M. Rayner, Esq., Surgeon of H.M.S. Herald, and taken by him on 


48 


Flinders and Hummock Island; it belongs to the family Sphewromide, but is 
distinguished from every isopod hitherto described or seen by Mr. White, in having 
a long horny projection from the epistome; the facetted eyes are conspicuous on each 
side of the same segment ; with them isa projecting horn shorter than the middle one. 
He named it Cephaloniscus Grayanus, in compliment to the keeper of the zoological 
collections at the British Museum. Mr. White also made some remarks on the order 
Isopoda. _ 

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of tha Rev. H. A. Pickard, a specimen of 
Plutella Annulatella, remarkable as having been taken in a new locality, the Isle of 
Portland, and as being much whiter than ordinary specimens. The only previous 
localities in this country recorded for this insect, were the North of England (near 
Neweastle-on-Tyne), the North of Ireland and Scotland; from the greater contrast 
of colour in this Portland specimen, it was far prettier than the northern form of the 
species. 

Dr. Allchin exhibited a large Noctua allied to Catocala, said to have been taken 
near Bolton, Lancashire; he had been unable to identify it with any species 
contained in the extensive general collection of Noctuz in the British Museum 


Mr. Walker made the following remarks:—‘At a former Meeting, on the occasion 
of the exhibition of a horn-shaped gall inhabited by a Thrips, discovered by 
Mr. Foxcroft, at Sierra Leone, I observed that it resembled the horn-shaped gall of 
the lime-leaf, and that I had not discovered the insect which is the cause of the latter 
excrescence ; but I have since found that its history has been investigated long ago 
by the botanist under-mentioned : —‘ Observations Physiologiques sur le development 
des gales corniculées de la feuille de tilleul de Hollande, et sur la cause qui les 
produit. Par P. J. F. Turpin.’ (Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Institut. Fr. vi. 1835).” He 
noticed that it was inhabited by a mite, which he named Sarcoptes Gallarum Tilie, 
and of which he traced the development from the egg to the perfect insect. He 
observes that it is not certain whether the mite is the cause of the formation of the 
gall, in which it does not occur before the middle of May nor after the middle 
of August, and, therefore, its mode of life during nine months of the year is 
still unknown. Another horn-shaped gall appears on the leaves of the beech, and is 
quite distinct from the pyramidal gall lately mentioned here as the habitation 
of Ocidomyia Fagi. 


Mr. Smith communicated a paper intituled “A Contribution to the History of 
Stylops, with an enumeration of such species of Exotic Hymenoptera as have been 
found to be attacked by these parasites.” 

Mr. Waterhouse read the following papers: —“ A List of the British Species of 
Latridius.” “A Revision of the British Species of Corticaria.” 


Part ix. of the current volume of the Society’s ‘Transactions, published in 
December, was on the table. 


49 


Anniversary Meeting, January 24, 1859. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Messrs. J. Lubbock, E. Sheppard, H. T. Stainton and G. R. Waterhouse were 
elected Members of the Council, in the room of Messrs. F. Bond, W. W. Saunders, 
J.T.Syme and J. O. Westwood. Dr.J.E.Gray was re-elected President; 8. Stevens, 
Esq., Treasurer ; and Messrs. E. Shepherd and E. W. Janson, Secretaries. 

The Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee and the Treasurer’s accounts 
were read and received; the latter showed a balance in favour of the Society of 
£266 13s. 2d. 

The President delivered an Address on the affairs of the Society, and the general 
progress of Entomology, for which the Meeting passed a cordial vote of thanks. 


H 


Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee for 1858. 


We beg to report that all the typical specimens having been selected from 
the Society’s Collection of Exotic Insects, the remainder was disposed of at public 
auction in April last, and the sum of £274 9s. was realized thereby above all necessary 
expenses of sale. 


In pursuance of the Resolution previously agreed to by the Society, that the pro- 
ceeds of such sale should be devoted to the purchase of Entomological works wanting 
in our library, whenever favorable opportunities of doing so might occur, we have to 
report that the sum of £46 7s. was expended at the sale of the late Mr. Heysham’s 
library, in July last, and we have to congratulate the Society on the important addi- 
tions of standard Entomological works made to our library on that occasion,—in parti- 
cular we may mention a perfect original copy of Hiibner’s ‘ European Lepidoptera.’ 
A further sum of £35 5s. has been expended in binding such of our books as most 
required it, and in preparing a perfect manuscript Catalogue of the entire Library, 
which we recommend to be printed forthwith, in as compact a form as possible for the 


use of our members. 


The removal of the Exotic Insects from our Cabinets having left the Society most 
ample accommodation for the collection of British Insects, we have to solicit our mem- 
bers to assist us, not only with specimens of such species as we do not possess, but also 


in the necessary task of re-arranging the cullections. 


JOHN EDWARD GRAY. 
W. WILSON SAUNDERS. 
FRANCIS P. PASCOE. 
FREDERICK SMITH. 
EDWIN SHEPHERD. 


x 


- 
dt 


Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1858. 


RECEIPTS. 
Ls 
By Balance/onshand, January. Ist, 1858) ..c..<eccescsssousaevesasemancnedens 97,14 SE 
Pe EATSECe SUNOSCLIPUONS! cos dea secessscacredcosesccessonerentverseemavents! (On On. O 
SP MIDSCEIDONG [OF LEDS) (5 ccc-ccccecoccns sovaseccascsvan-ccunsbanecdsvcrersss LO ot) © 
PPA CUMS STOMP ECCS) .ajaceicce ssecsseccescjese ovseeties gous oe sessieesovclenneueecesces meio oma O 
», Tea Santemnuens seaas eedisieddcaa’ecoesnsosesecus sue esq sSeanearaerteeream Om Rema 
5, sale of ‘Transactions’ at the ROOMS seiccctegeescapccsace eee Lon 
3 ' op Qt HOWGMAUS ccresccdoccocvesecese, LO) OU eU 
39) Von O 
Cash of Mr. Pascoe for Extra Coloured Plates ...ssessviscsccscasessccnss 2 10 0 
» Mr. Saunders, for Catalogue of Educational Muscat Col- 
LeGtrony *cecstices Fe Ngescesenel TOL OU O 
»  Mr.J.C. Stevens’ Peitees of Sale of zona ae sstesgsec 274 9 O 
£549 17 34 
PAYMENTS. 
& 8. 2d; 


To paid arrears for 1857:— Mr. Newman, Printing...... pede eco dienes 


0 
RentitoiChristmas...s..c<s-<60e e120) 1010 
Messrs. Day & Son for Plates 210 0 
MirDunns tor Oil ceca tele. O 


Rent to Midsummiery 18594 Gee heccewe nove tesocc scouts sectee see seoce an 20 


-iusurance to Lady-day, 1859) ..c.cccsscesancececasicecerduelconeacasciccdetan mm 


@urator for amendance: “<.ccce<nccccesneaceed cacase ses scocanauaeedeccwesaver oO 

suuebundryrsinall payments (206 ares decease crossed steed tatadstees ede Siw 
Wen. thirteen Meetings... .cc.<0sa6secnceseees sania diseuldtaies endure qaemananted 13 
Wetendarce, Coals, Cleaning, 66. ....:csccccascvsccecteasees ovaeccececeah 104 
ustage, EATCelS, StatlONeLry, SCC. seaceessscoseveienncedeneeseccvacasesnens 10 
Erutiig.) Pransactions, {OF Parts! .......<..0. css secsteccseesscsnasaqaitees ©40) 


BW OTAVIN EVALCS c.ccsccecsssccestactocsevascancis coe coscesccscscenaesaannencl Lo 
Colourtay DOM rricssccsccceessccescesass cee rsorees Ge 

Arranging and preparing Descriptive Catalogue of Collection pre- 
sented to the Educational Museum at can ok scctsaisterers scence cm 
Collector's Commission, &c. castvcsssaes . O 
Books purchased at the Sale of Mr. 'Hleyahant s Library evseeesceees 46 

Removing Exotic Collection to Sale Rooms ..........:sssesscenesseees 
Fixing Shelves in Library ...:0..:.sscessccoees sdacteseecuuiseaietaveseasne, © 
Bookbinding .......2600 sislasicle olecalewaisdulasalueuldeuignaesenwesaraccgn oUl 
Preparing Catalogue of Tabvatys evade saver dudecangusnedenessteeseecennens 11 
£283 


Balance int hands sedcsssssswccccseceteccdveceso COO 


— 
wOonrnococndcmaeoedsdsc & 


_ 


b 


ONG ic) OS © © 


So 


£549 17 32 


Liabilities and Assets of the Society. 


Liabilities. 


eG Tes: 

Mr. Newman, for Printing... 10 4 
Pee unn, fOrOil ...s<qccsces. io LO 
» Westwood, for Plates... 3 3 
» Yates for ditto ...... COBOL 0 13 
Rent to Christmas ......0.... 20 0 


200060 * 


£57 10 9 


we ee 


Assets. 


Bs, tee 
Arrears of Subscriptions, 
O00) ceencccnsesaenareaves to ws) 
Ditto, doubtful £11 11 0 


Balance in hand ...........». 266 138 2 


282 8 2 
Less Accounts due at Xmas. 37 10 9 


True Balance in favour 
of the Society.........0.. £244 17 5 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1859. 


February 7, 1859. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the 
donors:—‘An Accentuated List of the British Lepidoptera, with hints on the derivation 
of the names,’ published and presented by the Entomological Societies of Oxford and 
Cambridge. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the 
British Museum, by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part xvi., Deltoides ; by the Author. 
‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ vol. iii. No. 2; by the Society. 
‘The Zoologist’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts 
for January ; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for January ; by the Editor. 
‘The Atheneum’ for January ; by the Editor. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and 
Moths, No. 25 ; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 119—122; by H.T. 
Stainton, Esq. ‘ Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club,’ vol. iv. No. 2; 
by the Club. ‘ Catalogue of Hispidz in the Collection of the British Museum, by 
Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c., Part I.; by the Author. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische 
Zeitung, Nos. 10—12, for 1858 ; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. 


Nomination of Vice-Presidents. 
The President nominated Messrs. F. Smith, H. T. Stainton and G. R. Waterhouse 
Vice-Presidents for the year. 


Election of a Member. 


Godfrey Howitt, Esq., M.D. of Melbourne, Victoria, was balloted for and elected 
a Member of the Society. 


54 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of insects received from Mr. Bates, containing a beau- 
tiful series of Micro-Lepidoptera from the Upper Amazon ; and some fine Coleoptera 
taken by Mr. A. R. Wallace in Amboina, amongst which were Euchirus longimanus, 
some new and beautiful species of Buprestide and Anthribidw, a magnificent new species 
of Batocera, and a fine Prionus also new to Science. 


Mr. Pascoe has furnished the following diagnoses of two fine longicorns in this 
Collection :— 


Monchammus Grayti. M.aterrimus; prothorace antice, elytrisque fasciis quatuor, 
et macula basali hirtis, ochraceis, his chalybeo-atris, nitidis, parce punctatis. 
Long. 13 lin. 

Dixi in hon. J. KE. Gray, Ph.D., Ent. Soc. Lond. Prases., &c., &c. 


Agnia fasciata.—A. aterrima ; elytris parce punctatis, fasciis quatuor hirtis, 
ochraceis. Long. 9 lin. 
Precedenti facie simillima, sed Agnia, Newm., genus bene distinctum, pertinet. 


Mr. Janson exhibited a series of Symbiotes latus, Redtenbacher [Faun. Austr. Ist ed. 
198, 184 (1849), 2nd ed. 371, 382 (1857), Gerstaecker, Mon. Endom. 400, 1 (1858)] 
illustrating the variations in size and colour to which this species is subject. These 
specimens were captured by himself, within the London district, on the 30th of June, 
14th of July, and on the 8th and 29th of August, 1858, and, as previously stated, in 
localities upwards of a mile apart. He remarked that he had experienced no difficulty 
in determining, within a few hours of first meeting with this insect, the genus to which 
it pertained, the analytical method pursued by Dr. Redtenbacher, in his admirable 
work above cited, and the clearness and precision of his generic characters, affording 
peculiar facilities to the student ; but having advanced thus far, safe progress was inter- 
dicted, for, although Dr. Redtenbacher’s description of S. latus satisfactorily applied, in 
most respects, to the insect before the Meeting, two, apparently important, discrepancies 
presented themselves, namely, that of his S. latus the author distinctly says that the 
thorax has “ the upper surface smooth, shining, not punctured,” and “ the interstices 
between the strie of the elytra not punctured,” whereas, in all the individuals of the 
insect under consideration, the prothorax is conspicuously, although minutely and 
sparsely, punctured, and the insterstices of the elytral strie present numerous irregularly 
disposed punctures, very evident throughout the basal moiety, but obsolete on the apical 
half. Under these circumstances he had considered it right to defer bringing the 
insect before the Society until he had ascertained its legitimate appellation, for which 
purpose he had intended to transmit specimens to Vienna on the first opportunity 
which should present itself. In the meanwhile, however, Dr. Gerstaecker’s valuable 
‘ Monographie der Familie Endomychide,’ Berlin, 1858, came to hand, in which the 
genus Symbiotes is treated, and the species fully described, and at once all doubt as to 
the identity of our insect and S. latus, Redt., was dispelled. As the present insect so 
closely resembles in its facies the common Mycetea hirta, Marsh., Steph., that it may 
be very pardonably confounded with it (its usually larger size and more parallel elytra 
might perhaps betray it), the following comparison of the characters of the two nearly 


allied genera, jotted down some months back for a friend, may prove acceptable to 


English students :— 


Mycret@a. 


Antenne. With the first joint of the 
triarticulate club very little wider 
than the preceding (8th). 


Labrum. Transverse, truncate. 
Maxille. With the two lobes nearly 
equal in length. 


SyMBIOTEs. 


With the first joint of the triarticulate 
club conspicuously wider than the pre- 
ceding (8th), very nearly as wide as the 
succeeding (10th). 

Transverse, slightly emarginate. 

With the inner lobe very short and 
narrow 


Max. Palpi. With the apical joint 
elongate-ovate, acuminate. 

Lab. Palpi. With the second and third 
joints nearly equal in width. 


With the apical joint ovate obliquely 
truncate. 

With the third joint much wider than 
the second (penultimate), globose. 


Mr. Smith exhibited the nest of a species of Larrade, and that of Sphex Lanierii, 
Guérin, and read the following .— 


Observations on two Species of Fossorial Hymenoptera which construct exterior 
Nests. 


“The varied economy of the fossorial division of the aculeate Hymenoptera, equals, 
if it does not exceed, that of the Mellifera. The name proposed by Mr. Westwood for 
the former division, “‘ Insectivora,” is by far the most characteristic, since all the fos- 
sors provision their nests with other insects. As far as my knowledge of the habits 
of the British species enables me to judge, I believe the majority to be fossorial ; some, 
however, burrow in wood, whilst others avail themselves of ready-formed burrows, &c., 
adapted to their purposes, never, as far as I have observed, forming tunnels or recep- 
tacles for their cells: this appears to be the habit of the species of the Genera Sapyga 
and Pemphredon. 

“ Our knowledge of the economy of Exotic species is very limited ; I have had the 
pleasure of bringing before the Society some very interesting observations, made by 
M. Guenzius at Port Natal, upon various species of Hymenoptera, some belonging to 
the fossorial division. Mr. Bates has also contributed occasional notices of the habits 
of various species of these insects. In a collection lately received from the latter 
gentleman, a nest with the insect which constructed it was received, than which nothing 
could be more at variance with our preconceived ideas of the habits of the genus to 
which it belongs: the insect is a species of Larrada; the nest is composed apparently, 
as Mr. Bates suggests, of the scrapings of the woolly texture of plants; it is attached 
to a leaf, having a close resemblance to a piece of German tinder ora piece of sponge. 
With the first nest of this description forwarded by Mr. Bates was received a note, to 
the effect that he saw the insect issue from it, and he supposed it to be the builder; a 
second nest has, however, been received with the information that he had now no doubt 
of the nest being constructed by the Larrada, as he had observed it repeatedly busy in 
its construction. I have raised the nest from the leaf, and found four or five pupa- 
cases of a dark brown, thin, brittle consistency. 

“T am not aware of any similar habit of building an external nest having been pre- 


56 


viously recorded ; our British species of the closely-allied genus Tachytes, are burrowers 
in the ground, particularly in sandy situations ; their anterior tarsi are strongly ciliated, 
the claws bifid and admirably adapted for burrowing. On examining the insect which 
constructed the nest now exhibited, I find the legs differently armed ; the anterior pair 
are not ciliated, and the claws are simple and slender, clearly indicative of a peculiar 
habit, differing from its congeners, and how admirably is this illustrated in the nest 
before us. 

*“‘ Another nest, also sent by Mr. Bates from Ega, is equally interesting ; it is that 
of a species of Sphex, I believe the Sphex Lanierii of Guérin: this is constructed of 
a cottony substance, which fills a tunnel formed by a large curled leaf. Here we have 
another instance of economy at variance with our preconceived notions of the habits of 
the genus ; we have hitherto regarded the species as being pre-eminently fossorial, and 
upon examing a large number of individuals I find they have the anterior tarsi very 
strongly ciliated, and all the tibiw strongly spinose. On examining the Sphex which 
constructed the nest in the rolled leaf, the anterior tarsi are found to be very slightly 
ciliated, and the tibia almost destitute of spines, thus affording another instance 
proving that difference of structure is indicative of difference of habit.” 


Mr. Tompkins exhibited three species of Psychide hitherto unrecorded as British, 
viz.:—P. roboricolella, Bruand, bred June 26, 1858; P. salicolella, Bruand, bred 
June 23,1858; P. tabulella, Bruand, taken July 24, 1854 flying about beeches at 
Mickleham ; the names were determined from Bruand’s Monograph of the family. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited specimens of the coloured plates which were intended to 
illustrate Mr. Logan’s projected work on the Lepidoptera of Scotland, on which the 
transformations of the following species were beautifully delineated, viz. :—Poly- 
ommatus Artaxerxes, Agrotis lucernea, Lampronia rubiella, L. quadripunctella and 
Lozotenia costana. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited the larva of Anobium striatum commonly known as the 
“ bookworm,” and a living larva of Phlogophora meticulosa, found feeding on 
southern-wood, which he considered a very extraordinary food-plant for the insect. 


Entomology of the Cape of Good Hope. 


Mr. Adam White read the following extracts from a letter addressed to him by 
R. Trimen, Esq., dated Knysua, Cape of Good Hope, November 15, 1858 :— 


“‘ My experience in this part of the world since last July tends to show that the 
entomologist in South Africa must not expect an abundance of active insect life; as 
yet I have not in any place seen as many insects congregated and visible at one time 
as in the woods of England in June or July. As far as the Lepidoptera are concerned, 
T have found it hitherto almost impossibte to discover the metropolis of any species ; 
with the exception of some common Pieride and Hipparchia, which are to be found 
everywhere, the butterflies appear to be scarce. In this district the entomologist 
requires a great deal of patience, for the nature of the woods—with their rotting stumps, 
fallen logs, stones and immense variety of thorns—renders chasing insects an impossi- 
bility, and the only way is to stand quietly in some sunny nook, and catch them as 
they successively visit the spot. The following will show you the respective pro- 


57 


portions of the several genera of butterflies, as far as I have been able to obtain 
them, up to this time, and as well as I can make out the number of species :— 


Papilio : : : ss Euplea : : : 1 
Colias 1 Acrea . . 2 
Pieris : - 3 Polyommatus . : ° 8 
Anthocharis. 1 Chrysophanus . 1 
Erebia : : : 3 Zeutis . : : a 
Mycalesis (?) . : : | Thymele_ . : : x 2 
Euryteia. F é s 1 Steropes ‘i : 3 2 
Cynthia . : - : 1 Pamphila . : - 2 
Philognomes ; ; 1 ? ; = : 2 
Salamis . : . . i 


“Of moths I have upwards of 120 species, of which Geometre and Pyrales form 
the greater proportion ; of Sphingide I have but five species, one Syntomis, two 
Anthrocera, one Smerinthus and one Trochilium. Sugar does not seem to succeed 
here in attracting them; I sugared twice without the least success, and the third time 
only found two moths, on sugared flowers. Light succeeds well on certain nights, and 
I have obtained a good many in that way. 

“ November 19. It has been very warm all the week and insects are visibly increasing 
in numbers every day. I have taken another Anthocharis (I think Danae), Danais 
Chrysippus, a beautiful Zygena, intermediate between Procris and Syntomis, &c. 

“ My collection of beetles comprises about ninety species of larger size and a good 
number of small species. The Lamellicorns constitute the most numerous section of 
the Coleoptera here, and many of the species are very curious and striking in their 
appearance. The whole district is overrun by numbers of juvenile green and black 
locusts, which hang in hundreds on the shrubs and plants, and strip them of their 
leaves and young shoots in a very short time. The day before yesterday I sawa 
Bittacus (of a species very common here) carrying a large fly along by one of its hind 
tarsi: the fly had evidently been abstracted from a spider's web, as it was wrapped in a 
webby shroud. 

“Tt is worthy of remark how few species of Lepidopterous larva I can find; 
I imagine the greater number of them must feed at night, or high up on the 
trees. 

“ December 5.—I am going to morrow to some large woods near at hand to endea- 
vour to obtain some wondrous butterflies I have been informed of ; they have, according 
to my informant (an observant old farmer), ‘ hard wings’ which ‘ snap’ when they fly ; 
they keep entirely within the forests, and are found sucking the sap from the Polygale 
that grow there: I thought of Cicade, and suggested them to my informant, but he 
knew the latter well, and insisted that those he meant were butterflies ; and that there 
were several kinds, all large, and one with two tails on each hind wing. The only one 
I have in my descriptions as possessing two tails on each wing is Charaxes Xiphzus ; 
it is probably that species. 

“ December 13.—I have been out to-day in the woods, from 8 a Mm. to 3 p.M., but 
although I visited the express woods mentioned by my informant, I saw nothing of 
the ‘ snap-wing’ butterflies he described ; indeed, though a splendid hot day, I saw 


K 


58 


very little in the insect way in the forest itself, though near it I captured a large and 
beautiful Trochilium, which must, I think, be quite new to Science, and some fine 
specimens of Danais Chrysippus.” 

Mr. White observed that no doubt the snapping sound alluded to was similar to 
that produced by the Agerone. 


Mr. Waterhouse read a paper entitled “ Notes on the British species of Hetero- 
cerus.” 

The President announced that the Council had resolved that all Members and 
Subscribers, whether residents in London or otherwise, shall in future be entitled to 
receive the Transactions of the Society gratuitously. 


March 7, 1859. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair. 
Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the 
donors :—‘ The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London,’ Vol. xxii. Pt. 3 ; pre- 
sented by the Society. ‘ Konigliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenias Resa omkring Jorden 
under Befal’ af C. A.Virgin, aren 1851—1853 ; by the Royal Academy of Sciences of 
Stockholm. ‘An Accentuated List of British Lepidoptera, 3 copies ; by the Entomo- 
logical Societies of Oxford and Cambridge. ‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the 
Linnean Society, Supplement to Botany, No. 1; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the 
Royal Society,’ Vol. ix. No. 33; by the Society. ‘The Journal of the Royal Agri- 
cultural Society of England,’ Vol. xix, Part 2; by the Society. ‘ Tijdschrift voor 
Entomologie uitgegeven door de Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereiniging,’ Vol. ii., 
Parts 2 and 3; by the Netherlands Entomological Society. ‘ Insecta Caffrarie,’ Part 
ii.; by the Author, Professor C. H. Bohemann. ‘ The Zoologist’ for March; by the 
Editor. ‘ The Atheneum ’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘ The Literary Gazette’ for 
February ; by the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February ; by the 
Society. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 26; ‘ The Entomologist’s 
Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 124—127; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ Linnea Entomo- 
logica,’ Vol. xiii; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘ Description of New 
Species of Phytophagous Beetles ; by the Author, J. S. Baly, Esq. ‘ A Catalogue of 
British Coleoptera, Part 2; by the Author, G. R. Waterhouse, Esq. 


Election of a Member and a Subscriber. 


The Rev. Evan Lewis, B.A., of Rothwell, Northamptonshire, was balloted for, and 
elected a Member, and W. B. Tegetmeier, Esq., of Muswell Hill, a Subscriber to the 
Society. 


59 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited two specimens of Petasia nubeculosa, which had that morning 
emerged from the pupz : he had reared the larve from eggs received from Perthshire, 
and the insects had passed two winters in the pupa state. 

Mr. Stevens also exhibited some butterflies, chiefly Pieride, sent from Siam by 
M. Mouhot, and some beautiful Micro-Lepidoptera, taken by Mr. Diggles at Moreton 
Bay. 

Mr. Douglas exhibited a box containing 1300 specimens of Coleoptera, taken 
during the last month, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Lee, but a few were from 
Hammersmith Marshes and Darenth Wood, amongst them were the following :-— 


Stenus solutus. Stevolophus exiguus 
» pubescens Gyrophena lucidula 
Sunius intermedius Euryusa laticollis 
Calodera wxthiops Homalota flavipes Poni 
= nigrita Thiasophila angulata vesiaval 
55 riparia Quedius brevis Barats 
Phlcopora reptans Saprinus piceus Bier 
Sericoderus lateralis Dendrophilus pygmzus ; 


Oxypoda n. sp.? 


Mr. Douglas also exhibited a monstrous species of Pulex found in grass at the 
margin of a pond, and some larve, supposed to be those of Trinodes hirtus, found under 
loose bark of oak, also a specimen of Rhyzophagus politus, Hellw., Fab., a species new 
to Britain, taken by sweeping in a ditch at Lee, in June. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited a drawing of the larva of a species of the Dipterous 
Genus Thereva, remarkable for the anomalous development of the abdominal seg- 
ments which were comparatively of so large a size, each being also transversely 
divided by an impression that there appeared to be double the usual number of joints, 
which added to the head, three thoracic segments (of the usual size) and the anal 
segment give the appearance of twenty-one segments, being eight more than 
the usual number; the eight abdominal segments being as it were duplicated, 
the alternate ones presenting a minute lobe on each side: the head is extremely small 
and dark-coloured, and the whole insect has the appearance of an elongated wire- 
worm. He had received it from Mr. Mitford, who had found it to be carnivorous, 
feeding on the pupe of Aleucis pictaria. It has also been found to have destroyed 
several pupa of the Sphinx Ligustri. No previous indication of its carnivorous habits 
had been recorded, nor had the peculiar structure of the abdominal segments been 
previously described. 

Mr. Westwood also exhibited three species of insects recently received by him from 
Mr. Neitner at Ramboddo, in Ceylon, which have been found by that gentleman to 
be injurious to the coffee plantations. These consist of a species of Coccide 
(Lecunium Coffee) the scales of which infest the leaves in immense numbers; 
a minute moth, which Mr. Stainton thinks is referrible to the genus Gracilaria, and 
distinct from the Elachista coffeella of Guérin, which appears to belong to the genus 
Bucculatrix 3 the larve of this little moth mine the leaves of the coffee, as do also 
the larve of the third insect, a minute species of Muscidae, which Mr. Haliday, 
to whom it had been referred, regards as belonging to the genus Agromyza. 

Mr. Westwood also exhibited various insects which had been found to be injurious 
tv books, in the Bodleian Library, where a careful hunt after book-worms is now 


60 


going on. In addition to small cockroaches and Lepisme (generally dead and 
crushed) two, if not three species of Anobium (A. striatum and A. paniceum), and 
their larve were more commonly found; the latter gnawing the interior of the 
bindings as well as perforating the leaves. He considered that the larve might be 
destroyed by placing the infected volumes in a large close box in which a small 
quantity of benzine collas had been dropped. 

He also exhibited an insect which he had received some time previously from Mr. 
Backhouse, of Gateshead, as a gigantic flea, and which he had exhibited to the 
Society on the 4th of May, 1857 (without, however, having previously had an oppor- 
tunity of carefully examining it), and for which he then suggested the name of Pulex 
Imperator. He had, however, recently examined the insect more minutely, and had 
ascertained that it was a very young larva of a Blatta, much distorted by being crushed 
flat in rather an oblique position, and with most of the limbs broken off. A small por- 
tion of the base of one of the multiannular antenne was visible in such a situation 
as to seem like a part of the mouth, but on microscopically examining it, as well as 
the portions of the legs still remaining, it became evident that the insect was not a flea, 
and on dissecting the mouth, its true character was at once detected. 

Captain Cox exhibited some beautiful drawings of the larve of Lepidoptera, 
including those of Carpocapsa saltatans, Westw., Phlogophora empyrea, Nyssia hispi- 
daria, &c. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited, on behalf of Signor De Tivoli, some larve of Lepidoptera, 
spiders and other insects, preserved by having been immersed in a chemical solution 
which had the effect of hardening them; in some instances the form and colour were 
well preserved. 

Mr. Gorham exhibited a specimen of Tachyusa concolor, recently found by him at 
Chelsea Water-works. 

Mr. Janson called attention to the recently pnblished Catalogue of European Cole- 
optera, by Dr. Schaum, in which were many modifications and alterations, amongst 
which he might mention the Strepsiptera being included in it as a family of Cole- 
optera. 

Mr. Adam White mentioned that be had just received an interesting letter from 
Mr. Gloyne, now a student in Geneva. Mr. Gloyne had been making excursions in 
the neighbourhood of that Swiss city, and was struck with the occurrence of species of 
Coleoptera not met with in Great Britain, but associated with species of common 
occurrence in our islands. He had not himself taken Omophron limbatum, but a 
friend of Mr. Gloyne’s found that curious geodephagous beetle in banks, by pouring 
water on them here and there, when little groups of eight or ten individuals were some- 
times met with. 

Mr. White also remarked that he was glad to see in Dr. Schaum’s new ‘ Catalogue 
of the European Coleoptera, that the learned chief compiler of that Catalogue had 
separated the Brenthide from the Curculionidae, and placed them close to the Longi- 
corn Beetles. 

Mr. White added that he had, some time back, tried to show at a Meeting of the 
Linnean Society, where he had exhibited the specimen of the rare Hypocephalus 
Desmarestii, belonging to J. Aspinall Turner, Esq., M.P., that Hypocephalus 
belonged to the Longicorns, and was close to Dorysthenes. He had then dwelt on 
the Brenthide not being far removed from the Longicorns ; some, such as the great 
Eutrachelus Temminckii of Java, showing this affinity most markedly. He alluded 


61 


to Mr. Curtis’s paper on that insect, with its fine drawing. Mr. White expressed 
himself pleased that in a Catalogue like Schaum’s, philosophical arrangement, 
founded on an extensive study of the Coleoptera of all countries, had led Dr. Schaum 
to place Amorphocephalus, the solitary European representative of the Brenthide, 
just before the Longicorns. 


The Secretary read a letter from L. Lardner, Esq., accompanying some living 
larve, apparently of a species of Curculio, from Calcutta, feeding on poppy seeds, 
received from Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy. 

Mr. Stevens read the following extract from a letter just received, addressed to 
him by Mr, A. R. Wallace, dated Batchian, Moluccas, October 29th, 1858 :— 


“ As there is now a boat going which may just catch the mail at Ternate, I write 
a few lines to let you know of my having arrived here safe and commenced operations. 
I came here in a small hired boat with my own men, luckily it was fine weather, or 
100 miles at sea with no means of cooking and only room for one day’s water, would 
have been more than unpleasant. I stopped five days at the Kaiod Islands, just half 
way, and gota nice collection of beetles, a fair number of new species, and some 
curious varieties of those before found at Ternate and Gilolo. I have only been here 
five days, but from what I have already done, and the nature of the country, I am 
inclined to think it may prove one of the best localities I have yet visited ; I have 
already twenty species of Longicorns new to me, nothing very grand, but many pretty 
and very interesting ; the most remarkable is one of the Bornean genus, Triammatus, 
also several species of the elegant little genus Serixia, which have been very scarce or 
absent since I left Sarawak ; I have also an elegant new Pachyrhynchus, a fine Ips, 
a small new Cicindela, and a small new species of Therates. In butterflies I have 
taken an imperfect specimen of a glorious new species very like Papilio Ulysses, but 
distinct, and even handsomer! I have also seen a female of a grand new Ornithop- 
tera, but cannot say what the male will'prove to be. I have several times seen what 
I think is a new species allied to Papilio Codrus, but they are too wild to catch: the 
Papilio allied to P. Sarpedon, which I found at Macassar, is also here, and two or three 
other species which I have not yet been able to capture.” 


Part I. of the fifth volume of the new series of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was 
announced as published. 


April 4, 1859. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the 
donors:—‘ Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve,’ 
Tome xiv. 2e Partie; presented by the Society. ‘ Mémoires couronnés et Mémoires 
des Savants etrangers,’ publiés par l’ Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des 


62 


Beaux-arts de Belgique, Tome xxvii.; by the Academy. ‘On the Digestive and Nervous 
Systems of Coccus hesperidium, by John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.; by 
the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for April; by the Editor. ‘ Premiére Centurie de 
Longicornes du vieux Calabar, par Auguste Chevrolat, &c.; by the Author. ‘A 
Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’ Nos. 27 and 28; ‘ The Entomologist’s 
Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 128—131; by H.T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ The Atheneum ’ for 
March ; by the Editor. The Literary Gazette’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The 
Journal of the Society of Arts’ for March ; by the Society. 


Election of Members. 


W. S. Coleman, Esq., 7, Ampton Place, Gray’s Inn Road; and W. Jeakes, Esq., 
22, Camden Road Villas, Camden Town, were balloted for and elected members of 
the Society. 

Evhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited some beautiful Coleoptera, taken by Mr. Wallace, at Dory, 
New Guinea, amongst which were Eupholus Cuvieri, E. Schonherri, Promechus 
splendidus and Oxycephala speciosa. He also exhibited, from the same locality, a 
most extraordinary nondescript Dipterous insect, having long horn-like appendages 
to the eyes. 

Mr. Smith mentioned that amongst the Hymenoptera recently sent by Mr.Wallace 
from Celebes, was a species of Dolichurus, which was interesting from the fact that the 
only other known species of this remarkable genus, D. corniculus, is European. 

Mr. Janson exhibited five species of Coleoptera hithertv unrecorded as British, 
with notes of their localities, &c., as follows :— 


1. Oligota atomaria, Eric., Kraatz. Colney Hatch, December 27, 1855. Dis- 
tinguished from O. pusillima by its broader form and its pitchy black legs and 
antlenne. 

2. Stenus proditor, Eric., Kraatz. Near Finchley, December 5, 1858. 

3. Platystethus nitens, Sahlb., Kraatz. Highgate. 

4. Abracus granulum, Eric., de Morseul. Walthamstow, Essex, May 18, 1851. 

5. Lemophleus duplicatus, Waltl., Eric. Beneath bark of a dead oak near High- 
gate, March 27, 1859. Readily recognised from its congeners by the two impressed 
longitudinal lines on each side of the thorax, and the truncate elytra of the male. 


Mr. Janson also exhibited the following Coleoptera :— 


Carabus granulatus, Linn. Variety, having one elytron bright green, the other 
and the remainder of the upper surface of the usual brassy tint. Hammersmith, 
March 24, 1859. 

Lyctus brunneus, Steph. (Xylotrogus). Felled elms, Highgate, August 11, 1858. 

Stenolophus elegans. Ditch by the Fort below Gravesend, May 28, 1858. One 
specimen. 

Lymneum nigropiceum, Marsh. Southend, August 3, 1858. One specimen. 


Mr. Janson announced that having recently placed his collection of Trichop- 
terygide in the hands of the Rev. A. Matthews, that gentleman informed him 
that he has identified therein the following species, previously unknown as inhabitants 
of Britain :— 


63 


Ptinella Ratisbonensis, Gillm., var. 
P. tenella, Eric. (Microscopica [Waltl. in litt.], Gillm.) 
P. angustula, Gillm. 


These insects were captured during the past year, at various points near London, 
beneath the bark of dead trees. Mr. Janson added that this announcement was made 
at Mr. Matthews’ request, and that he (Mr. M.) is now preparing for publication, in 
the ‘ Zoologist,’ a supplementary paper to his former valuable contribution on this 
family. 

Mr. Wilson Saunders exhibited a living specimen of Scolopendra morsitans, found 
in a chest of tea from China, and some living examples of Branchipus stagnalis; 
this largest and most beautiful of British Entomostraca had lately been found by 
Mr. Brewer, jun., on Reigate Heath, in some shallow pools which were quite dry 
during the summer. 

Dr. Gray observed that he had noticed this species on Blackheath, in puddles left 
by rain which had fallen within the previous twenty-four hours. 

Mr. Saunders also exhibited some galls on branches of young oaks, also from 
Reigate, and remarked that they appeared to be those produced by Cynips Quercus- 
petioli, formerly observed only in Devonshire, but now apparently spreading over the 
South of England; although they do not contain so much tannin as foreign galls, yet 
as they could be obtained in large quantities, he thought it worthy of consideration 
whether they might not be advantageously collected and employed as a substitute for 
the foreign article, and the young plantations would certainly be much benefited by 
the removal of them. 

Mr. Westwood remarked that these galls were now found in the Midland Counties 
as well as in the South of the kingdom. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of the case-bearing larva of Coleophora gryphi- 
pennella, which had recently been very injurious to some pot-roses in a greenhouse. 

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited British specimens of 


Epurea neglecta, Heer, Sturm, Erichs. 
Anisotoma nigrita, Schmidt, Erichs. 
Olibrus oblongus, Evichs. 


Mr. Waterhouse stated that the first of these insects had long been named, by 
Mr. Murray, in Dr. Power's collection; that he (Mr. W.) had supposed the insect to 
be identical with an Epurea in his own collection, which he made out to be the 
E. parvula of Sturm, aud had not inserted the E. neglecta in the ‘Catalogue.’ 
Having, however, recently had an opportunity of comparing the two insects, he was 
convinced of their being distinct. KE. neglecta was taken by Dr. Power, at Holt 
Forest, near Farnham. A. nigrita was taken by Dr. Power, at Addington, near 
Croydon: Mr. Waterhouse believed that the insect inserted in his ‘Catalogue’ as 
Anisotoma rubiginosa, with a note of doubt, was a small female of the same species. 
O. oblongus was found by Mr. Squire, at Horning Fen and Whittlesea Mere. 

Mr. Waterhouse took this opportunity of mentioning that the following numbers 
had been omitted in the third edition of his recently published ‘ Catalogue of British 
Coleoptera,’ viz. :— 

No. 14 to Hister 12-striatus. 


» 2 to Oxylemus variolosus. 


64 


The omission of these numbers caused the names of these species to appear as 
synonyms of the preceding insects. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited a fine Buprestis, allied to Catoxantha, found by Mr. Wallace 
at Gilolo, of which Mr. Adam White furnished the following description :— 


“The Buprestide are separated into genera and even into great groups by 
characters which, in many other families of insects, would be deemed hardly im- 
portant enough to be regarded as anything but specific. The subgenus, here briefly 
described, more nearly resembles Catoxantha in the shape of its thorax than 
Chrysochroa; it has an apparently dull-coloured look, compared with either of the 
two genera alluded to; its under side is decidedly metallic, except on the last 
segment of the abdomen beneath; its elytra are strongly grooved, and in their con- 
tour considerably resemble Catoxantha, differing in surface and in terminal pointing. 
It may be called Catoxantha (Demochroa) carinata. 


“ CaToxaNTHA (? DEMOCHROA) CARINATA, N. S. 


“C. Elytris viridi-purpurascentibus, creberrime acupunctatis, costis quatuor cul- 
tratis elongatis, costa brevi obliqua ad suturam prope basim, apice subtruncato, 
triapiculalo ; capite, ceruleo, purpureo et viridi decorato, antice inter antennas 
subcavato, et cultrato ; thorace dorso irregulari, creberrime acupunctato, postice 
sulculis duobus curvates longitudinalita directis, et sulco ad latera singula ; 
thorace, abdomineque subtus purpureis, pilis brevibus subdensis ochraceo-flavis, 
indutis, pedibus cyaneis, femoribus, basi presertim, viridi et igneo variegatis, 
abdominis segmento ultimo subtus pallido flavo, dorso lete metallico-viridi. 

“ Hab. in Insula Gilolo. Long. unc. 1, lin.6.” 


May 2, 1859. 


H. T. Starnton, Esq., V.P., in the chair. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to he presented to 
the donors :—‘ Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. iii., No. 12; pre- 
sented by the Society. ‘Abhandlungen der Koeniglich Bayerischen Akademie de 
Wissenschaften,’ Vol. iii., Part 2; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for May; by the 
Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the 
Society of Arts’ for April; by the Society. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelli- 
gencer,’ Nos. 132 to 135, and Vol. v.; ‘Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’ 
Nos. 29 and 30. 


Election of a Member. 


Douglas Timmins, Esq., of Oriel College, Oxford, was balloted for and elected a 
Member of the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited some butterflies taken by Mr. Wallace, in New Guinea ; the 
most conspicuous being a beautiful Hestia, allied to H. D’Urvillei. 


65 


Mr. Westwood exhibited a number of specimens of Oxytelus sculptus, one of the 
smaller Brachelytra, which had been found by a correspondent upon young cucumber 
plants after dark, four different sowings of which had been destroyed without any trace 
of the depredator being visible, during the day. It was consequently supposed that 
wood-lice were the cause of the mischief, but on examining the plant with a light, 
after dark, vast numbers of this species, with a few individuals of two small species of 
Philonthus, were captured, which were considered by Mr. Westwood to be the 
cause of the damage in question, although contrary to the generally-received opinion 
of the insectivorous habits of the Staphylinide. Mr. Westwood referred to the occur- 
rence of great numbers of these insects in decaying Fungi, Boletiand dung, considering 
that it was on the vegetable matter they fed, as was also the case with the larva of one 
of the species described in the Linnean ‘ Transactions, by Mr. Walford, which destroys 
young wheat plants by gnawing through the stems. 

Several members present dissented from this view, and Mr. F. Smith especially 
mentioned Oxyporus rufus, which, although always found in Fungi, is evidently, from 
its structure, a very voracious insect-feeder. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited both sexes of Mutilla (Psammothera) flabellata, one of 
the Aculeate Hymenoptera, from South Africa, anomalous on account of the male pos- 
sessing bipectinated antenna, a peculiarity known only to occur in two or three other 
of the Aculeata. Mr, Westwood regretted that he was compelled to employ this term 
anomalous after observations made at the last meeting, and subsequently in the ‘ Intel- 
ligencer,’ with reference to its alleged impropriety, considering that no other word so 
completely expressed the peculiarity of an animal which exhibited a departure from 
the ordinary structure of the group to which it belonged. It was erroneous to assert 
that it was only our ignorance which compelled us to regard such structures as irregu- 
larities or anomalies ; on the contrary, it was our knowledge of vast numbers of 
species belonging to the group in question which enabled us to say what were its 
regular, normal or ordinary characters, 

Mr. Westwood also exhibited three very interesting additions to the British lists. 
The first of these was the Blatta Acervorum of Panzer, which formed the type of the 
genus Myrmecophila, and which, although strictly belonging to the family of which 
the house cricket may be considered as the type, had been regarded by Mr. MacLeay 
as the osculant form between the Blattide, representing the cursorial, and the Achetide, 
representing the saltatorial, Hymenoptera. It had been found in moss by the Rev. 
F. W. Hope, in the Archdeacon’s Copse, near Netley, Shropshire. The second was 
the Bethyllus depressus of Fabricius (being the type of Klug’s genus Pristocera), and 
interesting amongst the Hymenoptera as forming one of the connecting links between 
the Aculeata and Terebrantia ; it had also been taken by Mr. Hope, in Shropshire. 
The third of these insects was the Dryinus formicarius of Latreille, figured in the 
‘Genera Crustaceorum,’ and of the greatest rarity on the-Continent. This elegant 
insect was remarkable for the anomalous structure of its anterior tarsi, which are ter- 
minated by a long slender recurved forceps nearly as long as the entire tarsus: a 
single specimen had been taken by Dr. Baly, at Cobham, in October, and by him pre- 
sented to Mr. Westwood. 

Mr. Westwood also exhibited several specimens of the insects which injure books 
and book-bindings, namely, a small species of Anobium with punctate-striate elytra, 
in the imago state, which Mr. Westwood regarded as Anobium paniceum, but which 
Mr. Janson thought was not a native species (a question, indeed, of considerable 


L 


66 


importance); these had been found dead in eastern manuscripts, with many living 
larve, which from their size might fairly be assumed to be those of this species of 
Anobium: also a Ptinideous larva, which Mr. Westwood had found gnawing the 
morocco covers of books in his own library, in the same manner as the Lepidopterous 
larva which he had exhibited at a previous meeting of the Society: also a large 
Ptinideous larva, found within the covers of a Syriac manuscript, which Mr. Westwood 
considered to be that of Ptinus fur, as dead specimens of that species had also been 
found in the same collection of books. 


Mr. Smith observed that he had seen the female of Vespa vulgaris on the wing on 
the 14th of February last,—a proof of the unusual mildness of the season at that 
period. 


The Secretary read the following communication from Mr, A. R. Wallace, Corre- 
sponding Member of the Society, dated Batchian, Moluccas, Nov., 1858, intituled 


Remarks on enlarged coloured Figures of Insects. 


“ The practice of publishing bighly-coloured figures of insects, more especially of 
Coleoptera, above the natural size, is so very general that I fear I shall stand almost 
alone in protesting against it. 

‘Coloured figures should represent nature in every respect. They should as much 
as possible take the place of actual specimens, enabling us more readily to determine 
species than can be done by descriptions, and making us acquainted with the actual 
appearance of the rare and beautiful forms which are daily being discovered. Insects, 
it is true, vary very much in size; yet, as a general rule, magnitude is a great assist- 
ance, and often an important supplementary character, in determining species. This 
assistance we altogether lose by enlarging our coloured figures ; for not only does it 
require time to look for the line of size appended to each, and to consider the effect of 
reducing the insect to that size, but a small and obscure species is often so trans- 
formed, by all its delicate detail being brought out and exaggerated, that we may 
pass it over altogether as something we have never seen, although the identical insect 
may be wailing for its name in our cabinet. The evil is made still greater by no 
system being followed. In the same plate we have insects figured of the natural size, 
and others slightly or very much enlarged; so that in some cases the largest figure 
represents the smallest of the insects. See White’s Cat. of Longicorns in B. M. tab. 6, 
figs.5 and 9. An instance of the same anomaly occurs also, I believe, in one of the 
plates of Longicorns illustrating Mr. Pascoe’s second paper in the Transactions of the 
Society. 

‘“‘ There is also another evil in this unsystematic enlargement of insects,—that we 
cannot readily check the accuracy of the figures, which must be often very doubtful, 
as the artist must trust solely to his eyes for the various proportions ; whereas in figures 
of the natural size a fine*pair of compasses will both give the principal dimensions 
accurately, and enable any one in a moment to test their accuracy. Now, though 
size may not be, yet proportion is certainly an excellent specific character ; and it can- 
not be considered a trifling matter that, by enlarging our figures in no determinate 
scale, we can no longer use this character with confidence. 

“In turning over good coloured plates of an entomological Monograph or of a local 
Fauna, we may get at once a mass of useful information. We can compare the 


67 


species with those of our own country, or of any other district with which we may be 
acquainted, or the species of a new genus with those of an allied group in our cabinet, 
seeing at a glance their several relations of size, form and colour. But this can only 
be done if the figures are of the natural size. In the other case we get quite an erro- 
neous idea of the new group or of the unknown Fauna,—erroneous not only as to size, 
but in form and colour also ; for a mass of colour, though of the same tint, strikes the 
eye more forcibly than a small portion; and in like manner any abnormal form 
becomes far more striking when exhibited of a larger size than usual. Let any one 
compare two plates of well-known insects, in one of which all the figures are of the 
exact natural size (representing actual specimens), in the other variously enlarged 
(representing nothing in nature), and he will be convinced that the former is in a very 
great degree more useful and instructive than the latter. It is the difference between 
truth and error. 

“‘ Species which are too small to be well coloured of the natural size should be 
represented by outlines enlarged in some definite given proportion ® and such figures 
should be given on separate plates, so as to be comparable with each other. 

“To make our coloured figures larger than nature has formed the objects which 
they are intended to represent, in order to make them more showy and ornamental 
than they really are, is quite unworthy of Science. Such figures do not possess any 
one solid recommendation, while they do possess many positive disadvantages to the 
scientific inquirer. They are also likely to disgust the incipient entomologist with his 
study when he finds that his cabinet can never be so showy as the plates on which 
entomologists profess to represent his specimens. 

“In Lepidopterous figures nature is seldom so falsified. Who ever thinks of 
figuring a new Erycina or Lycena so as to equal in size a Papilio or a Morpho? 
The thing would be scouted as absurd, yet it would be in reality not one whit more 
objectionable than is the present practice as regards Coleoptera. 

“I beg, therefore, to propose that the Entomological Society of London should 
lead the way in this salutary reform, and allow, in its ‘ Transactions,’ fully-coloured 
figures only of the natural size, and outlines enlarged in some definite degree which 
should be uniform for at least all the figures on the same plate.” 


Several members present objected to the opinions expressed by Mr. Wallace, and 
Mr. Smith suggested that Mr. W.’s dislike to enlarged coloured figures might arise 
from the fact that he had never seen any well-executed plates coutaining such figures. 


Mr. W. Wilson Saunders read a paper on some remarkable Dipterous insects from 
Dory, New Guinea, having long horns arising under the eyes, and projecting forward 
like those of some of the deer tribe. The specimens were exhibited at the last 
meeting of the Society, and were sent to this country by Mr. Wallace. Mr. Saunders 
proposed for their reception the genus Elaphomya, and described five species, viz., 
E. cervicornis, E. Wallacei, E. alcicornis, E. brevicornis, and E. polita. 


68 


June 6, 1859. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered; to be presented to 
the donors: —‘ The Journal of the Royal Dublin Society, Nos. 12 and 13; presented 
by the Society. ‘Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Supplement to 
Botany, No. 2; by the Society. ‘ Catalogue of the described Diptera of North Ame- 
rica, prepared for the Smithsonian Institution, by R. Osten-Sacken ; by the Smith- 
sonian Institution. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British MuSeum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part XVII., Pyralides ; by 
the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for June; by the Editor. ‘ Bibliotheca Historico- 
Naturalis heraus gegeban’ von Ernst A. Zuchold, Achter Jahrgang, Heft 2; by the 
Author. ‘ Boston Journal of Natural History, Vol. vi. No.4. ‘ Proceedings of the 
Boston Society of Natural History,’ Vol. vi. Nos. 11—22; by the Society. ‘ Eleventh 
Annual Report of the Board of Agriculture of the State of Ohio,’ to the Governor, for 
the year 1856; by the Board. ‘ Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the year 
1856; by the Patent Office of the United States. ‘The Journal of the Society of 
Arts’ for May; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for May; by the Editor. 
‘The Atheneum’ for April and May; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly 
Intelligencer,’ Nos. 1837—140; ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, Nos. 
31 and 32; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ Nos. 
1—6; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘ Fabricia Entomologica, Part I., 
No.3; by the Author, M. H. Jekel. ‘ Description de la Leptura Militaris,’ par M. 
Aug. Chevrolat; ‘ Description de Nouvelles espéces de Coléoptéres, par M. Aug. 
Chevrolat ; by the Author. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited some fine examples of both sexes of Papilio Ginomaus, 
sent from Ternate by Mr. Wallace. 

Mr. Stevens also exhibited specimens of Leemophleus Clematidis, of which spe- 
cies above a hundred examples had been captured by Dr. Power, Mr. Jeakes and 
himself, near Gravesend ; Stenolophus elegaus, of which Dr. Power and himself had 
secured about fifty, at Southend; and a living example of Hetwrius sesquicornis, one 
of several which he had recently taken near Hampstead, in nests of Formica fusca. 

Mr. Janson exhibited specimens of Haploglossa gentilis, found by Mr. F. Smith, 
in company of Formica fuliginosa, at Hampstead. The species had not hitherto 
been detected in this country. 

Mr. R. B. Were exhibited a specimen of Crioceris merdigera having a transverse 
lateral black patch on each elytron, which had been recently found in a garden at 
Homerton. 

Mr. Stainton stated that when at Ratisbon lately, Dr. Herrich-Schaffer had 
informed him of a new Lepidopterous insect frequenting ants’ nests, which be had 
received from the East Indies; and he had been exceedingly surprised to hear that 


69 


this new inmate of the formicarium was a butterfly, apparently of the family Lycx- 
nide. Dr. Herrich-Schaffer had been assured that this insect made: no use of its 
wings, and merely walked about in the ants’ nests, baving thick legs, of a peculiar 
construction, not unlike wooden legs. 

Mr. Westwood had little doubt but the butterflies alluded to were the singular 
insects figured by Dr. Horsfield in his ‘ Lepidopterous Insects of Java,’ Plate II., 
under the generic name of Symetha (Polyommatus Symethus of the ‘ Encyclopédie 
Methodique’ being the type), and having remarkably developed and thick tarsi. This 
Opinion was subsequently confirmed by Mr. Stainton. 

Mr. Douglas exhibited the following insects, and notes of their economy :— 

‘““Ornix Scoticella, with its pupa-case projecting frum its puparium, within a leaf 
of Sorbus aria. 

“ Coccyx splendidulana, Guén., with its pupa-case projecting from its puparium, 
in a piece of the bark of a willow, where I found it in March. Mr. Wilkinson, in his 
‘ British Tortrices, says the imago of this species ‘appears among fir trees ; but this 
does not accord with my experience, and in the present instance there is not a fir tree 
within half a mile of the place where [ found the pupa. 

“* Ruphidia P Last February, when examining, in Richmond Park, the 
rotten pieces of oak branches blown down by the wind, I found, in the centre of two 
of them, a larva of a Raphidia. What they did there I do not know; they appeared 
to have nothing except the wood to eat, but they were very lively. I took them home 
and put them in a large glass jar, still in the wood ; and there they remained till the 
6th of May, when I found two perfect insects. Attached firmly by the outstretched 
feet, was the pupa-skin which I now exhibit; it was in a vertical position, rent on the 
back where the imago had emerged, and resembled the exuvium of a dragon-fly, such 
as we constantly see attached to the stems of plants growing in water. The other pupa- 
skin I could not find. Twenty-five years ago Mr. Waterhouse read a memoir on the 
transformations of a species of Raphidia, to this Society, and it is published in the first 
volume of the * Transactions.’ J should not have deemed it worth while to bring the 
subject again under your notice, only that my observation of the position of the larva 
goes to prove his supposition that the habit is not carnivorous; and, moreover, 
I thought it might be of interest to show that, in the instances I noticed, the larve 
were not immediately beneath the bark of solid wood as his were, but in the centre of 
rotten branches, so rotten indeed that they crumbled beneath the fingers. Possibly 
they are not the same species as Mr. Waterhouse’s. Percheron says the larve feed 
on larve of Arachnides and Onisci; certainly mine had no such food after I got them, 
and as the pupa state lasts, according te Percheron, about fifteen days, mine either 
fasted two months or fed on the wood. 

“ Trinodes hirtus. The larva I exhibited recently, at a meeting of this Society, 
has, as I expected, produced an example of Trinodes hirtus. The following is a 
description of the larva :— 

“Length 13 line. Dirty white; head large, testaceous ; second segment narrow, 
black ; each segment is narrowly margined with black, and down the back is a row of 
black spots. The whole larva is densely clothed with black, stout hairs, arising in 
fascicles ; these hairs are erect on the back, but those along the sides are rather 
curved ; they are shortest at the head and anus, but the longest are more than half as 
long as the body. The larva is without the Caen anal tufts of hairs which are so 
couspicuous in the larva of Ztresias serra, 


70 


“The pupa state was assumed about the middle of May, within the skin of the 
larva, and under the web of the spider in whose company both this species and 
Tiresias serra live together under the loose bark of old oak trees. The imago appeared 
on the 3rd of June.” 

Mr. Stevens communicated the following extracts from a letter received by him 
from Mr. A. R. Wallace, dated Batchian, January 28, 1859 :— 

“T had determined to leave here about this time, but two circumstances decided 
me to prolong my stay—first, I succeeded at last in taking the magnificent new 
Ornithoptera, and, secondly, I obtained positive information of the existence here of a 
second species of Paradisea, apparently more beautiful and curious than the one I[ have 
obtained. You may perhaps imagine my excitement when, after seeing it only two 
or three times in three months, I at length took a male Ornithoptera. When I took 
it out of my net, and opened its gorgeous wings, I was nearer fainting with delight 
and excitement than I have ever been in my life; my heart beat violently, and the 
blood rushed to my head, leaving a headache for the rest of the day. The insect 
surpassed my expectations, being, though allied to Priamus, perfectly new, distinct, 
and of a most gorgeous and unique colour; it is a fiery golden orange, changing, 
when viewed obliquely, to opaline-yellow and green. It is, I think, the finest of the 
Ornithoptera, and consequently the finest butterfly in the world? Besides the colour, 
it differs much in markings from all of the Priamus group. Soon after I first took it 
I set one of my men to search for it daily, giving him a premium on every specimen, 
good or bad, he takes; he consequently works hard from early morn to dewy eve, and 
occasionally brings home one ; unfortunately several of them are iu bad condition. I 
also oc@asivnally take the lovely Papilio Telemachus, n. s. 

“‘T have seut off a small box containing four males, one female, and one young 
bird of the new Batchian Paradisea, besides one red-ticketed private specimen ; six 
males and five females of the new Ornithoptera, and seven Papilio Telemachus. 

“Tell Mr. Gray and Mr. Gould that the Paradisea had better not be described 
yet, as I am making great exertions to get the second species, evidently of the same 
genus, which will enable a generic character to be more accurately given. The but- 
terflies, I trust, will be both figured, male and female, either in Mr. Hewitson’s bouk 
or in Ent. Soc. Trans. For the Ornithoptera I propose Cresus as a good name. 
Butterflies are scarce ; good beetles turn up occasionally, but nothing very grand. I 
have now a handsome series of Buprestide, and a remarkably pretty lot of Longi- 
corns; one of my last acquisitions is a grand bronzy Tmesisternus, 14 inch long, a 
single specimen only. In almost all orders, and in birds, there is a deficiency of spe- 
cies ; yet there are so many pretty and brilliant things, and a few so grand and new, 
that on the whole I am inclined to think my Batchian collection will be the best 
I have made anywhere. 

“ Another reason which may induce me to stay perhaps two or three months 
longer at Batchian is that I have had no fever here, which I have never been free 
from two months at a time for the last two years before; and I may therefore hope to 
get my health well established for my next journey to New Guinea. 

“« The butterflies will make a show-box which will, I think, be admired almost as 
much as the birds of Paradise.” 

Mr. Westwood observed that he had little doubt the male Ornithoptera of which 
Mr. Wallace had given such a glowing description, in the letter just read, was the 
Ornithoptera Tithonus of De Haan, figured on the first plate of his-fine work on the 


71 


‘Insects of the Dutch Settlements, the hitherto unique specimen of which is in the 
Leyden Museum, and was seen by Mr. Westwood on his visit last year; he had also 
little doubt that the female would prove to be the O. Victoria of G. R. Gray, figured, 
some time since, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Linnean Society, from a specimen taken 
by Mr. M’Gillivray in one of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, and now in the 
British Museum collection. 

Mr. Shepherd thought, with Mr. Westwood, that Mr. Wallace’s description agreed 
with O. Tithonus, but considered it hardly possible that Mr. Wallace was not 
acquainted with De Haan’s figure. Previous to leaving this country for the East, 
Mr. Wallace had carefully investigated the works containing descriptions and figures 
of the entomological productions of the countries he was about to visit ; and it seemed 
almost incredible that he could have overlooked or forgotten this fine insect. 


Mr. Baly read a paper on new species of Phytophagous insects, together with the 
characters of a new genus, Paralina: this latter is closely allied to Lina and Chryso- 
mela, and is separated from these genera on account of its produced meta-sternum, 
which, passing forwards between the meso-coxe, articulates with the base of the pro- 
sternum, entirely concealing the meso-sternum ; its type is Lina Indica, Hope. 


July 4, 1859. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the 
donors : —‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. ix. No. 34; presented by the 
Society. ‘Farm Insects; being the Natural History and Economy of the Insects 
injurious to the Field-crops of Great Britain and Ireland, and also those which infest 
Barns and Granaries; with suggestions for their destruction.’ By John Curtis, F.L.S., 
&e. Part I.; by the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for July; by the Editor. ‘A Manual 
of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 33; ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ 
Nos. 141 to 144; by H.T.Stainton, Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for June; by the Editor. 
‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for June; by the Society. ‘The Literary 
Gazette’ for June; by the Editor. ‘ Exotic Butterflies,” Parts 30 and 31; by W. W. 
Saunders, Esq. 


The following works were announced as having been recently purchased for the 
Society’s Library :—Olivier, ‘ Entomologie, 8 Vols. Boisduval and Guenée, ‘ Species 
Général des Lepidoptéres, 7 Vuls. and 7 Fasciculi of Plates. Fabricius, ‘ Systema 
Antliatorum.’ MacLeay,‘ Annulosa Javanica, PartI. Martyn’s ‘Spiders.’ Walcke- 
naer, ‘ Faune Parisienne, Insectes, 2 Vols. ‘ Zoological Journal, 5 Vols. Spinola, 
‘Essai Monographique sur les Clerites,’ 2 Vols. Guérin-Méneville, ‘ Iconographie 
du Régne Animal, Insectes.’ Redtenbacher, ‘ Fauna Austriaca der Kafer.’ 


72 


Election of a Member. 


W. D. Crotch, Esq., Uphill House, Weston-super-Mare, was balloted for and 
elected a Member of the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Jeakes exhibited a specimen of Arrhenodes maxillosus,Oliv., a North-American 
Curculio of the family Brentide, but which had been found flying in a garden at 
Camden Town by Miss Jeakes. 

Mr. Bond exhibited some Lepidoptera taken at Freshwater, Isle of Wight, amongst 
which were beautiful varieties of Setina irrorella, a series of an apparently new spe- 
cies of Coleophora, Cochylis flaviciliana, &c.; he also exhibited a splendid living 
specimen of Calosuma sycophanta, found on the coast at Freshwater a few days pre- 
viously, and had since been fed on the larva of Biston hirtarius, of which it devoured 
three or four full-grown examples daily. 

Mr. Shepherd exhibited specimens of Deleaster dichroa, lately taken near London. 

Mr. A. F. Sheppard sent for exhibition two specimens of Erastria venustula, taken 
near Loughton, Essex. 

Mr. Janson exhibited the following species of Coleoptera, hitherto unrecorded as 
British, viz., Stenus opticus, Grav., from Mr. Jeakes’ collection, taken by Mr. Squire 
in Horning Fen; Conosoma pedicularium, Grav., from Holme Fen; and Scolytus 
Pruni, Ratz., taken near London. 

Mr. Mitford exhibited a fine series of Psyche fusca, which he had lately bred from 
the larve taken near Hampstead; and a specimen of Carabus intricatus, found near 
Bath, being a new locality for this fine species. 

Mr. Holdsworth exhibited the nest and eggs of Hydrous piceus, from the aquarium 
of the Zoological Society, in the Regent's Park. 

Mr. Gorham exhibited specimens of Anchomenus livens, taken on sugar placed 
on trees to attract Noctue. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited an apparently new species of Phycita, taken near Mickle- 
ham; and some beautiful Lepiduptera, chiefly Tineina, sent from Moreton Bay, by 
Mr. Diggles; also the drawing of the larva of a species of Gastrophasia, Guén., and 
the moth reared therefrom. 

Mr. Stevens also exhibited both sexes of the splendid Ornithoptera alluded to by 
Mr. Wallace in the letter read at the last meeting of the Society; and also both sexes 
of the beautiful Papilio allied to P. Ulysses, for which Mr. Wallace proposed the 
specific name of “Telemachus,” which had arrived in this country since the last 
meeting. He observed that the Ornithoptera, although allied to O. Tithonus, DeHaan, 
was by no means identical with that insect, as had been conjectured by Mr. West- 
wood, from the description given in Mr. Wallace’s letter. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited, and read the description of, a new and beautiful species 
of Phasmide, for which he proposed the name of Donelytron Batesianum, and to publish 
a coloured figure in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Society, it having been forwarded by 
Mr. Bates, from the Amazon River, too late for representation in Mr. Westwood’s 
monograph on the family, published by the Trustees of the British Museum. 

Mr. Westwood also exhibited a fine Papilio, collected in New Caledonia, by Mr. 
MacGillivray, of which the following are the characters :-— 


73 


Mr. Westwood exhibited, and read the description of, a new and beautiful species 
of Phasmida, for which he proposed the name of Donelytron Batesianum, and to publish 
a coloured figure in the ‘Transactions’ of the Society, it having been forwarded by 
Mr. Bates, from the Amazon River, tov late for representation in Mr. Westwood’s 
monograph on the family, published by the Trustees of the British Museum. 

Mr. Westwood also exhibited a fine Papilio, collected in New Caledonia, by Mr. 
MacGillivray, of which the following are the characters :— 


Papttio (Utysszs, var.) ULysstnus, Westw. 

Alis nigris dimidio basali ceruleis, corpore et basi alarum viridi irroratis, venulis 
tribus vene mediane macula holosericea nigra singulatim indutis, incisuris 
marginalibus albido maculatis; alis subtus fuscis, luteo-variis striga trans- 
versa aree discordalis, lutea ; posticis lunulis 6-maculaque anali luteis, squa- 
mis ceruleis supra marginatis. Expans. alar. unc. 33. 


Mr. Westwood, in describing this insect, called attention to the state of the 
question as to the views of the modification of species entertained by different recent 
writers, and observed that it appeared to him to afford an additional proof of the fact 
that, whilst many species of insects seemed to be free, under any changes of time or 
place, from more than occasional and slight individual variation, other insects evi- 
dently exhibited decided modifications of higher than individual character, wherever 
they existed in distinct localities. Of the former of these kinds of species he quoted 
Cynthia Cardui, which maintained its pure specific character almost all over the 
world (to which Mr. Douglas added Deiopeia pulchella) ; whilst of the other kind 
Papilio Paris, and apparently P. Priamus (to which P. Ulysses might now be added), 
might be cited. Hence Mr. Westwood considered that the fine Papilio exhibited 
that evening was another local variety of P. Ulysses ; and he suggested for it the sub- 
specific name of “ Ulyssodes.” He added that in the British Museum collection is 
another geogra phical sub-species, also from New Caledonia, in which the male has 
scarcely any trace of the silky patches on the fore-wings, although agreeing in size 
with Ulyssinus. For this he proposed the name of P. (Ulysses) Ulyssellus. This 
diversity in the modificational powers of certain species had, he believed, not been 
sufficiently noticed in treating upon the question of the modification of species. He 
considered it would be advisable, however, to give to each decided geographical modi- 
fication of a species a separate specific or sub-specific name. 

Mr. Waterhouse admitted the existence of decided and well-marked geographical 
races amongst certain insects, citing certain species of Philippine Pachyrhynchus. 
He had not, however, deemed it necessary to give to ihese races distinct names. He 
also noticed the fact that whilst certain species seemed never to vary (Coccinella 
7-punctata for example), other species in the same genus were so variable, in the 
same locality, that it was scarcely possible to obtain two specimens alike. 

Mr. Westwood also observed that he was not sure whether the grand new Orni- 
thoptera, for which Mr. Wallace proposed the name of “ Croesus,” might not be a local 
variety of O. Priamus. . 

Mr. Pascoe stated, with reference to his papers on the Longicorn Coleoptera, 
published in the ‘Transactions’ of the Society, that he had ascertained his genus 
Blemmya was identical with Euryarthrium, Blanch., and that Anomesia was refer- 
rible to Eunidia, Erich., which is also the Evethis of Dejean. His names therefore, 
being the most recent, must be suppressed. He also mentioned that Sophronica, Dej., 

M 


74 


“ 


was synonymous with Dasyo, and that his Pachypeza implex appeared to be the 
Cacostola leucophea of the same author. 


Mr. Smith read some notes on the economy of the Ichneumons constituting the 
genus Pezomachus of Gravenhorst, with observations on Pezomacbus fasciatus. 

Mr. Waterhouse read two papers, intituled “ Notes on the British Species of 
Donacia,” and “ Notes on the British Species of Cissida.” 


Part 2 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘Transactions’ was on the table. 


August 1, 1859. 
J.O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors : —*‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. x., No. 35; presented by the 
Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. iv., No. 13 ; by 
the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,’ Nos. 370—391 ; by 
the Society. ‘Catalogus Hemipterorum, Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen 
Verein zu Stettin;’ by the Society. ‘ Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Ko6niglichen 
Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Jahrgang 1858;’ by the Society. 
‘Errinerung an Mitglieder der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Koéniglich 
Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, von Dr. Carl Friedrich Philipp von Mar- 
tius, Secretari der gennanten Classe ; ‘ Monumenta Secularia, II. Classe;’? § Alma- 
nack fir das Jahr 1859 ;’ by the Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaf- 
ten. ‘Farm Insects,’ No. 2; by the Author, J. Curtis, F.L.S., &e. ‘ The Zoologist’ 
for July; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for July; by the Editor. ‘ The 
Journal of the Society of Arts’ for July; by the Society. 


The following works were announced to have been recently purchased for the 
Society’s Library : — Mulsant, ‘ Coleoptéres de France, 8 Vols. Silberman, ‘ Revue 
Entomologique, 5 Vols. Erichson, ‘ Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands,’ 
Vol. i. Fas. 1—3; ii., 1—6; iii. and iv., 1 and 2. Ratzeburg, ‘ Die Forst Insecten,’ 
6 Vols. Germar, ‘ Zeitschrift fir Entomologie, 5 Vols. Koch, ‘ Arachniden,’ 16 


Vols. ; and ‘ Uerbersicht des Arachniden Systems, 5 Parts. 


Mr. H. W. Bates, Corresponding Member of the Society, who had lately arrived 
in England, was present, and very cordially received by the Meeting. He has 
devoted the last thirteen years to the investigation of the Entomology of the Valley 
of the Amazons ; and the collections which he has from time to time forwarded to 
this country sufficiently attest his energy and perseverance under the dangers and 
hardships to which he has been exposed. 


Exhibitions. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited specimens of Cuchylis Francillana, with the pupa-cases 
from which they were bred, projecting from a stem of the wild carrot, in which the 
larva feeds ; they were found in February last, at Forest Hill. Also specimens of 
Rhodophea rubrotibiella, taken recently at Forest Hill, in the same locality as the two 


75 


specimens exhibited by him at the meeting of the Society in September last, and then 
new to Britain. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan also exhibited an example of Ochsenheimeira vacculella found at 
Lewisham, on the 28th ult., in a most singular situation for the imago of a Lepi- 
dopterous insect, namely, under close bark on the stump of an old alder tree, about 
three feet from the ground. 

Mr. Bond exhibited the larva of Drilus flavescens, found near Folkestone. 

Mr. Lewis exhibited a living example of Chlenius Schrankii, of which he had 
lately taken about sixty specimens near Luccombe, Isle of Wight. 

Dr. Wallace exhibited a specimen of Deilephila lineata, taken by Dr. Burkill, in 
1856, at Tremeri, in Ireland ; aud Agrotis valligera, from the same locality. He also 
exhibited examples of the following species, which he had lately found on a recent 
visit to Waterford, namely, Leucania littoralis, Mamestra abjecta, Cidaria populata, 
Larentia salicaria, Eupithecia denotaria, E. constrictaria, E. satyraria, Acidalia im- 
mutaria, and A. inornaria. Euchelia Jacobee and Cetonia aurata were in great 
plenty in the neighbourhood ; the latter species, he was informed, had been very rare 
till late years. 

Mr. Mitford exhibited fine specimens of Trochilium Chrysidiformis, Timandra 
prataria, and Spilodes palealis, taken near Folkestone. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited a mass of the empty cocoons of Ilythia sociella, for- 
warded to him by Professor Harvey, of Dublin, of which the Irish naturalists had 
failed in determining the nature, which had been taken from the stomach of a cow. 
The only explanation which he could give of so unusual a situation was, that, as the 
social caterpillars of these species frequent the nests of humble bees in considerable 
numbers, it was probable that the cow, whilst grazing, had come upon the nest ofa 
moss-carder Bombus, and had chewed it together with the grass, the stomach not 
having had the power to dissolve the mass of cocoons. Mr. Bond confirmed this 
opinion, having found the mass of cocoons of the Ilythia in the nest of the moss- 
carder bee. 


Mr. Westwood had observed, last season, some elm trees near Oxford, which were 
infested by the Scolytus destructor in the heat of the summer, exuded sap, and 
attracted large quantities of insects. One of these, this season, has died off, still 
emitting small patches of extravasated sap: this had attracted vast quantities of 
Cetonia aurata, the tree from the base of the trunk tu the topmost branch being 
covered by hundreds of specimens, in clusters of a dozen or score together, producing 
shining masses visible at sume distance, and which had attracted Mr. Westwood’s 
attention to the insects. Many had become so stupified from the fluid they had 
imbibed that they had fallen down helplessly to the ground. Their sense of smell 
must have been extremely acute, and the odour of the sap (in very small quantities ip 
each place) very penetrative and diffusive, in order to have attracted so great an 
assemblage of beetles. 

Mr. Douglas remarked that an almost imperceptible exudation from the trunks of 
trees was often caused by the young larva of Cossus ligniperda. 

Mr. Tegetmeier described a practical application of Shirach’s discovery re- 
specting the power of bees to raise a new queen frum a neuter or worker grub ; 
by means of which the contents of old hives can be taken without destroying 
the bees or sacrificing any brood. ‘The plan consists in driving out the queen, 


76 


and about half the bees, in the spring, and establishing them as a new swarm, 
when the bees remaining in the old hive have to rear a new queen from a worker 
grub. From the time required to accomplish this, it follows that no eggs can be laid 
for about three weeks ; by this time the workers producing eggs laid by the old queen 
will have been hatched out, and the cells filled with honey, when the whole of the 
bees are to be driven out, and the honey, which will be found perfectly free from 
brood, retained for use. The plan had been very successfully worked at the bee- 
house of the Apiarian Society, and specimens of the results were submitted to the 
Meeting. 


September 5, 1859. 


Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors : —‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. x. No. 36; presented by the 
Society. ‘Farm Insects, Parts 3 and 4; by the Author, John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. 
‘The Zoologist’ for September; by the Editor. ‘Smithsonian Contributions to 
Knowledge, Vol. x. ‘Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian 
Institution for the year 1857; ‘Reply to the Statement of the Trustees of the Dud- 
ley Observatory,’ by Benj. Apthorp Gould, jun.; ‘Defence of Dr. Gould, by the 
Scientific Council of the Dudley Observatory ;? by the Smithsonian Institution. ‘The 
Atheneum’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for Au- 
gust; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette for August; by the Editor. 


Election of a Subscriber. 


R. W. Fereday, Esq., of 2, Leighton Villas, Talbot Road, Kentish Town, was bal- 
loted for and elected a Subscriber to the Society. 


Exhibitions. 

The President exhibited, on behalf of their captor, Dr. Power, the following 
British Coleoptera, with localities and dates of capture :— 

Anchomenus versutus, Gyll. Wimbledon, July 30, 1858. 

Polystichus fasciolatus. Sheerness, June and August, 1859. 

Trechus longicornis. Banks of Ribble, July, 1859. 

Acrognathus mandibularis, Gy/l. Darenth, June 19, 1859. 

Odacantha melanura. Merton, August. 1859. 

Deleaster dichrous. Colney Hatch. June 25, 1859. 

Anchomenus pelidnus (var. Thoreyi ?). Merton, July, 1859. 

Ancylophorus glabricollis, Hric. Merton, July 26, 1859. 

Helophorus intermedius. Merton, July, 1859. 
The two last-mentioned species had not previously been recorded as natives of Britain. 

Mr. Smith remarked, with reference to Polystichus fasciolatus, that Mr, Hewitson 
took this species in some plenty, on the shore to the west of Southwold, near Lowe- 
stoft; they were found under stones above the shingle on the sloping shore, in front 
of the salt marsh beyond which is the mud wall leading to the ferry over to Walben- 
wick. The salt marsh abounds in species of Coleoptera. The date of capture was 
the month of April. 


77 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a portion of a collection of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera 
made by Mr. Trimen in South Africa, about 300 miles east of the Cape of Good 
Hope; and a fine series sent from Sierra Leone by Mr. Foxcroft. 

Mr. Stevens also exhibited a living specimen of Locusta migratoria, which he had 
captured near Brighton, in which neighbourhood, he stated, the species was un- 
usually common this autumn. 

Dr. Knaggs observed that he had seen a specimen lately taken at Camden Town. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a specimen of Hadena peregrina, which he had lately 
captured at Freshwater, Isle of Wight, being the second recorded British example ; 
also Phibalapteryx gemmaria and Eupeecilia flaviciliana, from the same locality, 

Dr. Allchin exhibited a specimen of Synia musculosa, taken at Brighton, and two 
fine examples of Nola centonalis, taken in Kent. 

Mr. Janson exhibited a fine new species of Adelops, found by M. Jacquelin Duval 
in the Pyrenees, and for which he proposed the specific name of Bonvouloirii. 

Dr. Knaggs exhibited the following Lepidoptera, with notes of capture :— 

Clostera Anachoreta. He had lately been fortunate enough to capture eleven 
larve of this insect in one of the home counties, and succeeded in rearing ten moths ; 
a friend who subsequently took a pupa presented it to him, and this also reached the 
imago state. The only reputed British examples of this species hitherto known are 
_ contained in the British Museum Collection, and were obtained by the late 
Dr. Leach from the collection of Mr. Spratt: so many years having elapsed without 
the occurrence of other specimens, its claim to rank as a British insect has been 
almost universally disputed, and the present capture may therefore be looked upon as 
a re-discovery. 

Aplecta occulta. A specimen taken in his own field at Camden Town in August 
last. Few examples of this fine insect have occurred in the southern districts of 
Britain. He had captured, during the past three years, upwards of ninety species of 
Noctuz in this piece of ground. 

Emmelesia teniata, Taken by B, Piffard, Esq., at Tintern, at the end of June; 
the locality is interesting, the insect having previously only occurred in Ireland and 
in the Lake District. 

Eupithecia tenuiata, Also taken by B. Piffard, Esq., at the same time and place. 

Nonagria concolor. ‘Taken at Folkestone, end of June. Some of the Members 
present were of opinion that it was not that species, the examples being paler and 
apparently a more slender insect than those found in the fen district. 

Simaethis vibrana. Taken at Folkestone, end of June. Previous captures of this _ 
insect certainly do not exceed six examples. 

Diplodoma marginipunctella. Bred by Dr. Knaggs from larva, taken chiefly near 
Epping, at the beginning of June. Dr. Knaggs observed that the case-bearing larve 
of this species were by some entomologists considered to be entirely carnivorous; he 
had, however, found them to feed freely on bramble and hazel. 

Melanippe fluctuata. A singular variety, destitute of the larger costal blotch, the 
central spot being thereby brought out conspicuously. 

Dr. Knaggs also exhibited the living larve of Acidalia strigillata, he believed 
never before seen in this country ; they were reared by him from the egg, and were a 
few weeks old: he observed that he had supplied them with various plants as food, 
but all were rejected by them till (by the advice of Mr. Henry Doubleday) he had 
given them the common knot-grass (Polygonum aviculare), on which they fed freely. 


“ 


78 


And lastly, Dr. Knaggs exhibited a male of Pamphila Linea and a female of 
Anthrocera Filipendule, which he kad taken in copu/d, and which was confirmed by 
Mr. J. B. Lynch, who also saw them in that state; he kept the Anthrocera alive for 
some time, in the hopes of getting ova, but was doomed to disappointment. 


Strophosomus limbatus feeding on Rhododendrons. 


The Secretary read the following letter, addressed to him by Mr. Charles Noble, 
of Bagshot Nursery, dated August 19th, 1859 :— 

“ Sir,—I trust you will pardon the liberty I take in sending the enclosed insects 
to you; they are doing me an immense amount of injury by eating the leaves of 
young Rhododendrons, and it appears to me they will destroy some thousands if a 
remedy cannot be found to destroy them. Could you favour me with its name, its 
mode of life, how and where its eggs were laid, and if any known remedy can be 


adopted to destroy it?” 
Mr. Janson observed that the insects sent were Strophosomus limbatus, a Curculio 


common on heath, and therefore doubtless abundant in the immediate neighbourhood 
of Mr. Noble's grounds; and the President remarked that it was scarcely to be 
wondered at that the insect should attack Rhododendrons, which belong to the same 
natural order of plants as heaths. 


Bees drinking from a Chalybeate Spring. 

Mr. Tegetmeier stated that when recently at Blechynden, near Southampton, he 
was informed that the bees in the neighbourhood resoried almost exclusively to one 
particular spring, or deep open cutting dug for draining: on examination, he found 
that the water was strongly impregnated with iron, evidently derived from the 
decomposition of iron pyrites. He noticed that the bees congregated in the greatest 
numbers at the head of the cutting, drinking the water as it issued from the ground, 
before it had deposited any of the iron as peroxide. There were numerous other 
open cuttings in the field, the water in which was not impregnated with iron, and 
they were not freyuented by the bees. The fact of bees preferring a chalybeate 
spring had not, he believed, been previously noticed. 


Mr. Pascoe stated that the collection of insects of all orders belonging to the 
United Service Museum was to be disposed of by private contract. 


October 3, 1859. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors:—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ Vol. xx. 
Part 1; presented by the Society. ‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie uitgegeven door de 
Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging,’ Vol. iii. Parts 3, 4 and 5; by the Ento- 
mological Society of the Netherlands. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean 
Society, Vol. iv. No. 14; by the Society. ‘ Farm Insects,’ Part 5; by the author, 
John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 32 ; by W. W. Saunders, Esq., 
F.R.S.  * The Zoologist’ for October ; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society 


TY 


of Arts” for September; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for September; by 
the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for August; by the Editor. ‘A Manual of British 
Butterflies and Moths,’ Vol. ii.; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, No. 157; 
‘The Natural History of the Tineina,’ Vol. iv.; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ Bijdragen 
tot de Dierkunde uitgegeven door het Koninklijk Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra 
te Amsterdam.’ Part 7; by La Commission du Jardin Zoologique @Amsterdam. Four 
specimens of Pterophorus Loewii; by the Rev. O. P. Cambridge. 


Election of a Member. 


The Baron Maximilian de Chaudoir was balloted for, and elected a Member of 
the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Pieris Daplidice, taken by Mr. Shickle on the 
Kentish coast. 

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of Laphygma exigua and Heliothis armigera, taken 
at Freshwater; also single examples of Noctua flammatra and Leucania extranea, 
from the same locality ; these two last-mentioned species being additions to the list 
of British Noctuz, and the latter especially remarkable as not being hitherto recorded 
as an European insect, although found in various parts of America, Asia and Aus- 
tralia. 

Mr. Bond also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Matthews, a specimen of Aspilates 
sacraria, taken by him in Devonshire; and on the part of Mr. Lynch, a fine specimen 
of Acidalia rubricaria, taken in Kent. 

Mr. Smith exhibited a specimen of Aspilates sacraria, taken on Banstead Downs, 
on the 22nd of August last; and a number of the original drawings of the illustrations 
of Roesel’s ‘ Insecten Belustigung, lent to him by Dr. Gunther. 

Dr. Allchin exhibited a specimen of Lycena beetica, taken near Brighton on the 
7th of August last, and the first known instance of the occurrence of the species in 
Britain ; and an example of Leucania extranea taken near Lewes on the 9th of Sep- 
tember. He also exhibited specimens of Coremia ferrugata and the variety called 
unidentata by Haworth, taken in copula. 

Dr. Allchin also exhibited beautiful drawings of Lycena beetica and Leucania 
extranea, made by Mr. W. S. Coleman. 

Mr. Stainton observed with reference to the occurrence of L. beetica in England, 
that the species is usually rare in the north of Paris, but this season it had been very 
abundant in the north of France, and also in the Channel Islands; it was not, there- 
fore, to be wondered at that it should have reached our southern coast. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of Pterophorus brachydactylus, taken in Cum- 
berland by Mr. Hodgkinson ; this being the second British specimen of the insect, of 
which a single specimen had occurred in Norfulk more than twelve years ago. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited a drawing of a new species of Lithocolletis (L. Helianthemi) 
with a cocoon of the insect; the habit of this species was altogether abnormal, as the 
larva, which mines the under side of the leaves of the Helianthemum vulgare, quits the 
mine to undergo the change to the pupa state, and forms a flattish, white cocoon, very 
similar to those formed by some larve of the genus Gracilaria. The perfect insect 
has considerable resemblance to L. sylvella, and, despite the habit of the larva, appears 
to be a veritable Lithocolletis. Mr.S. has received the drawing and cocoons from 
Herr Hofmann, of Ratisbon. 


80 


Mr. F. Moore exhibited the larve of the Eria moth, of Bengal (S. Ricini, Boisd.), 
and of the hybrid between it and the Eria of China (S. Cynthia, Drury), reared from 
eggs received from M. Guerin-Menéville. The larve have been fed on the castor-oil 
plant (Ricinus Palma-Christi). 

Mr. Gorham exhibited some Coleoptera taken near Westerham, including Amara 
ruficincta, Tetratoma Desmarestii and Philonthus thermarum; also Stenolophus Skrim- 
shiranus, from Hammersmith. 

Mr. Trimen exhibited a further portion of the entomological collection made 
by him in South Africa, and part of which had been exhibited at the September 
meeting of the Society ; amongst the Lepidoptera were some splendid Hepialide and 
Zygenide. 

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some specimens of a species of Ino, which he considered 
might be distinct from the known British species, Ino Statices and I. Globularie: he 
also exhibited a singular mass of cocoons found on a twig of the Virginian creeper, 
at Kentish Town, which Mr. Westwood pronounced to be the cocuvons of Microgaster 
alyearius. 

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Emus hirtus, taken at Southend hy 
Mr. Haward; and an example of the true Anchomenus elongatus, Dejean, taken by 
Mr. Brewer at Southwold, Suffolk,—the specimen, which is unique as British, now 
belongs to the collection of Mr. Jeakes. 

Mr. Janson read some extracts from Henry Mann, Esq., of Mercarra in Coorg, 
Madras Presidency, respecting a species of Coccus, which has done much injury to 
the coffee plantations in that part of India. 

Mr. Mitford stated that he had recently captured a single larva of Deilephila 
Euphorbiz in the Isle of Wight. 


The Larve of the Gnat. 


Mr. Westwood read a letter from Mr. Swan, which stated that whilst trying some 
experiments in bleaching materials for paper, he had occasion to use some rain-water 
swarming with the larve of the gnat. Wanting to make some strong alkaline ley, he 
put 2 oz. of soda (used for washing) with 2 oz. of quick-lime into a pint of the water, 
whereupon the larve darted about as usual, and did not appear in the least incon- 
venienced after the soda was dissolved and the lime slacked, nor did they succumb till 
the water was placed over a fire to be boiled. Knowing that chloride of lime was 
very destructive in killing fish (from seeing the effects of the spent liquor thrown by 
the paper-makers into the river, after having used it for bleaching their pulp), he tried 
the effect of it upon these larva in two quarts of water, in which over 1 fb. of bleaching 
salts (or chloride of lime) was thoroughly dissolved, and which was so strong that 
after stirring it up with the hand he was obliged to anoint it with some oil to take off 
the injurious effect produced upon the skin; these larve, however, seemed quite at 
home and comfortable, if anything a little more lively, even after having been in the 
liquor an hour and a half. 


Observations on Sitaris humeralis. 


Mr. Smith read some remarks on Sitaris humeralis by Mr. Stone, in which the 
writer, after stating that his attention had been directed to these insects on some old 
walls in the neighbourhood of Brighthampton, by a paper by Mr. J. W. Douglas, 
published in No. 149 of the ‘ Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ observes :— 


81 


“On the 17th of August the insect made its first appearance this season, and in 
the course of that day I secured seven specimens. On the following day I obtained 
four more, and on the third and fourth days a couple of dead ones. Nota single 
specimen was to be met with from this period till the 3rd of September, when the 
insect again appeared, and this time in great profusion. I procured that day upwards 
of thirty specimens, and they have been coming out daily, in numbers apparently 
varying somewhat, according to the temperature, from that time to the present 
(September 27th). 

“ When the insect first began to appear in the winged state I set about exploring 
the cells of the bee upon which it was said to be parasitic. In doing this I obtained 
three or four larve just about to become pupe. The change from one state to the 
other reminded me more than anything else of a ‘ dissolving view.’ First, there was 
a distinct picture in the shape of a white, fat larva; presently an obscurity began to 
extend itself over the picture, gradually becoming more and more dense, and after a 
while as gradually clearing away, when an entire change was found to have taken 
place ; and instead of a white, fat larva, there was to be seen an amber-coloured object, 
in shape much like a coffee-berry, loosely enveloped in a semi-transparent covering. 
Having removed several of these coverings, and examined them with the aid of a 
powerful Jens, they appear to me to be the skins of bee larve, and if so, it is clear the 
Sitaris larva must feed upon the body of the bee larva, living and undergoing its 
changes inside the latter. 

“T obtained a considerable number of pupz, which were found in groups, each 
group consisting of from three or four to ten or twelve, and each pupa occupying a cell 
of the bee upon which the insect is parasitic. . 

“The perfect insects make their way out of the cells in which they have been bred by 
gnawing away the mortar or dirt of whch they are composed. The females, on emerging, 
station themselves just outside the cells they have quitted, and there await the coming 
of the males. They are not in general long without a partner, for by some curious 
arrangement they mostly contrive to emerge in pairs. Copulation takes place without 
loss of time, and in a brief space (generally not longer than three or four minutes) 
impregnation is effected, and the female, without removing from the situation she has 
been occupying, proceeds to deposit her eggs. They are deposited in immense masses, 
sometimes in the roof of the cell she has just vacated, or if not there, then in some con- 
venient cranny or crevice immediately adjoining. 

“IT have observed many instances of females dying, apparently of exhaustion, 
before they had completed the task of depositing their eggs; and in any case they 
appear to survive its accomplishment but a very brief period. The males also appear 
to be almost as short-lived as the females. 

“‘ Nature would seem to have given these creatures wings merely by way of orna- 
ment, for I have never seen either sex make the least attempt to use thew, aérial exer- 
cise being a thing they seem never to dream of taking ; indeed, they appear to be of 
the most sluggish habits, rarely, if ever, quitting the wall in which their whole life has 
peen passed, but to it they cling with amazing tenacity, and it requires some degree 
of force to compel them to loose their hold.” 

Mr. Smith observed that having examined the “semi-transparent coverings ” 
alluded to by Mr. Stone, which that gentleman had forwarded to him, he was of opinion 
that they were not the skins of bee larve, as supposed by Mr. Stone, but the cast skins 
of the larve of Sitaris. 

N 


82 


Mr. Lubbock said that M. Fabre had recently published, in the ‘ Annales des 
Sciences Naturelles,’ an interesting account of the habits and metamorphoses of Sitaris. 
After much trouble he convinced himself that the active little hexapod larva, after fixing 
itself to the body of the bee, patiently awaits the deposition of an egg, at which moment 
it quits the bee and attaches itself to the fresh-laid egg. After devouring the yolk it 
swims about for awhile in the empty egg-shell, and then, after undergoing the first 
metamorphosis, commences to eat up the honey. M. Fabre is so excellent an observer, 
and his paper is evidently written with so much care, that this statement is pro- 
bably correct, in which case Mr. Stone must be wrong in supposing that the Sitaris 
larva feeds on the body of the bee larva. Mr. Stone will be doing good service 
to Entomology if he is able, in a future season, to confirm the interesting observa- 
tions made by M. Fabre. 

Mr. Westwood stated that he had himself made nearly the same observations as 
Mr. Stone, on the habits of the perfect Sitaris, many years ago, in a village, in Oxford- 
shire, when he had found it usually abundant, and had succeeded in rearing the larve 
from the eggs laid by the females. He had since been favoured, by Madame Audouin, 
with permission to make copies of the extensive series of observations made on the 
habits and transformations of the same species, by the late lamented Prof. Audouin, 
which he promised to lay before the Society at a future opportunity. 


Part 3 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘Transactions’ was on the 
table. 


November 7, 1859. 


Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors : —‘ Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool,’ 
No. 13; presented by the Society. ‘Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Natu- 
ralistes de Moscou,’ 1858, Nos. 2,3 and 4; 1859, No.1; by the Society. ‘ Farm 
Insects, Part 6; by the Author, John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Zoologist’ for 
November; by the Editor. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the 
Collection of the British Museum,’ Part 18—Pyralides ; by the Author, Francis Walker, 
Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for October ; by the Society. ‘The 
Atheneum’ for September; by the Editor. ‘ The Literary Gazette’ for October; by 
the Editor. ‘ Catalogus Hemipterorum, Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen 
Verein zu Stettin;’ ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, Nos. 7—9; by the Ento- 
mological Society of Stettin. ‘The Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer, Vol. vi. 
and Nos._158—162; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. 


83 


Election of a Subscriter. 


E. C. Rye, Esq., of King’s Road, Chelsea, was balloted for, and elected a Sub- 
scriber to the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Waterhouse exhibited, on the part of Dr. Power, two new British species of 
Coleoptera, viz., Donacia obscura of Gyllenhal, Lacordaire, &c., determined by Mr. 
Waterhouse ; and Philonthus fuscus, Gravenh., determined by Dr. Power. The Do- 
nacia was sent to Dr. Power by Mr. Somerville, of Glasgow ; it is most nearly allied 
to D. Lemne, but is of an uniform bronze, inclining to lead-colour, has the posterior 
thighs more strongly dentate; the tarsi longer ; the third joint relatively rather longer, 
the punctures of the strie of elytra finer; the form of the hinder tibiz also differs, &c. 
Of the Philonthus there are two specimens, one taken at Shirley and the other at 
Merton, in July of the present year. 

Mr. Waterhouse then exhibited from his own collection :— 

1. A specimen of Philonthus fuscus, Grav., taken by him at Southend, at the be- 
ginning of September, 1858 ; it differs somewhat from Dr. Power's specimens (which 
have the thorax black, inclining to pitchy behind), in having the thorax red, with the 
fore-half pitchy ; this, it would appear froin the descriptions, is the more common 
colour of the part in question. In all the specimens exhibited the elytra are red, 
with the apex pitchy. Mr. Waterhouse added that Mr. Douglas has also taken this 
insect. 

2. Tachinus laticollis, Grav., Kraatz. Mr. Waterhouse stated that he is 
indebted to Mr. Constantine for a pair of this insect, which, according to Mr. Con- 
stanline, is not uncommon near Blackburn, in Lancashire. He had long searched for 
this insect in vain, both in the neighbourhood of London and in the New Forest, sus- 
pecting, from its range on the Continent, that it would be found here. By Erichson 
it is regarded as a variety of Tachinus marginellus, but it appears to Mr. Waterhouse 
that Dr. Kraatz is justified in again separating it asa species. Mr. Constantine, 
who takes both insects, states that he readily distinguishes them. 

3. Tomoxia bucephala, Costa, Mulsant. = Mordella fasciata, Payk., Gyll. Mr. 
Waterhouse has seen this insect mixed with specimens of the Mordella fasciata, Faé., 
in several of the London collections. The Tomoxia is distinguished by differences in 
the structure of the antenne and by differences in the relative length of the inter- 
mediate tibie and tarsi; but the most obvious distinction is in the large size and 
nearly square form of the scutellum, which is emarginate behind. In Mordella the 
scutellum is small and triangular. 

4, Byturus fumatus, Linn. Like the preceding, seems to be confounded with a 
nearly allied species. It differs from M. tomentosus in having the elytra more elon- 
gate and the eye much larger; the antenne also are inserted close to the anterior 
angle of the eye, whilst in M. tomentosus they are somewhat remote from that organ. 

Tenebrio Molitor, specimens having deformities produced by injuries received by 
the larve. Oue specimen has the thorax shorter and broader than usual, and cor- 
responds most closely with the insect upon which Mr, Stephens founds his Tenebrio 
laticollis; this type-specimen is evidently deformed. One specimen, exhibited by 
Mr. Waterhouse, had not the full number of joints to the antenne, and the joints 


84 


forming the club were much deformed, and more or less anchylosed. A second speci- 
men was remarkable only for having one of the hind legs much smaller than the 
other. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of Coleoptera, chiefly Geodephaga, taken in the 
neighbourhood of Rio, by Mr. Squire. 

Mr. Syme exhibited a beautiful drawing of the larva of Sphinx Convolvuli, drawn 
from Nature by Mrs. Syme; he also exhibited the following Lepidoptera, taken during 
the past season on the South Coast, viz., Leucania vitellina, Heliothis armigera, 
Ennomos fuscantaria and Phibalapteryx gemmaria. 

Mr. Bond exhibited a fine Phycis, new to this country, taken in Dorsetshire by 
the Rev. Mr. Green; and a specimen of Ancylocheira fasciata, Fab., found alive in 
Oxford Street, in July last. 

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Hydrochus carinatus, Germar, a species new 
to the British list, one of two taken by Mr. T. P. Dossetor, at the beginning of May 
last, in Holme Fen, Huntingdonshire ; and an example of Mycetophagus quadrigut- 
tatus, Muller (M. pubescens, Steph.), found about three weeks since, by Mr. R. 
M‘Lachlan, in a fungus on an oak, near Beckenham, Kent, and remarked that the 
present individual, one in the cabinet of the late Mr. Stephens, from the neighbour- 
hood of Portsmouth, and one taken by Mr. Waterhouse, in the corridor of the Crystal 
Palace, at Sydenham, in April, were the only indigenous examples of this species he 
had yet seen. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited some specimens of Micro-Lepidoptera, collected in South 
Africa by Mr. Trimen, amongst which was a beautiful Neurophora, which, unlike the 
known species of that genus, was adorned with elegant markings ; some specimens of 
the genus Coleophora, though in bad condition, were interesting as the first extra- 
European examples of that genus which had been met with. 

Mr. Stainton also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Birks, of York, a specimen of An- 
chocelis rufina, with an expanded tuft of hairs inserted beneath the abdomen, on the 
side of the third segment; a similar brush had existed on the opposite side, but had 
become detached whilst being microscopically examined. Mr. Stainton said it had 
been suggested that this was a peculiarity of the male A. rufina, and Mr. McLachlan 
remarked that he had noticed it in other specimens. 

Mr. Trimen exhibited some apparently nondescript Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, 
from South Africa. 

Dr. Allchin exhibited an example of Luperina Dumerilii, taken at Brighton on the 
26th September last. 

“Mr. Pascoe exhibited some longicorn beetles sent from Batchian by Mr. A. R. 
Wallace, and furnished the following characters of two of the species :— 


CERAMBYX AUREIPENNIS. 


C. ater; prothorace elongato, mutico, antice angustato, disco tuberculis tribus 
nitidis ; elytris sericeo-aurantiacis ; antennis corpore brevivribus. Long. 
8 lin. Batchian. 


TMESISTERNUS LOTOR. 


T. oblongo-ovatus, fulvo-brunneus ; capite, prothorace, elytris plagis tribus anticis, 
fascia post-mediana, maculisque apicalibus flavo-griseis ; geniculis nigris. 
Long. 9 lin. Batchian. 


85 
Mr. G. Wailes communicated the following :— 


Rhododendrons and their Enemies. 


“Mr. Noble’s communication, as to the destruction done to his Rhododendrons, 
reminds me of the doings of the larva of Mamestra Brassica amougst mine. Many 
years ago when the variety was scarce in gardens, these larve nearly ate up the whole 
of the young foliage of a plant of Rhododendron caucasicum album in a very few 
days, and on detecting the mischief I picked off some dozens of them. Since that 
ume I have occasionally seen marks of their handiwork on the lower leaves of R. pon- 
ticum, especially where the branches swept the surface of the turf. This year they 
have flown at nobler game, and made sad havoc in a house which I have devoted to 
the growing of the Sikhim aud Bhootan species. My collection of these fine plants 
wants only some three or four to include in it all the introduced species, and consists 
of more than a hundred plants. I mention this to show that the larve had full choice 
of food before them, whilst their attacks have been confined to the following,—glau- 
cum, barbatum, Maddeni, Hookeri, Windsori and Jenkinsi, and of these the plants 
were scattered about in different parts of the house, intermingled with the other sorts. 
I need hardly add that the mischief was done at night, and evidently by larve 
of nearly full growth, as may be seen by the leaves I enclose, and, as I found to be 
the case, when I managed to capture the offenders. My impression is that a female 
moth had gained access by the open windows, and had deposited her eggs on some 
other plants in the house, and I noticed that some young Chinese primroses, &c., had 
their leaves partially eaten, which I concluded was the work of small slugs, and that 
it was not till other food failed, or the larve had acquired a taste for roaming, that 
they had recourse to the Rhododendrons. I have also observed that the larva of some 
Tortrix attacks and twists up the small leaves which terminate the growth of such 
species as R. Dalhousie, Edgworthii and formosum, but have not yet succeeded in 
rearing the species. The damage is very trifling, as they don’t appear to meddle with 
the dormant buds. 

“ Another curious circumstance connected with these plants I have noticed as regards 
the habits of what is termed “ the white scale,’ a species of Aspidiotus. This pest, as 
is well known to all plant growers, confines its attacks almost exclusively to the under 
sides of leaves, where it often escapes the vigilance of the gardener. In the case of 
one of my plants of R. Edgworthii, from a nursery, it had established itself on the upper 
surface along the midrib, and on the depressed veins caused in this species by the 
bullate areoles of its beautiful leaves. To this locality it had evidently been driven by 
the thick tomentum which covers the stems and under sides of the leaves, and so pre- 
vents its attaching itself to the surface of the leaf itself Here, unfortunately for its 
safety, it at once strikes the eye and is readily destroyed. 

“ The very young leaves of several of the species have suffered also from the doings 
of the larve of one of the Tenthredinide, I think an Athalia, which in summer 
attacks almost all plants under glass, and seems a general feeder, eating the leaves 
half through from the under side. ‘This I will endeavour to rear, notwithstanding the 
almost irresistible inclination one naturally feels to be rid of it, and to ascertain what 
it really is.” 


86 


A paper by Mr. S. Stone was read, entitled 


Facts connected with the History of a Wasp’s Nest ; with Observations on Ripiphorus 
paradoxus. 


In this paper Mr. Stone shows that having taken a nest of Vespa vulgaris, and 
having destroyed the entire community, he placed it in an apartment near to a com- 
munity of the same species, which he had previously obtained; that members of the 
latter community at once proceeded to feed the grubs in the stranger-nest, and to 
construct a covering, which they completed in about a week. At the end of three 
weeks Mr. Stone found, to his surprise, that the cells were occupied with eggs and 
pupe in every stage of growth; and as by that time all the eggs and pup in the 
nest, when first taken, must have been either full grown and spun up, or must have 
become perfect wasps, it was clear that all those observed in the cells must have been 
deposited subsequently to the nest, having been taken. 

As none of the wasps driven out of the nest when this excommunication took 
place were queens, all being of the ordinary size of workers, Mr. Stone concludes that 
the eggs were those of workers, and as the whole brood which were subsequently 
developed were workers, it appeared that the results went partly to confirm Dr. 
Ormerod’s observations, published in the ‘ Zoologist,’ last August, namely, that 
workers deposit eggs which produce workers ; Dr. Ormerod, however, obtained males 
as well as workers from a nest which was deprived of its queen. The latter writer 
having removed a nest from a shrub, found that three or four straggling workers recon- 
structed the nest, and both eggs and grubs were found in it; this nest was also 
removed, and a third was consiructed by a few workers and eggs deposited in 
the cells ; not one wasp being observed or found in the nest. Mr. Stone also found 
numbers of Ripiphorus paradoxus, a beetle parasitic in nests of Vespa vulgaris: the 
discovery was too late in the season for Mr. Stone to observe in what manner 
the young grub of the beetle obtained its nourishment; one fact was, however, 
noticed, — that Ripiphorus is covered in the cell of the wasp, in the same way as the 
pupa of the latter insect, by a silken convex cap. 

Mr. Smith observed that doubtless every entomologist was acquainted with the 
details of Professor Siebold’s work on ‘A True Parthenogenesis, in which the won- 
derful but simple means were detailed whereby the eggs of the queen bee were ren- 
dered capable of producing fertile females and workers; and, having read Dr. 
Ormerod’s highly interesting paper on the Vespide (Zool. 6641), in which the author 
apparently proves that worker wasps can and do deposit eggs which develope workers 
and also males, and having heard in Mr. Stone’s paper a strong corroborative case 
described, he naturally was led to ask the question,—Is the wasp, then, differently 
organized to the honey-bee? This question he was not in a position to answer. 

It did appear, as a thing proved, that worker wasps, without a possibility of copu- 
lation, were capable of depositing eggs, and that those eggs developed both workers 
and males. That no copulation could have taken place was proved by the fact that 
not a single male was developed uutil six weeks later in the season. Another 
question forced itself upon his mind, as to whether parthenogenesis, as detailed by 
Siebold in reference to impregnation, applied equally to the social Vespide as to the 
social honey-bee ; in fact, was it a general law applying to all social hymenopterous 
insects? ‘Phe details before the Meeting appeared to give an answer in the negative. 


87 


Mr. Smith further observed that, for his own part, he could not, as the question 
stood, but think that there had been some defective observation, and that further and 
more close attention to the subject might possibly prove this to have been the case. 
Dr. Ormerod got over the difficulty by supposing some of the small queens—or large 
workers, as they in fact are—hybernated throughout the winter, being, like the queens, 
impregnated the previous season ; but to this Mr. Smith could not assent; it was con- 
trary to the observations of all previous observers. He had himself found, during his 
researches the last twenty years, great numbers of hybernating wasps, but all had been 
the large queens: he had never known of a single worker having been thus discovered. 
If worker wasps hybernated, and were capable of continuing their kind, whence any 
necessity for queen-wasps at all ?—Z. S. 


December 5, 1859. 
Dr. Gray, President, in the chair. 
Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be pre- 
sented to the donors: —‘ Genera des Coléoptéres, par M. T. Lacordaire, Tome v., 
and ‘ Atlas, Livraison 1; presented by the Author. ‘ Monographie des Elatérides,’ 
par M. E. Candéze; by the Author. ‘Transactions of the Zoological Society, 
Vol. iv. Part 6; by the Society. ‘Farm Insects,’ Part 7; by the Author, John 
Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Zoologist’ for December; by the Editor. ‘The Pro- 
ceedings of the Zoological Society, 1859, Part 2; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ 
for October and November; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for November; 
by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for November; by the Society. 
‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 163 to 166; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. 


Election of Members. 


Roland Trimen, Esq., 71, Guildford Street, Russell Square, and Henry Johnson, 
Esq., 31, St. Mark’s Crescent, Regent’s Park, were balloted for and elected Members 
of the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Dr. Wallace exhibited some specimens of the Coquilla nut from South America, 
the kernels of which had been eaten by the larva of Bruchus Bactris, of which he also 
exhibited examples. 

Mr. Janson stated that he had had the larva of this species alive for the last five 
months. 

Dr. Wallace also exhibited some specimens of Myrmica domestica, which he had 
lately found in great numbers in his own residence: as this was in the immediate 


88 


neighbourhood of the British Museum, he thought the authorities of that establish- 
ment ought to take every precaution to prevent it from obtaining an entrance therein, 
as it appeared to be impossible to exterminate them when they once obtained a 
lodgment, the nests apparently being situated in the foundations of the houses. 

Mr. Baly exhibited a fine new Hispa, sent from Batchian by Mr. Wallace, and 
read the following description of it :— 


“ OxYCEPHELA IMPERIALIS. 


“ Elongata, subdepressa, pallide fulva, nitida; antennis (basi excepto) piceis; 
thorace transverso-quadrato, basi ad apicem paullo ampliato, crebre punctato ; 
elytris postice attenuatis, metallico-cyaneis, apice externo rufis, fascia lata 
obliqua, vix ante mediam posita, extrorsum abbreviata, pallide fulva. 
Long. 7 lin. 

“ Hab. Batchian.” 


Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of Margarodes unionalis, a species new to 
Britain, taken by Mr. King, at Torquay. 

Mr. Fereday exhibited a beautiful series of Sphinx Convolvuli, captured this 
season; anda variety of Colias Edusa, having the central spot on the anterior wings 
much suffused on the under side. 

Dr. Knaggs brought for distribution amongst the members a number of specimens 
of Amara plebeia, found in his own field at Kentish Town. 

Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited specimens of Apis ligustica, of which he had lately 
received living examples of the queen and workers from the Continent, where it is 
considered a more profitable species to the owner than the common honey bee; he 
hoped, during the next season, to test the correctness of this opinion. 


Mr. Stainton read a paper “ On the Geographical Distribution of British Butter- 
flies.” 

Some conversation ensued on the probability that the few examples of Vanessa 
Antiopa, Argynnis Lathonia, &c., which are found in this country, are specimens bred 
on the Continent, and flown across the channel during favourable weather. Mr. Water- 
house observed that whilst crossing from Liverpool to Dublin in a steamer, a few years 
ago, on a remarkably calm day, when the sea was as smooth as glass, he noticed the 
surface of the water was literally covered with butterflies and other insects, which 
seemed to keep pace with the steamer; thousands of them must have crossed the 
channel that day: he was convinced that the powers of flight possessed by insects 
could hardly be over-estimated. 

The Secretary read a paper by Mr. Wallace, intituled “ Notes on the Habits of 
Scolytide and Bastrichide,” in which the author expressed his opinion (founded on 
extensive observations of the habits of those insects in the islands of the Eastern 
Archipelago) that they only attack trees which are already in a diseased or dying 
state. 


89 


January 2, 1860. 
J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors :— The Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. xxii, Part 4 ; ‘ Jounal 
of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. iv. No. 15; presented by the Society. 
‘Exotic Butterflies, Part 33; by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &ce. ‘The Entomo- 
logist’s Annual ’ for 1860; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Zoologist’ for 
January ; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for November and December; by the 
Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for December; by the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the 
Society of Arts’ for December ; by the Society. ‘ Descriptions of some Asiatic Lepi- 
dopterous Insects belonging to the Tribe Bombyces,’ by Frederick Moore, Assistant to 
the Natural-History Department of the Museum, India House; by the Author. ‘ List 
of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,’ 
Part xix. Pyralides ; by the Author, Francis Walker, Esq. F.L.S., &c. ‘ Catalogue of 
British Coleoptera,’ sheets H and I; by the Author, G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., F.Z.S. 


Election of a Member and Subscribers. 


J. W. May, Esq., 19, Clifton Road, St. John’s Wood, was balloted for and elected 
a Member of the Society ; and R. G. Keeley, Esq., 11, Sydney Terrace, Marlborough 
Road, Chelsea, and W.G. Pelerin, Esq, 28, Hertford Road, De Beauvoir Square, were 
elected Subscribers to the Society. 


Exhibitions. 

Mr. Samuel Stevens exhibited a large box of insects of various orders, sent from 
Siam by M. Mouhot. 

Mr. Groves exhibited a specimen of Libellula pectoralis of De Selys, a dragon-fly 
new to Britain, taken in June near Sheerness. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited a small Lepidopterous larva with eight ventral and two 
anal prolegs, preserved in spirits, which he had received from a correspondent, who, 
whilst asleep, was aroused by a smart bite inflicted on his instep, and who, on exami- 
nation of the part affected, discovered the larva exhibited. Mr. Westwood observed 
that although some Lepidopterous larve were known to be carnivorous, and many 
species in confinement would devour other larva, yet, taking for granted that the larva 
exhibited was the real culprit in this case, this was the first instance he had heard of 
their attacking the human species. The larva appeared to be that of one of the Tineide, 
but there was no appearance of a case in which it might have resided. 

Mr. Westwood also exhibited an elytron of a beetle (Broscus cephalotes) received 
from Sir C. Lyell, who had sent it to him as that ofa “ fossil” beetle, having been 
obtained from Mundesley, in Norfolk, from a formation containing fish remains (as 
Agassiz determined them) of extinct species, although associated with recent shells. 
Mr. Westwood, however, had no doubt that the elytron was a recent one, and it was 
not difficult to account for it being found in such a situation, as the species is common 
under marine rejectamenta on the coast, and it might readily be supposed that the 


O 


90 


working of worms might have carried down so small an article as the elytron of a beetle. 
The fact, however, possesses a certain interest in connexion with that of the flint arrow- 
heads in the drift, which is attracting so much attention at the present time. 

Dr. Allchin exhibited a small flask, constructed of brass, for introducing small 
quantities of chloroform into pill-boxes containing Lepidoptera, for the purpose of 
killing them ; he and others had experienced much inconvenience in using chloroform 
for this purpose when engaged in collecting, and the instrument exhibited was calcu- 
lated to remove all difficulty, as by means of it a single drop could be introduced into 
a pill-box without any risk of spilling or evaporation. 

Part 4 of the current volume of the ‘ Transactions,’ recently published, was on the 
table. 


AwniversaRY Mrerine, January 23, 1860. 
H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair. 


The Chairman read a letter from the President of the Society, Dr. Gray, stating 
his absence was caused by indisposition. 

Messrs. J. W. Douglas, W. W. Saunders, F. Walker and J. O. Westwood were 
elected Members of the Council, in the room of Messrs. J. S. Baly, F. P. Pascoe, 
F. Smith and G. R. Waterhouse. 

J.W. Douglas, Esq., was elected President; S. Stevens, Esq., Treasurer; and 
Messrs. Edwin Shepherd and Edward W. Janson, Secretaries. 

The Chairman delivered an address on the present state and future prospects 
of the Society and Entomology, for which the Meeting passed a cordial vote of 
thanks. 

Mr. Saunders, one of the Auditors of the Treasurer’s accounts, read an abstract 
thereof, and congratulated the Meeting on the favourable state of the Society's 
finances. 

The Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee, adopted by the Council as its 
Report to the Society, was read and received. 

A vote of thanks was passed to Dr. J. E. Gray, the retiring President, for his 
services to the Society during his period of office. 

A vote of thanks was also passed to the retiring Members of the Council. 


ie) 
oe 


THE ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. 


GENTLEMEN, 


Owing to the absence of our excellent President, who, I am 
sorry to say, is suffering in health, I have been asked to make a few 
observations this evening on the affairs of this Society and of Ento- 
mology in general during the past year, 

It is scarcely necessary to inform the Members now present that 
our Meetings have been well attended during the past year; they 
have been too well attended for the size of our room. However 
pleasing it may be to us to see an increasing interest taken in the 
Meetings of this Society, that pleasure is at present not unalloyed with 
pain: head-ache, throbbing temples and the extreme discomfort caused 
by breathing for some time a vitiated atmosphere, are the penalties to 
which we are subject for the attractiveness of our favourite Science. 
We number amongst our ranks many medical men, and I am sure all 
will agree with me that the monthly crowding together of entomologists 
in a space unfitted for their numbers must be deleterious. It might 
be that were this state of things continued indefinitely, many of our 
Members would succumb in this new struggle for existence, and those 
entomologists best fitted to breathe our vitiated atmosphere would 
have advantages over their fellows, and would become the favoured 
race; and supposing they transmitted these qualifications to their 
descendants, it #zght happen, in the course of a few hundred years, 
that a race of entomologists would be produced who would positively 
feel uncomfortable unless in rooms crowded to suffocation ; but whether 
the probability of this consummation be great or not, [ think it points 
to a period too remote to be immediately applicable to the present 
assembly. 

I am aware that there are difficulties in the way of moving a Society 
which possesses a Library so extensive as ours: the expense of our 


92 


removal must necessarily be a considerable item. But yet I feel con- 
vinced that if a suitable locality could be found with a meeting room 
at least twice as large as this, the Society would soon derive the benefit 
from the increase in its Members, more than sufficient to repay the 
expenses of removal. I say a room at least twice as large as this, 
because if we are to move, | think we ought to take a lesson from the 
case-making larve of the genus Coleophora, and these larve when 
they find their case too small and have to construct a new one, make 
it more than twice the size of the old one, so that it may at least last 
for a considerable time ; these larve do not like to be always making 
cases, and we, as a Society, do not wish to be always moving. 

During the past year we have added fifteen gentlemen to our ranks, 
ten of whom have been elected Members and five Subscribers. In 
the same period we have lost fonrteen—three Members by death, and 
five Members and six Subscribers have resigned. It will thus be 
observed we have now two Members more than last year, and one 
Subscriber less; this is clearly a gain on the side of the Society. 


Amongst our losses the latest, but not the least, is that of our highly 
esteemed Honorary Member, Mr. Spence. The name of Spence is 
so indissolubly connected with Entomology, and the Science has 
benefited so largely by his labours, that we owe no common debt of 
gratitude to his memory. William Spence was born in 1783, and in 
the early part of his life he resided at Hull. When about ten years of 
age he imbibed a slight taste for Botany, from being then under the 
charge of a clergyman who had himself a fondness for that study, and, 
to use Mr. Spence’s own account of the circumstance,* “ I was led from 
mere boyish imitation to collect and dry plants and to copy out the 
names of the Linnean classes and orders. This was the sole extent of 
my then botanical acquirements, which were wholly interrapted by 
going to another school ; and for the seven or eight subsequent years I 
never looked at a plant. But the germ was there, and old associations 
having led me to purchase at a book-sale a copy of the Lichfield 
translation of the ‘Systema Vegetabilium,’ with a preliminary explan- 
ation of botanical terms, I was induced first to study these and then 
other introductions to the Science, till Botany became an object of my 
ardent pursuit, and was followed (as in Mr. Kirby’s case) by Ento- 
mology, when the plants in the neighbourhood of my residence were 
exhausted.” 


* Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Entomological Society of 
Loudon, January 22, 1849, by William Spence, F.R.S., President. 


93 


Tt was not till the year 1805 that Mr. Spence turned his attention 
to the subject of Entomology, and the order then to which he then 
devoted himself was the Coleoptera. His first letter to Mr. Kirby, 
written within six months of his entering upon this new field of study, 
shows a vast amount of observation and of critical acumen. In those 
days the literature of Entomology was less voluminous than it now 
is; and the few standard authors on a group were more thoroughly 
studied. Mr. Kirby, whose curiosity in regard to Mr. Spence had 
already been excited by the sight of some letters which the latter 
gentleman had written to a mutual friend, Mr. Marsham, was well 
pleased to enter on a correspondence with so promising an incipient, 
“who, so far from falling into the errors usual with beginners, determined 
his species with the judgment and precision of the most experienced 
naturalist.” 

In June of the following year Mr. Spence visited Mr Kirby at the 
Rectory at Barham, and from that time they corresponded continually, 
and the mutual friendships formed lasted through life. In 1808 the 
idea of the popular ‘ Introduction to Entomology’ was first broached 
by Mr. Spence, and being warmly taken up by his older friend was 
successfully carried out, though so many books had to be read through 
with the view of collating curious observations, that a longer time was 
consumed in the preparation of the work than could have been anti- 
cipated in the first instance, and it was not till the spring of 1815 
that the first volume appeared. 

A work that is to live for many years needs a slower process of 
birth than ephemeral productions. 

In 1818 Mr. Spence was subject to severe head-aches, which caused 
an interruption to his entomological pursuits: he was ordered to lock 
up his books and cabinets, and to be “ for several years an idle man,” 
and he quitted Yorkshire with his family for the more genial climate 
of Exmouth, where he remained several years; but his health being 
still far from reestablished he removed to the Continent in 1826, 
visiting in succession most of the European capitals, and residing four 
years in Italy. 

In 1833 Mr. Spence took considerable interest in the formation of 
this Society, and at the first Meeting of the Society, in November of 
that year, he was elected an Honorary English Member, and the bye- 
laws expressly stipulated that no resident in Great Britain could be 
an Honorary Member, except Mr. Kirby and Mr. Spence. Since 
Mr. Kirby’s death, in 1850, Mr. Spence has been our sole Honorary 
English Member. 


94 


Mr. Spence contributed several notices to the early Meetings of this 
Society, and in April, 1834 read some “ Observations upon a mode 
practised in Italy of excluding the House Fly from Apartments,” 
which was published as the first paper in the first volume of our 
‘ Transactions.’ 

In the year 1847 Mr. Spence was elected President of this Society, 
and it was very much owing to his exertions during the period that 
he occupied the chair that we recovered from the extreme depression, 
both in numbers and in funds, under which we were suffering at that 
time. He continued very regularly to attend our Meetings till about 
six years ago, when an increasing deafness prevented him from 
deriving amusement from our discussions, but his interest in Ento- 
mology suffered no abatement, and any one who wanted his counsel 
on any point connected with the Science was sure that it would be 
heartily rendered. He had always a kind word of encouragement, 
and was ready even to go considerably out of his way to render a 
service to his friends. 

So few years have elapsed since Mr. Spence was himself contributing 
notes to the obituary notice of Mr. Kirby that we are apt to overlook 
the difference in age between Kirby and Spence. Mr. Kirby was 
ordained the year before Mr. Spence was born; in short, he was 24 
years his senior. Mr. Kirby died in the fulness of years, at the age 
of 91. Mr. Spence survived his coadjutor ten years, but died at the 
age of 77. His loss will long be felt by this Society, and by Ento- 
mology in general. 


Another loss we have to deplore is that of Dr. Horsfield, who had 
the charge of the zoological treasures at the Museum of the East 
India House. 

Fifty years ago Dr. Horsfield was located in Java, and from the 
years 1809 to 1816 he was actively employed in collecting information 
with regard to the insect inhabitants of Java and the neighbouring 
islands. Dr. Horsfields’ own account of his doings at that time is 
too interesting not to merit a place here. 

“ Harly in 1815 I resumed my entomological pursuits with 
renewed energy. J had now acquired greater experience in collecting: 
a number of natives had been instructed for affording that assistance 
which in a hot climate was not only necessary, but greatly conduced 
to the enlargement of my investigations. I was amply provided with 
every convenience and facility for preserving what I had collected. 
Several draughtsmen had likewise been trained, under my super- 


95 


intendence, for botanical delineations, and the skill they acquired in 
those soon fitted them for the annulose department. I was therefore 
enabled to enter upon a history of the metamorphoses of Javanese 
Lepidoptera ;. a design which had long engaged my anxious 
sulicitude. 

“Although I did not, at this period, so fully conceive the para- 
mount necessity of an acquaintance with the metamorphoses of 
Lepidoptera, towards the establishment of a natural arrangement, 
as I have.been led to do in later periods, yet I was so strongly 
impressed with its essential importance in attempting a complete 
history of insects, that I commenced with a fixed determination 
to prosecute the enquiry with unremitted industry and zeal, to 
collect all the larvee of Lepidopterous insects which I might possibly 
obtain, and to trace them through the various periods of their 
existence. With this view I fitted up a large apartment adjoining 
my residence with breeding-cages and receptacles for chrysalides. 
At the commencement of the rainy season, the period when, in 
tropical climates, the foliage of vegetables is renewed, I daily went 
out in search of caterpillars, accompanied by the most intelligent 
of my native assistants. The caterpillars thus collected were placed 
in separate breeding-cages, and several of the assistants were in- 
structed to provide daily, at regular periods, the food the individuals 
required, and to secure the cleanliness of the cages. As soon as the 
individuals were approaching to perfection, a drawing was made of 
them. The same individual which had been submitted to the 
draughtsman was then separately confined, watched with the most 
diligent care, and, as soon as it had passed into the state of a 
chrysalis, again made the object of the pencil. A determinate 
number was carefully attached to the drawing and to the cage of 
the chrysalis. As soon as the perfect insect had appeared and 
expanded its wings, it was secured, set and numbered in accordance 
with the larva and chrysalis. During this period every possible 
solicitade was employed to prevent mistakes; the original series, 
consisting of the perfect insects and the chrysalides, obtained by 
this mode of proceeding, and numbered in accordance with the 
collection of drawings made at the same time, is now deposited 
in the Museum of the Honourable Kast India Company, and affords 
an authentic document of the accuracy of the details regarding 
the metamorphoses of Javanese Lepidoptera. 

“ During this process, the food, the date of appearance, the 
peculiarities, as far as regards the abundance or the scarcity of 


96 


the species bred, were carefully recorded, with the intention of 
forming a regular ‘Raupen- Calendar, according to the plan of 
Schwarz, as well as for the purpose of contributing to a general 
Calendar of the Fauna and Flora of the Island of Java.” 

Having continued this mode of research for two seasons, the 
labours of Dr. Horsfield were unexpectedly terminated by the 
transfer of Java to another European power, and Dr. Horsfield 
returned to England with this valuable collection of Javanese 
insects. : 

In this country he was soon engaged in preparing for publication 
the results of his studies amongst the Lepidoptera of Java, and 
in 1828 there appeared the first part of a ‘ Descriptive Catalogue 
of the Lepidopterous Insects contained in the Museum of the 
Honourable East India Company.’ Of this work, which was 
originally intended to be completed in six parts, only one other 
part appeared, and that was published in 1829. Dr. Horsfield 
subsequently remarked that “It had been undertaken on a plan 
which could not ensure public support, and was discontinued after 
the publication of the two first numbers.” 

In 1857 Dr. Horsfield brought out, with the assistance of Mr. 
Frederic Moore, a ‘Catalogue of the Papiliones and Sphinges in 
the East India Company’s Museum,’ forming the first volume of 
a Catalogue of the Lepidoptera contained in that rich collection. 
Dr. Horsfield was then upwards of eighty years of age, and the 
second volume, treating of the Bombyces, was not destined to 
appear under his own auspices; but we trust that volume is in 
a forward state, and will not be long delayed. 

Dr. Horsfield was one of the original Members of this Society, 
and one of our first Vice-Presidents, but I am not aware that he 
frequently attended our Meetings, though I find that, in 1834, he 
took part in a discussion as to the most effectual mode of destroying 
ants in houses,—a subject which you will remember was but very 
recently again brought before us. 


The third Member who has been removed from us by death is 
Mr. John Garland, of Dorchester. 

Mr. Garland had for some years devoted much of his spare time 
to the pursuit of Entomology, and when I was preparing the 
‘Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,” he supplhed me with 
information as to the Butterflies, Sphinges and Bombyces occurring 
in the neighbourhood of Dorchester. He came up to London for 


97 


medical advice two years ago, and was on several occasions present 
at our Meetings. 


Having now brought to a close the most solemn part of my 
address, let us turn our attention for a few moments to the losses 
we have sustained by the withdrawal of Members, and to our conse- 
quently relative position compared with this time last year. 

I have already mentioned that we have now two Members more 
and one ‘Subscriber less than at our last Anniversary; but our 
excellent Secretary, Mr. Shepherd, who has so kindly supplied me 
with the materials wherewith to construct a report of our state of 
being, has called my attention to the fact, that our list of losses has 
been swollen by two or three old defaulters and absentees, whose 
names have now been erased from our lists, and one gentleman, in 
reply to a recent reminder of his arrears, politely informed us that he 
ceased to belong to the Society when we resolved to part with the 
Exotic Collections, but as he had not then the courtesy to inform us 
of this fact we have only expunged his name during the past year. 
Looking at our gains and losses in a commercial point of view, we 
may say that we have exchanged thirteen guineas of bad and 
doubtful subscription for fifteen guineas which are thoroughly good, 
aud I am thankful to say that I can congratulate the Society on the 
list of good men and true who have joined our ranks during the past 
year. It is also interesting to bear in mind the large proportion of 
new Members that we have elected; it has frequently happened that 
we have elected two Subscribers for one Member in former years, 
but now this state of things has been reversed, and we have elected 
during 1859 two Members for each Subscriber. Members we find, 
in point of fact, to be more permanent than Subscribers; a Member 
will generally have determined to be an entomologist; a Subscriber 
will frequently be doubtful in his own mind whether he shall devote 
himself to the pursuit of our Science or not. It may be that we thus 
obtain as Subscribers some who would never have become Members ; 
but, on the other hand, many who are now Subscribers would cer- 
tainly have joined us as Members had the inferior class not 
been open to them. I trust our Subscribers will bear in mind that 
they can at once be proposed as Members, if they wish it, and 
thereby become eligible to the offices of the Society, and the orly 
extra drain upon their purses will be the admission-fee of two 
guineas. 

This leads me to the consideration of our financial state. You 

PE 


98 


are aware that at this time last year, owing to the sale of our Exotic 
Collections, we had in hand a heavy balance of cash. This balance 
we bave contrived to reduce; £100 has been invested in the Funds, 
and £70 has been expended in making additions to our Library. 

Our income during the past year amounts to £181 Ils. 7d.; our 
expenditure (exclusive of our investments already mentioned) to 
£204 4s. 2d., leaving, at first sight, a balance on the wrong side of 
the account of about £22 12s. 7d. But you are aware that the 
Council came to a resolution this time last year to furnish the 
‘Transactions’ gratis to all the Members and Subscribers, whether 
residing in the country or in the metropolis, though by so doing it 
was calculated that we should suffer av immediate loss of about £15 a 
year; at the same time it was determined to raise the price of the ‘Trans- 
actions’ to the public, so that the four quarterly parts should cost 
very nearly as much as our annual subscription; now, having some 
conscience, we felt that we could not double the price of our 
quarterly parts unless we increased their size, and thus we have been 
led to incur a larger expense for the ‘ Transactions’ than usual, and 
these circumstances combined will more than account for increase of 
expenditure over income. 

And further I may mention that one of our Members has, since 
I entered this room this evenivg, handed to our Treasurer a cheque 
in payment of the amount of the colouring of his plates of the 
Erycinide, which will almost swamp this deficiency, so that I may 
congratulate you on the fact that, in spite of our giving away our 
‘Transactions,’ and in spite of our increased printer’s bill, both sides 
of our account balance; and our very excellent Treasurer has at this 
moment, even after meeting every liability we have incurred, a 
balance of £39 3s. 2d. in hand, and a certain amount of arrears of 
subscription (say £10 10s.) is confidently to be reckoned upon as 
good. We therefore commence the new year with most cheering 
prospects; accounts balancing, cash in hand, library increased, 
property in the Funds, Members increasing — everything seems 
couleur de rose, except this small apartment, wherein we are 


** Cabin’d, cribbed, confined.” 


During the past year there have appeared four parts of our 
‘ Transactions,’ containing papers by Mr. Bates, Mr. Pascoe, 
Mr. Moore, Mr. Waterhouse, Mr. Saunders, Mr. Smith, Mr. Baly, 
Mr. Westwood and Mr. Walker. 

Mr. Bates has contributed some useful notes on the habits of 


99 


South-American butterflies. Mr. Bates’ long residence on the banks 
of the Amazons has afforded him unusual opportunities of studying, 
year after year, the habits of the same species, and such contributions 
to entomological literature possess a value for all time. 

Mr. Pascoe has contributed another paper “On New Genera and 
Species of Longicorn Coleoptera,’ embracing many of the novel 
forms discovered by Mr. Wallace in the Aru Islands. 

Mr. Moore has furnished us with a Monograph of the Genus 
Adolias, in which fifty-two species are described: this memoir is 
illustrated with seven plates, in which thirty out of the fifty-two 
are figured. 

Mr. Waterhouse has contributed four papers on the Coleoptera of 
this country ; the first on the species of Elaleride in the Stephensian 
Cabinet, the second being a revision of the British species of the genus 
Corlicaria, in which all the species are very carefully described, and 
their distinctive characters pointed out,—such monographs of genera 
are highly useful; the other two papers treat on Helerocerus and 
Lathridius. 

Mr. Saunders has contributed some descriptions of new species oi 
the, genus Hrycina, which forms a Supplement to a paper by the 
same author on the subject ten years ago, which appeared in the fifth 
volume of our first series of ‘Transactions. The present paper is 
illustrated by two plates. 

Mr. Smith has enriched our pages with “ A Contribution to the 
History of Stylops,” enumerating the species which are subject to the 
attacks of these parasites, and the various parts of the globe in which 
Siylopized insects have been met with. 

Mr. Westwood has furnished us with a description of a new genus 
of Carabide, which Mr. Bates had met with on the banks of the 
Amazon. 

Mr. Walker’s paper is only commenced in the last part of our 
‘ Transactions ;’ it treats of undescribed Neuroptera in the rich col- 
lection of Mr. Saunders. 


I do not propose on the present occasion to allude to other 
entomological papers which have appeared elsewhere during the past 
year. I undertook at such short notice to prepare an address for this 
evening that time has not permitted me to obtain as accurate a list of 
the entomological works published in i859 as I could have wished, - 
and rather than render an imperfect account 1 would prefer to render 
none at all. Suffice it to say that the British Museum has not been 


100 


idle, and that several Museum ‘ Catalogues’ on various branches of 
Entomology have appeared, and papers on Physiological Entomology 
have been read by Mr. Lubbock before the Linnean and Royal 
Societies. 

The Entomological Societies on the Continent all appear to be 
flourishing. Belgium and Holland have now each their Entomological 
Society, and the old rivalry between Austria and Prussia is continued 
in the scientific emulation of the Entomological Societies of their 
respective capitals. Yet though Berlin seems to flourish, Stettin is 
not extinct, and the ‘ Zeitung’ and ‘ Linnea’ still continue to make 
their appearance. 

One of the beneficial results of the improving prospects of the 
Central Italian State will, I would fain hope, be a more thorough 
investigation of the Entomology of that country. Entomologists are 
still almost unknown south of the Alps and Pyrenees, yet much no 
doubt of exceeding interest, much to aid us in our attempts at 
classification, will yet be found even in Europe, when the less known 
parts are more thoroughly explored. 

The subject of Entomology, when we endeavour to reflect on the 
various forms which occur in the whole globe, even in individual groups 
of comparatively small extent, is so vast that when from this attempt 
to grasp comprehensively a single group we turn to the entire order, 
and then to the whole insect race, we may well feel overwhelmed at 
the magnitude of the subject, and at the colossal proportions our - 
Science must sooner or later assume. But we attack the giant piece- 
meal, and the strongest must succumb to the assaults of ever-increasing 
numbers. 


101 


Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee, adopted by the Council 
as their Report to the Anniversary Meeting, 1860. 


During the past year a further portion of the sum realized by the sale of the 
exotic insects has been invested in the purchase of standard entomological works 
for our Library, which, together with our Collections, remain in good preservation, 
with the exception of some injury which, we regret to state, has been inflicted on 
one of our copies of Curtis’ ‘ British Entomology’ and two or three other works, 
by the extraction of the title-pages (since restored), and in attempts made to 
efface from them the Society’s stamp, by the person who was last year employed 
in drawing up a Catalogue of the Library, and who, we are grieved to say, 
abstracted these and other books from our rooms. The injuries above mentioned 
were committed for the purpose of rendering these books marketable; we have, 
however, the satisfaction of adding that they have been recovered without any 
expense being entailed on the Society. 


We would direct attention to the present unsatisfactory state of our Collections 
of British Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and other orders, and to the desirability 
of having them thoroughly re-arranged in conformity with the nomenclature now 
in use. About six years back several of our Members undertook the reformation 
and arrangement of the Collection of British Lepidoptera; specimens were solicited 
and freely presented; the old and worthless examples of the ancient collection 
were rejected, and an excellent working collection was got together and arranged 
in the course of a few months; and it appears to us that a similar reform might 
as readily be achieved in respect to the other orders if a few of our Members 
would earnestly and unitedly take the matter in hand. 


J. E. GRAY. 

W. WILSON SAUNDERS. 
FRANCIS P. PASCOE. 

F. SMITH. 

E. SHEPHERD. 


102 


Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for 1859. 


RECEIPTS. 


By Balance on hand, January Ist, 1859 ssesssecceessecteceerserseeteereees 266 13 


”? 


Atrears Of Subscriptions 2.00. eccccsccccocsceecseescccsscceccsssscccssese Ie 
Subscriptions for 1859 ...sscssecssssesecsecsscsssssccsceeees sossecsesseees LOL 
IAA MISSION FCES vies asses aivclerse cioseevalssclcoe'sesiss dee aleve sacieseiesseelsidchicdaces a pLO 
Composition ittO ...secsecccecsccccsseccecccseecescssseasessesccsecs 
Tea Sibeennions. cen avelnsenecscelencniscosensisoresvises Inessscescenecccunsce) | f) 
Sale of ‘Transactions’ at the Rooms. swasetsarecevcmmeed S1NamO 

- 2 at Leritincis?; genieeweaeisesaesiencinsepueca a ttle 


PAYMENTS. 


To paid arrears for 1858:—Rent to Christmas............ 20 0 0 


Mr. Newman, Printing......... its. 6 
Mr. Dunn, for Oil ae4.ae-se0eeer 12S 0,10 


entetomVEIGSUMIMNET, .a.[<cqccccccsecocsscccccscccrceecisescstecdcocseccesaccnetme oO 
PaSUTATICE LO. Lad Y-CAYViouc~veevsenis 0 ccveess, ve veascccaseseataestcereemeesed 
Warator forattienGance: LudciAseccstdosccdeoceveecesecaseeoscceececeseedscss |G 
95 Sundry small payments ........ssecee sosssccccsccsocsecsscseess 0 
Tea, thirteen Meetings.. meneases 
Attendance, Coals, Gleminy: Be. Scono opancaadqodadocctc So 
Bostape,, barcels, StAtiOHETY, CCCs enesscanieacccassasatedssesavessccenses a Ua 
Sundries......4 seeenedutulievsatages covesbodeecess conse 
Christmas boxes Sets 
Printing © Transactions * cvedsscvocusscsvesccsiedecdocvecdaedededececteisceeds OF 
a CPEOCEEAINGSiteccncnteecsesssecceneneaecsss Scsouee 
moran gu latesiencasesesw esos seseistovenecelsesioasecssesierasericssindecorarcees 
CONGUE D0 cataice den aioe s.csivisvesse sussos csvesancceceiensccescistsieveveseses 
Collector's COMMISSION.....ccrccccereaseccecoece 
BOOK DINGING ..cccsesciovs sonore 
Purchase Of BOOKS A aineta.c.secesceesccecssiese seccosececsceeceseerssecescs te 
Altering Shelves in Library ......sccsseceeseeeee cocsssceese = 
Bought £109 14s. 9d. 3 ® Cent. Gouin at peer the acne WOO 
Balance’in hand <.ccscsscccrecesssssaceoecaess, 08 


10 
0 
18 


Senne Oo 6 Wi 


WCC AHAMOAOPFrOTAaAw~oonedce & 


£448 14 5 


103 


Liabilities and Assets of the Society. 


Liabilities. Assets. 
' Yet RN ESOS 
Rent to Christmas ............ 20 0 0 Arrears of Subscriptions, 
Mr. Yates for Plates ......... 013 9 OOM scacsscersecieapnontagn TO LOM aO 
» Dunn for Oil 4 0 6 Ditto, doubtful £14 14 0 
» Wilkinson for Printing 6 9 O Add Balance in hand...... 108 18 2 
Messrs. Williams & Norgate —— 
fOr IDOOKS.. sssacecscsecesess OO OO 1193. 2 
»  Dulau & Co. ditto... 3 6 6 Less amounts due at 


Christmas s.ce.sccnees, OD) DO 
— True Balance in favour 
£69 15 O of the DOCIELVcecscs ssenr £49 13 2 


—-—— 


104 


February 6, 1860. 
J.W. Dovuatas, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors:—‘ The Zoologist’ for February; presented by the Editor. ‘ Notes on the 
Silkworms of India,’ by Capt. Thomas Hutton; by the Author. ‘Synopsis of the 
known Asiatic Species of Silk-producing Moths, with Descriptions of some New 
Species from India, by Frederic Moore, Assist. Museum India House; by the 
Author. ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ 1859, Nos. 1O—12; by the Entomolo- 
gical Society of Stettin. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for January; by the 
Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for January; by the Editor. ‘Farm Insects,’ 
Part 8; by the Author, John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ‘Nouveau Guide de PAmateur 
d’Insectes, par plusieurs Membres de la Societé Entomologique de France’; by H.'T. 
Stainton, Esq. ‘An Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Entomo- 
logical Society of London, on Monday, January 23, 1860’; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. 
‘Notice of the Presentation of the Hope Collections to the University of Oxford’; by 
J.O. Westwood, Esq., M.A., &c. 


Election of a Subscriber. 


Arthur E. Crafter, Esq., of Tokenhouse Yard, was balloted for and elected a 
Subscriber to the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited two fine Orthoptera, a Phasma from New South 
Wales, and a Gryllus from Peru, both insects being entirely covered with diverging 
spines. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited specimens of a species of Coccyx allied to C. strobilana, 
Linn., but much larger; he had recently bred them from cones of Conus Benthammiana, 
received from California. 

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of a species of Bembidium, which he stated 
he had had in his collection for many years separated as a distinct species, but hitherto 
had been unable to identify with any description. The insect in question greatly 
resembles the Leja lampros of our collections, but differs in being shorter and 
broader, and in having the antenne entirely black; the legs, moreover, are entirely 
black, or with a mere indistinct trace of rufo-piceous in the tibie; the head is broader 
than that of L. lampros, the frontal ridge relatively much broader, and the lateral sulci 
less strong; the thorax is broader and relatively shorter, less contracted behind, the 
sides more strongly rounded, and here the rounded outline is continued almost to the 
posterior angle. In B. lampros the side is distinctly sinuated at a greater distance 
above the angle, and the angle thus becomes prominent and somewhat acute, whereas 
in the insect exhibited the angle is a right angle; the transverse depression on the 
back of the thorax is less strongly marked, and the lateral fovee are smaller; the 
elytra are shorter, more ovate, and more convex; the strie scarcely differ, excepting 
that the punctures are a little less strong. 


105 


Mr. Waterhouse has no note of the locality of the original specimens of his 
collection: he had recently seen the insect in a box of Coleoptera sent by Mr. J. 
C. Dale to be named, and he had procured two other specimens from a collection 
which formerly belonged to Mr. Walker, of Mansfield. 

Upon a former occasion, in attempting to identify this insect with descriptions, 
he had considered the account given by Gyllenhal of the colour of the legs in 
his B. nigricornis was such as to preclude the identification of the present insect with 
Gyllenhal’s; but considering that in other respects the description in the ‘ Insecta 
Suecica’ agrees with the insect exhibited, he was now inclined to apply the name 
“ nigricornis ” to the species, and to suppose that the discrepancy was more apparent 
than real as regards the colour of the legs. 


Mr. Janson exhibited five species of Coleoptera not hitherto recorded as inhabit- 
ants of Britain, and made the following remarks concerning them :— 


Quedius truncicola, Fairmaire, Faune Ent. Frang. i. 538, 14 (1856). Nearly 
allied to Q. fulgidus, F., and bearing a very close resemblance to Erichson’s var. 3 
(niger, pedibus piceis, abdomine rufo-brunneo basi nigricante”), but from which it 
may be distinguished by its punctured scutellum. I captured the two specimens 
exhibited, the only individuals I have yet seen, under bark of elm; one near Totten- 
ham, on the 29th October, 1848, the other near Hampstead about a fortnight since. 
In the first of these the punctures on the scutellum are so few and ill defined as to be 
scarcely perceptible. 

Haploglossa rufipennis, Kraatz, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 81, 3 (1856). 
Distinguished from its near ally, H. pulla, Gyll. Eric. Kraatz, by its more parallel 
form, closer and much finer punctuation, and the colour of the elytra, which are red, 
with a dark patch in the region of the scutellum, and at the outer posterior angles. 
Found by Mr. Wollaston in sand-pits on Reigate Common, on the 26th June, 1857, 
and by myself in brushing in the same place on the 6th July, 1859. 

Cryphalus Fagi, Fab. A single individual taken by myself, at Hampstead, on the 
31st July, 1859, amongst the refuse of a stack of faggots. The narrow subcylindrical 
form, long elytra, prominent tubercles or processes on the anterior portion of the tho- 
rax, and red legs and antenna, distinguish this species. Mr. Gorham informs me 
that he has recently found some numbers of a Cryphalus in bark of beech, at Wester- 
ham, Kent, and which will probably prove to be specifically identical with the 
example now before the meeting. 4 

Cryphalus Abietis, Ratzeb. Two specimens given me by the Rev. A. H. 
Matthews, by whom they were taken from bark of firs, in the vicinity of his residence 
at Gumley, Leicestershire. Distinguished by the tubercles on the anterior portion of 
the thorax being few in number and irregular in their distribution (not in concentric 
rows), the regular strize of punctures and the short pubescence of the elytra. The 
legs and antenne are red; the club of the latter pitchy black. 

Anthicus bimaculatus, Nliger, Schmidt, de Laferté, var. 8B. A single example, given 
me by Mr. Joseph Chappell, of Pendleton, near Manchester, by whom it was sent up 
to me, together with a number of other Coleoptera for determination, and who in- 
forms me that it was taken during the past summer on the Lancashire coast. Readily 
distinguished from all the species of the genus yet ascertained as indigenous to 


Q 


106 


Britain, by its large size, pallid hue and obovate convex elytra. The normal form, 
that first described by Illiger, has a triangular black dorsal spot on-each elytron a 
little behind the middle, but of this in the specimen exhibited there exists scarcely any 
indication. M. de Laferté, Monogr. des Anthicites, 149 (1848), remarks “ that the 
individuals from the shores of the ocean are generally paler than those from the 
eastern countries of Europe, and that those from the coasts of France and Belgium 
are entirely destitute of the discoidal spot.” 


Mr. Janson also exhibited the following rare species :— 


Philonthus fuscus, Grav. Taken by himself in a boletus on an ash, near Hornsey, 
Middlesex, on the 19th ultimo. 

Oxylaemus cylindricus, Panz., Eric.. Found by Turner about ten days since, in 
bark of oak in the New Forest, near Brockenhurst. 

Tomicus monographus, F. The male, apparently very rare, conspicuous by having 
the anterior margin of the thorax triawgularly produced with the apex recurved 5 
found by Turner at the same time and under the same circumstances as the foregoing. 
Erichson (Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutsch]. iii. 284, 1845), adds to his description of 
Oxylaemus cylindricus: ‘‘ In oaks, rare. Found by Professor Ratzeburg and myself 
in the burrows of Bostrichus monographus.” It is therefore interesting to find the 
two species associated in this country. 

Platydema violaceum, F. Likewise taken by Turner, under bark of oaks, at the 
same time and in the same locality as the two preceding. 


The President remarked that he had hiuwself taken Philonthus fuscus, under 
bark of trees infested by the larve of Cossus ligniperda, and Mr. Shepherd stated that 
he also had met with this species in similar situations. 


Mr. Sealy exhibited a beautiful series of varieties of Colias Edusa, including the 
white female variety (Helice, Hub.), and examples forming links from it to the typical 
insect: also a specimen of Sphinx Pinastri, said to have been captured by a young 
entomologist whilst flying about a fir-tree at Romsey, Hants. 

The President remarked that, with the exception of the specimens said to have 
been received by the late Dr. Leach many years ago from the neighbourhood of 
Edinburgh, there was no record of the capture of this species in Britain, although so 
abundant in many parts of Europe; he inquired of Mr. Sealy whether there was any 
likelihood of the specimen exhibited being a foreign example which had been 
inadvertently placed amongst insects from the locality mentioned. 

Mr. Sealy replied that the reputed captor had some time previously visited 
Switzerland, and there taken a few insects, but he was assured that the S. Pinastri 
was not one of the Swiss captures; moreover, he (Mr. Sealy) believed that country 
was not a locality for S. Pinastri. 

Mr. Stainton observed that Mr. Sealy was mistaken, as the insect is well known 
in Switzerland ; it was, however, only fair to state that from his knowledge of 
the habits of S. Pinastri on the Continent, he considered the neighbourhood of Rom- 
sey a very likely spot for the occurrence of this species. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited specimens of four species of Lomaptera sent from Batchian 
by Mr. A. R. Wallace. 


107 
Mr. Stevens also communicated the following by Mr. A. R. Wallace :— 


Note on the Sexual Differences in the Genus Lomaptera. 


“ Lacordaire says in his ‘Genera’ that the Lomapterz offer no sexual distinctions, 
except slight variations in the legs; and in the generic character he adds ‘ the fore 
legs are three-toothed in both sexes or in the females only.’ In four species of the 
genus which I have recently taken in the Gilolo group of islands, I have, however, 
observed very strongly marked sexual differences, and I have had the good fortune to 


confirm them by capturing pairs of two species in copuld. These differences are as 
follows :— 


“Ist. The males have always a distinct longitudinal furrow or depression on the 
under side of the abdomen, which in the females is quite smooth or rounded. 

“2nd. The males have one tooth less than the females on the outside of the ante- 
rior tibia. In the two larger species the males have two and the females three teeth ; 
in the two smaller species the males have but one (terminal) tooth, the females two 
teeth. 

“3rd. The pygidium in the males is simple, with the extremity somewhat obtuse. 
In the females it terminates in a sharp reflexed edge, and in the two smaller species is 
swollen and compressed above and very concave beneath, while in the males it 
is a simple ovate cone equally rounded above and below. 

“Tt is probable that these characters exist in all the species of the genus, and may 
enable persons possessing series of Lomaptere to pair their specimens. I may here 
remark that the species of this genus are very closely allied, and at the same time very 
limited in their range. In Ternate and Gilolo, and in Kaida and Batchian,—islands 
only ten or fifteen miles apart,—are found distinct but closely allied species, differing 
so slightly (although constantly) that they would be infallibly considered as very 
trifling varieties, if single specimens of each only were examined. Differences 
of colour exist in specimens from the same locality ; while minute differences of form 
and sculpture mark these representative species of adjoining islands.” 


Mr. Gloyne read descriptions of some new species of Lema. 
Mr. Stainton read ‘ Descriptions of South-African Tineina collected by R. Trimen, 
Esq., in 1858—59.’ 


Mr, Tegetmeier announced the death, on the 3lst ult., of Dr. Edward Bevan, of 
Hereford, one of the original Members of this Society, and author of that well-known 
work, ‘ The Honey Bee,’ at the advanced age of 80 years. 


108 


March 5, 1860. 
J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors :—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xx. 
Part 2; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,’ No. 99 ; 
by the Society. ‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. iv. No. 16; 
by the Society. ‘The Zoologist, for March; by the Editor. ‘Saggio di Ditterlogia 
Messicana, di Luigi Bellardi, Professore di Storia Naturale, Part 1; by the Author. 
‘ Memoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve, Tome xv. 
lre Partie; by the Society. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February; by 
the Society. ‘ The Literary Gazette’ for February; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ 
for February ; by the Editor. ‘ The Entomologists’ Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 171— 
179, inclusive; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘Stettiner Entomologische 
Zeitnug, 1860, Nos. 1—3; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. 


Election of Members. 


Dr. Schaum and Mons. Leon Dufour were elected Honorary Members, and Mons. 
J. Bigot, Vice-President of the Entomological Society of France, of Rue de Luxem- 
bourg, Paris, an ordinary Member of the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a large box of Coleoptera sent from Batchian by 
Mr. A. R. Wallace; it contained a vast number of new species, some beautiful 
Buprestide, &c. 

Mr. Janson exhibited a box of Coleoptera he had just received from Mr. C. 
Turner, collected by him during the last few weeks at Rannoch, Perthshire, 
and remarked that no less than four of the species were not comprised in Mr. Mur- 
ray’s ‘Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland, viz., Xyloterus domesticus, Linn., 
Tomicus acuminatus, Gy/l., Cis Alni, Gyll., and Bradycellus placidus, Gyld. 

Mr. Dunning exhibited a singular pale Noctua, which had been pronounced by 
Mr. H. Doubleday to be a variety of Mamestra anceps. 


Mr. Dunning also read a letter addressed to him by C. Maurice, Esq., respecting 
the specimen of Sphinx Pinastri exhibited by Mr. Sealy at the last Meeting of the 
Society, in which the writer asserted positively that the insect in question was caught 
by him at Romsey, as then stated by Mr. Sealy. 

The Secretary also read a letter addressed to Mr. Sealy by S. H. Maurice, Esq., 
brother of the before-named gentleman, who had, as mentioned at the February Meeting, 
taken some moths in Switzerland during the past summer: in this letter the writer 
States that be feels certain the moth in question was not one of his Swiss captures, but 
was caught by his brother at Romsey, after his return from Switzerland. 


109 


Mr. Westwood made some observations on the usefulness of labelling insects at the 
time of capture, by which such instances of disputed identity as the present were 
avoided; he objected to the plan of employing a number referring to a note-book as 
commonly in use, as, in the event of dispersion of a collection on the death of 
the owner, such numbers became useless to all but the possessor of the note-book, and 
indeed instances had come under his notice in which the said book had been lost. He 
had always employed in his collection tickets bearing an abbreviation of the locality, 
as Ch. W. for Coombe Wood. 

The President feared that Mr. Westwood’s plan of abbreviations would be rather 
perplexing to any one but himself, unless accompanied by an index, which would be 
open to the same objections as the note-books which he had just condemned. 

Some conversation ensued on the claims of Sphinx Pinastri to be considered 
a British species; during which Mr. F. Walker reminded the Meeting that Mr. 
Thomas Marshall, well known to many Members present as one of our most accurate 
observers, had himself seen this insect alive in Cumberland, and had recorded the fact 
in the ‘ Entomologist’ some years ago. 


Dr. Wallace exhibited two examples of Acosmetia caliginosa, taken by Mr. Grim- 
stead in a wood near Ryde, Isle of Wight: he observed that the species had hitherto 
only been captured in this country in the New Forest. 


The Secretary read the following paper by Mr. G. Wailes, of Newcastle :— 


The Hybernation of Vespa vulgaris. 


“Tt is very evident that we have a great deal yet to learn about the social wasps, 
and therefore the following remarks as to Vespa vulgaris may be interesting. Ever 
since 1829 I have, at intervals, searched the summit of Skiddaw (3022 feet) for speci- 
mens of Leistus montanus, and on every occasion have taken out from underneath the 
loose fragments of the slate perfectly torpid females of this wasp, with the wings, legs, 
antenne, &c., precisely in the state in which we find them during winter in the lower 
lands. Not unfrequently I have met with dead specimens which seemed to have 
perished in the same dormant state, and been there for a year or two at least. 
Mr. Swith, in his ‘ Catalogne of the British Vespide, under this species, states that 
‘Mr. Wollaston found the female abundant under stones on the extreme summit of 
Gribon Oernant, near Llangollen, in September, 1854,’ adding ‘ probably hybernating 
for the winter, but had evidently forgotten my writing him on the same subject. My 
visits to the mountain have extended from the latter end of June to the latter end of 
August, and therefore it necessarily follows either that these specimens of the female 
wasp were those of the previous year, or that this sex appears much earlier in the sea- 
son than has been hitherto supposed. But in either case, the question arises why are 
they torpid during these the hottest months of the year? It is quite true that the 
temperature at the altitude is below that of the plains, especially during the night, and 
I have myself been enveloped in falling sleet and snow more than once, both in June 
and August, though as a rule the Cumberland mountains seldom have a thick covering 
of snow, and often only a few inches once or twice ina winter. Still, the temperature of 
ordinary mountains always approaches that of the plains in summer, and one would 
have expected was in Britain at least sufficiently high to rouse these wasps in their 


110 


winter quarters, when every other insect under the same stones was active and 
stirring, and the air so warm and bright that Larentia salicata and Crambus furca- 
tillus were sporting in the mid-day sun above them. Such, however, was not the case, 
and when turned out of their snug, dry quarters, they allowed themselves to be 
handled and put into pill-boxes just as they do in winter. We may therefore ask, 
when are these sleepers to awake ? for as the ground temperature reaches its maximum 
during the months in which I have met with them, and Mr. Wollaston has found 
them in a similar state in September, when a declining temperature has set in, 
we must conclude that for that year all prospect of their subsequent issue from their 
retreats through the influence of heat is barred. Can this be called hybernation 
as it is usually understood? Or is there some other cause of torpidity besides 
mere cold? Or are we to conclude that when once put to sleep in these lofty 
regions they wake no more unless kindly removed into a milder clime by a stray 
entomologist, when, as I have always noticed, they become as active as those of 
the warm lowlands? 

“JT have searched in vain for the record of similar facts in other parts of 
Europe, where, doubtless, the same circumstances occur, and therefore I send 
this note to the Society with the hope of calling the attention of others to the 
subject.” 


Mr. Westwood considered that these female wasps had been the founders of 
colonies in the preceding spring, and after performing their maternal duties, had 
retired to die in the situations in which they were found by Mr. Wailes. 


Mr. H. W. Bates communicated the following :— 


Diagnoses of three New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Genus 
Agrias, and of one belonging to Siderone. 


“Wishing to dedicate one of the grandest new species of Agrias (a genus which 
he has done so much to illustrate) to Mr. W. C. Hewitson, I send the diagnosis for 
insertion in the ‘ Report of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society ’ for March, 
preparatory to the figures which Mr. Hewitson will publish in the Apvril part of his 
‘Exotic Butterflies. I add the diagnoses of two other new species which will be 
figured on the same plate, as well as of a species of Siderone, intended to be figured at 
some subsequent early date. All four species were taken by myself on the Upper 
Amazons, and belong to the most beautiful productions of that wonderful country. 
The discovery of the female of one of the species makes the present communication of 
some importance in a scientific point of view; as the non-appearance of females with 
the usual Nymphalideous structure of the fore legs in that sex, in the genera Agrias 
and Megistanis, seems to have excited doubts as to the constancy of that sexual cha- 
racter throughout the whole family, especially as two forms of males have occurred in 
some species having the usual superficial appearance of the two sexes (e. g. in Megis- 
tanis Beotus). But the discovery of the females in the allied genus Agrias shows 
that the sexual character in the fore legs is precisely of the same nature here as in the 
rest of the family Nymphalide. The four species now characterized will be included 
in the ‘Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley, Part Diurnal Lepidoptera, now 
preparing for publication. 


sD 


“ Acrias HEwitsontvs. 


“ $. Size of A. Phalcidon (Hewits. Ex. B.) Above. Black. Fore wing having 
at the base a large orange-coloured spot, rounded on its outer edge ; followed bya ~ 
broad belt of dark blue, extending from the costa to very near the hind margin; 
edged externally by a belt of six pale greenish lunules. Near the apex is a short belt 
of three dusky white lunules. Hind wings with a large subtriangular spot on the disk, 
occupying about half the surface, of the same blue colour as the fore wing. 

: “ Beneath. Fore wing has an orange-coloured spot similar to the one on the upper 
side; the apex is of a pale greenish gray; the intermediate part of a dull black. 
Hind wing: the base to nearly the middle orange, the outer edge of the patch deeply 
sipuated in the middle. Rest of the wing pale greenish gray ; a submarginal line, a 
central strongly curved macular belt, interrupted at the first median nervule; two 
short ones across the disk, and two spots in the middle of the cell, black. Between 
the central and submarginal belts is a row of seven large, equal, black ocelli, having 
white pupils (double in the anal one) and shining blue irides. Body above rufous- 
brown. Antenne black. The female is considerably larger and less brilliant in 
colour, having also less blue colour on the disk of the hind wing. 


““T took four specimens of this distinct species, at Ega, one male and three 
females. It is a very bold and rapid flyer, similar to the Prepone and the Apature of 
the old world. It is attracted, as well as one of the following species, by the sugary 
sap exuding from certain trees in the forest, where I have seen it feeding amongst a 
group of Incas and Cetoniade. 


“ AGRIAS PERICLEs. 


“ @. Very similar in size and outline to A. Phalcidon. The hind wing, both 
above and beneath, offers not the slightest difference; the fore wing differs as 
follows: — Above. Fore wing black: the basal portion, to about two-thirds the 
length, occupied by a large spot of a beautiful scarlet colour inclining to orange. 
This is followed by an oblique belt of five elongated spots of a metallic-green colour, 
edged on the inner sides with brilliant dark blue. Towards the apex is a narrow belt 
composed of four small cream-coloured spots. 


“J took one individual only of this species, in company with A. Phalcidon, 
at Villa Nova, in 1854. The specimen has travelled with me from place to place on 
the Upper Amazons for five years. I have considered it hitherto only an extraordinary 
variety of A. Phalcidon, but on further experience of the singular way in which spe- 
cies of this genus and of Catagramma differ from each other, I now prefer to consider 
it distinct. A. Phalcidon was not uncommon at Villa Nova, although I saw not a 
trace of it at any other locality. It flies high, and I never saw it descend towards the 
ground. It settled on leaves of trees about fifteen to twenty feet from the ground, in 
the broad alleys of the glorious forest at that locality, and could only be captured by 
attaching a long pole to the bag-net. 


“ Aarias SARDANAPALUS. 


“gd, In size and shape of wings very similar to A. Claudius, of Rio Janeiro. 
The under surface.of the wings does not differ in any way from that species: above, 


112 


the colouration is very different, Fore wing black; the basal portion having a large 
triangular spot (occupying about three-fourths the surface of the wing) of a rich car- 
mine colour, glossed with cobalt-blue, in certain lights. This is followed by a belt of 
the most beautiful blue colour, leaving only the apex and a narrow outer margin 
black, the former of which has a short belt of three large indistinct pale spots. 
Hind wing has the base and the margins narrowly black; the disk entirely of the 
same rich blue as the belt across the fore wing. 


“T took two of this very richly coloured species, one at Ega and one at St. 
Paulo: one of them is in the collection of Mr. W. C. Hewitson and one in my 
own. I saw only four individuals during four years’ residence and travel on the 
Upper Amazons. 


“ SmpERONE Mars. 


“@. Considerably less in size than S. Ide. The fore wing has the apex more 
more falcate than in that species; the outer margin much more strongly rounded, 
leaving the hinder angle indistinct; the hind wing also is shorter. 

“ Above. Deep black, With two clear white spots near the apex. A large 
oblique belt of carmine crosses the wing from the costal edge to near the hind 
angle; its costal part dilated towards the extreme base of the wing. Hind wing 
black. ‘Two conspicuous rounded red spots near the middle of the costal edge. 
Anal lobe gray. 

“ Beneath. The base and apex of both wings are of a rich rufous-brown. The 
discal portion is glossy brownish gray, irrorated nearly throughout with rufous-brown. 
The hind wing has a broad belt across the middle, of a shining ash-colour, spotless. 
The apex of the fore wing has a belt of white and lilac-coloured spots. 


“T only saw one individual of this species, at St. Paulo, near the frontier of Peru. 
Like all the other species of Siderone and Paphia, it has the rapid flight of the typical 
Nymphales, and, like them, not easily scared when reposing, pertinaciously returning 
to the same spot after being driven away. Its near relative, Siderone Ide, so common 
in the West Indian Islands and Guiana, also occurs in the country, but is very 
rare.” 


The Secretary read the first part of a paper by Mr. H. W. Bates, intituled “ Con- 
tributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley.” 


| 
| 


113 


April 2, 1860. 
J. W-. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors:—‘ The Zoologist ’ for April; presented by the Editor. ‘The Proceedings 
of the Zoological Society of London,’ 1859, Part 3; by the Society. ‘Journal of the 
Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Supplement to Vol. iv. Botany; by the Society. 
‘Exotic Butterflies; Part 34; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘The Journal of the 
Society of Arts’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for March ; by 
the Editor. “@ 


Elections. 


Dr. E. Candeze, of Liege, Belgium, was elected a Member ; and George Seaton, 
Esq., of Trinity Square, Brixton, and J. C. Young, Esq., of Redwood House, 
Bromley, were elected Subscribers to the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


The President exhibited some specimens of a species of Trogoderma, which had 
bred in great numbers in rice imported from Akyab, about two years since, and now 
at Hibernia Wharf, London Bridge; he also exhibited a quantity of the damaged 
rice in which, he was informed, the larva had increased to a great extent within the 
last nine months. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited some splendid Lepidoptera sent from Batchian by Mr. 
Wallace, amongst which were beautiful examples of both sexes of Ornithoptera 
Creesus, Papilio Ormenus, P. Deiphobus, P. Codrus, and a fine new species allied to 
P. Peranthus ; also a small Hestia, very distinct from any described species. 

Mr. Lewis exhibited a damaged example of Telephorus atra, Zinn., a species not 
hitherto recorded as a native of Britain ; the specimen exhibited had been taken in 
Scotland by Mr. John Scott, and determined by Mr. F. Smith and himself, by com- 
parison with continental examples in the British Museum collection. 

Mr. Janson exhibited some Coleoptera taken at Rannoch by Mr. C. Turner. 

Mr. Westwood observed, with reference to the large species of Bruchus, 
exhibited at the last December meeting by Dr. Wallace, as infesting the interior 
of the nut of the Cogqnilla (Attalea funifera of Brazil), that there appeared 
from an investigation which he had made with a view to the determination of the 
species in question, to be considerable confusion in the nomenclature of the species 
allied to Bruchus Bactris of Linneus. That name had been given to a species which 
infests an American palm of the genus Bactris, and which had been first figured by 
Jacquin in his ‘ History of Select American Plants, pl. 170. According to Schon- 
herr, this species and the allied Bruchus Nucleorum of Fabricius are at once dis- 
tinguished by having the intermediate joints of the antenne marked on the upper 
side with a deep oblong impression. It may, however, probably be questioned 
whether in the absence of specimens reared from the same species of palm, there is 
sufficient ground for the distinct identification of the Linnean species, In the 
‘Proceedings of the Entomological Society,’ September 4th, 1854, some seeds of the. 


R 


114 


\ 


wax palm of the Brazils, Copernicia cerifera, were exhibited, together with the beetles 
reared from them. These were purchased by Mr. Westwood at the sale of the 
Society’s exotic collection, and are now in the Hopeian Museum at Oxford. 
The beetles agreed with Gyllenhal’s diagnosis of Bruchus Bactris in Schonherr 
(i. p. 93). 

Latreille’s Bruchus curvipes (described and figured by Humboldt, Obs. de 
Zoovlogie, p. 158) was obtained from the fruit of a palm near Serullo, in New Spain. 
It has longer black antenne, with entire joints. Germar’s Bruchus ruficornis infests 
cocoa nuts brought to Europe,— the fruit, apparently, of a species of Bactris (probably 
Bactris minor); it differs from Latreille’s species in having red fore legs and 
antenne, but is given as synonymous with it by Schonherr, without, as appears, suf- 
ficient cause. 

Sir William Hooker had forwarded to Mr. Westwood a larva of one of these large 
species of Bruchi found in the interior of a seed of a palm (a species of Astrocaryum 
from Bahia) which had been received at the Royal Gardens, Kew: the larva differed 
in no respect from that of the Coquilla nut. Mr. Westwood had also obtained the 
nut of another kind of palm, in the interior of which was found a perfect beetle, which 
seems in no respect to differ from Bruchus ruficornis of Germar. Mr. Kirby also pos- 
sessed a specimen of a large and closely-allied Bruchus, evidently obtained, from its 
not fully-developed state, from the interior of some nut, also purchased by Mr. West- 
wood, but having much larger and more strongly-serrated posterior femora. A speci- 
men of the Coyuilla-nut beetle itself is preserved in spirits in the Christ Church 
Museum, Oxford, in company with the nut and its larva. It also seems to agree 
with Bruchus ruficornis, so as to preclude the necessity of giving it a distinct 
specific name, until a more detailed examination of the allied species can be made. 
The species allied to Bruchus ruficornis are distinguished from Bruchus Bactris, 
not only in the smooth intermediate joints of the antenne, but also in having the 
sutural stria of the elytra simple at its base; in the latter species it is accom- 
panied at the base by two very short rows of punctures like an acute V. 


May 7, 1860. 
J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the 
donors :—‘ Fragments Anatomiques sur quelques Elatérides ;’ ‘ Fragments Anatomiques 
sur quelques Coléoptéres ;’ ‘ Fragments d’Anatomie Entomologique ;’ ‘Note sur 
YAbsence dans le Nemoptera lusitanica d’un Systéme nerveux Appréciable ; ’ 
‘Description des Galles du Verbaseum et du Scrophularia, et des Insectes qui les 
Habitent, pour servir a Histoire du Parasitisme ;’ ‘ Mémoire sur une nouvelle éspéce 
de Belostoma (B. algeriense) et Reflexions sur ce genre d’Hémiptéres Aquatiques ; ’ 
‘Recherches Anatomiques sur les Hyménoptéres de la Famille des Urocerates ;’ 
‘Fragments d’Anatomie Entomologique sur les Buprestides, suivis de la Description 
d'une éspéce nouvelle de Cychrus d’ Espagne ;’ ‘ Histoire Anatomique et Physiologique 


115 


des Scorpions ;’ presented by the Author, M. Léon Dufour, Naturgeschichte der 
Insecten Deutschlands,’ Eister Band, Eiste Haefte ; by the Author, Dr. H. Schaum. 
‘The Butterfly Number of Young England ;’ by the Author, E. Newman, Esq. ‘The 
Zoologist ’ for May ; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for April ; by the Editor. 
‘The Journal of the Society of Arts ;’ by the Society. ‘The Atheneum” for April; 
by the Editor. ‘The Farm and Garden,’ Vol. ii. Nos. 13,14 and 15, containing 
papers on Injurious Insects ; by the Author, C. A. Wilson, Corr. M.E.S. ‘The Ento- 
mologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Vol. iv. and Nos. 183—187; by the Editor, H. T. 
Stainton, Esq. ‘Die Deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten,’ von 
J. H. Kaltenbach ; by the Author. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects 
in the Collection of the British Museum,’ Part xx. Geometrites; by the Author, Francis 
Walker, Esq., F.L.S., &c. ‘ Insecta Saundersiana, or Characters of Undescribed Insects 
in the Collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.;’  ‘ Coleoptera 
Curculionides,’ Part ii., by Henri Jekel; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. 


Exhibitions. 

The President exhibited a living specimen of Homeusa acuminata, found by Mr. 
Scott in a nest of Formica fuliginosa, at Mickleham, and living examples of Claviger 
testaceus from the same locality. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited a large collection of Coleoptera, made by Mr. H. Squire in 
the neighbourhood of Rio. 

Mr. Janson exhibited some Coleoptera and Lepidoptera sent from Perthshire by 
Mr. Turner. 

Mr. Scott exhibited Bolitobius inclinans, Mycetoporus lucidus and Elachista gan- 
gabella, and made the following observations respecting them :— 


Bolitobius inclinans, Grav. A single example taken at Coombe Wood. Authors, 
so far as I am aware, have not observed, or if so not described, the remarkable develop- 
ment of the basal joint of the intermediate tarsi. 

Mycetoporus lucidus, Erichs. Only three or four individuals of this species are 
known as having been taken in England previously. One specimen also taken at 
Coombe Wood. 

Elachista gangabella, Zeller. The type form of this species has a white fascia on 
the anterior wings, as in EK. zonuariella and others of the group. The specimen 
exhibited, however, is entirely black. In certain lights there are very faint indications 
of the fascia. Bred by me last year from larve received from Mr. Stainton. It seems 
to be quite a south country species, and very local. 


Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a small folding box, manufactured by Mr. Harris, 
of Oak Lane, City, for the purpose of transmitting small articles by post; from its 
lightness and strength he considered it would prove useful for entomological purposes. 

Mr. Saunders also exhibited some small galls growing in close clusters, found 
under the ground on the roots of common hazel. He had not yet succeeded in rearing 
the insect which caused them, but considered it must prove a distinct species frum the 
Cynips Quercus-radicis, the galls produced by which are found on the vak, generally 
on the surface or immediately above ground. 

Mr. Saunders also exhibited an apparently new species of Harpalus, taken in Ire- 
land by Mr. Bouchard ; agd illustrations of the, economy of a beetle, apparently of the 
genus Urodon, from the Cape of Good Hope, which, in the larva state, inhabits one 


116 


of the cells in the seed-vessel of a Mesembryanthemum, forcing the remaining cells, 
which become abortive, into a very small space. 

Mr. Walker observed that the galls exhibited by Mr. Saunders were probably 
similar to one which Mr. Bouchard had lately found at the root of an oak tree. This 
gall was in the possession of Mr. Smith, who has reared numerous Cynipide from it, 
and also specimens of a Pteromalus, which much resembles P. Puparum, the butterfly- 
chrysalis parasite. 

Mr. H. Cooke exhibited a hybrid moth which had been obtained in the following 
manner. He had bred a considerable number of Ephyra trilinearia and E. orbicularia, 
and had repeatedly endeavoured to pair the opposite sexes of these species, but only 
succeeded in one instance in doing so, the insects being a male E. orbicularia and 
female E. trilinearia. The female deposited eight eggs, all of which hatched, and the 
larve in due course were full-grown, at which time they presented great dissimilarity 
in appearance, two or three exactly resembling the larve of E. trilinearia, while others 
were precisely like those of E. orbicularia, the remainder differing much from those of 
either parent. Although all of them seemed to enter the pupa state in the most satis- 
factory manner, yet only the one moth exhibited, and that somewhat crippled in the 
posterior wings, was produced. This insect bore very little resemblance to either 
species, the colour and markings approaching nearer to E. poraria, the central fascia 
common to all the wings being broad and well defined. 

Mr. Bond exhibited a specimen of Smerinthus ocellatus, having one side of the 
abdomen pure white, the markings in all other respects being as usual. The insect 
was taken at Freshwater. 

Mr. Rye exhibited a specimen of Euryporus picipes, taken at Holme Bush. Also 
both sexes of Ptinus germanus, from Purfleet ; and a fine series of Badister peltatus, 
taken by himself near Boston. 


Mr. Saunders read the following extracts from Froebel’s ‘Central America,’ 
pp. 433 and 537 :— 


Poisonous Caterpillars. 


“Karly the next morning we arrived at San Antonio. Here I learned what had 
befallen, during the three months of my absence, the small caravan with which I had 
started from Chihachoa. They had encamped in the prairie, a few miles from San 
Antonio. Sickness had broken out among the mules, carrying off nineteen of the best 
animals, and afterwards more died on the road. Several had been bitten by rattle- 
snakes, and saved with the greatest difficulty. The same thing happened to one of 
our drivers, but a remarkable accident befel the waggon-master ; he had crushed on 
his hand a little hairy caterpillar which was crawling on it, and in a few minutes the 
most alarming symptoms appeared. A shiver ran from the hand through his whole 
frame, and especially down his back. His abdomen swelled, his tongue was heavy, 
his consciousness became dimmed, and for a week the man was in imminent danger. 
I afterwards saw the caterpillar in a collection of insects at San Antonio, where the 
patient recognised it. If he was right it is a little worm covered with long yellowish 
hairs, about a quarter of an inch long; it resembles a caterpillar, but whether it is 
one I cannot say. I afterwards heard of other examples of the extraordinary effects 
caused by this creature. Ina garden at Indianola one of them dropped from a tree 
on to a child’s arm, who immediately screamed with pain; the arm swelled, a violent 
fever came on, and the child’s life was in great danger for several days.’—p. 433. 


117 


Mineralogical Ants. 


“ Before continuing the account of our journey I must offer a remark connected 
with an observation I made in the desert. When traversing certain parts of the North- 
American Steppes and Deserts I have frequently observed ant-hills formed exclusively 
of small stones of the same mineral species, as, for instance, small grains of quartz. 
In one part of the Colorado Desert the hills of these mineralogical ants consisted of 
heaps of small shining fragments of crystallized feldspar, chosen by these little animals 
from the various components of the coarse sand of these parts. The last time I was 
at E] Paro a North-American driver came to me and inquired the value of a small 
bag of garnets he possessed. On my asking in what place they had been found I 
heard that these stones — imperfect crystals of red transparent garnets — were the 
material of which the ants build their hills in the country of the Navago Indians, in 
New Mexico, and that he knew a place where any quantity uf them might be collected. 
These remarks may perhaps not be uninteresting to the question relating to the gold- 
seeking ants of Herodotus.”— p. 537. 


Mr. Saunders also read descriptions of some new species of the genus Erateina ; 
and exhibited the insects to the meeting. 


Part 5 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table. 


June 4, 1860. 


J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors :—‘ On the Cultivation of Silk at Mussooree, Himalaya Mountains, with- 
Notes on the Treatment of the Silkworm ;’ presented by the Author, Capt. Thomas 
Hutton, F.G.S8., Superintendent of Government Silk Plantations. ‘On some New 
Longicornia from the Moluccas;’ ‘ On some New Anthribide ;’ by the Author, F. P. 
Pascoe, Esq. F.L.S., &c. ‘The Journal of Entomology,’ No. 1; by the Proprietors. 
- * The Zoologist’ for June ; by the Editor. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 38 ; 
by the Society. ‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie,’ Vol. ii. Part 6, Vol. iii. Parts 1,2 and 3; 
by the Entomological Society of the Netherlands. ‘A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous 
Insects in the Museum of Natural History at the East-India House,’ by Thomas 
Horsfield, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., Keeper of the Museum, and Frederick Moore, 
Esq., Assistant, Vol. ii.; by the East India Company. ‘The Atheneum’ for May ; 
by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts ;’ by the Editor. ‘ The Ento- 
mologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 188—191 ; by the Editor. 


Evhibitions. 
Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Criomorphus castaneus, found alive in the 
playground of a school at Blackheath. He observed that the species had been recorded 


118 


as British, by the name of Callidium luridum, but he believed its claims to be considered 
a native were rather doubtful. 

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited two specimens of Papilio Antenor, Drury, sent 
from Madagascar by Mr. Layard, and read the following note of their capture by that 
gentleman. “TI have sent two not very good specimens of Papilio Antenor of Drury, 
which I shot at Boyana Bay, Madagascar. They fly very high, and I could not obtain 
them in any other way. I have two more from the French missionaries, who said they 
did sometimes come down.” 

Mr. Bond exhibited two living examples of Acrocinus longimanus, and two speci- 
meus of Deilephila lineata, caught near Brigliton on the 12th and 14th ult. He also 
exhibited two dead pupe of Sphinx Convolvuli, found last autumn in a potato-field 
near Canterbury ; and an enormous cocoon of Eriogaster lanestris, three larve having 
united in forming it. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited specimens of Deilephila lineata from Lewisham and 
Torquay. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited specimens of a species of Cecidomyia, which he had 
bred from small galls found on buds of the common broom. 

Mr. Janson exhibited Spherites glabratus, Rhinomacer attelaboides and other 
Coleoptera from Scotland. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited Lithocolletis Helianthemi, bred from larve mining in leaves 
of Helianthemum vulgare, received from Ratisbon; and a specimen of Aspidisca 
splenderiferella, an American species of Tineina, bred from Crategus tomentosa. 

Mr. Moore exhibited a living example of the Eria silk moth (Adéacus Ricini) bred 
from a larva which fed on the castor-oil plant. 

Mr. Gorham exhibited the following Coleoptera :— 


Dinarda dentata. Taken by Mr. Crotch in nests of Formica fusca. 

Haploglossa rufipennis. ‘Taken in sandpits near Addington. 

Mycetoporus lucidus. Wimbledon Common. 

Eucephalus complicans. Charlton. 

Lathrobium punctatum. Hammersmith. 

Lemophileus duplicatus. Near Farnborough, Kent. 

Chryphagus micrographus. Isle of Wight. Of this species Mr. Lewis had taken 
a single example near Croydon. 


Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited some remarkable specimens, illustrating the production 
of fertile workers in a hive of the ordinary honey-bee (Apis mellificu). They were 
produced by placing, in March, a comb containing eggs and larve in workers’ cells 
only in a hive which had been some time without a queen, and which consequently 
contained no brood whatever. There was no apparent attempt made by the bees to 
form a royal cell and to rear a new queen from the workers’ eggs, but after the latter 
were hatched the bees produced from them laid eggs. These were deposited in the 
drone cells only, sometimes as many as six being placed in one cell, of which only one 
was hatched, a drone in all cases being produced. It was noticed that these fertile 
workers were hatched and laid eggs before any drones had been observed in the adjacent 
hives. Huber supposed that such workers were produced by partaking of some of the 
food designed for the production of a queen, which had been deposited in the cells 
adjacent to the royal one. This supposition was disproved, as there was no royal cell 
in the single brood-comb which the hive contained. 


119 


Mr. S. Stevens communicated the following extract from a letter from Robert 
Clark, Esq., and exhibited a specimen of the fly alluded to therein :— 


“These insects are pretty numerous in the windward division of the Gold Coast, 
in March, April, May, November and December, especially in the three former months, 
before the first rains set in, when the weather is generally close and oppressively hot. 
As soon as they are observed, either in or about the houses of the Europeans or natives, 
everything is done to get rid of them, for when they alight on the person they inflict a 
painfully stinging wound, rapidly followed by a wheal, which becomes the seat of an 
annoying itchiness. The proboscis, as you may have noticed, is strong and keen, and 
they readily push it through thick clothing and thin leather. Horses and other beasts 
of burden suffer severely from their attacks, and there are good grounds for believing 
that this is the cause why no animal of that description will live upon the windward 
part of the Gold Coast; indeed, my friend Mr. R. D. Ross was so persuaded of this 
being the case that he made a strong representation to the head of the Commissariat 
Department to that effect, suggesting, at the same time, that hammock instead of horse 
allowance should be granted to the officers of the G. C. A. Corps stationed in the wind- 
ward districts. 

“In 1858 I procured from the late Mr. Consul Campbell, of Lagos, four horses 
for the use of some of the officers stationed at Cape Coast Castle. They arrived in 
fair condition, were well stabled, carefully groomed and fed, nevertheless in six or 
eight weeks from the date of their landing they were all dead. This did not seem to 
me to arise from the grass, as‘it was in every respect quite equal to that on which 
horses feed and thrive admirably on the leeward division of the Gold Coast, at Sierra 
Leone and the Gambia, The precaution of partly drying it before it was given to the 
animals was not neglected, and their food was varied with ground nut-straw, which is 
considered capital fodder for horses both at Sierra Leone and the Gambia. The late 
Mr. Brodie Cruikshank even imported hay and oats from England, conceiving (I am 
of opinion incorrectly) that the mortality of beasts of burden depended upon some 
poisonous herb being mixed up with the grass on the part of the Gold Coast I refer 
to, but as might be anticipated the experiment in question proved a complete failure. 

“With regard to these insects I think I told you that a Mr. Glydden, purser of 
H.M. store ship ‘ Buffalo, to whom I showed them on the Coast, insisted that they 
are identical with the tzetze described by Dr. Livingstone, alleging that he had met 
with them in some of the regions of Southern Africa which he had visited.” 


Mr. Westwood remarked that the insect exhibited was closely allied to the common 
Tabanus bovinus of Europe, and certainly not the “ tzetze” met with by Dr. Living- 
stone and others, as was asserted in the latter part of the letter just read. 


Dr. Wallace communicated the following :-— 


Remarks on the Occurrence of Rarer British Sphingide. 


“ The fact that in many female Sphingide captured in Great Britain and Ireland, 
in the autumn months, no ova have been found, induces the question as to whether 
some species may or may not be continuously indigenous. Many think that the absence 
of ova in the female is merely a question of time, as in the case of A. Atropos, the 
females of which, notoriously devoid of eggs in the forced autumn specimens, are found 
in June depositing ova, whence the brood is perpetuated. Others maintain that it is 


120 


a question not of time only, but also of place, for taking S. Convolvuli, females of which 
are constantly taken in the autumn months, almost invariably without eggs (in 1846 
and 1859 the species occurred most freely : one individual took nearly fifty specimens 
in 1859, all the females of which were destitute of ova). In this case either a female 
is hatched in the autumn with eggs, hybernates and deposits ova in the spring, or 
emerges in the spring from the pupa, or else specimens fly over from abroad and 
deposit ova in this country. I would ask has ever 8S. Convolvuli been taken or observed 
in the spring or early summer in this country, and if so in what condition or of what 
sex? Are we to look for a development of females of D. Lineata without eggs, in the 
autumn months, if a hot summer intervenes? A series of observations carefully made as 
to time, place, condition, sex, and also as to the complete development of sexual organs 
of any or all of the rarer Sphingid, would help to resolve the question. Without giving 
any opinion myself, I may add the truth can only thus be obtained, from a series of 
observations, not from a single capture. Have any of the commoner Sphingide, the 
Smerinthi or others, occurred in the autumn months, and if so were they fully developed ? 
Are any of the rarer Noctuz to be louked upon in the same light ? 

“ This question appears of more importance than the double-broodedness of some 
Notodontide, about which so much has been written, and I commend it to the attention 
of entomologists.” 


Mr. Smith read an extract from Park’s ‘ History of Hampstead,’ in which it was 
stated that in 1782 great numbers of “ vermin” appeared on the hedges and trees in 
that neighbourhood, and that men were employed to beat them off with poles and burn 
them. These persons experienced considerable irritation on the face and other exposed 
parts of the person, whilst those who incautiously inhaled the fumes produced by 
burning them were much indisposed in consequence. 

Mr. Stainton considered these “ vermin” were the larve of the brown-tail moth 
(Porthesia Chrysorrhea), which had in former years appeared in immense numbers in 
this country, and the hairs of which and many of its congeners were well known to 
produce much irritation of the human skin. 


Mr. Smith also read the following papers:—“ Observations on Cynips lignicola 
and C. Radicis,” and “ Descriptions of new Species of Australian Hymenoptera and of 
a Species of Formica from New Zealand.” 

Mr. Baly read a paper intituled “ Description of some New Species of Sagya ; 
Remarks on that Genus; and the Characters of Cheiloxena, a New Genus ‘belonging 
to the same Family.” 


July 2, 1860. 
J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors: —‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ vol. v. No. 17 ; 
presented by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Athe- 
neum’ for May ; by the Editor. 


121 


Election of a Subscriber. 


C. Miller, Esq., 17, Silurian Terrace, Dalston, was balloted for, and elected a Sub- 
scriber to the Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited a portion of a collection of drawings of European Lepi- 
doptera, in which the wings were formed by transferring the scales from the wings of 
the insects by a process not ascertained, the bodies and limbs being afterwards beauti- 
fully drawn in water-colours. Mr. Stevens stated that the entire collection was con- 
tained in seven portfolios, and comprised nearly the whole of the European Macro- 
Lepidoptera ; it had been formed in Germany, by the labour of a lifetime, and now 
sent to England to be disposed of at a very moderate price. 

The specimens exhibited were much admired by the Members present, some of 
whom stated they had tried various modes of transferring the scales of Lepidoptera to 
paper, but with very unsatisfactory results. 

Mr. Janson exhibited the following Coleoptera, taken at Rannoch by Mr. C. 
Turner, viz., Otiorhynchus septentrionis, Herbst, Scolytus Ratzeburgii, Janson, Mag- 
dalinus carbonarius, Fab., and Rhagonycha paludosa, Fallen. 

Mr. Janson also exhibited a specimen of Homalota subterranea, Mulsant., a 
species first detected in France, which he had found at Mickleham, Surrey, on 
the 23rd ult., under a stone, in a nest of Formica flava. He also exhibited Ischno- 
glossa rufopicea and Conosoma bimaculatum, found beneath bark of oaks at Colney 
Hatch. 

Mr. McLachlan exhibited a fine specimen of Chrosis Audouiana, lately caught at 
Darenth Wood,, Kent. 

Mr. Douglas exhibited the following Coleoptera, found in the sap exuding from 
the perforations formed in oaks by the larva of Cossus ligniperda, viz., Cryptar- 
cha imperialis, Epurea 10-guttata, Tachinus bipustulatus, Homalota cinnamomea, 
H. hospita, and Omalium planum. He also exhibited Conopalpus testaceus, bred 
from rotten oak-branches from Richmond Park. 

The Rev. H. Clark sent for distribution amongst the Members specimens of Lac- 
cophilus variegatus, Germ., taken by him at Pevensey in June last. 

Mr. Lewis exhibited specimens of Thiasophila inquilina, found at Charlton in 
nests of Formica fuliginosa. Mr. Lewis remarked that he had, at the Meeting of the 
Society held on the 2nd of April last, exhibited a specimen of Telephorus atra, L., 
and stated it to be a species unrecorded as British ; but he had since found that it 
had been long before included by Mr. Murray in his ‘ Catalogue of Scottish Co- 
leoptera.’ 


The Secretary read a letter from R. J. L. Guppy, Esq., Port of Spain, Trinidad, 
on the habits of an insect allied to, if not identical with, Ranatra linearis of Europe, 
which he had found in streams in that island. 


August 6, 1860. 


J. W. Dove as, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors :—‘ Catalogues of Natural History Collections in the British Museum,’ viz. 
Lepidoptera, Part 1 (Papilio); Hymenoptera, Parts 1 and 2 (Chalcidites); Hymenop- 
tera, Parts 1—7; Diptera, Parts 1—7; Homoptera, Parts 1—4, and Supplement ; 
Hemiptera, Parts 1 and 2; Orthoptera, Part 1; Nomenclature of Coleoptera, Parts 
3, 4 and 6; Coleoptera, Parts 7-9; Coleoptera of Madeira; Coleoptera, Part 1 
(Cucuijde); Hispide ; Neuroptera, Parts 1—4; Neuroptera, Part 1 (Termitina) ; 
British Animals, Parts 5—17; British Hymenoptera, Part 1; British Fossorial 
Hymenoptera ; British Ichneumonide ; British Curculionide ; British Diatomacee ; 
Marine Polyzoa, Parts 1 and 2; Lepidoptera Heterocera, Part 20. ‘ Proceedings of 
the Royal Society, vol. x. No. 39; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Pro- 
ceedings of the Linnean Society, Supplement to vol. iv. (Zoology) ; by the Society. 
‘Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, vol. i.; by the Society. 
‘Catalogue of British Coleoptera, Sheets K and L; by the Author, G. R. Waterhouse, 
Esq. ‘ Exotic Buterflies, Part 35; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘ The Zoologist’ for 
August; by the Editor, ‘The Atheneum’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of 
the Society of Arts’ for July; by the Society. ‘The Natural History of the Tineina, 
vol. v.; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 192—200; by H.T. Stainton, 
Esq. ‘ Liunea Entomologica, vol. xiv.; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. 


Exhibitions. 


The President exhibited specimens of Stathmopoda pedella, one of the Tineina 
hitherto so extremely rare in our collections that only two or three examples were 
known. He found it in abundance in July in the foliage of alder trees at Lewisham, 
and other persons had also taken it there, so that more than 200 specimens had been 
captured. Professor Behewann had recently informed him that this moth was not 
scarce in Sweden, but he was not aware that the larva had been observed since Linneus 
wrote of it, “ Habitat in Alni foliis subcutanea.” It was to be hoped that with this 
guide to its habits no long time would now elapse before the larva would be re-dis- 
covered. The President called attention to the peculiar position in which the spinose 
hind legs were held in repose—turned under the wings and extended laterally in frout 
of them—a peculiarity which had been noticed by Linneus. Even when the moth 
walked, these legs were rarely put down, so that the creature usually walked about by 
means of its other four legs only. 

The President also exhibited a specimen of Phloiotrya rufipes, found dead under 
the bark of an old oak at Leatherhead Common. 

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of a Trochilinm, recently taken by Mr. G. King at 
Torquay ; and also some examples of apparently the saine species from the collection 
of J. R. Hind, Esq., captured in Spain, and labelled Philanthiforme. 

The species taken by Mr. King, as far as can be ascertained from the damaged 


123 


condition of his specimens, appears to be the S. Musceformis of Esper, originally 
recorded as a British species by Mr. Newman, in his “ Monographia Ageriarum 
Anglie ” (Ent. Mag. vol. i. p. 79), on the authority of a specimen in the collection of 
Mr. J. F. Stephens; the species was also given as British by Mr. Stephens in the 
Appendix to his ‘ Illustrations ’ (Haust. iv. p. 385), on the authority of the same speci- 
men, which, however, he subsequently considered to be merely a variety of S. Ichneu- 
moniformis, and placed it as such in his ‘ Catalogue of British Lepidoptera in the Col- 
lection of the British Museum’ (Part 5, p. 31). This specimen (now contained in the 
collection of the British Museum) is unquestionably a damaged example of S. Ichneu- 
moniformis. 

Mr. Janson exhibited three unrecorded species of British Coleoptera, recently taken 
by Charles Turner at Rannoch, Perthshire, and made the following observations 
respecting them :— 

Rhopalodontus perforatus, Gyll. Cis perforatus, Gyll. Ins Suee. iii. 385, 7 (1813). 
Rhopalodontus perforatus, Mellié, Anuales de la Soc. Ent. de France, Ser. 2, vi. 234, 
tab. 9, fig. 23 (1848).—The first indigenous example of this pretty little insect which 
came under my notice I obtained from the late James Foxcroft, mixed up with some 
scores of Cis nitidus, reared during the winter of 1853-4, from a hard woody boletus he 
found on the trunks of old birch trees in the Black Forest, Perthshire, and which, 
remarking that it was perforated by innumerable minute coleopterous larve, he brought 
up with him to London the previous autumn. Turner, who carefully examined the 
specimen, and to whom I pointed out its most obvious distinctive characters and com- 
municated its history, has succeeded in securing upwards of thirty examples. 

Rhagonycha elongata, Fallen. Cantharis elongata, Fallen, Mon. Canth. i. ii. 8 (1807); 
Gyll. Ins. Suec. i. 335, 8 (1808). Nearly allied to Rhagonycha paludosa, Fallen, 
Gyll., exhibited by me at our last meeting, but readily distinguished from it by its 
superior size, relatively narrower form the pale basal joints of its antenne, pale apex 
of its femora and base of its tibia, and its subquadrate prothorax, of which the posterior 
angles are salient. Gyllenhal and Sahlberg inform us that this species “ habitat in 
frondibus abietis.” Zetterstedt remarks that it occurs likewise on birch “ in Betuletis 
Nordlandie et Finmarkie ;” from Turner, who is far from communicative touching 
his craft, all the information I can elicit is that he “ got it in a very strange way.” 

Brachonyx indigena, Herbst. Curculio indigena, Herbst, Natur. Syst. Col. vi. 170, 
130, tab. 71, fig. 12 (1793 ?). Rhynchaenus indigena, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iii. 71, 7 (1813). 
Brachonyx indigena, Schoenh. Cure. Disp. Meth. 232, 132 (1826); Gen. et Spec. 
Cure. iii. i. 329, 214 (1836) ; Guerin, Icon. Ins. 145, tab. 38, fig. 3 (1833 ?).—This 
species is found, according to Gyllenhal and other continental authorities, “in Pini 
Sylvestris frondibus.” Turner, to whom I sent instructions to search for it on this 
tree, asserts he beat it from birch. Although of not unfrequent occurrence in Sweden, 
Finland, Lapland, and in the mountainous districts of central Europe, it would appear 
to be exceedingly rare in Scotland, as Turver assures me that every effort on his part 
had yielded three examples only, one of which is unfortunately mutilated. 

Mr. Waring exhibited two fine specimens of Acidalia rubricata, and a beautiful 
female of Lithostege nivearia, taken near Brandon, Suffolk, during the present 
season. 

Mr. Scott exhibited the following Lepidoptera :-— 

Coleophora binotapennella. Bred from larve found two years ago at Brighton. 

Tinea caprimulgella. Found on the trunk of a tree in Blackheath Park. 


124 


Ephestia semirufa, Haw. Found abundantly near Lewisham, as also the variety 
rufa described by Haworth as a species. Mr. Doubleday informed Mr. Douglas that 
he had seen no specimens of this insect since he received it from Mr. Dale many years 
ago. 

Mr. Scott also exhibited the following Coleoptera :— 

Deleaster Dichrous, Grav. Taken at Crwmlyn, Monmouthshire. June. 

Stilicus fragilis, Grav. Taken at Crwmlyn, Monmouthshire. June. 

Clythra 3-dentata Found at Darenth Wood. 


Mr. Mitford exhibited a beautiful series, including both sexes, of Nemotois cupria- 
cella, lately caught at Hampstead : though the female of this species has been frequently 
taken in various parts of England, the male had not previously been captured. 

Mr. Miller exhibited a number of interesting Micro-Lepidoptera, including an 
apparently new species of Coleophora bred from larve which fed on hazel, and a Litho- 
colletis, the larva of which mined in leaves of the plum tree. 

Mr. F. Walker exhibited a remarkable variety of Lasiommata Megera, and made 
the following observations respecting it :— 

This singular variety of L. Megera, if it had been found in a distant region, would 
perhaps have been considered to be a distinct species. It was taken by my son in 
Guernsey. The upper surface somewhat resembles that of L. Clymenus, a Russian 
species, and in the band of the fore wings of the male not being forked it approaches 
L. Tegelius from Corsica. The most decided peculiarity is in the under side of the 
hind wings, and it appears to differ as much from L. Megera as the latter does from 
L. Mera and L. Meroides, Boisd., found in Hindostan ; this last species hardly differs 
from L. Mera. Examples in the British Museum of L. Megera from Persia in no 
wise differ from the European specimens. 

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of the Cychramus fungicola of Heer and 
Erichson, an insect which he believed had been commonly confounded in this country 
with the C. luteus. The C. fungicola, however, might be distinguished by its more 
convex form, stronger punctuation, less dense and coarser pubescence, and, usually by 
the disc of the elytron being clouded with brown. 

A series of C. luteus was exhibited, with the C. fungicola for comparison. Mr. Water- 
house stated that he believed both speeies were equally common, and that he had taken 
them both at Darenth Wood, Birch Wood and Erith. He here observed that the second 
species of Byturus (viz., B. fumatus) he had this year found both at Darenth and Birch 
Woods; that at the time he first called attention to the existence of B. fumatus in 
England, he was not aware of the localities of the very few specimens which came 
under his notice. The B. fumatus he was aware had been taken by other entomolo- 
gists in the London district ; he had seen specimens captured by Mr. Douglas and 
Mr. Stokes. 

Mr. Waterhouse then exhibited specimens of two species of Ceutorhynchus, which 
had to be added to our list of British Coleoptera. The first was the C. Syrites of Germar, 
Gyllenhal and Schénherr. The specimens exhibited were found by sweeping in the 
field opposite the inn at Birch Wood Corner, on the 11th of July last, and he had taken 
a single specimen at Erith on the 26th of June last. 

The C. Syrites is nearly allied to C. assimilis, but may be distinguished by its 
shorter and more convex form, the larger size of the white scales (which are very dense, 
and form a white line along the suture), with which it is clothed, the somewhat coarser 


125 


sculpturing, and, lastly, by the apical third of the elytra being covered with minute 
tubercles, both on the upper surface and sides. Formerly another species of Ceuto- 
rhyncus had been mistaken for the C. Syrites, viz., the C. inaffectatus of Schénherr, a 
more oblong and more depressed insect, readily distinguished by its femora being 
dentate, on which account it is placed in a separate section. 

The other species exhibited was the C. tarsalis, of which Mr. Waterhouse had 
taken specimens at Erith, on June 26th, by sweeping. It was found in company with 
C. sulcicollis, which it much resembles. Like that insect it has a patch of pale (either 
yellowish or almost white) scales on the sides of the chest, at the angle between the 
thorax and elytra, but its form is more elongate and depressed, and, instead of being 
dull black above, it is somewhat glossy, especially the elytra, which, moreover, have a 
slight metallic tint, usually of a bronze hue. In its form it more nearly approaches 
the C. cyaneipennis, from which it may be distinguished by its dark colouring, and 
the pale patch of scales already alluded to, and from both the species named it differs 
in having pale testaceous tarsi. 

Mr. Waterhouse then proceeded to observe that “ Mr. Walton, having prepared 
a Catalogue of the British Curculionide for the British Museum, and all the desiderata 
of the Museum British collection being marked in this Catalogue, he, with his well- 
known liberality and public spirit, tien presented to the public a series of all the 
species which were desiderata to the Museum, including the unique specimens. 
Among these specimens thus presented are two British specimens of a Ceutorhynchus 
bearing the name “ tarsalis ;” there is, also presented by the same gentleman, a third 
insect with the same name, this last having been received by Mr. Walton from Germar. 
With Germar’s specimen the insect exhibited by me as C. tarsalis agrees perfectly, 
as it does likewise with Schonhert’s description, but when compared with Mr. Walton’s 
two specimens I notice differences which lead me to doubt if they be the same species ; 
they want the metallic gloss on the elytra, are rather more convex, the striz of the 
elytra are rather more strongly marked, and the interstices are more strongly rugulose ; 
moreover, the tubercles at the apex of the elytra are mcch less distinct. I cannot 
help thinking that the two insects in question will prove to be varieties of the C. sulci- 
collis, in which the tarsi are piceo-rufous instead of black. It seems to me probable 
that Mr. Walton had some doubts of this identification, and hence did not introduce 
the species C. tarsalis into his list. An insect which appeared to me to agree with 
Mr. Walton’s I now exhibit: it certainly is a very rare circumstance for C. sulcicollis 
to have the tarsi ferruginous ; for I have examined an immense number of specimens, 
and this is the only one I have seen, with the exception of the two specimens in the 
Museum already alluded to.” 

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited a specimen of Trox hispidus of Laichart, and like- 
wise a specimen of Crioceris dodecastigma of Panzer, both of which he had reason to 
believe were English; he knew not the locality of either, and his object was to call 
attention to these insects, through Which he thought it possible to learn some definite 
localities for them. 

Of these insects he has possessed a specimen of each for years ; they were given to 
him by his friends, and were suppused both by him and them to be the nearly allied 
British species, viz., Trox sabulosus and Crioceris 12-punctata. The Trox Mr. W. 
had long back separated from sabulosus, but could not identify with any description, 
but recently Dr. Power brought to him for identification a species which appeared 
to him distinct from others. With this Mr. W. was able to satisfy himself that Dr. 


1 


vo 


6 


Power’s insect is the Trox hispidus of Laichart, and that his own insect is a variety of 
the same, in which the thorax is very sparingly punctured, whereas it should be rather 
thickly punctured. The species is readily distinguished by the alternate rows of 
smaller and larger tubercles on the elytra. 

The Crioceris dodecastigma, which has until quite recently been confounded in 
his collection (never having been looked at probably since it was received), is distin- 
guished from C. 12-punctata by the legs and under parts of the body being entirely 
black, instead of red. The orbit of the eye is also entirely black, and the antenne 
are less stout, &c. 

Mr. Rye exhibited a specimen of Deleaster dichrous, taken in a house at Glasgow ; 
a female of Odonteus mobilicornis, from Darenth Wood ; and a singular male example 
of Rhynchites betuleti, destitute of the usual spines on the thorax. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited some examples of the pupe of Papilio Machaon, received 
from Dr. Verloren, and detailed some experiments by him, proving that the well-known 
diversity of colour in the pupz of this species is not indicative of the sexes, or of any 
variation in the colours of the imago. 


Natural Cross Breeding in Bees. 


Mr. Tegetmeier described a series of experiments he had been making recently to 
ascertain whether there existed any natural means for preventing continued inter- 
breeding in the honey bee. He stated that his own experience, as a breeder of several 
varieties of vertebrate animals, was that continued interbreeding led to deterioration 
of size, great delicacy of constitution, and ultimately to extinction of the race. It had 
been alleged, in opposition to these views, that continuous interbreeding was not injurious 
to the bee, the young queens being supposed to be fertilized by the drones of the same 
hive, bred from the same parent. It is well known that on a stranger worker bee 
attempting to enter a hive it is at once seized by the guards, and, unless it succeeds in 
escaping, stung to death. He found that on placing drones captured as they entered 
one hive at the entrance of another they ran in and were readily received. In order 
to ascertain whether they ever willingly entered other hives than those from which they 
emerged, he marked them as they flew forth, by dusting them with flour, and observed 
that about one-third of the whole number flew into other hives on their return. The 
workers do not appear to distinguish between stranger drones and those of their own 
hive ; in fact the drones seem common to all the hives in an apiary; hence, even sup- 
posing a young queen to be always fertilized by the drones inhabiting the hive in which 
she is reared, continuous interbreeding must of necessity be prevented. 

Mr. Tegetmeier also exhibited reared specimens of Apis Ligustica, from a hive of 
that species at the Apiary, Muswell Hill, London. 


Mr. Westwood read “* Remarks on the Effects of Time and Heat in the Develop- 
ment of certain Sphingidz,” being the results of most elaborate observations, by Dr. 
Verloren, on Sphinx Ligustri and other species. 

Mr. Scott read descriptions of four new species of Coleophora, viz., C. Melilotella, 
C. Artemisiella, C. Ardepennella and C, politella. 


Part 6 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ were announced as 
published. 


September 3, 1860. 
H. T. Srainron, Esq., V.P., in the chair. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors : —‘ Monographie des Elaterides,’ par M. E. Caudéze, Tome troisiéme ; 
presented by the Author. ‘ Verbandlungen der Kaiserlich-K6éniglichen Zoologisch- 
Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien,’ Vol. ix.; by the Society. ‘The Proceedings of 
the Zoological Society of London, 1860, Parts ]. and II.; by the Society. ‘ Stettiner 
Entomologische Zeitung, 1860, Nos. 4—9; by the Fntomological Society of Stettin. 
‘ Coléoptéres des Iles Acores, par Frederic Tarnier ; by the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ 
for September; by the Editor. ‘ Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical So- 
ciety of Liverpool during the Forty-ninth Session, 1859—60; by the Society. ‘The 
Journal of the Society of Arts’ for August; by the Society. ‘The Entomologist’s 
Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 201—204; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. 


Election of a Subscriber. 


John Ellerton, Esq., of 9, Westmoreland Place, Westbourne Grove, was elected a 
Subscriber to the Society. 

Evhihitions. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited two examples of Diachromus germanus, recently captured 
in the town of Deal; one having been found by Mr. Smith, jun., crawling on the 
pavement; the other by himself, on the wall of a house. 

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited examples of the larva, pupa and imago of Trachodes 
hispidus, forwarded to him by Mr. Plant, of Leicester. 

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited two species of Dorcatoma, both bred from rotten 
wood brought from Richmond Park. The first was D. flavicornis, and was merely 
exhibited for comparison with the second, which Mr. W. believed to be the D. chryso- 
melina of Sturm. It differs in being more oblong than D. flavicornis. The three 
terminal joints of the antenne are much more dilated in the male, and the penulti- 
mate and antepenultimate joints have the upper edge emarginate. In specimens 
which appear to be females the corresponding joints differ much less from those of 
D. flavicornis; still the upper edge is slightly emarginate, and the three club joints 
are more unequal in size, the first being relatively larger. 

Mr. Janson remarked that Mr. Frederick Smith had captured, some twelve years 
back, on old oaks near Peckham, a species of Dorcatoma which agreed well with 
Sturm’s figure and description of D. chrysomelina ; he had himself likewise taken the 
insect in the same locality, and had labelled it in his collection without doubt as 
D. chrysomelina, Scurm. 

Mr. Pelerin exhibited a beautiful variety of Staphylinus cwsareus, having the 
pubescence entirely fulvous. Also, Platystethus nitens and Mycetophagus 4-guttatus, 
taken at Hornsey, both these species being of very rare occurrence in Britain. 

Mr. G. King exhibited some fine varieties of Crambus paludellus, Argynnis Eu- 
phrosyne, Arctia villica and Calligenia miniata. Also, a series of Acentropus niveus, 
from Horning Fen, Norfolk. 

Mr. Lewis exhibited specimens of Hallomenus humeralis, which he had lately 
found in abundance on a fence at Charlton. This species was first recorded as British 
in the ‘ Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1859. 


128 


Mr. Stainton exhibited some larve of Nemotois scabiosellus which he had received 
from Herr Hofmann, of Ratisbon. They had been obtained by collecting the scabious- 
heads in which females had been observed ovipositing. The difficulty attendant on the 
finding of these larvee was now apparent, as the young larva fed in the seeds, and then 
made use of the seed-husk asa case, till it had attained a sufficient size to require a flat 
leaf-made case. Whilst ensconced in the seed-husk the larva could scarcely be 
detected, the inhabited seed-husk resembling so precisely the other seeds of the 
plant. 

Mr. Janson exhibited specimens of a new British Donacia, D. Comari (Ahr.), 
Suffrian, taken by the late James Foxcroft in Perthshire, in May, 1854. He re- 
marked that this species so nearly resembled the common D. sericea, LZ. (D. Proteus, 
Steph.), that it has probably been confounded with it in some of our collections; it 
may, however, be readily distinguished by its parallel elytra, and the totally different 
structure of its antenne, which are much shorter and stouter, with the third joint only 
just perceptibly longer than the second, and but very little shorter than the fourth ; 
whereas in D. sericea the antenne have the third joint fully half as long again as the 
second, and nearly as much shorter than the fourth. He observed that the occurrence 
of this species in Britain was particularly interesting, as it had hitherto been found 
only in the Hartz mountains, where it was discovered about the year 1806, by Dahl, 
who, from mercenary motives, not only kept its true locality a secret, but circulated 
various absurd and false statements respecting it; thus, Ahrens, in his ‘ Monograph of 
Donacia’ (Neue Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle, 29, 1810), 
relates that Dabl had beaten it in some numbers from pine trees. Twenty years sub- 
sequently, however (in the summer of 1830), Ahrens found the beetle in considerable 
plenty in the Hartz, on the leaves of Comarum palustre ; and at the end of July in 
the following year Dr. Suffrian met with it under similar circumstances in the same 
locality (vide Ent. Zeit. Stett. vii. 85, 1846). Mr. Janson further remarked, that 
although our British species of Donacia are readily separable by external characters, 
several North-American species are not only so closely allied ander se, but, moreover, 
bear so strong a resemblance to certain European species, that while, on the one hand, 
certain slight yet apparently constant peculiarities in habit induce the conviction that 
they are really specifically distinct, it is, on the other hand, utterly impossible to find 
good diagnostics whereby to characterise them. A few evenings since, being engaged 
with Mr. Baly in endeavouring to throw the North-American Donacie of that gen- 
tleman’s extensive collection into species, they remarked that many of the specimens 
presented an exserted organ at the apex of the abdomen ; these they at first supposed 
to be males, but the microscope soon convinced them that they were females, and that 
the organ thus protruded was the ovipositor within its sheaths. To clear up the 
doubts they at first had on this point they examined many specimens, and the result not 
only satisfied them that this organ is the ovipositor, but that the structure both of the 
superior and inferior valves, especially the first, varies so much in apparently closely- 
allied species as to afford reliable characters for their discrimination. 

Mr. Rye exhibited a Bagous, apparently distinct from the recorded British spe- 
cies, taken at Hammersmith. Also, on behalf. of Mr. Solomon, the following rare 
Coleoptera : — Aleochara ruficornis, from Campsie Glen, Glasgow ; Philonthus lepi- 
dus, from Southport ; Omias sulcifrons, from York; and Phléophagus Spadix, from 
Purfleet. 

Mr. McLachlan exhibited some Lepidoptera recently captured in the Isle of 
Wight, including fine specimens of Triphena subsequa and Depressaria bipunctosa, 


129 


and a long series of a Gelechia allied to G. instabilella and G. ocellatella, but con- 
sidered by him perfectly distinct from either. 

Mr. McLacblan also brought for distribution among the members a series of bred 
specimens of Coleophora saturatella. 

Mr. Janson read the following letter, lately received by him from Walter Elliott, 
Esq., of Hawick, N.B., dated August 30, 1860 :— 


“ Dear Sir,—I have not been unmindful of the interesting conversation I had with 
you in the month of June last, on the subject of the Hylobius Abietis, but several 
things have occurred to call me away from home, and I have not been able to make 
much investigation, until within the last few days, into the ravages of the insect. 

“T find that although well known to the working foresters with whom I have con- 
versed, the insect has attracted little attention from proprietors of woodlands and 
country gentlemen. 

“ The larch is known to be failing throughout Scotland, and I believe throughout 
Britain; and much speculation exists as to the cause or causes. The Scottish Arbo- 
ricultural Society, instituted in 1854, offered a prize in 1857 for the best essay on the 
causes of decay in the larch (‘On the Dry Rot and other diseases in Larch and 
Spruce’), and in the volume of their ‘ Transactions’ for the current year I find a short 
paper by James McNeoll, forester, of Abercairney, Crieff, which makes no mention of 
the Hylobins as a primary agent of destruction, but dwells largely on the physiological 
conditions required for a healthy plantation, and observes, incidentally, that the plants 
in crowded plantations become sickly and etiolated, and thus ‘ the languid circulation 
of the tree in summer invites the attacks of a species of beetle, whose ravages destroy 
the foliage, thus impairing the wood-producing foliage or power of assimilation. —P. 8. 

“ Brown, in the ‘ Forester,’ second edition, 1849, does not notice the beetle at all, 
but in the most recent work I can find on the subject, intituled ‘The Larch Disease,’ by 
Charles McIntosh, Blackwood, 1860, it is mentioned, among ‘ the accidental misfortunes 
the larch is liable to, as evidently a very minor cause of the mischief so extensively pre- 
vailing in larch plantations, but its operations are limited ‘to attacks on newly- 
planted larch, or such as are sickly.’—P. 113. 

“The main causes of decay, according to these authorities, are :— 

“1, The employment of bad seed, the produce of sickly or unhealthy trees. The 
larch appears to have been indiscriminately and very extensively planted on all kinds 
of soil. Many of these, particularly rich low-lying soils and undrained wet lands, are 
uncongenial to the nature of the tree, and the plantations have failed more or less ac- 
cordingly, exhibiting what is called ‘dry rot or decay at the heart” It seems to be a 
fact that unhealthy trees produce a larger crop of cones than sound ones, and hence 
much bad seed has been gathered and distributed. 

“2. Plantations on the old red sand-stone formation invariably fail ; and this rock is 
very prevalent in Scotland. 

“3. Plantations of larch on ground previously occupied by other coniferous trees, 
or indeed any trees, also fail. 

“ There is no doubt that larch timber has been much infected by what the foresters 
call ‘ dry rot’ or decay at the heart, and probably the use of low, or rich, or wet soils 
may have been the occasion of this. I am also prepared to admit that mischief may 
have resulted from the employment of morbid seed. But I believe the attacks of this 
beetle have had far more to do with the destruction of trees than has hitherto been sus- 
pected. My present forester, a native of Sutherlandshire, says he has been familiar 


T 


130 


with the attacks of the beetle in the north for the last ten years. It has certainly been 
unknown in the south, where I now am, until within two or three years, and now it is 
swarming in every wood. Six years ago, when ona visit from India to my father-in-law 
in Ayrshire, the Hylobius was pointed out to me by the old forester at Blairquhan as 
a recent scourge which had just made its appearance. It appears, therefore, to have 
travelled from the north gradually towards the south. Several persons here whose 
attention I have drawn to the subject, and who have consequently directed observation 
more carefully to the matter, have been struck with the extent of the damage inflicted 
by the beetle on the woods around, which they had previously attributed to such-like 
vague causes as dry rot, fungus, ulcers, &c., and I am persuaded that more careful 
investigation will invest the ravages of the Hylobius with a degree of importance they 
have not hitherto received. 

“ By this post I send you a small box containing specimens of the beetle of both 
sexes. One pair at least were captured in conjunction. I also send pieces of a stem 
of a young larch, showing how completely they have gnawn the bark. I find trees of 
all ages are attacked by them. On large trees the twigs that haye been gnawn wither, 
but the rest of the tree looks healthy. Branch after branch, however, is destroyed, 
and then the top withers and the trunk dies. The numbers of the beetles are so great 
that I can suggest no means for destroying them. They are evidently on the increase, 
and will soon leave not a larch alive. I have also found them attacking the spruce 
occasionally. 

“‘ Have you been able to make any more discoveries of the habits of the Hylobius 
from the German work you showed me? I should be glad of any hints you can give 
me to direct further examination of the subject. As far as I can observe, the breeding 
season is now begun, but I have failed to discover any eggs or larva.” 


October 1, 1860. 


H. T. Stainton, Esq., V.P., in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented 
to the donors:—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ 
vol. xxi. Part 1; presented by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ 
vol. x. No. 40; by the Society. ‘Mémoires de Académie Imperiale des Sciences, 
Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon,’ Classe des Sciences, Tomes viii and ix.; Classe des 
Lettres, Tome vii.; by the Academy. ‘Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles 
d’Agriculture et d’Industrie de Lyon, Tomes ii. and iii.; by the Society. ‘ Exotic 
Butterflies,’ Part 36; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘The Journal of the Society of 


Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for September; by the 
Editor. 


131 


Election of a Member. 


M. Deyrolle, of Rue Rivoli, Paris, was balloted for, and elected a member of the 
Society. 


Exhibitions. 


Mr. Janson exhibited specimens of Epitrix Atrope, Maerkel, Foudras (Crepi- 
dodera Atrope, Allard), taken on Atropa Belladonna, near Arundel, by Mr. Wollaston 
and the Rev. Hamlet Clark, on the 8th ultimo. He remarked that several examples 
of this species, new to the British list, had been found a few days previously in the 
same locality by Mr. John Gray, and he had this morning heard from Mr. S. Stevens 
that specimens, reported at the time as the E. pubescens of Panzer, were taken by Mr. 
H. Francis near Reigate, on the 22nd of June last. He also remarked that this 
insect, considered by the older entomologists as a mere variety of E. pubescens, and 
beautifully figured as such as far back as 1803, by Sturm in the ‘ Entomologische 
Hefte, was first signalised as a distinct species by Herr Maerkel, and that the late 
M. Foudras of Lyons had described it in his extraordinary work ‘ Altisides de France, 
and pointed out the differences between it and its near allies Epitrix pubescens, Panz. 
and EK. intermedia, Foudras ; and further that the genus Epitrix is not accepted by 
by M. Allard, in his ‘ Essai Monographique sur les Galerucites Anisopodes, Latr., ou 
Description des Altises d’Europe et des bords de la mer Méditerranée,’ of which the 
first portion has recently appeared in the ‘Annales de la Société Entomologique de 
France,’ who places the E. pubescens and E. Atrope at the end of the genus Crepidodera, 
remarking with respect to the latter that “elle n’est peutétre q’une variété de la pubes- 
cens ;” but the form of the edeagus, described by M. Foudras, is so dissimilar in the 
two insects, and, setting aside size and colour, the difference in the form and sculpture 
of the prothorax, although in creatures thus minute scarcely perceptible to the unas- 
sisted eye, is so apparent under a lens, that he entertained no doubt whatever as to the 
propriety of considering them good and distinct species. 

Mr. Janson also laid before the meeting a box, handed to him for that purpose by 
Mr. Baly, containing examples of closely allied species of Donacia, Chrysomela and 
Paropsis : by the side of each specimen, mounted on card, were placed the generative 
organs extracted from it. He called particular attention to these organs as exhibiting 
striking differences in species so closely resembling each other as to be readily taken 
for mere varieties, and to the perfect condition of the insects which had been submitted 
to this operation, showing that with a little practice and care the most valuable insects 
may be thus treated without injury. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited two examples of Diachromus germanus, taken at Hastings 
a few years ago; and a specimen of Coptodera massiliensis, found alive in the street at 
Hastings many years since by Mr. Rankings. 

Mr. Waterhouse considered this latter insect had most probably been imported 
amongst foreign plants. 

Mr. Stevens also exhibited a small collection of insects of various orders made by Mr. 
Oxley in New Zealand ; a large box of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from the vicinity of 
the Cape of Good Hope, sent home by Mr. Trimen ; and a fine Goliathus allied to G. 
Derbyanus, from the interior of Africa, likewise forwarded to this country by Mr. 
Trimen. 


132 


Mr. Westwood exhibited a box of exotic Lepidoptera, recently obtained in Paris, 
containing many rare and interesting species, especially several collected by M. Lorquin 
in the Philippine Islands, including Papilio Daedalus, Zethera Pimplea (of which the 
male only had been hitherto known—figured by Erichson—the female now exhibited 
being totally unlike the male), Debis Lorquinii, a species belonging to the family 
Satyridw, but having the wings of the male of a resplendent blue colour; also Morpho 
Aurora, Westw. (a lovely species of great rarity), several brilliant Erycinide, a fine 
new Paphia from Columbia, and a remarkable Adolias from the Philippine Islands ; 
likewise specimens of both sexes of Saturnia Cynthia and S. Ricini, reared at Paris, 
as well as specimens of both sexes of a hybrid variety reared between the two last 
mentioned species. Unfortunately, owing to the absence of M. Guérin Méneville 
from Paris during Mr. Westwood’s visit, he had not been able to obtain any detailed 
account of the circumstances under which these hybrids had been produced, nor had 
he learned whether they were prolific. M.Guérin himself had given in the ‘ Annales 
de la Sociéte Entomologique de France, 1859 (Proc. p. xlvi.), some account of these 
hybrids showing their peculiar tendency both in structure and habits to one or other 
of their parents. On the occasion when this account was given to the French Society, 
M. Aubé suggested the probability that the two supposed parent species were not 
specifically distinct, but were, on the contrary, only races due to domesticity, an opinion 
which Mr. Westwood was induced to adopt, although the circumstances connected with 
the two supposed species as regarded their food-plants, relative capability of enduring 
cold, time of pupation, &c., if applied to great numbers of the Micro-Lepidoptera 
would be regarded by most modern Lepidopterists as decided evidence of distinctness of 
species. Even supposing these hybrids are not fertile (upon which, however, Mr. West- 
wood had no information) the fact of the facility with which the species had been 
crossed seemed to him to show that the pareuts were more nearly related than if they 
were really distinct species. 

Mr. Lubbock wished Mr. Westwood would confirm by actual experiments his 
repeatedly expressed opinion that very many of the so-called species, both of Macro- 
and Micro-Lepidoptera, were mere modifications produced by§ diversity of food, 
locality, &c. 

Mr. Stainton observed that the hybrid Saturnia exhibited by Mr. Westwood were 
larger and finer insects than either S. Ricini or 8. Cynthia; he thought such would 
hardly be the case if they were mere local varieties of one species. 

Mr. Syme exhibited a female specimen of Sphinx Convolvuli, which had 
emerged from the pupa on the 15th ult. It had been produced from a larva 
found in a potato field at Deal in the autumn of last year, and had remained 
nearly a year in the pupa state; the eggs contained in the abdomen were, however, 
extremely small. 

Mr. Smith exhibited a specimen of a Danish humble-bee (Bombus equestris) caught 
by Mr. J. Stevens on board a steamer at sea, midway between Hamburg and Lowes- 
toft, and consequently about two hundred miles from land. 

Mr. Smith also exhibited two parasites found on Anobium paniceum, received from 
Dr. Power. The insects, which were a species of Pteromalus, had been found by that 
gentleman on the Anobia, bred in a preparation of a human arm which had been 
laid aside for some time. 

Mr. Janson observed that he had frequently met with Anobium paniceum asso- 
ciated with a minute Hymenopterous parasite closely resembling, he would not say 


133 


identical with that exhibited by Mr. Smith, in druggists’ shops, amongst pearl barley 
and coriander seed. 

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of the Rev. Mr. Hellins, drawings of the larvae of 
the nine British species of the genus Melanippe, admirably executed by Mr. W. Buckler. 
The larve delineated had in all instances been bred from the eggs, and were repre- 
sented both of the natural size and magnified. 

Mr. Bond exhibited some Lepidoptera from the Isle of Wight, including a 
fine example of Leucania vitellina, and the female of Agrotis cinerea, both 
captured by Mr. Rogers; and a beautiful series of Heliophobus hispida, taken by 
himself. 

Mr. Stevens communicated some extracts from a letter received by him from 
Mr. R. Trimen, on the Entomology of the Cape of Good Hope. 

Mr. Janson said that he was desirous of contradicting a report in circulation rela- 
tive to Donacia Comari, exhibited by him at the previous meeting as a species hitherto 
unrecorded as British, to the effect that it is described by the late Mr. Stephens under 
the name of Donacia Proteus, and had therefore been Jong known as indigenous. He 
stated that the facts are simply as follows. First, Stephens’ Latin diagnosis of D. 
Proteus is copied verbatim from Kunze; his description is an abridged translation from 
the same author. Secondly, 1). Proteus of Kunze is identical with D. sericea of Lin- 
neus, and has been cited on all hands for the past twenty years as a synonym of that 
species. Thirdly, D. sericea of Linneus and D. Comari of Ahrens and Suffrian 
(D. sericea, Ahrens olim nec Linn.) being a distinct species it is obvious that Stephens’ 
description cannot refer to D, Comari. Moreover the “ prominent anterior angles of 
the thorax ” of Stephens’ description of D. Proteus apply incontestably to D. sericea 
of Linneus and not to D. Comari, which has those angles obtuse and deflexed. 


Supposed new Species of Nonagria. 


Dr. Knaggs exhibited some specimens of an undescribed species of Nonagria? 
taken at Folkestone, and read the following remarks and description :-— 


“It may be recollected that specimens of Nonagria concolor were taken for the 
first time in this country at Whittlesea Mere, in the year 1849, and for the last time, 
in the same locality, in 1850. The spot was afterwards destroyed by fire, and subse- 
quently cultivated, since which the insect has been seen no more. Its time of appear- 
ance was June, and it came to‘ sugar.’ In 1859, at Folkestone, I captured specimens 
of a Nonagria which bore considerable resemblance to this species, and which was 
returned by M. Guenée as N. concolor. Through the kindness of my friends Messrs. 
Doubleday and Bond, who have lent me specimens of the true N. concolor for com- 
parison, I am enabled to give the following characteristics, which I think justify the 
acceptance of my specimens as a species totally distinct from Nonagria concolor, and 
new to Science. In the following remarks I shall designate my specimens Nonagria 
Bondii. 

“In addition to the larger size of Nonagria Bondii, and the difference in colour, 
the fore wings being constantly paler, the hind wings darker in N. Bondii than in N. 
concolor, there are other distinguishing characters. In shape N. concolor approaches 
that of a Glea, N. Bondii that of a Noctua; for instance, the costa of the fore wings 
in N. concolor presents from the base to the middle a convex curve, and for the rest * 
is straight, or if anything even slightly coucave ; while in N. Bondii there is a gradual 


134 


convex curve frum base to apex; if there is any straightness or approach to concavity 
it is on the basal side of the middle of the costa. Again, the hind margin of the fore 
wings is considerably more angulated in N. concolor than in N. Bondii; in the latter 
the curve is much less abrupt, gradual, and in some cases inappreciable. The costa 
and inner margin are also more parallel in N. concolor, and there is consequently less 
breadth of the fore wings from the costa to the anal angle; and the breadth at the 
insertion seems also greater in proportion in N. concolor than in N. Bondii. The 
hind wings are much more oval in N. Bondii, and are devoid of a concave notch a little 
below the costa which is constant in N. concolor. The general appearance of 
N. Bondii is much more slender than that of N. concolor, especially as regards the 
proportionate size of the thorax. The antenne are much longer, legs darker, larger 
and much less hairy in N. Bondii than in N. concolor, indeed in the former the legs 
are comparatively almost naked. With respect to markings, there is a constant dotted 
line more or less distinct at the insertion of the cilia in the fore wings of N. concolor, 
totally wanting in N. Bondii. There is on the other hand a constant shade in the 
centre of the hind wings in N. Bondii, absent in N. concolor; and while the under 
surface of the fore wings is dark sooty gray in N. Bondii, it is pale brownish gray in 
N. concolor; this, too, applies to a certain extent to the under side of the hind wings, 
in which however other differences are visible. The palpi of N. concolor are larger, 
stouter and much more thickly clothed with scales than in N. Bondii, although the 
latter is the larger insect, and the palpal scales show considerable difference re- 
spectively under the microscope. The down from the tippet is very diagnostic under 
the microscope in N. concolor; each scale at its free end is notched with four or five 
deep serrations, while in N. Bondii these serrations are either entirely wanting or there 
are two very slight lateral serrations. Scales, from corresponding points in the wings 
of the respective species, present considerable differences, but owing to the difficulty of 
obtaining them all of the same size their comparison is not so satisfactory as I could 
wish. 

“The above microscopic observations were made from insects of the same sex, 
namely, females; and when to these it is added that N. concolor used to appear from 
the beginning to the middle of June, mine from the end of June to the end of July; 
that N. concolor is a fen insect, mine a coast insect ; that N. concolor used to ‘ come 
to sugar,’ whereas I never knew N. Bondii to do so until the second flight (about 
11.30 p.m.), I think that I have some reason in bringing this forward as a distinct 
species ; and as it is on all sides admitted that if not N. concolor it is new to Science, 
I beg to maintain the latter, and propose for my insect the name of 


Nonacria ? Bonpit. 


Alis anticis amplioribus, ovato-triangularibus concoloribus osseo-albis, serie punc- 
torum semicirculari inter marginem posteriorem mediumque ducta, subtus 
tenebrosis ; alis posticis ovatis fumeo-cinereis umbra centrali tinctis ; fimbriis 
candidis; thorace et abdomine tenuibus ; antennis longioribus. 

Exp. al. 1 in. 2 lin. ad 1 in. 33 lin.” 


Ravages of Hylobius Abietis. 


Mr. Janson communicated the following extracts from a letter which he had 
addressed to Mr. Walter Elliott, of Wolfelee, Hawick, N.B., in reply to his request 


135 


for information relative to the economy of Hylobius Abietis, and the plans best 
adapted to arrest the ravages of this beetle :— 


** London, Sept. 18, 1860. 

“My dear Sir,— Your favour, accompanied by specimens of Hylobius Abietis and 
twigs of larch from which they had gnawn the bark, reached me in due course on the 
3rd. The interesting remarks on the ravages of the beetle, and the specimens, were 
communicated to the Society at its meeting on the same evening, and an account will 
appear in the ‘ Proceedings.’ 

“ Having ransacked such foreign works as I possess which treat on insects inju- 
rious to foresters, for information respecting the Hylobius, the following memoranda 
will perhaps prove not altogether unacceptable. 

“ This beetle appears to attack indiscrimately ail the species of fir cultivated in 
Germany, preferring however, according to Ratzeburg, Pinus sylvaticus and P. abies. 
In countries where firs are not grown this insect seems to be unknown. 

“Tt is the perfect insect alone which is directly injurious. It gnaws the young 
shoots, causing them to wither. The extremities of a tree thus attacked (the most 
vigorous and healthy trees are invariably selected by the beetle) several years in suc- 
cession, sickness and death inevitably ensue; in dry seasons especially, the mischief 
this beetle occasions in fir woods where it abounds, is almost incredible. 

“The perfect beetles emerge from May to October, and copulation takes place 
from the period first named to about the end of June, but is rarely witnessed later in 
the year: the beetles which make their appearance after this time hybernate, and do 
not copulate until the ensuing spring. The female deposits her eggs, and the larve 
subsist, either in the stems of sickly or dead, standing or felled trees, or in the stumps 
and roots of those which have been felled remaining in the ground, and are therefore 
scarcely to be considered as directly injurious. Hence it will be obvious that by grub- 
bing up all stumps, and keeping the plantations cleared of all sickly and dead trees, 
an important step will be made towards reducing the numbers of the beetles. All 
timber should be barked as soon after it is felled as practicable, as the females lay 
their eggs in the bark only. All dead branches likewise should be lopped off close to 
the stem. 

“Ratzeburg mentions several plans adopted in Germany for entrapping the 
beetles: of these the most successful appear to be— 

“1, Pits and trenches with perpendicular sides, dug at frequent intervals round 
the plantations and along the sides of the paths or road-ways, into which the beetles 
fall or fly, and from which, being unable to escape, they are to be taken and destroyed. 

“2. Bunches of young fir boughs laid about the plantations or in the pits. These 
are to be shaken daily over cloths, and the beetles collected and destroyed. As soon 
as the boughs commence to dry they prove unattractive, and must be replaced by 
fresh ones. Ratzeburg informs us that 2500 beetles have been taken daily from 100 
of these bunches or bundles. 

“©3. Strips of fresh fir bark strewn about the plantations with the inner surface 
downwards allure the beetles in great numbers ; on lifting these the insects are found 
congregated upon and beneath them. 


“ T remain, &c., 


“ Epwarp W. Janson. 
“To W, Elliott, Esq.” 


136 


Notes on the Habits of a Species of Mantis found at the Cape of Good Hope. 


Mr. Smith read the following communication from Mr. Trimen :— 


“A Mantis taken on May 13th has, during the two months just elapsed, con- 
structed four nests of eggs, at intervals of about a fortnight. I had the pleasure of 
seeing her construct one of these, and was rather surprised at her method of pro- 
ceeding. I used to fancy that the eggs were arranged first, and the structure coated 
over with cement afterwards ; but I found this to be a great mistake. The insect is 
grass-green, mandibles scarlet, fore tibia and tarsi yellow, and band along the abdo- 
men crimson and white. The nest is constructed all in a mass, that is to say, the eggs 
as they emerge are completely imbedded in a frothy cement so as to be invisible. The 
emission of the mingled eggs and cement is incessant, and the structure is shaped as 
it proceeds by the extremity of the abdomen and a sharp trowel-like organ which pro- 
trudes from within the abdomen, while the two external filamentous anal appendages 
are constantly moving over the surface as if to smooth it. The peculiar projection at 
one end of the nest is the finishing pvint, and the insect, as if aware that it would drop 
off if left immediately after formation, sustains the little horn-like process between its 
anal plates for some minutes, until sufficiently solidified to sustain itself in position, 
I cannot imagine the use of this curious projection, unless it is to frighten marauding 
insects or other enemies from devouring the eggs. The eggs, when the cement has 
dried, give the nest a ribbed appearance: the structure is remarkably firm and hard 
when dry. The four nests are as nearly as possible of the same size, and of precisely 
similar shape. 

“The manner of devouring the house-flies I feed my Mantide with is 
peculiarly remorseless and sanguinary. Once having seized its prey, with a sudden, 
embracing stroke of one or both of its powerful fore legs, the Mantis conveys it 
to its mouth, and immediately commences to devour it. There is no preparatory 
wounding or stupefying of the unfortunate victim; the devourer eats regularly down, 
generally commencing at the eyes, the unfortunate fly struggling to the last bit of 
muscle he has left; the fly’s legs are always devoured, his wings but rarely. The 
Mantis when hungry would catch and eat portions of ‘ bluebottles, but generally 
dropped it half-devoured, and always if I introduced an ordinary fly. One very large 
Musca vomitoria that the Mantis attacked, after she had just finished a nest, actually 
dragged the Mantis round the box, she devouring the back of its thorax all the time! 
These remarks may probably have nothing but their accuracy to recommend 
them.” 


137 


November 5, 1860. 
J. W. Doves, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the 
donors:—‘ Patent Office Reports: Agriculture, for 1857, 1858, 1859; presented by 
the United States Government. ‘Twelfth Annual Report of the Ohio State Board of 
Agriculture, with an Abstract of the Proceedings of the Gounty Agricultural Societies 
to the General Assembly of Ohio: for the year 1857;’ by the Board. ‘ Annual 
Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, shewing the Opera- 
tions, Expenditures and Condition of the Institution for the year 1858’; by the In- 
stitution. ‘ Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,’ Vol. vi., Sheets 
23—28; Vol. vii., Sheets 1—9; by the Society. ‘ Bibliographia librorum Entomolo- 
gicorum in America Boreali Editorum ;’ by the Author, W.Sharswood. ‘ Sitzungsbe- 
richte der Konig]. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen,’ 1860, Heft 
1 and 2; by the Academy. ‘ The Zoologist’ for November ; by the Editor. ‘Journal 
of the Society of Arts’ for October; by the Editor. ‘The Farm and the Garden, 
Vol. ii. Nos. 19—21; by C. A. Wilson, Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for October; by the 
Editor. ‘Dela Chasse des Hymenoptéres ;’ by the Author, Dr. Sichel. ‘ The Jour- 
nal of Entomology,’ No. 2; by the Proprietors. Four specimens of Heliophobus his- 
pidus ; by F. Bond, Esq. 


Exhibitions. 


The President exhibited Mycetoporus angularis, Rey and Mulsant, a species not 
hitherto announced as British, which he had taken in the mud on the coast near 
Shoreham, Sussex, on the 7th ult.: he observed that the above authors described the 
sixth segment of the abdomen in this insect as testaceous-brown, which did not agree 
with his examples; the insect had been previously taken by Dr. Power and Mr. 
Waterhouse. 

Dr. Power sent for exhibition the following British Coleoptera, with the accom- 
panying remarks :— 

Mycetoporus angularis, Rey and Muls. Cambridge, 1833. I have seen many 
other specimens in possession of Messrs. Waterhouse, Douglas, Brewer, &c. 

Quedius infuscatus, Erich. Sent to me by Mr. Crotch for determination. Said 
to be found about nests of Formica fusca. 

Ammecius brevis, Erich. Taken by Mr. Hayward on the sands at Southport. 

These three insects, I believe, have not hitherto been announced as British. 

Sphindus Gyllenhalli, Chev. Taken by C. Turner, in a fungus in the New 
Forest. This insect is figured by Spry and Shuckard, and described as found in Sher- 
wood Forest, but does not occur in Stephens or any of our Catalogues ; fetes: have 
seen any British specimens except this. 

Rhizophagus nitidulus, Erich. Scotland. Distinguished from R. dispar, which I 
have placed below it for compariscn, by its larger size, cylindrical aud convex form, 
the red band at base of the elytra, and especially by the last segment of the abdomen 
being deeply impressed beneath. 

U 


138 


Lemophleus bimaculatus, Payk. New Forest, August, 1860. 

Oxyleamus variolosus, Duf. Taken by myself from rotten fungus grown on a stump 
at Holme Bush, May, 1860. } 

Hetarius sesquicornis. Interesting as taken by myself from a new locality 
(Weybridge), in the autumn (October, 1860), and from nests of F. rafa, instead of 
those of F. fusca, as at the only other known locality, Hampstead. 

Leptinus testaceus. Near London, October, 1860. 

Batrisus venustus. Near Croydon, under bark, October, 1860. 

Mycetoporus punctus, Erich. Near London, October, 1860. 

Philonthus splendidulus, Erich. Scotland, 1860. Possibly sometimes confounded 
with P. aterrimus, but easily, distinguished by having only five thoracic punctures and 
pale antenne. 

Platyderus dissectus. Taken by the Rev. A. H. Matthews near Nottingham. 


Mr. M‘Lachlan sent for exhibition a specimen of a new British species of 
Phryganidex (Limnophilus borealis of Zetterstedi), identified from a specimen in the 
foreign collection in the British Museum, from Dr. Hagen; also an example of 
Agrypnia Pagetana (Curtis), taken originally near Yarmouth, and of which very few 
British specimens are known. Both of these species were taken by Mr. Winter in the 
Ranworth Fens. 

Mr. John Scott exhibited the following Coleoptera, recently captured by him- 
self; — 


Leptinus testaceus. Taken in the London district. 
Mycetoporus punctus. Ditto. : 
Philonthus splendidulus. Under bark of oak, at Abergavenny. 
Omosita depressa. Under bark, at Crwmlyn. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited some splendid Coleoptera, lately received from M. Moubot, 
captured by him in Cambodia; amongst them may be mentioned both sexes of 
Baladeva Walkeri, first described and figured in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Society, 
and the female, hitherto unknown; a magnificent new Buprestis, equal in size to the 
largest known species of the family; and a splendid smaller species, also new, and 
both unique. Mr. Stevens also called attention to some fine new Longicorns and 
Anthribide in the collection. 

Mr. Janson exhibited the following Coleoptera, not previously recorded as natives 
of Britain, viz. Bradycellus harpalinus, Dej., Mycetoporus angularis, Muls., and 
Hylastes cunicularius (Anoch.), Erie. 

Mr. Janson also exhibited the nest of a Hymenupterous insect, apparently a 
species of Pelopeus, which had been found inside a grand piano-forte sent home 
from Ceylon to Messrs. Collard & Co., for repairs. 


Mr. Waterhouse read a paper intituled “ Notes on Chrysomelide in the Linnean 
and Banksian Collections.” 

Mr. Walker read “ Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera in the Collection of 
W. Wilson Saunders, Esq.” 

Part vii. of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table. 


139 


December 3, 1860. 


J.W. Dovatas, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to 
the donors :—‘* Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ 
Tomes xi., xii. and xiii. ‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ 
1859, Parts 2, 3 and 4; 1860, Part 1 ; presented by the Society. ‘ Bibliotheca His- 
torico-Naturalis,’ Vol. x. Part 1; by the Author, E. Zuckold, Esq. ‘ Tijdschrift 
voor Entomologie,’ Vol. iii. Parts 4,5 and 6; by the Entomological Society of the 
Netherlands. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ Vol. xxi. Nos. 10,11 and 12; by 
the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘Journal of the ‘ Proceedings of the Linnean 
Society,’ Vol. v. No. 18; by the Society.‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ 
Vol. viii., and Nos. 205—217 ; by the Editor. ‘The Zoologist’ for December ; by the 
Editor. ‘ Mein Aufenthalt auf Taiti;’ ‘ Reise von Shanghai bis Sidney ; ‘ Beitrag 
zur Fauna Dalmatien’s; ‘ Ueber die ersten Stande von Plinthus Megerlei, Pz.; 
‘Mein Aufenthalt in Rio Janeiro; ‘ Beitrag zur Insectengeschichte ;’ ‘ Ueber einen 
bisher verkannten Laufkafer, beschrieben von L. Miller: und einen neuen augenlosen 
Russelkafer, beschrieben von F.Schmidt: ferner einige von Schmidt in Schischka 
neu entdeckte Hohlenthiere ; ‘ Beobachtungen uber die Entwicklungsgeschichte der 
Chionea aranevides von Dr. J. Egger und G. Frauenfeld, nebst Anatomie des Insectes 
und der Larve von Dr. F. Brauer ; ‘ Ueber die Sommerbeschaftigung eines Theiles 
der Bewohner des Wienerwaldes, St. Paul,’ Parts 1 & 2; ‘ Bericht des Henn Custos- 
adjuncten G. Frauenfeld uber den Erfolg der ihm gewordenen Mission die Weltum- 
segelungs-expedition S.M. fregate ‘ Novara’ als Zoologe zu begleiten ; ‘ Ausflug nach 
dem Adamspik auf Ceylon ;’ ‘ Notizen wber die Fauna Hongkong’s und Schanghai’s ;’ 
‘Notizen gesammelt wahrend meines aufenthaltes auf Neuholland, Neuseeland, und 
Taiti;’ presented by G. Frauenfeld. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for 
November; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for November ; by the Editor. ‘ List 
of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,’ 
by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part 21, Geometrites (continued) ; by the Author. 


Election of a Member. 


Mons. Henri de Bonvouloir, of No. 15, Rue de Université, Paris, was balloted for 
and elected a Member of the Society. 


The President announced that Mr. W. W. Saunders had kindly undertaken to 
receive the subscriptions from members of the Entomological Society of France resi- 
‘dent in this country, and that the ‘ Annales’ of that Society would be forwarded to 
him, and be delivered to members so paying, at his office, No. 13, Copthall Court, 
London. 

Exhibitions. 


Mr. Stevens exhibited some Coleoptera sent from Ceram by Mr. Wallace, in- 
cluding Eucheirus longimanus, Monohammus Grayii, and other fine species. 

Mr. King exhibited a singular variety of Camptogramma bilineata, and two spe- 
cimens of Leucania putrescens taken near Torquay. 


140 


The Rev. A. R. Hogan exhibited specimens of Niphargus Kochianus, Spence Baie, 
a species of well-shrimp discovered by him, along with two other new species, at 
Ringwood, in the New Forest. They were afterwards found in several other places, 
those before the Meeting being from Upper Clatford, near Andover. One of the 
most remarkable facts connected with Niphargi was their occurrence in recently-sunk 
wells; they have in move than one instance been drawn up in large numbers by pumps 
not two years’s sunk. Their organization is of a very high character, but most of the 
species, both in this country and on the Continent, are destitute of eyes. When in 
captivity the movements of these Crustacea are exceedingly interesting, being grace- 
ful and active, as well as peculiar; but there is great difficulty in keeping them alive 
for any length of time, owing to their sensitiveness to temperature; a very cold 
atmosphere at once deprives them of life. The limbs are also very fragile ; so that it 
is difficult to transmit them with safety by post. The size of the largest species as yet 
found in England, N. fontanus, reaches about half an inch. A description of the 
British Niphargi and of their habits was made public in the ‘ Natural History Review 
and Quarterly Journal of Science’ for 1859, in papers by C. Spence Bate, Esq., and 
the Rev. A. R. Hogan; and a more complete account will be given in the British 
Museum ‘ Catalogue of Crustacea, now in the press. 

Mr. Hogan also exhibited a female specimen of Chirocephalus diaphanus, taken 
at Shaftesbury, in Dorsetshire, last summer, furnishing a new locality for one of our 
largest and most beautiful fresh-water Crustaceans. 

Mr. Lubbock said he was very glad to see some exhibitions which were a little out 
of the ordinary course. Both the animals now exhibited by Mr. Hogan appeared to 
be very local. He had himself some time ago brought to a meeting of the Society 
some blind shrimps from a well at Brighton, and some specimens of Chirocephalus 
diaphanus from a pond in Kent, between Bromley and Sevenoaks. He believed that 
the present was the most northern locality in which this beautiful and interesting 
Crustacean had hitherto been found. 

Mr. Lubbock then exhibited some specimens of Campodea Staphylinus, Westw., 
which he at first supposed to be Neuropterous larve. They were found under slices 
of turnip which had been placed as a trap for Myriapods. 

Mr. Lubbock also exhibited some specimens of Spherularia Bombi, a parasite of 
the humble-bee, which was first discovered by M. Leon Dufour, and subsequently 
observed by Siebold. Mr. Lubbock stated that he had himself found these parasites 
in the females of every species of Bombus which he had examined. As the mature 
form of this parasite only is known, he was very anxious to obtain some Bombi during 
the winter, in order to determine, if possible, the process of development, and to 
throw some light on the manner in which the young parasites effect an entrance into 
their victims: he should therefore be much obliged to those entomologists who would 
forward to him any hybernating Bombi which might be found while searching for 
insects during the winter months. 

Mr. Westwood exhibited a singularly pale variety of Alcis repandata, taken by Mr. 
Daubeny, of Magdalen College, Oxford, the markings forming a link between the 
typical insect and the variety named “ conversaria” by Hubner, the subapical strige 
being very acutely undulated, and preceded by a large, nearly black patch. 

Mr. Westwood observed that his attention had recently been drawn to a specimen 
of Eristalis similis, Weig., presented to the Hopeian collection in Mr Well’s cabinet of 
British insects, in which the head is entirely enveloped in the thin, semitransparent 


14] 


pellicle forming the true pupa-skin ; the upper part of the head being, moreover, sur- 
mounted by the transverse Junate piece of the indurated head-covering of the larva, 
through which the two horns of the so-called pupa bad been protruded. | This lunate 
piece is represented by Reaumur (Mém. iv. pl. 33, fig. 6, d,d); and as, in looking at 
the head from the front, the open space between the upper part of the pellicle and the 
lunate piece is seen to be traversed by two internal prolongations of the horns, ex- 
tending to the pellicle itself, it seemed not improbable that these two horns are the 
antenna-cases. 

Mr. Westwood further directed attention to the statement made by Mr. Curtis, 
that the death’s-head moth, on emerging from the chrysalis, has its legs enveloped in 
thin pellicles, subsequently cast off; and suggested whether this pellicle was not ana- 
logous to the thin skin cast by the May flies after their first flight, and which appears 
equally to be identical with the thin pellicle covering the bodies of the pup of coarc- 
tate Diptera, such as that of the Eristalis mentioned above. Monsters of this kind 
are of great rarity, a Noctua described by Miller (‘ Naturforscher, St. xiv. pl. 4, figs. 
1—3), and a butterfly, Nymphalis Populi, figured by Wesmael (Bull. Acad. Bruxelles, 
t. iv. No. 8), being the only recorded instances. A Dytiscus, however, in Mr. Bowring’s 
collection, and an Emperor moth in Mr. Stephens’s cabinet in the British Museum, 
also agree with the preceding, retaining, in the perfect state, the head-covering of the 
larva. 

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited two species of Donacia which he had compared with 
the Leptura aquatica and L. sericea of the Linnean collection. The latter is the 
Donacia sericea of modern authors; the L. aquatica of Linneus differs in being a 
rather shorter and stouter insect. In D. sericea the thorax is broadest in front, and 
considerably contracted behind the middle: the anterior angles are as prominent as 
the lateral hump or swelling which lies immediately behind them. In L. aquatica the 
thorax is rather shorter, nearly quadrate, less contracted behind ; the anterior angles 
are not so prominent as the lateral hump, and this hump is rather smaller; the surface 
of the thorax is more rugulose, and the dorsal impression is more distinct. In 
D. sericea the ‘third joint of the antenne is elongate-obconic, and decidedly longer 
than the second ; whilst in L. aquatica the third joint of the antenne is short-obconic, 
and very little exceeds the second in jength. In both sexes the antenne are longer in 
D. sericea than in L. aquatica; the legs are also rather longer. In L. aquatica the 
tooth to the hind femora is stouter, and the joints of the tarsi are shorter and broader. 
Such are the differences which present themselves upon comparing the insect exhibited 
to the Society, as being similar to the L. aquatica of the Linnean collection, with the 
Donacia sericea. Mr. Waterhouse could not say whether these differences are all of 
them constant. The specimen exhibited was taken at Rannoch, in Perthshire. 

Mr. Waterhouse observed that since the last Meeting he had examined certain 
Casside in the Linnean collection which might be referred to British species. They 
were :— 


1. Cassida viridis. This is not, as has by many been supposed, the C. equestris, 
but is the species commonly found by us on thistles, having acute posterior angles to 
the thorax, and punctate striz to the elytra. == C. rubiginosa of Bohemann. 

2. C. nebulosa = C. nebulosa of Bohem. 

3. C. Murrea = C. murrea of Bohem. The rufous-brown variety. 

4, C. maculata = C. murrea of Bohem. The green variety. 

5. C. nobilis = C. obsoleta of Bohem, Has the margins of the elytra reflexed, 


142 


the alternate interstices of the striz of the elytra slightly raised, and the region of the 
scutelium depressed. 

6. Cassida Vitex = C. nobilis of Bohem. The specimen is apparently discoloured ; 
the whole dorsal surface of the elytra is darkish brown, if we except the second inter- 
stice, which is pale, and which no doubt, in the living insect, was occupied by the 
bright gveen stripe ; the dark colour occupying the first interstice and the 3rd and 4th 
interstices of the striw, but stopping considerably short of the apex ; the remaining 
upper parts are paler: the under parts are black, the sides of the abdomen rather nar- 
rowly edged, and the apex very narrowly edged with pale. The thighs are black, 
excepting at the apex, and the tibie and tarsi are piceo-testaceous (the anterior tibie 
piceous), which is unusual. The expanded margins of the elytra are deflexed. 
Mr. Waterhouse considered that this must have been the C. nobilis of the ‘ Fauna 
Suecica,’ and does not really represent that described by Linneus under the same 
name. 


Mr. Rye exhibited a specimen of Choleva spadicea found in a fungus at Coombe 
Wood. 

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some eggs of a Lepidopterous insect from which small Hy- 
menopterous parasites, apparently a species of Mymar, had emerged ; and some eggs 
of Sesia bembeciformis found deposited on a sallow-leaf. 

Mr. Stevens exhibited some small Staphylinide recently found in moss, including 
Eveesthetus scaber, Acidota cruentatus, Stenus fuscicornis? and Syntomium eneum. 


Mr. Waterhouse read a paper intituled “ Notes on the Species of Triplax of 
Stephens’s ‘ Illustrations’ and Collection.” 


January 7, 1861. 
J. W. Douetas, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Donations. 


The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented 
to the donors: —‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Vol. iii. Part 4; presented by 
the Entomological Society of the Netherlands. ‘ Abhandlungen de Mathemat- 
Physikalischen Classe der Koeniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,’ 
Vol. viii. Part 3. ‘ Denkrede auf Alexander von Humboldt ;’ ‘ Sitzungsberichte 
der Kénigl. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Minchen,’ 1860, Part 3; by 
the Academy. ‘Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring Jorden In- 
sekter, Parts 2 and 3; by the Académie Royale des Sciences de Stockholm. ‘ Papers 
and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania,’ Vol. iii. Part 2; ‘ Report of the 
Royal Society of Tasmania’ for 1858; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal 
Society, Vol. x. No. 41; by the Society. ‘ British Butterflies: Figures of every 
Native Species, with an Account of Butterfly-development, Structure, Habits, Localities, 
Mode of Captureand Preservation, &c.,’ by W. S. Coleman ; by the Publishers, Messrs. 
Routledge, Warne and Routledge. * Monograph of Halticide in the Collection of the 


143 


British Museum,’ by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.8., Physapodes and CE&di- 
podes, Part 1; by the Author. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 37 ; by W. W. Saunders, 
Esq. ‘The Zoologist’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of 
Arts’ for December ; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for December; by the Editor. 
* Catalogue of British Coleoptera, by G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &c., Sheets m 
and N, two copies; by the Author. ‘The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1861; ‘The 
Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 218 to 222 inelusive ; by H. T. Stainton, 
Esq. 

R Election of a Member, &c. 

Francis A. Jesse, Esq., of Lanbedr Hall, Derbyshire, was elected a Member; and 
W.F. Kirby, Esq., of 25, Albert Street, Mornington Crescent, and H. W. Bates, Esq., 
of King Street, Leicester, were elected Subscribers to the Society. 


Exhibitions, 

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited some splendid Papilios and other Lepidoptera sent from 
Ceram by Mr. Wallace. 

Mr, Shepherd exhibited a fine dark variety of Hemerophila abruptaria, taken near 
London. 

Mr. Bond exhibited some fine varieties of Dictyopteryx uliginosana and Gelechia 
snbdecurtella from the Cambridgeshire fens ; also a fine series of Gracillaria stigma- 
tella, one example being nearly pure white. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited an example of Setodes interrupta of Fabricius (non 
Stephens), taken near Taunton by Mr, Parfitt, in 1859; and remarked that this phry- 
ganidous insect may be considered as new to Britain, for although Fabricius, in 1792, 
indicated it as occurring in England, no one appears to have rediscovered it until now. 

The Rey. H. A. Pickard exhibited a specimen of Gonepteryx Rhamni, var. 
Cleopatra, taken by John Fellerton, Esq., at Thyrbergh Park, near Rotherham, on the 
27th of June, 1860, being the first recorded British example of this beautiful variety. 

Mr. Scott exhibited some specimens of Mycetophagus 4-guttatus, Muller. The 
species had been lately found in decaying pea-haulm, by Mr. Douglas and himself. 
In all about tifty specimens had been secured. 

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some eggs of Geometride from which hymenopterous para- 
sites had emerged. 

Mr. Westwood pronounced these parasites to be Platygaster Ovulorum. 

Mr. Gorham exhibited examples of Micropeplus staphylinoides, Marsham, and M. 
Margarite, Duval, and made the following remarks :—“T believe under the specific 
name of staphylinoides two species of Micropeplus have been generally mixed in Bri- 
lish collections; they are the true M. staphylinoides of Marsham, and M. Margarita of 
Duval. I have therefore attempted to point out the characters by which these species 
may be separated. In M. staphylinoides the elytra are scarcely a third louger than 
the thorax ; their sides are parallel, and the fourth segment of the abdomen is armed 
with an acute prominent crest: in M, Margarite the elytra are longer, being nearly 
half as long again as the thorax, their sides rounded, and the disk more convex than 
in M. stapbylinoides ; the fourth segment of the abdomen with a small and not con- 
spicuous tubercle. 1 also beg to call attention to the sexual characters which M. 
Duval has pointed out, but which appear to have escaped the notice of former authors, 
viz., the existence of a tooth on the tibie of the male. In M. staphylinoides the head 
of the male is produced into a tooth in front; that of the female is rounded: in M. 
Margarite the head of the male is more acutely toothed ; that of the female rounded, 


144 


Tn this respect they may both be separated from the nearly-allied species, M. longi- 
pennis, Araatz (M. staphylinoides, Atz., olim, nec Marsh.), which has the head 
rounded in front in both sexes.” 

Mr. Ellerton exhibited some pupa-cases of Cerura vinula, showing the thin mem- 
branous lining alluded to at the last Meeting of the Society. 

Mr. Westwoud remarked that these delicate white pellicles, seen attached to the 
inner surface of the cast skins of lepidopterous pupe, were probably identical with the 
skin said by Mr. Curtis to be cast by the death’s-head moth after assuming the perfect 
state. A more careful examination of these pellicles was, however, necessary, as the 
question really was whether the Lepidoptera on emerging from the pupa cast one or 
two envelopes,—whether, like the Ephemere, they were enveloped in two distinct 
skins, as indeed the statement of Mr. Curtis implied, thus partially resembling the 
coarctate Diptera, in which, however, the outer skin of the pupa is only the hardened 
ultimate skin of the larva ; or whether the limbs of Lepidoptera are not respectively 
enclosed in a single sheath, the outer surface of which becomes hardened by a glu- 
tinous secretion, by which the whole are fastened together into a solid mass. 

Mr. Fereday exhibited a living larva, apparently of Triphena pronuba, which had 
been found, a short time previously, lying on the snow with which the ground was 
then covered, and frozen quite hard, but on being removed tu a warm room quickly 
became active. 

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a new British species of Sevdmenus, and a series of the 
British Euplecti, and read some notes on their differential characters. 

Mr. Scott exhibited a new species of Coleophora, and read a description of it, pro- 
posing for it the specific name of Wilkinsoni, the insect having first been discovered 
by Mr. T. Wilkinson, at Scarborough. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan observed that he had found the larva-cases of this species at 
Dulwich Wood. 


How to cure Grease in Insects. 


Dr. Wallace read the following paper :— 

“The Rev. Joseph Greene has given us (Zool. 6692) his method of curing grease 
in insects. Other entomologists extract the interior of greasy bodies, with very fine 
scissors, at a subsequent period after setting, whenever signs of grease are evident. I 
propose another method, more economical of time, equally certain in action. 

“Small greasy insects—as Tineide, Tortricidae, Crambide, small Geometre, Py- 
ralide and Bombycide—lI soak entire in benzole. Of all large insects which may 
even be suspected of grease, having disarticulated the bodies from the thorax, and 
labelled according to the plan suggested by Mr. Greene—either of a year's capture or 
of many years’ collecting—I expose such (bodies) to the heat of the fire, on a cork 
placed at about six inches distance ; and if the grease has previously run into the 
thorax and spread over the wings, such parts must be further soaked in the manner 
above recommended for the smaller insects. By exposure on a cork to the fire, the 
grease, being liquefied and permeating the body, shows itself on the exterior, causing 
softening and a dark discoloration ; if no such action takes place there is no amount 
of grease in the interior of the body, and no need to slit open the body as hereafter 
described. Simple soaking for a few days in benzole will remove the small portion of 
grease which may be deposited on the exterior of the insect. 

“ When discoloration and softening ensue, I slit open the body on the under sur- 
face and soak in benzole for twenty-four hours; thev, taking say a hundred or more 


’ 


145 


bodies, I boil them as rapidly as possible in about an ounce or more of benzole (adding 
a little from time to time) in a water bath, which may be easily composed of a sauce- 
pan containing water, in which is placed the covered jar containing the benzole and 
the bodies. In this process that portion of benzole which had previously soaked into 
the interior of the slit body, having been brought into close relation with the grease so 
as to dissolve it, is very readily volatilised ; bubbles of gas are seen to effervesce rapidly 
from the body, currents of boiling benzole rush into and out of the slit body, and the 
grease is literally washed out. This may be best observed by boiling a single body 
with a drachm of benzole in a test-tube over a spirit lamp: but if the body be soaked, 
and not boiled, the benzole in the interior of the slit body dissolves the fat ; but, while 
drying, it percolates slowly through the substance of the body, and deposits again in 
the interior nearly the whole of the grease previously dissolved, that portion only being 
got rid of which, being on the exterior layers, is in immediate relation with a sur- 
rounding stratum of benzole. The quicker the boiling, the more readily is the grease 
washed out, but the greater the volatilisation of benzole. 

“The bodies are now removed from the hot liquid, washed with fresh benzole, 
dried on blotting paper, and if exposed again to the action of heat will show no signs 
of grease. It will be found necessary to test a single body from time to time, 
the period necessary to extract all the grease varying according to the rapidity of 
boiling, the strength and purity of the benzole, aud the amount of grease in the 
bodies. The bodies are finally attached each to its corresponding thorax with Canada 
balsam, liquid glue or gum. 

“‘T think I may safely state that insects thus treated will never grease again. 

‘“‘ This process may be performed in the winter months, when all greasy insects can 
be cleaned together. It is economical in time and labour, and thorough in its action : 
it interferes very little with the beauty of the insect. 

“‘ That the body is the sole seat of grease is shown by taking a fresh-dried speci- 
men of an insect liable to grease, as Nonagria Typhx. Disarticulating the body, 
expose both it and the thorax and wings to the same amount of heat; the body will 
quickly discolour; the rest of the insect will remain unchanged. Bodies, therefore, 
should be always heated, while the head, thorax and wings are as yet free from signs 
of grease. If any doubt occurs as to the question of grease in an insect, its presence 
is readily tested by the exhibition of the body on a cork placed about six inches dis- 
tant from the fire. Only very greasy bodies need be boiled; simple soaking will suffice 
for slight cases. When bodies are very small the passage of a pin breaks them unless 
soft with grease; I therefore prefer to soak the whole insect as above described.” 

Dr. Wallace subsequently boiled sume greasy bodies of Nonagria Typhe in ben- 
zole contained in a test-tube over a spirit-lamp, and exposed the bodies thus boiled, 
and others which had not been subjected to the process, to the heat of the fire: the 
former were unaffected by it, but the latter were rapidly discoloured and became soft. 


Mr. Westwood communicated some notes on the time of appearance, in the per- 
fect state, of Acherontia Atropos, furnished by Mr. W. Groves. 

Mr. M‘Lachlan read a paper intituled “ Notes on the Genera Mystacides and 
Setodes, in the second part of Kolenati’s ‘ Genera et Species Trichopterorum,’ with 
reference to the Species described in the works of Messrs. Curtis and Stephens.” 


146 


Anniversary Meeting, January 28, 1861. 


J. W. Doveras, Esq., President, in the chair. 


Messrs.’ J. W. Dunning, H. G. Knaggs, R. M‘Lachlan and G. R. Waterhouse, 
were elected members of the Council, in the room of Messrs. J. E. Gray, F. Grut, 
E. Sheppard, and S. J. Wilkinson. 

J. W. Douglas, Esq., was re-elected President; S. Stevens, Esq., Treasurer ; and 
Messrs. E. Shepherd and E. W. Janson, Secretaries. 

The Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee, made to and adopted by the 
Council as their Report to the Society, was read and received. 

The President delivered an Address on the state and future prospects of the 
Society and entomological Science, for which the Meeting passed a cordial vote of 
thanks, and ordered it to be printed in the Society’s ‘ Proceedings.’ 

A vote of thanks to the retiring Members of the Council was also passed. 


Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee, adopted by the Council as their 
Report to the Anniversary Meeting, 1861. 


We have the satisfaction of stating that our Collections and Library continue in 
good preservation. 

In our Report last year we alluded to the very unsatisfactory condition of our 
Collections of British Coleoptera and other orders, and appealed to our Members to 
assist in rearranging them in accordance with the modern classifications and nomen- 
clatures: as no response has yet been made to that appeal, we would suggest the 
propriety of employing some person, if such can be found, able and willing to under- 
take the task, feeling confident that were the collections properly arranged they would 
speedily be greatly enriched by donations of specimens from those Members who are 
engaged in the study of the various groups and orders, and facilitate the study of 
British Entomology generally. 

We would therefore suggest that the sum of ten pounds be expended in repapering 
the drawers and rearranging the Collection of Coleoptera, and that the specimens 
presented to the Society by the Rev. W. Kirby be arranged separately, as was done 
in the case of the Lepidoptera. 

J.W. DOUGLAS, President. 
W. WILSON SAUNDERS. 
F. P. PASCOE. 
FREDERICK SMITH. 
EDWIN SHEPHERD. 


147 


THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 


GENTLEMEN, 

Our By-Laws provide that at the Anniversary Meeting the 
Society ‘‘shall receive from the Council, and hear read, the Annual 
Report on the general concerns of the Society.” But our constitu- 
tion says nothing about an Address to be delivered by the President, 
and therefore the President for the time being would not fail in his 
prescribed duties if he did not say a word at the Anniversary 
Meeting about the affairs of the Society or the progress of Ento- 
mology. Yet it has apparently been deemed necessary that the 
President should make some such statement, and the way in which 
in different years this has been done is very various. Some addresses 
have been extemporary, some have been very short, and others very 
elaborate: what I now purpose to say will not come under either of 
these heads, and if the few observations I have to make serve no 
other purpose they will at least fill up the time that must necessarily 
elapse while the ballots remain open. 


Finance. 


First, then, I take our finance, for finance is at the root of all 
material prosperity. Our Treasurer’s account shows the receipts of 
last year (including the balance in hand) to have been £288 12s. 834d., 
and the payments £183 8s. 6d., leaving a balance of £105 4s. 23d.; 
add to this “Arrears of subscription due £9 9s.,” the balance 
becomes £114 13s. 23d., from which must be deducted “ Amounts 
due at Chrismas, £48 17s. 3d.,” making the true balance in favour 
of the Society £65 15s. 113d. Contrasted with the balance of last 
year, £49 13s. 2d., this appears favourable, but it must be recollected 
that we have brought out but three, instead of four, parts of ‘ Trans- 

actions’ during the year. ‘The actual income of the Society for the 
year was £158 5s. 63d., and the expenditure £165 4s. 3d.; so that, 
though we have not gone much beyond our revenue, yet an increased 
income, such as I believe we might easily attain by the method I 


148 


shall presently point out, would be entirely devoted to the publication 
of papers in the ‘ Transactions.’ 

There is one item in our balance-sheet to which I feel bound to 
draw particular attention. The cost of “Tea” amounts to £138 13s., 
and the receipts on account thereof to only £5. This item of 
“Tea” has always been a vexed question amongst us: many times 
has it been brought under the consideration of the Council and the 
Society, always with the result that it was not desirable to discontinue 
to provide it, and that to defray its cost a special subscription should 
be relied upon. Year by year this subscription becomes less, and 
the names of the subscribers fewer, and it seems to me that as the 
amount has at last become so small, and there is really no authority 
to pay for tea out of the income of the Society, that if the Members 
generally do not think fit to subscribe a fund to cover the expense, 
it would be better to determine that tea shall no longer be provided. 
A small contribution from each of the Members attending the 
meetings would be sufficient to defray the cost and keep us on a level 
with other Societies, but if the subscription this year does not make 
up the required sum, it will be the duty of the Council to see that 
the Society’s funds are no longer burdened with an outlay for which 
they are not intended, and of which Members not resident in or near 
London may fairly complain. 


Election of Members. 


During the past year we have elected two Honorary Members, 
viz. Dr. Schaum, of Berlin, and M. Léon Dufour, of Saint Sever, 
France. We have also elected five Members, viz. M. Bigot, 
M. Bonvouloir, M. Candéze, M. Deyrolle, F. A. Jesse, Esq., and 
seven Subscribers, viz. H. W. Bates, Esq., A. E. Crafter, Esq:, 
J. Ellerton, Esq., W. Kirby, Esq., C. Miller, Esq., G. Seaton, Esq., 
J. C. Young, Esq. On the other hand, we have lost by resignation 
three Members, viz. Dr. Adams, H. Ansell, Esq., and C. P. Melly, 
Ksq., and two Subscribers, viz.. H. W. Brown, Esq., and J. Sang, 
Esq. 

Obituary. 


Death has not thinned our ranks during the last year, but he has 
called away one of our oldest entomologists, who had outlived his 
generation and still lingered amongst us. Bracy Clark died on the 
16th of December, in his ninetieth year, and, although not a Member 
of this Society, yet as a veteran of the Linnean school and the father 


e 


149 


of the Linnean Society, his departure calls for a record of our 
respect. Mr. Clark published several papers in the ‘ Linnean Trans- 
actions’ on the genus Cistrus, the first of which is dated 1797, and 
he also contributed papers on the same subject to the ‘ Zoologist.’ 
His only separate work was an ‘ Essay on the Bots of Horses and 
other Animals,’ 1815. 


Library and Collection. 


During the past year our library has received accessions of many 
valuable works, and although still wanting in several books I should 
like to see on its shelves, we yet possess a very good collection of 
entomological literature. As you have already learned, by the Report 
of the Council read to-night, the Council have determined to put the 
Society’s Collection of British Insects into good working order, 
beginning with the Coleoptera; and as it is very desirable not only 
to make the collection as complete as possible, but to have fresh 
specimens, I appeal to the Members who collect Coleoptera to supply 
our cabinets from their duplicate stores with recent examples of even 
the common species. I am persuaded they could in no better manner 
make use of the specimens which at present encumber their boxes, 


‘both with reierence to the benefit that would thereby be conferred 


upon young students, and upon the Society as an association whose 
aim is to advance and diffuse entomological Science. 


Monthly Meetings. 


The interest attending our monthly meetings does not abate; on 
every occasion we have exhibitions of new or rare insects, and 
remarks or discussions thereupon, or upon some subject brought 
before us. ‘T'o these I need not more particularly allude, as they 
are of such recent date, and are duly reported in our ‘ Proceedings,’ 
and if every one will do his best to bring matter before this Society 
the interest of our meetings will continue. Several valuable scientific 
papers have also been read before us, to which, as they have been or 
will be published in our ‘ Transactions,’ and I shall mention most of 
them hereafter, I do not now do more than refer to, except to say 
that thev show that the attention of English entomologists is being 
turned to other orders than Lepidoptera and Coleoptera,—a cheering 
indication of the progress of Entomology amongst us. 


150 


New Apartments. 


At the last Anniversary Meeting the Chairman dwelt upon the 
inadequate size of our meeting-room, and, the pressure on our space 
having continued, the Council have determined to remove us to 
larger premises in a central situation, so that within six months from 
this date I hope to take the chair in a meeting-room where we may 
breathe freely; and I trust that the expense to which the Society 
will be put by the removal will be repaid by the addition of many 
new Members. To advertise “ crowded houses” may be a successful 
attraction for a theatre to use, but, for our more sober recreation, we 
are about to try the announcement of “room to spare,” and surely 
with this inducement to attend our meetings, a central locality, an 
excellent library, an improving collection of insects, and the free 
distribution of our ‘ Transactions’ to every Member, we ought to add 
largely to our numbers. I hope therefore that every one of us will 
make known these advantages as widely as possible, and if each 
individual would, as I think he might, induce but one new Member 
to join us, the advantages to the Society and to Science would be 
very great. 


‘ British Museum Collections. 


Dr. Gray has kindly furnished me with the following particulars 
respecting the collections in the British Museum :— 

“The total number of specimens of Annulosa added during the 
year 1860 has been 15,101, of which 720 are British: 11,466 were 
purchased and 3635 presented. The principal donors to whom we 
are indebted for specimens of British insects are F. Bond, Esq., 
Henry Cooke, Esq., R. M‘Lachlan, Esq., B. Piffard, Esq., Dr. Knaggs, 
Dr. Power, Roland Trimen, Esq.” 

In the note conveying the above particulars Mr. F. Smith adds 
the following remarks :— 

“The desirability of a complete collection of British insects being 
accessible in the British Museum, I think will be obvious to all, and 
I think it not unlikely that British entomologists will shortly unite 
for the purpose of forming one. I have heard of such a scheme being 
on foot amongst our principal Coleopterists, and I would call atten- 
tion to this in order to stimulate Lepidopterists into a similar under- 
taking. I hope by this time next year to have to report that 


151 : 


our collection of British Coleoptera is the most complete in the 
country.” 


I cordially endorse this statement; I do not think the plan pro- 
pounded will at all clash with my appeal for insects for this Society’s 
collection, and I believe not only will there be material forthcoming 
for both collections, but that the two may each have its sphere of 
usefulness. For, as the Museum closes at four o’clock in winter and 
at six in summer, only those persons who can go there in the day- 
time can avail themselves of its advantages, whereas our collections 
are accessible until seven o’clock every Monday throughout the year, 
and thus those of our Members who are engaged in business during 
the day, and I think they are the majority, have here opportunities 
of examining and comparing insects which the Museum cannot 
afford, the types, moreover, being their own property; therefore I 
wish both plans success. 


The Hopeian Collection, &c., at Oxford. 


The Hopeian Collection of Insects, presented eleven years ago to 
the University of Oxford, is rich in exotic species, especially from 
India, New Holland and Africa, and containing extensive series of 
types described by their several authors,—e. g. Cetoniade and Bu- 
prestide, by Gory; Curculionide, by Schénherr; Orthoptera (Mar- 
chal’s entire collection), by Serville ; Ichneumonide, by Gravenhorst ; 
Chalcididee, Proctotrupide and Aphide, by Walker and Foerster; 
Diptera, by Macquart ; &c., &c.,—has almost annually received large 
accessions from Mr. Hope himself, and in 1857 the entire collection 
of insects, books and drawings formed by Mr. Westwood were added, 
when the whole were placed under the charge of that gentleman. 
Since that time also continual additions have been made, including 
the whole of Mr. Wollaston’s second and enlarged cabinet of Madeiran 
insects, the whole of Mr. Wells’ English and foreign collection, a 
considerable portion of the Kirbyan Collection, and selections from 
those sent home by Bates, Wallace, Stevens (Bogota), Squire, Guein- 
zius, Dupuiset, &c., &c.: many contributions of smaller extent have 
been received from the Museums of Amsterdam, Leyden and Berlin, 
and from many entomologists, including Messrs. Baly, Sheppard, 
Pascoe, Parry, W. W. Saunders, Bree, &c. The collection is also 
rich in specimens illustrating the natural history of insects and in 
specimens preserved in spirits. 


. 152 


Hitherto the collections of insects and books have been kept in 
four spare rooms in the Taylor Institution, waiting the completion 
of the rooms assigned to them in the New Museum. ‘hese are now 
being fitted with proper tables, cases, cabinets, book-shelves, &c., 
and it is expected that the collection will be removed in the course 
of the following summer. The collection is open daily both to 
members of the University and the public, and is tending, in con- 
junction with the Entomological Society of Oxford, to awaken and 
diffuse a love for the Science, especially among the junior members 
of the University. This Society meets on the first Tuesday in every 
month during the four academic terms, and the meetings are generally 
rendered interesting by the distribution of duplicates, exhibition of 
captures, and notes and observations by the members. Excursions 
are also made during the spring and summer terms. 


British Entomological Works published in 1860. 


Our ‘ Transactions,’ published during the past year, contain the 
following papers :— 

“Characters of Undescribed Neuroptera in the Collection of 
W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.,” by Francis Walker, Esq. 

“Notes on the British Species of Cisside,”’ by G. R. Water- 
house, Esq. 

“Notes on the Economy of the Ichneumons constituting the 
Genus Pezomachus of Gravenhorst, and Observations on Pezoma- 
chus fasciatus,” by Frederick Smith, Esq.; with a Description of a 
New Species of Hemiteles, by Thomas Desvignes, Esq. 

“Notes on the British Species of Donacia,’ by G. R. Water- 
house, Esq. 

“Note on the Habits of Scolytide and Bostrichide,” by Alfred 
R. Wallace, Esq. 

“Descriptions of South-African Tineina collected by R. Trimen, 
Esq., in 1858—9,” by H. T. Stainton, Esq. 

“Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley,” by 
H. W. Bates, Esq. 

“Notes on the Geographical Distribution of the British Butter- 
flies,” by H. T. Stainton, Esq. 

“Descriptions of some new Species of Sagra; Remarks on that 
Genus; and the Characters of Cheiloxena, a new Genus belonging 
to the same Family,” by J. S. Baly, Esq. 


153 


“On the Genus Erateina, Doubleday, with Descriptions of some 
new Species,” by W. Wilson Saunders, Esq. 

“Characters of Undescribed Diptera in the Collection of W. W. 
Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.,” by Francis Walker, Esq. 


The Trustees of the British Museum have published the following 
Catalogues :— 

‘Lepidoptera Heterocera,’ two Parts, by Francis Walker, Esq. 

* Catalogue of the Halticide,’ with ten plates of figures and details, 
by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A. 


‘The Lepidopterist’s Calendar,’ by Joseph Merrin. This work 
relates only to the British species of Lepidoptera, and may in cer- 
tain cases be of service to collectors; but it will also help to puzzle 
them. 


‘The Lepidopterist’s Indicator: an Alphabetically-arranged Guide 
to the Species of the British Lepidoptera,’ by B. Bradney Bockett, 
M.A., Oxon, Vicar of Epsom, Surrey. To those who adopt the 
slovenly method of calling an insect by its specific name only, this 
work may be of use by enabling them to know its genus, if they 
value such information, which I doubt; and it will also serve the 
better purpose of referring them to a description or a figure. It 
proceeds, however, upon the faulty principle of giving as the accepted 
specific name of an insect, one under which it has not been described; 
for instance, Gelechia affinis is called affinella,—a name not found 
anywhere but in catalogues, and of no authority whatever. 


‘British Butterflies: Figures and Descriptions of every Native 
Species, with an Account of Butterfly-development, Structure, Ha- 
bits, Localities, Mode of Capture and Preservation, &c.,’ by W. S. 
Coleman. Essentially different from the work next noticed, as the 
author has relied upon the coloured figures, rather than the descrip- 
tions of the insects, to make his book popular. No doubt he has 
succeeded, but this is only the way to make collectors and not scien- 
tific students. However, there is much to be said for “ mere col- 
lectors ;’ and so I do not find fault with a book which has no higher 
aim than to induce a love of beautiful creations merely for their 
beauty. As a nation we are far in arrear of other nations in our 
capacity of appreciating beauty, and anything that has a tendency to 
cultivate the csthetical faculty should be welcomed. 

RC 


' 


154 


‘A Natural History of all the British Butterflies, by Edward 
Newman, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. (being the Butterfly Number of ‘ Young 
England’). This contains very careful descriptions, in untechnical 
terms, of the British butterflies, with a figure of each species beauti- 
fully drawn on wood; and the price being only sixpence, the sale 
has been very great. The work is so well known and appreciated 
that to say anything in its praise is superfluous. 


‘A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of Na- 
tural History at the East India House,’ by Thomas Horsfield, 
M. & Ph. D., F.R.S., and Frederick Moore, Vol. ii. 


‘The Honey-Bee: its Natural History, Habits, Anatomy and Mi- 
croscopical Beauties,’ by James Samuelson. 


‘The Natural History of the Tineina,’ by H. T. Stainton, assisted 
by Professor Zeller, J. W. Douglas and Professor Frey, Vol. v., con- 
taining Coleophora, Part 2, witheight coloured plates. 


‘The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical.’ Of 
this new publication two parts have appeared, containing the fol- 
lowing articles and eight plates :— 

“On the Halticidee of the Canary Islands,” by T. V. Wollaston, 
isq., M.A., F.L.S. 

“ Remarks on the Pollinosity of the Genera Lixus and Larinus,” 
by M. Henri Jekel, Member of the Entomological Soc. of France, &e. 

“* Characters of Undescribed Species of the Genus Leucopsis,” by 
F. Walker, Esq., F'.L.S. 

“ Description of new Genera and Species of Eumolpide,” by J. S. 
Baly, Esq. 

“Notices of new or little-known Genera and Species of Co- 
leoptera,”’ by Francis P. Pascoe, Esq., F.L.8. 

“Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Exotic Hyme- 
noptera,” by Frederick Smith, Esq. 

“On the Coleoptera of the Salvages,’ by T. Vernon Wollaston, 
Eisq., M.A., F.L.8. 

“ Descriptions of Six new Species of Chrysomela from the East,” 
by J. 8S. Baly, Esq. 

The names of the authors are a sufficient guarantee of the excel- 
lence of these papers; I can only regret that the writers have thought 
proper to coutribute them to a new work in no respect differing from 


155 


our ‘ Transactions,’ which languish for want of the very support here 
so freely bestowed. I might quote many letters that I have received 
upon this subject to show that this is not my own individual opinion; 
I content myself with an extract from one which conveys the meaning 
of all the others. My correspondent writes :—‘‘ Cannot you get more 
papers for the Society ? Can you tell me why the ‘ Journal of Ento- 
mology’ was started, and by whom? I see a second No. is an- 
nounced ; I had hoped the first would have been the last. It is too 
bad that the writers should starve the Society’s ‘ Transactions,’ 
unless they have some very cogent reasons.” The only advantage 
that I can conceive the authors have is that the papers are published 
somewhat sooner than they would be in our ‘ Transactions,’ but this 
could be remedied if we had the matter to publish, for want of matter 
has sometimes delayed our Parts ; and even on the score of expense 
to the Society, if that were urged as an objection, if the authors con- 
tributed something to the Society to insure the rapid publication of 
their papers, the cost to them, or to the promoters of the ‘ Journal,’ 
as the case may be, would be much less than that of bringing out a 
separate publication. Indeed, I think that with the exceedingly 
numerous entomological publications at present in existence, he who 
adds another one, without any feature to distinguish it from others, 
needlessly increases labour and expense to his entomological 
brethren. Therefore I think the publication of the ‘Journal’ a mis- 
take ; and as the promoters are all members of, and I believe well- 
wishers to this Society, and, besides, friends of my own, I make 
these remarks, embodying a very general opinion, with the best 
feeling, and in the hope that they will be received as they are 
meant, 


‘A List of the British Euplexoptera, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera 
and Hemiptera,’ by Francis Walker. For the publication of this 
List we are indebted to the kindness of W. Wilson Saunders, Esq. ; 
and I sincerely hope it may have the effect intended by that gentle- 
man, of directing the attention of British entomologists to the now 
neglected orders of insects which it includes. 


The Ray Society has just issued to its Subscribers of last year :— 
‘A History of the Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland,’ Part 1, 
by John Blackwall, Esq., F.L.S. (twelve plates, folio). This elabo- 
rate work gives ample descriptions and coloured figures of 110 spe- 
cies of spiders, and descriptions only of several more ; and while it 


156 


will add to the well-deserved fame of the author, who has devoted 
many years to his subject, it must do much to advance the study of 
‘Arachnology amongst us. 


‘Farm Insects; being the Natural History and Kconomy of the 
Insects Injurious to the Field Crops of Great Britain and Iveland, 
and also those which infest Barns and Granaries, with Suggestions 
for their Destruction, by John Curtis, F.L.S. This is a collection 
‘of the articles which the author had from time to time published in 
the ‘Journal of the Agricultural Society’ and the ‘ Gardener's 
‘Chronicle,’ and are therefore well known to us all. — ; 


‘The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1861, with a coloured plate, con- 
tains the following articles :— 

Neuroptera.—“ Synopsis of the British Phryganide,”’ by Dr. 
Hagen. “ Synopsis of the British Psocide,” by Dr. Hagen. ‘‘ Some 
Suggestions for the Successful Pursuit of the Study of the Phryga- 
nide, with a Description of a new British Species,’ by Robert 
M’ Lachlan. 

Hymenoptera, by Frederick Smith.—“ Observations on the Effects 
_of the late Unfavourable Season on Hymenopterous Insects ;” ‘*‘ Notes 
on the Economy of Certain Species, on the Capture of Others of 
Extreme Rarity, and on Species new to the British Fauna.” 

Hemiptera, by the Editor.—‘“A List of British Hemiptera.” 

Coleoptera, by E. W. Janson.—‘‘ New British Species Noticed in 
1860.” 

Lepidoptera.—‘ New British Species in 1860,” by the Editor. 
“ Rare British Species Captured in 1860.” “ Observations on British 
Tineina.” ‘ Answers to Enigmas.” ‘“ Enigmas still Unanswered.” 
“New Enigmas for Solution.”  ‘“ Natural History of the Tineina.” 
“ Index to the New Lepidoptera in Former Volumes of the ‘Annual.’ ” 
“Notes on EKupithecia Larve,” by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, M.A. 
“New Works on Entomology.” 


The ‘ Zoologist’ contains, as usual, a large amount of interesting 
entomological matter, chiefly consisting of notices of the capture of 
new or rare insects, and observations on the habits of various species. 
I may particularly enumerate the following articles. ‘On the 
Functions of the Antenne of Insects,” by Dr. Clemens, in which the 
author, after making experiments by amputating the antenne of Lepi- 
doptera, says, ‘The structure of the organs, together with these 


157 


experiments, entirely justify the inference that the antenne, instead 
of being the organs of any special sense, as they are usually regarded, 
are, in Lepidoptera, instruments of atmospheric palpation, having 
especial reference to the action and use of the wings in flight. This 
conclusion has been reached contrary to my own preconceived 
notions of the functions of those instruments ; and I believe the view 
here taken is entirely new. Should the experiments be repeated by 
any observer, he should be careful to select for experimental study 
those Lepidopterous insects that are unprovided with simple eyes or 
ocelli on the vertex at the base of the antenne. In those species 
with ocelli on the vertex the flight is deranged scarcely at all, as 
eompared with the effect of antennal excision on individuals unprovided 
with these organs.” This last statement of Dr. Clemens seems to 
me scarcely to corroborate the theory propounded, for power of 
directing the flight would seem to be due not so much to the presence 
of antenne as to the possession of ocelli, since, if the latter be present, 
the deprivation of the former does not appear to be of much conse- 
quence. The subject clearly requires elucidation, and I hope to hear 
of further and more conclusive experiments. “ Facts Connected 
with the History of a Wasp’s Nest; with Observations upon the 
Parasite Ripiphorus paradoxus,” by S. Stone, Esq., F.S.A., &e. “A 
List of Micro-Lepidoptera of which the Transformations are Un- 
known,” by Charles Miller ; a very praiseworthy paper by a promising 
young entomologist. ‘‘ Notes on the British Trichopterygide, with 
Descriptions of some New Species,” by the Rev. A. Matthews, M.A. 
“On the Musical Powers of the British Species of the Genus Acalles,” 
by F. Smith, Esq. “ Occurrence of Bagéus nodulosus of Schénherr 
in Hammersmith Marshes,” by E. C. Rye, Esq. The author of this 
note, by some inadvertence in pointing out the differential characters 
of this insect, has said that B. binodulus has “ on each elytron” four 
knobs and B. nodulosus only two, whereas it should have been “ on 
the elytra,” and not “on each elytron ;” yet this slip—evident enough 
to those interested in the subject—has been elaborately criticised in 
the ‘ Entomologist’s Annual.’ “Note on the Rate of Speed of a 
Butterfly,” by C. Horne, Esq., showing how steam may be beaten by 
sails, for the clipper insect “‘ Painted Lady” outstripped in speed the 
steamer ‘‘ Pera,” when going ten and a half knots per hour. The 
‘ Zoologist’ also contains a great number of descriptions of Lepidop- 
terous larvee, very carefully made by the editor ; but buried as they 
are in the midst of other matter, and without much arrangement, 
their value for reference is greatly detracted from. Hereafter, if the 


158 


series attain anything like completeness, it may be worth the author’s 
trouble if he will reprint these descriptions in methodical order and 
a separate form. 


‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ vol. viii. This volume, 
like its predecessors, contains many valuable notices of captures and 
observations on the economy of insects. But there is also other 
matter which I confess I should like to have seen, or rather known 
to have been, shut out by better material. No doubt in a periodical 
which, like this, must appear at short-stated intervals, many indifferent 
things are inserted, because the space must be filled; yet it does 
appear strange to me, that with such a publication specially at their 
service, English entomologists do not crowd its pages with their ob- 
servations. Possibly some little alteration in the plan of the paper 
would be requisite to accomplish this, and I submit this hint for the 
consideration of the editor; but it is too bad of us not to support 
better than we do such a disinterested effort on behalf of Entomology 
as this paper manifestly is. 


‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ 3rd series, vols. v. and 
vi. :— 

“On some new Anthribide,” by Francis Pascoe, F.L.S., &c., with 
two plates. (Continued from vol. iy. p. 439). 

“On some new Longicornia from the Moluccas,” by Francis P. 
Pascoe, F.L.S., &c. 

“ On the Aphanarthra of the Canary Islands,” by T. Vernon Wol- 
laston, M.A., F.L.S. 

“ Descriptions of Two British Spiders new to Science,” by the Rey. 
O. P.-Cambridge, B.A. 

“ On Additions to the Madeiran Coleoptera,” by T. Vernon Wol- 
laston, M.A., F.L.S. 

“On the Generative Organs of the Scarabeidous Beetles,” by 
C. Roussel. (Translated from the ‘Comptes Rendus’ of January 16, 
1860, p. 158.) 

“‘ Characters of some apparently Undescribed Ceylon Insects,” by 
F. Walker, F.L.S. (Hymenoptera. Continued from vol. iv. p. 376.) 

“On the Seminal Fluid and Fecundation in the Arachnida,” 
by Emile Blanchard. (Translated from the ‘Comptes Rendus’ 
of April 9, 1860, p. 727). 

“On Certain Musical Curculionide, with Descriptions of Two 
new Plinthi,” by T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. 


159 


“ On the Occurrence of Spiders and their Webs in Coal-pits,” by 
R. H. Meade, F.R.C.S. 

“Note on some Parasites of Julus terrestris,” by M. d’Udekem. 
(Translated from Bull. de l’Acad. Roy. de Belgique, 2me série, viii. 
No. 8). 

“Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Tenthredinide in 
the Collection of the British Museum,” by Frederick Smith. 

“ Descriptions of T'wo Coleopterous Insects from Cambogia,” by 
the Barao do Castello de Paiva, Professor of Botany in the Academia 
Polytechnica of Oporto, &e. 

“The Cutting Ant of Texas (Hcodoma Mexicana, Sm.),” by S. 
Buckley. (From the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, 
1860, p. 233). 

“On an Undescribed Crustacean of the Genus Myris,” by the 
Rey. Alfred Merle Norman, M.A. (with a plate). 


Foreign Entomological Works and Papers Published in 1860. 


‘Linnea Entomologica,’ xiv. Band. Berlin, contains :— 

“ Berichtigtes Verzeichniss der bis jetzt bekannt gewordenen 
Asiatischen Cryptocephalen,” von Schulrath Dr. E. Suftfrian. 

* Monographie der Termiten,” von Dr. H. Hagen. 

“Die Arten der Gattung Lissomus, Dalm.,” von Dr. A. Gerstiicker. 

“ Das Elachisteden—Geschlecht Laverna,’ von Professor H. Frey. 

“ Beitrage zu einer monographischen Bearbeitung der Familie 
der Emesina,” von Anton Dohrn. 

“ Bibliographia Librorum Entomologicorum in America-Boreali,’ 
editorum auctore Guil. Sharswood. 

“ Beschreibung einiger neuer Chilenischer Schmetterlinge,’ von 
Professor Dr. R. A. Philippi. 


‘ Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres de France’ (Mulsant’s) :— 
* Altisides,” par Foudras, — Paris. 
“ Rostrifréres,” liv. 10, par Mulsant, Paris. 


‘Naturgeschichte der Insekten Deutschlands,’ Band. 1, pt. 4, 
Coleoptera, by Dr. Schaum, Berlin. 


‘Fauna Austriaca,’ Diptera, Heft 1 and 2, by Dr. J. Rudolph 
Schiner, Vienna. This work will contain the characters of all the 
European genera, and a citation of the European species. 


160 
‘ Terminologia Entomologica, Heft 1—4, by J. Miiller, Brunn. 


‘Diptera Scandinavie Disposita et Descripta, Tome xii. xiv., 
J. W. Zetterstedt, Lund. 


‘Arcana Nature, ou Archives d'Histoire Naturelle,’ liv. 1, par 
J. Thomson, Paris. 


‘Iconographie et Description des Chenilles et Lépidoptéres 
inedits,’ liv. 1, 2, plates, par P. Milliére, Lyon. 


‘Die Europaischen Hemiptera, nach der analytischen Methode 
bearbeitet,’ Heft. 1, by E. X. Fieber, Vienna. 


‘ Entomologie Analytique,’ 2 vols., par. C. Dumeril, Paris. 
‘Die Pflanzen und Raupen Deutschlands,’ von O. Wilde, Berlin. 


‘ Correspondenzblatt fiir Sammler von Insecten, insbesondere von 
Schmetterlingen,’ 1 Jahrgang, Nos. 1—12, Regensburg. A monthly 
publication, somewhat after the plan of the ‘ Intelligencer,’ conducted 
by Dr. Herrich-Schiitfer. 


‘Monographie des Elaterides,’ Tome 3, par E. Candéze, Liége. 


“Genera des Coléoptéres,’ Tome v., par Lacordaire, Paris, con- 
tains the families Tenebrionide, Cistelide, Nilionide, Pythidie, Me- 
landryide, Lagriide, Pedilide, Anthicide, Pyrochroide, Mordellide, 
Rhipiphoride, Stylopide, Meloide and Gidemeride. 


‘Entomologische Zeitung Herausgegeben von dem Entomologis- 
chen Vereine zu Stettin,’ 21 Jahrgang, Stettin, contains :— 


Nos. 1—3. Dohrn, “ Neujahrs Moralitat.” Mitelieder—Verzeich- 
niss. Dohrn, “ Rede zur Stiftungsfeier des Entomologischen 
Vereins.” Hagen, “ Bericht iiber die in der Provinz Preussen von 
1857 bis 1859 schidlich auf getretenen Insekten.” V. Heyden, 
“ Nekrolog tiber Johann Joseph Maria Becker.” V. Heyden, “ Mer- 
mis antiqua.” Hagen, “ Neuroptera Neapolitana nebst Synopsis der 
Ascalaphen Europas.” Speyer, “ Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands 
und der Schweiz, systematische bearbeitet von H. v. Heinemann.” 


161 


Osten-Sacken, “ Classification der Linnobiaceen.” Altum, “ Her- 
maphroditen von Sphinx Convolvuli.” Freyer, “ Lepidopterologie ; 
Gastropacha arbuscule ;” ‘‘ Naturgeschichte von Thyris fenestrina.” 
Hagen, “‘ Hemerobius (Chrysopa) trimaculata, Girard.” A. Dohrn, 
** Hemipterologische Miscellaneen.” 

Nos. 4—6. Hagen, “ Fragmenta (Micro Lepidoptera).” Pfaffen- 
zeller, ‘‘ Gastropacha arbuscule.”’  Suffrian, ‘“‘ Synonymische Mis- 
cellaneen (Coleoptera). Schenk, “‘ Hymenoptera aculeata.” Anton 
Dohrn, ‘‘ Hemipterologische Miscellaneen” (with a plate). Gers- 
tiicker, “ Beschreibung einiger ausgezeichneten neuen Dipteren aus 
der Familie Muscarie.”’ A. Dohrn, “ Berichtigung.” Hagen, 
“Neuropteren Nord-Amerikas.” Mengelbir, “ Lepidopterologische 
Miscellen.” Hagen, “ Miscellen.” Koch, “ Lepidopt. Systematis- 
cher.” Bischoff, “ Gastropacha arbuscule.” 

Nos. 7—9. Philippi, *‘ Coleoptera Chilensia.” Gerstiicker, “‘ Uber 
Conops.” Bertolini, “ Camptorhinus statua.’ Staudinger, “ Zur 
Rechtfertigung.” Cornelius, “ Lichtreiz der weissen Farbe.” Hagen, 
“ Die Phryganiden Pictet’s.” Gartner, “ Limenitis aceris.”” Dohrn, 
“ Literatur” (Schiner). G. Koch, “ Antikritik.” Snellen van Vol- 
lenhoven, “ Uber die Columbatscher Miicke.” Dohrn, “ Der Wei- 
zenverwiister ” (Cecidomyia destructor). 

Nos. 10—12. Dohrn, ‘ Reminiscere II.” Hagen, “ Myrmeleon- 
Arten.” Speyer, “ Lepidopterologische Beobachtungen.” Gers- 
tiicker, “ Curculionen.” Anton Dohrn, “ Zur Heteropteren Fauna 
Ceylon’s.” Suffrian, “Synonymische Miscellaneen (Coleoptera).” 
Pfeil, “ Pelecotoma fennica.” Freyer, “ Gastropacha arbuscule.” 
Schenck, “ Nachtriige zu Nassau’s Aculeatea.” Koch, “ Berichtigung.” 
Lederer, “ Notiz.” Staudinger, “ Erklirung.” 


‘Bericht iiber die wissenchaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der 
Entomologie wahrend des Jahres 1858,’ by Dr. Gerstiicker, Berlin. 


‘Les Lépidoptéres de la Belgique, leurs Chenilles et leur 
Chrysalides, décrits et Représentés,’ liv. 1—8 (24 coloured plates), 
par C. F. Dubois, Brussels. 


‘Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift; Herausgegeben von dem 
Entomologischen Vereine in Berlin.’ Vierter Jahrgang (1860). Seven 
plates, of which one coloured, and portrait of Ruthe; and Catalogue 
of European Hemiptera Heteroptera, pp. 25. 

Contents :—“ Ueber die Naturgeschichte des Psychiden,” von 
Dr. Ottmar Hofmann, in Regensburg (Hierzu ‘Taf. 1. and ii.) 

Z 


“Ueber die Artrechte einiger Spanischer Caribi,” von Dr. G. 
Kraatz. 

“ Die Gattung Cardiomera, Bassi,” von Professor Schaum. 

“ Ueber die europiischen Hirschkifer,” von Dr. G. Kraatz (irstes 
Stiick). 

“ Zwei neue Prostemma-arten,” von J. P. E. Frdr. Stein, in 
Berlin. 

“ Ueber Acanthia intrusa, Herr.-Schffr.,” von J. P. E. Frdr. Stein, 
in Berlin. 

“ Synonymische Bermerkungen,” I., von Prof. Schaum; II., von v. 
Kiesenwetter; III., von Dr. G. Kraatz. 

“ Nekrolog on Johan Friedrich Ruthe, and William Spence,” by 
Professor Dr. Schaum. A portrait of the former is given as frontis- 
piece to the vol. 

“ Zeitschriftschen ” (Bibliographical Notices). I. to L. 

“Deutsche Braconiden,” von J. F. Ruthe (Aus dessen Nachlass 
veroffentlich), Erstes Stiick. 

“ Das System der Carabicinen,” von Professor Schaum. 

“ Beitrage zur Keuntniss einiger Laufkaifer Gattungen,” von 
H. Schaum, with a coloured plate (III). 

“Die Figitiden des mittlern Europa,” von H. Reinhard, Medicinal 
Rath, in Bautzen (Plate IV.). 

“ Ueber einige Coreiden-Gattungen,” von J. P. E. Frdr. Stein, in 
Berlin. 

“ Hine neue europaische Heuschrecken-Gattung,” von J. P. E. Frdr. 
Stein, in Berlin (Hierzu Tafel v.). 

“Ueber die systematische Stellung einiger Bostrychinen,” von. 
Prof. Dr. Doebner, in Aschaffenburg (Hierzu Taf. vi.). 

“Ueber die europdischen Hirschkéfer,’ von Dr. G. Kraatz 
(Zweites Stuck, Dazu Taf. vii.). 

“Zwei neve europaische Cimiciden-Gattungen aufgestellt,”? von 
Dr. C. Stal, in Stockholm. 

“Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen,” von Dr. J. Roger. 

“H. de Bonvouloir, Synonymische Bemerkungen.” 

“Klemen Mittheilungen. Hymenoptera,” v. Kiesenwetter, Ueber 
der Bienen des Hymettus. Coleoptera, 1. H. Touris in Genf. 
Drei neue europaische Kiafer-arten ; 11. Sammelbericht (Lists of Cap- 
tures), by H. Fuss, in Ahrweiler; Dr. Sandu, in Hildesheim; Tieffen- 
bach, in Berlin; Prémmal, in Berlin; Striibing, in Berlin; v. Twar- 
dowsky, in Frankfort; v. M. G. Kraatz; Reiche, in Paris, and 


? 


163 


v. Kiesenwetter. Diptera: Stein, in Berlin. Lepidoptera: v. Kiesen- 
wetter. 

“ Nekrolog. on Johann Christian Friedrich Maerkel,” by v. Kiesen- 
wetter. (A lithographed portrait of Maerkel will be published in the 
next part.) 

“ Hemiptera Heteroptera Europea Systematica disposita,” auctore 
F. de Baerensprung. 


‘Glanures Entomologiques, ou Recueil de Notes Monographiques, 
descriptions, critiqnes, remarques et synonymies diverses, par M. 
Jacquelin du Val (Camille). Cahier 2. Paris: chez M. A. Deyrolle, 
Naturaliste, Rue de la Monnaie, 19. 18 Mai, 1860. 


This work appears at uncertain intervals, and the price of the 
numbers varies according to the matter they contain. Part 2, the 
only one to hand in 1860, contains :— 

“ Hissaie Monagraphique sur le Genre Henicopus.” 

“Supplément au Synopsis des Espéces Européennes du Genre 
Lampyris.” 

“ Synopsis des Espéces Européennes du genie Cebrio.” 

“ Description de deux Genres nouveaux et d’une Espéce inédite de 
la Famille des Ptinides.” 

“ Descriptions de deux Espéces nouvelles” (Necrophorus Gallicus 
et Xenostrongylus Deyrollei). 

* Diagnoses provisoires de quelques Genres nouveaux.” 

“ Note sur la Cardiomera Bonvouloirii de M. Schaum.” 

** Remarques et Notes Critiques sur les Bembidium.” 

“ Remarques et Synonymies diverses.” 


‘Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenscaps Akademiens Férhandlingar Sex- 
tonde Arginger, 1859.” Stockholm: 1860. 

Contains six entomological papers: 

“‘ Holingren, Ichneumonidermas Lefnadsatt.” 

< 5s Sveriges Pimplariz.” 

“ Stal, Om Reduvini.” 

5, Om Amerikas Chrysomelina.” 

“© , Om Coreida.” 

* Wallengren, Skandinavien’s Coleophoren.” 


This last enumerates twenty-eight Scandinavian species of the 
genus Coleophora; one new species is described under the name of 
C. Scolopacinella. 


164 


‘ Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar ; Ny Féljd.’ 
Andra Bandet; Andra Haftet. 1858. 

This was sent from Stockholm, November 18, 1860, by the 
Académie Royale des Sciences de Stockholm. Contains two ento- 
mological papers: 

“Stal, Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemiptera Fauna.” 

“ Holingren, Férsok till upstallning och besckrefning af de i Sverige 
funna Ophionider.” 


The first part of the second volume of the last-mentioned work, 
dated 1857, contains a paper by Wallengren on Diurnal Lepidoptera 
collected by J. A. Wahlberg in Caffraria from 1838—1845, and the 
first volume contains a Monograph of the Swedish Tryphonide, by 
Holingren, extending to 237 pages. 


The Entomological Season of 1860. 


In the ‘ Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1861 Mr. F. Smith, in a very 
interesting paper, has recorded the effect of the extremely cold and 
wet season of 1860 upon Hymenoptera, in producing a scarcity of 
Aculeata ; and he adduces proof that leaves no doubt in one instance, 
and by inference in others, that the want of heat was the cause of 
the non-appearance of the species. He says, “‘ In the month of June 
last I obtained a large number of pupe of a species of Colletes ; 
these, in the usual progress of development, would appear in the 
perfect condition about the middle of July; a few came forth in 
August, but the majority still remain in the larva state.” In sucha 
case Mr. Smith does not anticipate any perceptible diminution in 
numbers next year, but in other cases he expects there will be a great 
scarcity next season, for he says, “On the 16th September I found 
a nest of Bombus Muscorum, in which the larve had nearly all 
changed to pup, and had perished in that condition, in consequence 
of the long-continued wet and cold; this, I fear, has been the case 
with a large majority of the moss-building bees.” 

But Mr. Smith goes on to say, “ I have no doubt of a similar scar- 
city having been observed in other orders of insects, and that in 
addition to the questions—What has become of the wasps? What 
has become of the house-flies? it has also been asked, What has 
become of the butterflies?” JI am glad that for once we have hada 
scarcity of wasps and flies, although we must all regret that desirable 
consummation could not be brought about without the loss of the 
universally favourite butterflies. Yet it would be wrong to suppose 


165 


because butterflies were scarce that other Lepidoptera were rare also ; 
I think rather that, of a great many species at least, the examples 
were not seen for want of opportunity for collectors to seek them. I 
arrive at this conclusion from the fact the London collectors have this 
autumn found the larve of the larger Lepidoptera in unprecedented 
numbers, showing that the parent moths had been matured during 
the summer. In some instances there has been positive proof of the 
existence, in numbers, of species usually rare, such as Erastria venus- 
tula, Deilephila Livornica, Stathmopoda pedella, &c. 

In Coleoptera there has been no scarcity of the usually common 
species, and seldom have so many rare species been captured — in 
considerable quantity too. I may instance Hallomenus humeralis, 
Rhynchites truncorum, Mycetophagus 4-guttatus, Badister peltatus, 
&e. Another season must elapse before we can ascertain whether 
the “skiey influences” of 1860 have had any effect upon the repro- 
duction of Coleoptera. 

In the paper before quoted Mr. Smith says, “ Another effect pro- 
duced by the late summerless year has been a great diminution of 
the brilliancy in colouring in many species,’ of which he gives 
examples. Nothing of the kind, however, has come under my notice 
among Coleoptera or Lepidoptera; indeed, in the latter order, we 
we have had before us, at the last meeting, a specimen of Hemero- 
phila abruptaria and one of Gonepteryx Rhamni, var. Cleopatra, 
captured in 1860, both of which were remarkable for their depth of 
colour, But I doubt whether great heat is a cause of the intensity 
of colour in insects, or at least in Lepidoptera, for it is notorious that 
in many species which occur throughout Britain, the examples from 
Scotland are much deeper in colour than specimens taken in the 
south ; and again it is well known that in Chariclea Delphinii, which 
remains from one to seven years in the pupa state, the longer the 
individuals are in assuming the imago condition the more intense is 
the colour. 


British Entomological Societies. 


The establishment of Entomological Societies or Clubs in various 
parts of the country is a cheering sign of the diffusion of Entomology 
in Britain. With the exception, perhaps, of the Societies of Oxford 
and Cambridge, none of these associations aim at a scientific standard, 
and most of them are exclusively devoted to insects of the order 
Lepidoptera; yet, as centres of union for collectors, where they may 
compare notes and captures, and communicate knowledge to each 


166 


other, they may do much good service in the working out of the 
Natural History of the Lepidoptera, and eventually of other orders ; 
for the economy of a vast number of species being still unknown, 
there is in this department alone a wide field to be explored. 


British Entomologists. 


Much has been said against English entomologists confining their 
attention exclusively to the insects of Britain, but the field of Entomo- 
logy is so vast that it is impossible for any one to obtain more than a 
very general idea of all the orders of insects in a country, and few of us 
have either the leisure or opportunity for doing even this. Speaking 
on this subject lately to a celebrated European entomologist, he said 
that the only true way for any individual to work with effect was for 
him to restrict his attention either to one order or one geographical 
region at one time, and then, in either case, the results would be 
valuable and satisfactory. Hitherto, in this country, attention has 
been given chiefly to Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, but I am happy to 
say that the other orders are gradually coming into favour, and 
eventually I hope we shall have what has never yet been obtained— 
a complete insect Fauna of Great Britain. 

One more remark and I have done. Collecting has with some 
persons become such a mania that to form a collection, at whatever 
cost, appears to be the sole object of their lives. ‘The possessor of a 
unique specimen prides himself upon having it ; the captor of rarities 
hoards them up, or barters them away with reference to their money 
value ; and others take advantage of the ignorance of young collectors 
to obtain from them any rare species they may happen to possess. 
My attention has been so often called to cases of want of honourable 
feeling and consideration, such as I have alluded to, that I feel bound 
to give expression to the disgust of all right-minded entomologists at 
such conduct. A collection of insects, besides being a repository of 
the most beautiful objects of Divine skill, should also serve to increase 
and preserve our knowledge of them; but a collection formed 
on any other principle only becomes a monument of the cupidity and 
selfishness of its owner. 

Another matter which has pained me, and which, I think, deserves 
the severest reprobation, is the personal altercation and recrimination 
of entomologists, not only in this country but abroad. “ Genus irri- 
tabile ” is an appellation which bids fair, if this spirit be not repressed, 
to attach with truth to entomologists as a body; and to my certain 


167 


knowledge the unamiable behaviour of some of our body has pre- 
vented and still prevents individuals joining our Society. Entomo- 
logy, and indeed, Science in general, should be, if not holy, at least 
neutral ground ; entomologists should show to the world and to each 
other that they have learned to differ without acrimony, and that 
the study of the glorious beauty and harmony of Nature has impressed 
them with a sense of the utter littleness of personal squabbles. The 
entomologist to whom a sense of humility and self-negation is wanting, 
whatever may be his other qualifications, has missed the greatest 
lesson of his vocation, and is only half a naturalist ; 


“ For it is alone to students, 


True and ardent, are laid open 
Nature’s deeply hidden secrets.” 


Tnabilities and Assets of the Society. 


Liabilities. Assets. 
Biiguaods A Be: oe 
Messrs. Day for Plates ...... 3 4 O Arrears of Mea 
» Bright for ane good.. sdonoctons 9 BE) 
GICAL G | ermmesiccciecsiocciecd «elas Guat Ditto doubtful ‘£16 16 0 
»  lioworth for printitig Add Balance in hand...... 105 4 2b 
Transactions ...s0..... 13 5 6 
Rent to Christmas ............ 20 0 O 114 13 24 
(9) Wena baa scene chapeaasenarcccl st1snO-r 10) Less amounts due at 


Messrs. Wilkinson for print- Christmas s.5:s3... a 40°17 3 
IN GTP LACES .cccaccsoscsesecsass: 2 eO-- OD - 
>» Dulau & Co. for 

WS OOKSifesstaccinacisaciencioedaccjay Ones ani 


True Balance in favour 
£48 17 3 of the Society ......... £65 15 114 


168 


Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1860. 


RECEIPTS. 


By Balance on hand January Ist, 1860  ......sscesccoessccecscccecseessees L108 18 


i: 


(0) 


PMETEDES OL SUDSCTIPPIONS! \2,eescheserecec con sense teceetcecssrclvwscaaeevavee | Ol, o 
SuUbseriptions for 1860 1.0.20. cvecserccssceseccssvesavececdseee wevenseccensen 1047 2 
AAMisSsiOu (MeeS'.cacsdeeeessigepiesevensscassenstedceinesiete/ceeliscsseseeveesteeask (ou LA 
Tea Se. sep snpbolslaas sep mae annaedansionnssmccel tatesractisae pee ter seine 
Sale of Transactions at the Bonne Sones aeues aeons nee eel ea 
Ps AU LOUGMANS orevevccsscaerssestes CY Dy ns 

Dividend received on £109 14s. 9d. 3 & Cent Consols .......00. 3 5 
Plates of Adolias (of Mr. Moore)... SaocscacOeancer cco PS 
Cash of Mr. Saunders for cost of Saunt Plates of Bereinide. «« 219 


£288 12 


PAYMENTS. 


paid arrears for 1859:—Rent to Christmas........ seneene 20,0 0 
Messrs. Williams & Norgate, 

LOTS OOKS cencescieocescescesesasl COMMOL TO 

Mr) DunnjforOil <..cactacersspocuds OO © 

», Wilkinson, printing Plates 6 9 O 

——- _ 65 14 

ent Lo MMi GSUMIMNEE - ca. nce asneccnessncieocatnce-Wueaittn/eneieseiss dusiassjecieiene 20° <0 

Insurance to Lady- -day, 1861 asSiatis nea ssichiewedhacelssotascaaceueadaasreese EMO ae 

Curator for attendance svswee.otaectcienveccesnvseiraweaesenesencsetencsser el Ol gle 

» Sundry small paraitnts SOREL OUQODUCUS cnosumRCScaonanouacsconddo 0) jI4! 

Tea, thirteen Meetings... 2c.sv...(.'escsasocess pase ccs ccpsatmelece saa aeenlPeeney ited 

Attendance, Coals, Candles, Soe. cc) cis ths satisne ts s~spimeossaenienssenedenaea lO 

Postage, Parcels, Stationery, GcC.,. cases sce sdeeneines'soneenebursnieg fereeseel tO) MO 

Christmas boxes .....e.ee Relalomieloeie\sleaiselesicios clan siecelccciedcivseres Mmmm) melo 

Printing Transactions, flee nits a oeestoccssovcesasecsessscroressse OS 16 

y PrOCeed Ng's” cece. cen cee cvaoorncsiacoseceadiees <eccceivasceesecanseae NAG UN 

Bingraving Plates oc. .cscce cesses ese va s'vecensensccinncereenmerice dletecaeec cdma tan 

Colouring V0: i cacacicsectsvesesacoccanseustane sop nstonet teasiaaitnaiscumsa cece Cano 

Collector's Commission........... =n Gs siecaidesiecceusere MO GLO 

Balance i in Treasurer's thands,.. coococdnon =O) 


oo So oes 


(o.) 
ne 


AFA BDBAMRDNHORFOCSC SH 


£288 12 


Printed by E, Newman, 9 Devonshire Street, Bishupsgat« Street, London. 


8} 


GENERAL INDEX. 


Nore.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned the description thereof 
is referred to. 


The figures refer to the pages of the Transactions, and the Numerals to the pages of 
the Journal of Proceedings. 


GENERAL SUBJECTS. 


Anniversary Address, 1859..xci. 
1860..cxlvii. 
Ants, forming nests exclusively of mineral substance, exvii. 
Ants’ nests, butterfly found in, Ixviil. 
Beehive, on a new construction, Xvli, XXxxv. 
Bees, drinking from a chalybeate spring, Ixxviii. 
natural cross-breeding in, cxxvi. 
British Butterflies, notes on the geographical distribution of, 229. 
Sphingide, remarks on the occurrence of rare species, cxix. 
Cape of Good Hope, entomology of, lvi. 
Caterpillars, poisonous, cxvi. 
Cells of bees, &c., mode of construction of, xvii, xxxiv, xxxvill, xli. 
Coffee plantations, insects injurious to, lix. 
Enlarged coloured figures of insects, remarks on, Ixvi. 
Fertile workers of common honey bee, cxviii. 
Fossorial Hymenoptera, exterior nests of, lv. 
- Grease in insects, cure of, exliv. 

Hermaphrodite Hymenoptera, xxvii. 
Honey, method of obtaining without destroying bees or brood, Ixxv. 
Insects, injurious to beoks, lix, Ixv. 
Larve of the gnat, tenacity of life of, Ixxx. 
Library and Cabinet Committee Report, 1858..1.; 1859..ci.; 1860. .cxlvi. 
Pollen, bees feeding on, xxxviii, xl. 
Priority in nomenclature, disputed case of, xxiii. 
Pupz-cases, membranous lining of, cxl, exliv. 
Rhododendrons and their enemies, Ixxxv. 
Species, on the persistence of, xxix. 
Treasurer’s Accounts, 1858..li.; 1859..cii.; 1860..clxviii. 
Wasps’ nest, facts connected with the history of a, Ixxxvi. 

VOL. V. N.S. PT. Xx.—ocT. 1861. AA 


170 


APHANIPTERA. 


Pulex Imperator, proved to be the young larva of a Blatta, Ix. 


ARACHNIDA. 


Nephila, strength of the web of a, xxxili. 


COLEOPTERA. 


Abreus granulum, a new British species, ]xii. 

nigricornis, a new British species, xiv. 
Acylophorus glabricollis, a new British species, ]xxvi. 
Agomorphus remotus, Pascoe, 29. 
Atrenea cognata, Pascoe, 36. 

terrena, Pascoe, 36. 
Agathomerus Salléi, Baly, 153. 
Agnia fasciata, Pascoe, liv. 
Ammecius brevis, a new British species, cxxxvil. 
Amphionycha circumeincta, Pascoe, 54. 
Anisotoma nigrita, a new British species, xiii. 
Anomesia dolosa, Pascoe, 53. 
Anthicus bimaculatus, a new British species, cv. 
Apomecyna nigrita, Pascoe, 49. 
Arrhenodes maxillosus, capture of, at Camden- town, 1xxii. 
Astathes externa, Pascoe, 46. 

decipiens, Pascoe, 46. 

divisa, Pascoe, 47. 
Athemistus, characters of, 49. 
Augomela dives, Baly, 157. 

ornata, Baly, 157. 

? an apparently new British species, exxviii. 


Bagous 
Bembidium nigricorne, a new British species, cv. 
Bostrichide, notes on the habits of, 218. 
Brachonyx indigena, a new British species, cxxiii. 
Brachytria pulcherrima, Pascoe, 28. 
Bradycellus harpalinus, a new British species, ¢xXxxviil. 
Bruchi, observations on the species of, cxiii. 
Cacia triloba, Pascoe, 44. 
Callia chrysomelina, Pascoe, 45. 
Calliaspis Bohemani, Baly, 159. 
Callichroma Thomsoni, Pascoe, 24. 
trogoninum, Pascoe, 24. 
Calodera riparia, a new British species, xiv. 
Cassida, of the Linnean collection, cxli. 
Catoxantha carinata, White, |xiv. 
Caulophilus sculpturatus, Woll., 368. 
Caulotrupis Chevrolatii, Woll., note on, 377. 
conicollis, Woll., note on, 378. 
impius, Woll., note on, 376. 


171 


COLEOPTERA —continued. 


€aulotrupis lacertosus, Woll., note on, 876. 
lucifugus, Woll., note on, 377. 
opacus, Woll., note on, 377. 
subnitidus, Woll., note on, 376. 
terebrans, Woll., note on, 377. 
Ceragenia sericata, Pascoe, 16. 
Cerambyx aureipennis, Pascoe, |xxxiv. 
consocius, Pascoe, 20. 
demissus, Pascoe, 21. 
macilentus, Pascoe, 20. 
venustus, Pascoe, 19. 
vernicosus, Pascoe, 19. 
versutus, Pascoe, 20. 
Cerepsius histrio, Pascoe, 45. 
patronus, Pascoe, 43. 
Ceutorhynchus Syrites, a new British species, cxxiv. 
tarsalis, a new British species, cxxv. 
Chetloxena, characters of, 254. 
Westwoodii, 255. 
Cissid@, notes on the British species of, 260. 
Cis affinis, Gyll., 208. 
Alni, Gyll., 206. 
Boleti, Scop., 202. 
cornutus, Gyll., 208. 
bidentatus, Oliv., 206. 
festivus, Panz., 205. 
fuscatus, Mellié, 205. 
glabriculus, Gyll., 208. 
hispidus, Payk., 204. 
micans, Herbst., 204. 
nitidus, Herbst, 207. 
pygmaeus, Steph., 205. 
villosulus, Marsh., 203. 
Clytus ascendens, Pascoe, 27. 
Balyi, Pascoe, 27. “ 
Bowringii, Pascoe, 28. 
Walkeri, Pascoe, 27. 
Coleoptera, mode of setting, xvii. 
Collyrodes, characters of, 25. 
Lacordairei, Pascoe, 25. 
Colobothea Fryi. Pascoe, 52. 
longimana, Pascoe, 52. 
luctuosa, Pascoe, 53. 
Conosoma pedicularium, a new British species, Ixxii. 
Coptops nanus, Pascoe, 39. 
Corticaria, a revision of the British species of, 134. 
crenulata, Gyll., 135. 
AA 2 


172 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Corticaria cylindrica, Mann, 139. 
denticulata, Gyll., 136. 
elongata, Gyll., 140. 
ferruginea, Gyll., 141. 
fulva, Chevrier, 137. 
fuscula, Gyll., 144. 
gibbosa, Payk., 142. 
pubescens, Gyll., 134. 
serrata, Payk., 138. 
Wollastoni, Waterh., 143. 
Cossonides, on the Atlantic, 362. 
Crioceris Adonis, Baly, 150. 
Bakewellit, Baly, 151. 
flavipennis, Baly, 151. 
pulchella, Baly, 152. 
Cryphalus Abietis, a new British species, cv. 
Fagi, a new British species, cv. 
Cychramus fungicola, a new British species, cxxiv. 
Deuteromma mutica, Pascoe, 25. 
Diachromus germanus, capture of, cxxvii. 
Didymocantha cylindricollis, Pascoe, 18. 
Diotima, characters of, 57. 
undulata, Pascoe, 58. 
Dolichotoma gloriosa, Baly, 160. 
Donacia Comari, a new British species, cxxviil, CXXxX1il. 
obscura, anew British species, Ixxxiii. 
notes on the British species of, 212. 
Dorcatoma chrysomelina, a new British species, cxxvil. 
Doryphora cruciata, Stal., 153. 
De Gandei, Baly, 154. 
Drilus flavescens, larva of, ix. 
Dystheta, characters of, 31. 
anomala, Pascoe, 31. 
Elaterid@, notes upon the species of, in the Stephensian cabinet, 88. 
Emus hirtus, captured at Southend, lxxx. 
Epitrix atrope, a new British species, cxxxi. 
Epurea neglecta, a new British species, Ixiii. 
Eremotes, characters of, 364. 
crassicornis, Brullé, 365. 
Eroschema, characters of, 17. 
Poweri, Pascoe, 17. 
Esmia, characters of, 55. 
turbata, Pascoe, 55. 
Exocentrus hamaticollis, Pascoe, 37. 
hispidulus, Pascoe, 37. 
inclusus, Pascoe, 38. 
Glenia commissa, Pascoe, 54. 


173 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Glenia scapifera, Pascoe, 54. 
Golsinda infausta, Pascoe, 41. 
Gonioctena flexuosa, Baly, 156. 
Gyaritus levicollis, Pascoe, 38. 
Haploglossa gentilis, a new British species, Ixviii. 
rufipennis, a new British species, cv. 
Hathlia grammica, Pascoe, 49. 
murina, Pascoe, 50. 
procera, Pascoe, 50. 
Helophorus intermedius, a new British species, Ixxvi. 
Hesthesis meerens, Pascoe, 21. 
Hesycha albilatera, Pascoe, 36. 
Nyphonoides, Pascoe, 36. 
Heterocerus flexuosus, Steph., 167. 
fusculus, Kiesenw., 166. 
levigatus, Panz., 162. 
marginatus, Fabr., 1695. 
obsoletus, Curtis, 164. 
rectus, Waterh., 168. 
sericans, Kiesenw., 166. 
Heaxarthrum, characters of, 366. 
capitulum, Woll., 366. 
Hister marginatus, a new British species, xiv. 
Homalomelas zonatus, Pascoe, 23. 
Homaiota imbecilla, Waterh., xvi. 
plumbea, Waterh., xv. 
sublerranea, a new British species, cxx1. 
Hoplionota Templetoni, Baly, 158. 
Hydrochus carinatus, a new British species, Ixxxiv. 
Hydroporus Lapponum ? a new British species, xxxvil. 
Hylastes cunicularius, a new British species, cxxxviil. 
Hylobius Abtetis, ravages of, in Scotland, cxxix, cxxxiv. 
Hypselomus paganus, Pascoe, 35. 
pupillatus, Pascoe, 35. 
variolosus, Pascoe, 35. 
Tolea histrio, Pascoe, 45. 
proxima, Pascoe, 45. 
Tschnotes Bakewelli, Pascoe, 56. 
Lemophleus duplicatus, a new British species, Ixii. 
Lasiopezus Whitei, Pascoe, 30. 
Lathridius, list of the British species of, 174. 
Leiopus suffusus, Pascoe, 37. 
Leipommata, Woll., note on, 394. 
calcaratum, Woll., 395. 
Lema cognata, Baly, 148. 
De Gandei, Baly, 146. 


174 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Lema Erycina, Baly, 147. 

Fortunei, Baly, 148. 

Hebe, Baly, 150. 

oculata, Baly, 149. 

variolosa, Baly, 146. 
Leptinotarsa porosa, Baly, 155. 
Leptoderus Hohenwartii, capture of, ix. 
Lissonotus Shepherdi, Pascoe, 16. 


Lomaptera, note on the sexual differences in the genus, vit. 


Maerotoma gemella, Pascoe, 15. 
Mallodon figuratum, Pascoe, 14. 
fulvipenne, Pascoe, 15. 
Mecynopus semivitreus, Pascoe, 56. 
Mesites, Schon., note on, 400. 
complanatus, Woll., 401. 
Euphorbia, Woll., 403. 
fusiformis, Woll., 405. 
maderensis, Woll., 408. 
persimilis, Woll., 402. 
proximus, Woll., 404. 
pubipennis, Woll., 406. 
Mesosa columba, Pascoe, 40. 
Mesoxenus Bewickianus, Woll., note on, 397. 
Monixianus, Woll., note on, 396. 
Meton Digglesii, Pascoe, 59. 
granulicollis, Pascoe, 42. 
Micropeplus, remarks on species of, exliii. 
Microtragus Amycteroides, Pascoe, 61. 
Microxylobius, characters of, 378. 
Chevrolatii, Woll., 3838. 
conicollis, Woll., 384. 
lacertosus, Woll., 381. 
lucifugus, Woll., 382. 
terebrans, Woll., 383. 
Westwoodii, Chev., note on, 581. 
Monohammus commixtus, Pascoe, 42. 
Grayii, Pascoe, liv. 
Mycetoporus angularis, a new British species, cxxxvil. 
Nebria nivalis, a new British species, xxxvil. 
Notolophia dispersa, Pascoe, 47. 
variabilis, Pascoe, 47. 
Nyphena Bakewellii, Pascoe, 38. 
insularis, Pascoe, 39. 
pullata, Pascoe, 39. 
Nyssicus, characters of, 17. 
Ocyusa ruficornis, a new British species, X1ii. 


175 


COLEOPTERA —continued. 


Obrium ibidionoides, Pascoe, 26. 
laterale, Pascoe, 26. 
mecestum, Pascoe, 26. 
Olenocamptus clarus, Pascoe, 44. 
Olibrus oblongus, a new British species, ]xiii. 
Oligota atomaria, a new British species, | xii. 
Omotes erosicollis, Pascoe, 57. 
Onychocerus albitarsis, Pascoe, 31. 
Onycholips, characters of, 389. 
bifurcatus, Woll., 394. 
' Opilus univittatus, a new British species, XXXVil. 
Oreodera cretifera, Pascoe, 29. 
Ostedes, characters of, 43. 
pauperata, Pascoe, 44. 
Oxycephala imperialis, Baly, 1xxxviii. 
Oxylymma, characters of, 21. 
lepida, Pascoe, 22. 
Oxypoda ? aterima, Waterh., xxii. 
nigrina, Waterh., xiv. 
nigrofusca, Waterh., xv. 
spectabilis, a new British species, xlvil. 
Pachypexa simplex, Pascoe, 55. 
Paralina, characters of, 155. 
Pausside, on the habits of, i1. 
Pempsamacra vestita, Pascoe, 57. 
Pentarthrum, Woll., note on, 397. 
cylindricum, Woll., 398. 
Pentatemnus, characters of, 385. 
arenarius, Woll., 388. 
Penthea conferta, Pascoe, 40. 
Phemone, characters of, 48. 
frenata, Pascoe, 48. 
Philonthus fuscus, a new British species, 1xxxiil. 
Phleophagus affinis, Woll., 373. 
calvus, Woll., 370. 
caulium, Woll., 371. 
laurineus, Woll., 371. 
piceus, Woll., 374. 
simplicipes, Woll., 374. 
sulcipennis, Woll., 369. 
tenax, Woll., 370. 
Platystethus nitens, a new British species, Ixii. 
Polyrhaphis Jansoni, Pascoe, 30. 
Porphyraspis pulchella, Baly, 159. 
Psilomorpha apicalis, Pascoe, 58. 
Ptinella angustula, a new British species, |xiii. 
Ralisbonensis, a new British species, Ixii. 


176 


COLEOPTER A—continued. 


Ptinella tenella, a new British species, 1xiii. 
Quedius infuscatus, a new British species, exXxvui. 
truncicola, a new British species, cv. 
Raphidia ? habits of, Ixix. 
Rhagiomorpha exilis, Pascoe, 58. 
Rhagonycha elongata, a new British species, exxiil. 
Rhipiphorus paradozus, observations on, Ixxxvi. 
Rhopalodontus perforatus, a new British species, exxilt. 
Rhyncolus crassirostris, Woll., 367. 
Rhytiphora cretata, Pascoe, 60. 
polymita, Pascoe, 60. 

Ropica ExocentroidesPascoe, 61. 

incana, Pascoe, 50. 

preusta, Pascoe, 51. 

stigmatica, Pascoe, 51. 

varipennis, Pascoe, 51. 
Sagra, Adonis, Lacord., note on, 238. 

bicolor, Lacord., 249. 

carbunculus, Hope, 244. 

descriptions of some new species of, Ne., 236. 

Dohrnii, Baly, 253. = 

emarginata, Baly, 246. 

Fabricii, Lacord., note on, 238. 

formosa, Lacord., note on, 288. 

heterodera, Lacord., note on, 238. 

ignita, Lacord., note on, 238. 

Jansoni, Baly, 243. 

Javeti, Baly, 240. 

Kirbyi, Baly, 250. 

lucida, Baly, 245. 

Murrayi, Baly, 251. 

nigrita, Oliv., note on, 236. 

Parryi, Baly, 247. 

perlucida, Lacord., note on, 237. 

Petellii, Lacord., note on, 236. 

Pfeifferi, Baly, 239. 

pygmea, Lacord., note on, 238. 

seraphica, Lacord., note on, 238. 

splendida, Weber, note on, 236. 

Stevensi, Baly, 241. ; 

tabular list of the species of, 256. 

Weberi, Lacord., note on, 238. 
Saperda funesta, Pascoe, 53. 
Saprinus immundus, a new British species, xiv. 

metallicus, Fabr., a new British species, xiv. 

Scolytida, notes on the habits of, 218. 
Scolytus destructor, note on, XXiv. 


Lrigg 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Scolytus destructor, on the ravages of, iil. 

Pruni, a new British species, lxxii. 
Sebasmia, characters of, 18. 

Templetoni, Pascoe, 19. 
Sitaris humeralis, observations on, Ixxx. 
Solenogenys, characters of, 170. 
foeeda, Westw., 171. 

Stenoderus labiatus, Pascoe, 24. 
Stenotis, Wool., note on, 399. 

acicula, Woll., 400. 

Stenus opticus, a new British species, ]xxii. 
palustris, a new British species, xlvil. 
picipennis, a new British species, xiv. 
proditor, a new British species, Lxii. 

Sthenias Bondii, Pascoe, 48. 

Strophosonus limbatus, feeding on Rhododendrons, Ixxviii. 

Symbiotes latus, a new British species, xlvii. 

note on, liv. 

Symphyletes cinnamomeus, Pascoe, 59. 

metutus, Pascoe, 40. 
sodalis, Pascoe, 41. 

Tachinus laticollis, a new British species, Ixxxiii. 

Temnosternus dissimilis, Pascoe, 59. 

Thranius, characters of, 22. 

bimaculatus, Pascoe, 23. 
gibbosus, Pascoe, 23. 
Tmesisternus lotor, Pascoe, lxxxiv. 
Trichomesia, characters of, 18. 
Newmani, Pascoe, 18. 
Trinodes hirtus, description of the larva of, Ixix. 
Tritocosmia Digglesii, Pascoe, 58. 
paradoxa, Pascoe, 56. 
rubea, Pascoe, 24. 
Trypanidius geminus, Pascoe, 29. 
Zygocera barbicornis, Pascoe, 34. 
bifasciata, Pascoe, 32. 
complexa, Pascoe, 34. 
Mace Leayi, Pascoe, 32. 
pentheoides, Pascoe, 32. 
plumifera, Pascoe, 33. 
pumila, Pascoe, 33. 


CRUSTACEA. 


Cephaloniscus Grayanus, White, xlviii. 
Niphargus Kochianus, capture of, exl. 


178 


DIPTERA. 


Achias, singular species of, 417. 
Anthomyia prolectata, Wallf., 317. 
protrita, Walk., 317. 

Anthrax trifigurata, Walk., 285. 

Aricia circulatriz, Walk., 316. 
inducta, Walk., 316. 
procedens, Walk., 315. 
rescita, Walk., 315. 

Asilus inamatus, Walk., 283. 
perrumpens, Walk., 283. 

Asteia ? tenuis, Walk., 331. 

Atomosia sericans, Walk., 282. 

Bibio birudis, Walk., 332. 

criorhinus ? Bellardi, 331. 

Bombylius albovitta ? Macq., 286. 

furiosus, Walk., 286. 
Bricinnia, characters of, 324. 

flexivitta, Walk., 324. 
Calliphora femorata, Walk., 310. 

socors, Walk., 311. 
Calobata bicolor, Walk., 327. 

cyanescens, Walk., 327. 
Ceria cacica, Walk., 288. 
Charax, characters of, 325. 

planidorsum, Walk., 325. 

Chrysochlora purpurea, Walk., 271. 

Chrysomyia inclinata, Walk., 311. 

Chrysopila basalis, Walk., 285. 

trifasciata, Walk., 284. 

Chyliza nigro-viridis, Walk., 330. 

Clitellaria obesa, Walk., 270. 

Ceelopa offendens, Walk., 320. 

Ceenosia intacta, Walk., 318. 

Conops bipunctata ? Loew, 293. 

Cyphomyia simplex, Walk., 268. 

Cyrtus orbifer, Walk., 276. 

Dacus brevistriga, Walk., 322. 
incisus, Walk., 523. 
pectoralis, Walk., 322. 
squalidus, Walk., 323. 

Damalis signatus, Walk., 284. 

Dasypogon decretus, Walk., 279. 

gelascens, Walk., 277. 
inopinatus, Walk., 278. 
inopportunus, Walk., 278. 
proclivis, Walk., 277. 
secabilis, Walk., 276. 


179 


DIPTERA — continued. 


Devwia pertecta, Walk., 307. 
Dilophus desistens, Walk., 332. 
Diopsis obstans, Walk., 329. 
Diptera, characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W. Saunders, 
Esq., 268. 
Discocephala divisa, Walk., 279. 
interlineata, Walk., 279. 
Drosophila dorsivitta, Walk., 330, 
inversa, Walk., 331. : 
Dryomyza maculiceps, Walk., 319. 
Echinomyia albiceps, Walk., 295. 
ludens, Walk., 295. 
Elaphomyia, characters of, 413. 
Alcicornis, Saund., 415. 
brevicornis, Saund. 415. 
cervicornis, Saund., 414. 
polita, Saund. 416. 
Wallacei, Saund., 414. 
Eristalis basiger, Walk., 290. 
expictus, Walk., 290. 
familiaris, Walk., 290. 
impositus, Walk., 289. 
involvens, Walk., 291. 
transpositus, Walk., 289. ° 
Eurigaster commetans, Walk., 299. 
desita, Walk., 299. 
fertoria, Walk., 300. 
habilis, Walk., 301. 
postica, Walk., 301. 
saginata, Walk., 298. 
Helomyza bipunctata, Walk., 319. 
gratiosa, Walk., 319. 
Hybos vittatus, Walk., 286. 
Hylemyia probata, Walk., 318. 
Jurinia debitrix, Walk., 296. 
innovata, Walk., 296. 
Lampria bitincta, Walk., 280. 
Laphria abscissa, Walk., 282. 
componens, Walk., 281. 
formidolosa, Walk., 280. 
triligata, Walk., 281. 
Limnobia nigricola, Walk., 333. 
stupens, Walk., 333. 
Lonchcea diserepans, Walk., 322. 
Loxocera ? quadrilinea, Walk., 329. 
Lucilia inventrix, Walk., 312. 
surrepens, Walk., 512. 
Lydella cessatrix, Walk., 305. 


180 


DIPTERA—continued. 


Lydella? indita, Walk., 306. 
Masicera alacris, Walk., 304. 
disputans, Walk., 302. 
eapergita, Walk, 304. 
gentica, Walk., 302. 
incivica, Walk., 305. 
necopina, Walk., 303. 
Michogaster basistriga, Walk., 328. 
marginalis, Walks, 328. 
Musca perlata, Walk., 314. 
sensifera, Walk., 314, 
Nemopoda induans, Walk., 329. 
Nemoreéa erythropus, Walk., 298. 
intrita, Walk., 297. 
Ophyra congressa, Walk., 317. 
intendens, Walk., 316. 
Opomyza signicosta, Walk., 330. 
Ortalis alternata, Walk., 326. 
bipars, Walk., 326. 
leucomelas, Walk., 325. 
Pachyrhina nigrolutea, Walk. 334. 
Pangonia atrifera, Walk., 272. 
tenuirostris, Walk., 272. 
Paragus signatus, Walk., 288.+ 
Psilopus hereticus, Walk., 287. 
peractus, Walk., 287. 
permodicus, Walk., 288, 
solidus, Walk., 287. 
Ptilocera Natalensis, Walk., 268. 
Pyrellia scordalus, Walk., 313. 
specialis, Walk., 313. 
suspicax, Walk., 312. 
Sapromyza apta, Walk., 321. 
Sarcophaga conclausa, Walk., 309. 
despensa, Walk., 309. 
effrenata, Walk., 309. 
fortipes, Walk., 310. 
innota, Walk., 308. 
intermutans, Walk., 308. 
perneta, Walk., 308. 
Sargus subinterruptus ? Bellardi, 271. 
rufibasis, Walk., 271. 
Sciomyza transducta, Walk., 320. 
Simulium ochraceum, Walk., 332. 
Stratiomys constricta, Walk., 269. 
= pinguis, Walk., 270. 
Syrphus colludens, Walk., 293. 


181 


DIPTERA—continued. 


Tabanus abscondens, Walk., 275. 
alteripennis, Walk., 274. 
commixtus, Walk., 273. 
dorsifer, Walk., 273. 
incipiens, Walk., 275. 
purus, Walk., 274. 
— ?a pest on the Gold coast, exix. 
Tachina despicienda, Walk., 306. 
Temnocera unilecta, Walk., 292. 
viridula, Walk., 292. 
Tetanocera discalis, Walk., 321. 
pectoralis, Walk., 321. 
Thereva, carnivorous habits of a species of, lix. 
Tipula associans, Walk., 333. 
dispellens, Walk., 334. ™* 
Trupanea apivora, Walk., 282. 
lateralis, Walk., 283. 
Trypeta polygramma, Walk., 326. 
Volucella aperta, Walk., 292. 
Yylota subcostalis, Walk., 291. 


HYMENOPTERA. 


Anthidium cordatum, habits of, x. 

Anthophora ? habits of, x. 

Apis Liguria, introduced in Britain, Ixxxvili, cxxvi. 
Bethyllus depressus, a vew British species, lxv. 
Bombus, parasites of, cxl. 

Dorylus, habits of, xxviii. 

Hemiteles formosus, Desv., 211. 

Hymenoptera of Natal, habits of the, ix. 

2? nest of, lv. 


Larrada 
Pelopeus chalybeus, habits of, x. 
Pexomachus, notes on the economy of, 209. 
Sphex Lanierii, nest of, lv. 

Vespa vulgaris, hybernation of, cix. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 


Acidalia herbariata, a new British species, xii. 
Acrobasis rubrotibiella, a new British species, xxxviil. 
Adela Natalensis, Staint., 222. 
Adolias, monograph of the genus, 62. 

Aconthia, Cram., 62. 

Adima, Moore, 76. 

Adonia, Cram., 67. 

Alpheda, Godt., 66. 

Ambalika, Moore, 74. 

Anosia, Boisd., 65. 


182 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. |g 
Adolias Apiades, Menetries, 77. 
Cocytina, Horsfd., 75. | 


Cocytus, Fabr., 76. 
Confucius, Westw., 79. 
Coresia, Hub., 82. 
Dirtea, Fabr., 84. 
Dunya, Doubl., 84. 
Durga, Moore, 80. 
Epiona, Gray, 79. 
Evelina, Stoll., 75. 
Francie, Gray, 81. 
Garuda, Moore, 64. 
Gopia, Moore, 738. 
Hesperus, Fabr., 85. 
Iva, Moore, 78. | 
Jahnu, Moore, 74. 
Japis, Godt., 73. 
Kanda, Moore, 69. 
Kardama, Moore, 80. 
Kesava, Moore, 67. | 
Lubentina, Cram., 67. | 
Lutala, Moore, 71. 
Mahadeva, Moore, 68. 
Merta, Moore, 72. 
Monima, Fabri., 86. 
Nara, Moore, 78. 
Nesimachus, Boisd., 83. 
Nicea, Gray, 83. 
Palguna, Moore, 70. 
Parta, Moore, 63. 
Pelea, Fabr., 86. 
Phemius, Doubl., 65. 
Pulasara, Moore, 71. 
Puseda, Moore, 71. 
Ramada, Moore, 69. 
Sahadeva, Moore, 80. 
Salia, Moore, 69. 
Sananda, Moore, 76. 
Sancara, Moore, 78. 
Sedeva, Moore, 68. 
Sikandi, Moore, 75. 
Siva, Westw., 85. ' 
Telchinea, Menetries, 77. 
Tenta, Doubl., 81. 
Trigerta, Moore, 72. 
Vasanta, Moore, 77. 
Agrias Hewitsonius, Bates, exi. 


183 


LEPIDOPTERA—ccntinued. 


Agrias, notes on, 2. 
Pericles, Bates, cxi. 
Sardanapalus, Bates, cxi. 
Anatole, note on, 5 
Anarsia candida, Staint., 114. 
Atkinsonia, characters of, 125. 
Clerodendronella, Atkinson, 125. 
Butalis triocellata, Staint., 120. 
Caerois choringus, note on, 4. 
Callithea Sapphira,economy of, 3. 
Calydne, notes on, 9. 
Carpocapsa saltitans, Westw., Xxvii. 
Catephia alchymista, a new British Noctua, xliii. 
Cemiostoma, a new species, xxvii. 
Wailesella, a new species, xxi. 
Ceromitia Wahlbergi, Zell., 222. 
Cerostoma albofasciella, Staint., 114. 
rugosella, Staint., 113. 
Charis, note on, 8. 
Cheimatobia brumata, ravages of the larva of, xxxi. 
Clostera anachoreta, capture of, Ixxvii. 
Coleophora, descriptions of five new species of, 408. 
Artemisiella, Scott, 409. 
Ardeepennella, Scott, 410. 
Melilotella, Scott, 408. 
politella, Scott, 410. 
Wilkinsoni, Scott, 411. 
Cosmopteryx eneella, Staint., 124. 
Asiatica, Staint., 122. 
semicoccinea, Staint., 123. 
Cybdelis, note on, 4. 
Depressaria? Ricinella, Atkinson, 110. 
Ricini, Atkinson, 115. 
Zizyphi, Atkinson, 116. 
Diasemia Ramburialis, a new British species, xxxix. 
Emesis, note on, 9d. ; 
Ephyra, hybrid specimen of, cxvi. 
Erateina, Doubl., observations on the genus, with descriptions of some new 
species, 261. 
lineata, Saund., 265. 
margarita, Saund., 266. 
obscura, Saund., 266. 
Regina, Saund., 264. 
sinuata, Saund., 263. 
undulata, Saund., 263. 
Erycina Amazon, Saund., 97. 
Atahualpa, Saund., 101. 


184 


LEPIDOPTERA —continued. 


Erycina Batesii, Saund., 99. 
Bogota, Saund. 98. 
Calphurnia, Saund., 106. 
Colubra, Saund., 103. 
Eryxo, Saund., 104. 
Etias, Saund., 102. 
Heliconoides, Swains., 99. 
Huana, Saund., 100. 
Huascar, Saund., 101. 
Ocollo, Saund., 105. 
Erycinide, pup2 of, 6. 
Gelechia Cornubia, a new British species, xxxix. 
2 Hibisci, Atkinson, 117. 
leucomelanella, a new British species, xxxix. 
marginipunctella, Staint., 118. 
ocellatella, a new British species, xxxix. 
? pubescentella, Staint., 117. 
simpliciella, Staint., 118. 
Glyphipteryx Scheenicolella, a new British species, x). 
Gonepteryx Rhamni, var. Cleopatra, exliii. 
Gracilaria auricilla, Staint., 120. 
falcatella, Staint., 121. 
ustulatella, Staint., 121. 
Heliconida, notes on, l. 
Hyponomeuta Africanus, Staint., 222. 
fumigatus, Zell., 222. 
Ilythia sociella, cocoons of, found in the stomach of a cow, Ixxv. 
Ino, an apparently new species of, Ixxx. 
Lasiommata Megara, variety of, cxxiv. 
Laverna Mimosa, Staint., 126. 
Lemonias, note on, 5. 
Leucania extranea, anew British Noctua, xxix. 
Lithocolletis Helianthemi, habits of, 1xxix. 
Lozostoma, characters of, 124. 
flavofasciata, Staint., 124. 
semisulphurea, Staint., 125. 
Lycena Beetica, taken near Brighton, Ixxix. 
Lymnas, note on, 6. 
Lyropteryx Appollonia, Westw., 109. 
Lyra, Saund., 109. 
Margarodes unionalis,a new British species, Ixxxviii. 
Mesosemia, notes on, 4. 
Micra parva, a new British Noctua, xlii. 
Necyria Hewitsonii, Saund., 106. 
Manco, Saund., 107. 
Tapaja, Saund., 108. 


185 


LEPIDOPTER A—continued. 


Noctua flammatra, a new British species, ]xxix. 
Nonagria Bondii, Knages, cxxxiii. 
Notodonta bicolora, a new British species, xxxvi. 
Nymphidium, note on, 4. 
@ceophora subganomella, Staint., 119. 
Ornithoptera, capture of a new species of, Ixx. 
Ornix albifrons, Staint., 122. 
Panara Barsacus, note on, 9. 
Pandora Prola, habits of, xxii. 
Papilio Aineas, and allies, note on, 839. 
Aneides, note on, 345. 
Aglaope, note’on, 343. 
Anchisiades, and allies, note on, 338. 
Antenor, capture of, cxviii. 
Ariarathes, note on, 336. 
Autosilaus, note on, 348. 
Belus, Cram., note on, 227. 
Bolivar, note on, 342. 
Caudius, note on, 1. 
Cinyras, note on, 347. 
Chabrias, note on, 543. 
Choridamus, and allies, note on, 336. 
Columbus, note on, 348. 
Crassus, Cram., note on, 227. 
Dolicaon, note on, 348. 
Echelus, note on, 344. 
Echephron, Bates, 345. 
Ergeteles, note on, 344. 
Hierocles, note on, 341. 
Hippason, note on, 337. 
Tlus, and allies, note on, 339. 
Lycidas, Cram., 228. 
Lycophron, note on, 347. 
Lysander, note on, 343. 
Numitor, Cram., 228. 
Olivencius, Bates, 345. 
Orellana, note on, 343. 
Orsillus, note on, 346. 
Pausanias, note on, 380. 
Podalirius, and allies, note on, 348. 
Polycaon, note on, 346. 
Polydamus, Linn., note on, 228. 
Protesilaus, note on, 348. 
Sesostris, note on, 339. 
Thoas, and allies, note on, 346. 
Torquatus, notes on, 1, 347. 
Triopas, note on, 343. 
VOL, V. N.S. PT. x.—ocT. 1861. 


BB 


186 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 
Papilio Ulyssinus, Westw., Ixxiii. 
Varus, Kollar, note on, 228. 
Vertumnus, note on, 340. 
Zacynthus, note on, 346. 
Zagreus, and allies, note on, 348. 
Parasia apicipunctella, Staint., 119. 
Pterophorus brachydactylus, taken in Cumberland, Ixxix. 
Psyche roboricolella, a new British species, lvi. 
salicolella, a new British species, lvi. 
tabulella, a new British species, lvi. 
Siderone Mars, Bates, cxii. 


Sphinx Pinastri, said to have been captured at Romsey, cvi. 


Stathmopoda pedella, capture of, cxxii. 
Symmachia, note on, 5. 
Syrmatia, note on, 8. 
Theclida, notes on, 10. 
Tharops, note on, 5. 
Thyridopteryx Sierricola, White, xxxii. 
Tinea Gigantella, Staint., 221. 
longicornis, Staint., 113. 
purpurea, Staint., 221. 
rutilicostella, Staint., 221. 
Trochilium Musceformis, eapture of, cxxii. 
Zeonia, habits of, 7. 
NEUROPTERA. 


Apochrysa beata, Walk., 184. 
Ascalaphus decrepitus, Walk., 197. 
flavilinea, Walk., 197. 
intractabilis, Walk., 196. 
leucostigma, Walk., 195. 
sublugens, Walk., 196. 
unicus, Walk., 195. 
Berotha, characters of, 186. 
insolita, Walk., 187. 
Chrysopa ignobilis, Walk., 183. 
Mozambica, Walk., 184. 
pubicosta, Walk., 183. 
Cloeon debilis, Walk., 199. 
Curgia, characters of, 179. 
braconoides, Walk., 179. : 
Drepanepteryx falculoides, Walk., 185. 
Ephemera dislocans, Walk., 198. 
Hemerobius decisus, Walk., 185. 
setosulus, Walk., 186. 
Tasmania, Walk., 186. 
Hermes corripiens, Walk., 180. 
decemmaculatus, Walk., 180. 
Leptocerus abjurans, Walk., 177. 


| 
| 
: 


187 


NEUROPTERA—continued. 


Leptocerus niveistigma, Walk., 176. 
quadrifurca, Walk., 177. 
Libellula pectoralis, a new British species, ]xxxix. 
Limnophilus borealis, a new British species, cxxxviii. 
griseus, note on, 176. 
Macronema percitans, Walk., 177. 
Mantispa compellens, Walk., 181. 
-lurida, Walk., 181. 
umbripennis, Walk., 181. 
Musarna, characters of, 178. 
aperiens, Walk., 178. 
claudens, Walk., 179. 
interclusa, Walk., 178. 
Myrmeleon albidilinea, Walk., 189. 
ambiguus, Walk., 192. 
conicollis, Walk., 188. 
contractus, Walk., 192. 
eccentros, Walk., 198. 
excogitans, Walk., 190. 
incuratus, Walk., 191. 
indiges, Walk., 189. 
insolitus, Walk., 194. 
nigriventris, Walk., 188. 
obducens, Walk., 190. 
peculiaris, Walk., 194, 
perplexus, Walk., 191. 
pubiventris, Walk., 189. 
trigroides, Walk., 187. 
Neuroptera, characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W. 
Saunders, Esq., 176. 
Osmylus punctipennis, Walk., 183. 
Palingenia annulifera, Walk., 199. 
continua, Walk., 199. 
Phryganea divulsa, Walke, 176. 
Polamanthus exspectans, Walk., 198. 
Psocus reponens, Walk., 198. 
Varnia, characters of, 182. 
perloides, Walk., 182. - 


ORTHOPTERA. 


Blatta acervorum, a new British species, Ixv. 
Mantis, habits of a species of, cxxxvi. 


STREPSIPTERA., 
Myrmecolax, characters of, 419. 
Nietneri, Westw., 419. 
Strepsipterous insect parasitic in ants, 418. 
Stylops, a contribution to the History of, 127. 


LONDON: 


PRINTED BY C. ROWORTH AND SONS, 
BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR. 


GENERAL INDEX 


TO 


THE FIVE VOLUMES COMPOSING THE SECOND OR 


NEW SERIES 


OF THE 


TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS. 


Nore.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned, the descrip 


tion thereof is :eferred to. 


The large Roman Numerals refer to the Volumes ; the Arabic figures to 
the pages of the Transactions ; and the small Roman Numerals to 


the pages of the Journal of Proceedings. 


PAGE PAGE 
GENERAL SUBJECIS.eeeeess 189 | HOMOPTERA ....+0c0e00 Seas 
APHANIPTERA «.ee++eeeees 195 | HiyMENOPTERA ....<0-s eon Pelt 
IAPTERA ciccee cle cloiicls asia) oot LO OMMILEPIDOPIE RAtsielclelereicienele elem canl 
ARACHNIDMctesiceesecvscs cs 195 | NEUROPTERA ‘sicisice'> sisioprelanne 4.0) 
GOEEGPTERA | ciefelelclersieles can L9DG|s ORTHOP TER AG cleradicieleleis ekels 248 
@RUSTACEA) os sioleclecisisle sale 4e LOUlt SIEREPSIP Mei Avers co aielerets ieleter= 248 
DIPTERA ..s0.0- Stetseracers vise pS ilbdhei|| av WEnSSIAINUD RIAU stonecetetolels ©. oxoiels 249 
HIEMTe TER ates pa cielecieteleleres 225 


GENERAL SUBJECTS. 


Address, Anniversary, 1851, I., xlix. 

1852, I., exxxi. 

1853, II.; xl. 

1854, II., cxlii. 

1855, IIL., xviii. 

=1856, IIT., exxxi. 

1857, IV., xl. 

1858; IV..,ici. 

1859, V., xci. 

1860, V., cxlvil. 

President’s Inaugural, 1851, L., Ixv. 
Alternation of generation in insects, I., 234, exiii; II., eviil. 
Antenne, functions of the, III., exvii. 
Anthemis cotula, insects reared from, IIL., xliii. 
Ants’ nests, butterfly found in, V., Ixviil. 
formed of mineral substance, V., exvil. 
mode of capturing insects in, 1V., xil. 
Aru Islands, Entomology of, IV., xci. 
Associates, repeal of Bye-laws relating to, III., xci. 
VOL. V. N.S. CC 


190 General Index. 


GENERAL SUBJ ECTS—continued. 


Bee-hives, improvements in, IITI., xlii. 
on a new construction, V., xvii, xxxv. 

Bees, construction of cells, V., xvii, xxxiv, xxviii, xli, 
drinking from a chalybeate spring, V., Ixxvill. 
natural cross-breeding in, V., cxxvi. 
toads destructive to, IT., cxxxi. 

Books, scientific, the spirit with which they should be studied, ITI., 

Cxxi. ; 
Breeding-cages, note on, II., xevile 
British Butterflies, geographical distribution of, V., 229. 
Sphingide, remarks on occurrence of rare species, V., cxix. 

Bye-Laws relating to Associates repealed, III., xci, 

Cape of Good Hope, Entomology of, V., lvi. 

Carduus lanceolatus, insects reared from, III., xliv. 

Catalogue of Coleoptera, proposed, IIL., Ixxx, Ixxxvil. 

Caterpillars, poisonous, V., exvi. 

Cells of bees, construction of, V., xvii, xxxiv, xxxviil, xli. 

Champion, Lieut.-Col., obituary notice of, ILI, lui. 

Chinese insects, observations on, I1., 25, 232, ii, vil. 

method of driving away mosquitoes, II., xv. 
taking honey from hives, II., cxxxix. 
wax insects, II., xciii. 

Chloroform, for killing insects, IT., cix. 

for stupifying bees, IT., exxii. 

Cholera, abundance of ‘‘ flies” during prevalence of, II., exxix. 

Clavaria on Lepidopterous larva, ITI., xvi. 

Cochineal insect, new kind of, LI., viii. 

Cockroaches, method of destroying, II., viii, xilk 

a word for, III., Ixxvii. 

Coffee plantations, insects injurious to, V., lix. 

Corn destroyed by Dipterous larve, 1V., v. 

Cornus sanguineus, larva mining leaves of, II., exxvi. 

Dahlias, cure for earwigs attacking, I., exvii, exxix. 

De Haan, W., obituary notice, III., exxxii. 

Doubleday, Edward, biographical notice, I., i. 

Enlarged coloured figures of insects, remarks on, V., Ixvi. 

Entomological students, difficulties of, 111, 84. 

Entomologists treated as trespassers, III., xiv. 

Excrement of insects, III., 18. 

Ferns destroyed by Oniscus Armadillo, 11., exxxii. 

Fertile workers of common honey bee, V., cxviii. 

Fischer von Waldheim, Professor, death of, II., cl. 

Fly-blight of Australia, protection from, IT., xxxvi. 

Food, insects used as human, II., 241, xxxi, exxil. 

Fossorial Hymenoptera, exterior nests of, V., lv. 

Fungus on Heilipus brachypterus, IV., xevii. 

Fungus-like excrescences on a caterpillar, II., xxi, cxix. 


; 

j 

{ 
| 
\ 
; 
4 
| 


General Index. 191 


GENERAL SUBJ ECTS—continued. 


Galls, on Glechoma hederacea, II., exxxiv. 
Rosa canina, 1V., xciv. 
Gelatine for mounting insects on, I., vil. 
Genera, observations on, IV., 113. 
Geographical distribution of insects, I., cxxvii. 
Germar, Dr., death of, II., exxili, cxlix. 
Glechoma hederacea, galls on leaves of, I., exxxiv. 
Gory, Hippolyte, death of, II., lin. 
Grease in insects, cures for, II., xevi, ce, exxxix; III., iv, Ixxxiii, 
Ixxxvii, cxli; V., exliv. 
Hagen’s remarks on Hill’s ‘‘ Decade of Curious Insects,” II., cxx. 
Hermaphrodite insects, I., xxxvi, xxxix, Ixxxii; II., xxxiv, CXxx, CXXXIV 3 
US exxiv 3) Vi.) xxvil. 
Honey, method of obtaining, without destroying bees or brood, V., Ixxv. 
Hybrid insect, V., cxvi. 
Ingpen, Abel, A.L.S., obituary notice, ITI., 1. 
Insects, blind, in caves of Illyria, II., xevii. 
corrosion of pins by, IV., Ixi. 
covered with film, LIT., xvi, xvii. 
difficulty in identifying, remedy proposed, II., xxx. 
of preserving in United States, I., xlv. 
distribution of the Society’s duplicates, III., Ixxxvi. 
effects of certain agents on, I., 195, exxvill. 
excrement of, III., 18. 
exotic, caught in Britain, IT., xxvii, exxxv. 
flying out at sea, IT., iv. 
from Arctic regions, I., exiii, exvii, exxvii, Cxxvill. 
impaled on thorns, I., xvi, xxxvi, Ixxix; II., ix, XXVil, XXxVill, 
evi. 
in amber, IV., xviii. 
in geological strata, note on, III., xlvii. 
in serpents, II., iv. 
in the human body, IL, iv; JII., xxxiii. 
inhabiting caves, I., 134. 
injurious to apple trees, I., xv; II., exxii. 
ash trees, II., exxxvi. 
bamboo, II., i, xxii. 
books, V., lix, Ixv. 
eattle in Africa, II., xevi. 
Chrysanthemum, II., exxx. 
coffee plantations, V., lix. 
corn, I, 107, exxix. 
cotton plant, I., 158. 
Dahhias, I., exvii. 
elms, II., exxxvi. 
ferns, II., cxxxii; III., ¢c. 
figs, I., exiv. 
GCE 


192 General Index. 


GENERAL SUBJECTS—continued. 


Insects injurious to forest trees, III., cii. 
Frencli beans, I., cxiv. 
fruit trees, LII., xxvii, cix. 
gun stocks at Weedon, I1., cxix. 
macaroni, I., exiv. 
mace, II., cxviil. 
mustard, III., xxiv. 
nothera speciosa in India, I., exxix. 
peach trees, II., cxviil. 
pear trees, I., iv, xv, xxxiv, Ixxxv, c. 
pearl barley, 11., exxxv. 
plum trees, II., exviii. 
provisions, II., viii, xxxvii. 
Rhododendrons, I., xvi. 
Ribes sanguineum, I., xv. 
strawberry plants, I., ]xxxil. 
timber, I., exv. 
tobacco, I., xlv. 
turnips, I.,c; IL, eviii. 
wine corks, I., exiv; II., vill, xvii, xxii, xxv. 
method of killing and setting, IT., evi, cxv. 
packing, II., exxxiv. 
motion communicated to seeds by, III., xxviil, xxxiv, vin. 
mouldiness in, IV., Ixi. 
of West Canada, IV., Ixxiv. 
phosphorescence in, ILI., v, xxxiv. 
photographs of, III., xxxvii. 
power of life in, I., exvii, cxxviii. 
preservation of specimens, II., xevi. 
taken by Dr. Livingstone, IV., Ixx. 
far at sea, I., xlv. 
used as human food, II., 241, xxxi, exxii. 
winter, of New York, I., xcv. 
Inula dysenterica, insects reared from, I1I., xliv. 
Jarman, Rev. D., death of, ILI., exxxi. 
Juncus glomeratus, Coleophora reared from, III., xly. 
Kirby, Rev. W., memoir of, L., xix. 
Klug, Dr., death of, LV., xl. 
Lamb, C., death of, TV., xlii. 
Lancey, W., death of, II., cxlviii. 
Larve of the gnat, tenacity of life of, V., Ixxx. | 
Lepidoptera, preparation of, 1V., xxxii. 
Library and Cabinet Committee’s Report, 1850, I., Ix. 
1851, I., clxvi. 
1852, II., xe. 
1853, II., cliti. 
1854, IIL., Ixxii. 


General Index. 193 


GENERAL SUBJECTS—continued. 


Library and Cabinet Committee’s Report, 1855, IIL, cliv. 
1856, IV., lit. 
1857, IV., exiv. 
1858, V., |. 
1859, V., ci. 
1860, V., exlvi. 
Mannerheim, Count, death of, IIT., liv. 
Mould in insects, apparatus for destroying, IT., 19. 
Muller, P. W. J., death of, IL., iii. 
Muscardine in silk worms, I., xxxix. 
prevalence of, among caterpillars in 1853, II., cxxxiii. 
Musquito tobacco, composition of, 1V., Ixvi. 
Mussel-scale blight, proposed as subject of prize essay, II., cvi, cxiv. 
Nets for protection from attacks of flies, II., xxxvi. 
Newport, George, F.R.S., obituary notice of, III., li. 
Oak-galls, made by a new British Cynips, III., xxxv, xl, Ixxvi, Ixxxviil, 
CXIV, CX1X, CXXXVi. 
species of Trochilium and Cynips reared from, III., xxi. 
Oil obtained from cockchefers, I., xcix. 
Onward progress of Entomology, how may it be furthered? IV., 38, 
Parasitic insects, I., 43, 57, xiv, xxxvi, ciii; IL., 83, 125, 141, 248, v, 
ix, CXXiV, CXxx, cxxxv, exxxvili; IV., 115; V., 127, 418, 419, cxl. 
Pistacia lentiscus, insects reared from, III., xlv. 
Poison with laurel leaves, [V., xxiii. 
Pollen, bees feeding on, V., xxxviii, xl. 
masses attached to insects, II., evi, exvill, Cxxvil. 
Potato disease caused by insects, II., xxxv, exxil. 
President’s Address. See ‘‘ Address, Anniversary.” 
Priority in nomenclature, disputed case of, V., xxi. 
Prize Essay on the Duration of Life in the H oney-bee, II., 145, xu, 
° XXXIX. 
Natural History of the Cocci injurious to Fruit 
Trees, IL., evi. 
for 1854 and 1855, III, i. 
for 1856, IV. ix. 
Pseudogynous Lepidoptera, note on, LV., Ixxii. 
Pupa-cases, membranous lining of, V., exl, exliv. 
Recent progress of Micro-Lepidopterology on the Continent, IV., 82, 
Rhododendrons and their enemies, V., ]xxxv. 
Rosa canina, galls on, IV., xciv. 
Scutellar depression, LV, Ixvii. 
Senecio Jacobea, Diptera reared from, III., xliv. 
Siam, Coleoptera of, III., ex. 
Silk called ‘‘ Tsatlee,” how produced, I., ciil. 
new kinds of, II., exxii. 
of Saturnia Cecropia, I11., xevi. 
of the Eria, difficulty of unwinding, ILI., xvi, xxxi. 
Indian method of preparing, LiL., Ixxvi. 


194 General Index. 


GENERAL SUBJ ECTS—continued. 


Silk-felt, produced by Saturnia Pavonia-media, III., xii, exi. 
Silk-worm, the ‘‘ Eria,”’ III., viii. 
new food for, II., xxii. 
Silken web, new kind of, I., i. 
Soap-suds, putrid, attractive to moths, II., xx, xxx. 
Solier, M., death of, IT., lit. 
Sound produced by insects, II., xeviii. 
Species, on the persistence of, V., xxix. 
“Specimen Faunz Subterranee,” by Schiédte, I., 134. 
Spheria in Lepidopterous larve, III, xx. 
Spinola, Marquis, death of, IV., cii. 
Stephens, J. F., death of, IL., xxxviii. 
disposal of collections, II., Ixxxix. 
library, I1., cxiv. 
labours of, II., xlvi. 
remarks respecting his collection, II., 229, cxili, 
Sting of a scorpion, effect of, IV., Ixiv. 
bees, II., 113, 
Sugar, new method of using, as a bait for moths, II., xxx. 
Tarsi, structure of, IV., Ixiii. 
Thompson, W., death of, I1., 1. 
Toads destructive to bees, II., cxxxi. 
Treasurer’s Account for 1850, I., Ixii. 
1851, I., elxvii. 
1852, IL., xci. 
1853, IT., cliv. 
1854, ILI., xxii. 
1855, IIT., clvii. 
1856, IV., liv. 
1857, IV., exv. 
1858, V., li. 
1859, V., cii. 
1860, V., elxviil. 
Tropics, small Coleoptera in the, ILI., xciv. 
Walckenaer, Baron, death of, IT., li. 
Wallace, A. R., loss of his collections, II., xxix. 
Wasp’s nest, fact connected with the history of a, V., Ixxxvi. 
Wax insects of China, account of, IL., xciii. 
Whitfield, Thomas, death of, II., exxxix. 
Wing, William, F.L.S., obituary notice of, ILL., xlix. 
neuration of, traced by adaptation of camera obscura to micro- 
scope, III., cvi. 
rays of insects, III., 225. 
veins of insects, IV., 60. 
Yarrell, William, death of, IV., xxiv. 
obituary notice, 1V., xli. 


ee a ne es = 
CO 


General Index. 195 


APHANIPTERA. 
Flea belongs to this order, IIT., citi. 
economy of, IIL,, ciii. 
Pulex imperator, a new species, IV., Ixx. 
proved to be the young larva of a Blatta, V., Ix. 


APTERA. 
Acari, in Daguerrotypes, LV., iv. 
on hay, III., xxiv. 
nuisance of, IV., ix. : 
silk spinning of the furze, III., exiii. 
Pediculus, a species of, used as human food, II., 244, 
Melitte, note on, II., 4. 


ARACHNIDA, 
Blothrus Speleus, I., 149. 
Epeira Senegalensis, habits of, 1V., xiii. 
silk of, IV., xiv. 
xebrata, nest of, I., cxxvili. 
Method of preserving, III., xeviii. 
Mygale preying on birds, III., xcix, exxxviii. 
Nephila, strength of the web of a, V., xxxiil. 
Spiders, gigantic, in India, II., xxxy. 
nests, curious, II,, xiii. 
remarks on, L[., cviil. 
silk, of St. Helena, IV., iii. 
the lost, [V., ii. 


Stalita tenaria, I., 148. 
2 


* COLEOPTERA. 
Abreus granulum, new British species, V., Ixii. 
nigricornis, new British species, V., xiv. 
Acalolepta pusio, 1V., 247. 
Acalyptus Carpini, new British species, I., Ixxxi, xevill. 
Acantholophus Adelaide, III., 76. 
planicollis, I1I., 78. 
Achlainomus (n.g.) ebeninus, IT., 179. 
Aconodes montanus, IV., 107. 
Acrocyrta clytoides, LV., 44. 
Acylophorus glabricollis, new British species, V., Ixxvi. 
Adelotopus ephippiatus, I1I., cxxvii. 
rubiginosus, III., exxviil. 
gomorphus remotus, V., 29. 
fEgus levicolle, I11., 54, 
punctiger, ILI., 55. 
‘Erenea cognata, V., 36. 
terrena, V., 36. 
trigona, IV., 247. 


196 General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 
Agapete carissima, I., 84. 
Agathomerus Sallei, V., 153. 
Agelasta irrorata, 1V., 100. 
Agnia fasciata, V., liv. 
Agra, sexual distinctions in the genus, IV., x. } 
Akiptera semiflava, I., 83. 
Alphitopola maculosa, 1V., 251. 
Ammecius brevis, new British species, V., ¢xxxvil. 
Ampedus lugens, note on, III., 222. 
nigrinus, note on, III., 223. 
subcarinatus, note on, III., 224. 
tristis, capture of, in Scotland, IL., CXIV. 
Amphionycha albina, 1V. 256. 
cephalotes, 1V., 257. 
circumeincta, V., 54. 
vittata, 1V., 256. 
Amycterus crenicollis, III., 79. 
Dohrnii, IUI., 79. 
Anisotoma nigrita, new British species, V., Ixii. 
Anommatus 12-striatus, note on, IIL., xevi, xcix. 
Anobium paniceum, destructive to pearl barley, IL., exxxv. 
note on, I., exiv. 
Anomearthria (n. g.) c@ruleopennis, U., 191. 
Anomesia dolosa, V., 53. 
fulvida, 1V., 256. 
Anthicus bimaculatus, new British species, V., cv. 
Apate Bambuse, note on, II., ii, xxi. 
Aphadii, flying by night, IV., xxvii. . : 
Apion Curtisii, note on, IIL., exvi, cxxx, 
Aplotarsus cothurnatus, III., 16, 224. 
maritimus, III., 15, 224. 
Apomecyna atomaria, 1V., 253. 
binubila, 1V., 253. 
frenata, IV., 107. 
nigrita, V., 49. 
Ara@ocera Coffee, feeding on mace, II., exviil. 
Arrhencdes mazillosus, capture of, at Camden Town, V., Ixxii. 
Arrhenotus Wallacei, 1V., 242. 
Articerus angusticollis, 11I., 275. 
Brasiliensis, I1I., 277. 
curvicornis, LII., 275. 
dilaticornis, III., 276. 
selipes, III., 276. 
Astathes decipiens, V., 46. 
divisa, V., 47, 
externa, V., 46. 
purpurea, 1V., 108. 


eee 


ae 


eer eae el a NESE a 


General Index. 197 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Astathes simulator, LV., 44. 
straminea, 1V., 108. 
terminata, IV., 109. 

Asthenorhina Turneri, I11., 63. 

Athemistus, characters of, V., 49. 

Athous campyloides, note on, III., xc. 

rhombeus, larva of, III., 35. 

Atomaria, revision of British species, LV., 64. 

analis, IV., 78. 
apicalis, LV., 78. 
atra, IV., 74. 
atricapilla, IV., 72. 
basalis, IV., 76. 
Berolinensis, 1V., 73. 
elongatula, IV., 67. 
Serruginea, IV., 66. 
fimetarii, IV., 67. 
fuscipes, 1V., 71. 
fuscula, IV., 73. 
gutta, EV. .74: 
Hislopi, 1V., 77. 
linearis, 1V., 67. 
mesomelas, LV., 75. 
munda, 1V., 76. 
nigripennis, LV., 76. 
nigriventris, 1V., 69. 
peltata, Ve. 1105 
pusilla, 1V., 71. 
ruficornis, LV., 79. 
umbrina, IV., 68. 
versicolor, 1V., 80. 
Attelabus Curculionoides, economy of, II., 
Augomela dives, Wi.;, lode 
elegans, III., 256. 
hypochalcea, I1I., 255. 
iridea, III., 254, 
ornata, V., 157. 
pretiosa, III., 256. 
pyroptera, III., 254. 
Australica Bartoni, III., 245. 
cingulata, III., 245. 
circumfusa, III., 251. 
crassicornis, III., 249. 
Curtisii, I1I., 243. 
fulvilabris, III, 247. 
geniculata, III., 248. 
ioptera, I11., 246. 


198 General Index. 


{ 
COLEOPTERA—continued. | 
Australica Mac Leayii, III., 244. | 
maculicollis, IL1., 246. / 

pallida, III., 248. 


pulchella, I1I., 250. 
ruficeps, III., 247. 
vittata, III., 250. ? 


Bagéus ? an apparently new British species, V., cxxvili. j 
Baris laticollis, note on, I., xvill. 
4 


Bathyscia Byssina, I., 141. 
montana, I., 141. 
Batrisus angulatus, 111., 273. 
venustus, capture of, IT., xxv. 
Bembidium nigricorne, new British species, V., cv. 
Bimia femoralis, I., 82. 
Bledius, new British species of, 1V., xxx. 
unicornis, note on, LY.,, lvii. 
Blemmya bifasciata, 1V., 43. 
humeralis, I[V., 99. 
Whitei, 1V., 42. 
Bolbocerus mobilicornis, method of capturing, LII., xi. 
Bolitophagus reticulatus, larva of, I1I., 36. i 
Bostrichide, notes on the habits of, V., 218. ; 
Brachelytra of Hong Kong, note on, II., vii. 
Brachinide of Hong Kong, note on, II., 233. 
Brachonyx indigena, new British species, V., ¢xxill. 
Brachopsis concolor, 1., 79. 


st tt: a PS, 


eer 


Brachytria gulosa, I., 83. 
pulcherrima, V., 28. 
Bradycellus harpalinus, new British species, V., cxxxviil. 
Brontes planatus, capture of, IV., xxxiv. 
Bruchus, observations on the species of, V., exiii. 
Bryaais atriventris, I11., 270. 
quadriceps, III., 270. 
strigicollis, III., 269. 

Bumetopia oscitans, 1V., 252. 
Cacia concinna, IV., 10), 

confusa, 1V., 101. 

inculta, 1V., 102. 

Newmanni, 1V., 102. 

picticornis, 1V., 249. 

setulosa, IV., 101. 

triloba, V., 44. 
Cacostomus squamosus, IIL., 211. / 
Calandra? larva used as human food, IIL., 243. 
Callia chrysomelina, V., 45. 
Calliaspis Bohemani, V. 159. 
Callichroma Faldermannii, If., 111. 


General Index. 


COLEOPTERA —continued. 


Callichroma Thomsoni, V., 24. 
trogoninum, V., 24. 
Callidium sanguineum, capture of, I., Ixxxi. 
striatum, capture of, L., xxxiv. 
Callirhipis Championii, II., 235. 
Templetonii, I1., 234. 
Calodera riparia, new British species, V., xiv. 
Calpazia vermicularis, LV., 93. 
Campylocnemus Schreteri, structure of, II., 11. 
Cantharoenemis Downesii, 1V., 236. 
Capnolymma Stygia, IV., 266. 
Carabide at Hong Kong, notes on, LI., vii. 
Carabus Blakistoni, 1V., Ix. 
glubratus, feeding on worms, IIL., xlv. 
intricatus, capture of, ILL., xvii; 1V., xxviil. 
Cardiophorus formosus, III. 15, 224. 
Carterica cinctipennis, 1V., 263. 
Caryoborus Bactris, \arva in palm seeds, III., xxv. 
Cassida, of the Linnzan collection, V., exli. 
Catorama Tabaci, note on, L., xlv. 
Catorantha carinata, V., \xiv. 
Caulophilus sculpturatus, V., 368. 
Caulotrupis Chevrolatii, note on, Vin sid. 
conicollis, note on, V., 378. 
impius, note on, V., 376. 
lacertosus, note on, V., 376. 
lucifugus, note on, V., 377. 
opacus, note on, V., BYE 
subnitidus, note on, V., 376. 
terebrans, note on, V., 377. 
Ceragenia sericata, V., 16. 
Cerambyx aureipennis, V., Ixxxiv. 
consocius, V., 20. 
demissus, V., 21. 
egenus, IV., 236. 
fulvidus, IV., 236. 
macilentus, V., 20. 
micaceus, LV., 237. 
morosus, 1V%, 92. 
venustus, V., 19. 
vernicosus, V., 19. 
versutus, V., 20. 
Ceratorhina Passerinii, I1I., 62. 
Smithii, III., 62. 
Cereopsius eroletus, 1V., 105. 
histrio, V., 43. 
marmoreus, LV., 105. 


= 


200 General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 
Cereopsius putronus, V., 43. 
Cerosterna hispida, 11., 112. 
Cetonia @nea, larva of, habits of, J., xxxv, xcvi. 
note on, II., xxxiv. 
Cetoniide@, new species of, III., 61. 
Ceutorhyncus Syrites, a new British species, V., cxxiv. 
tarsalis, a new British species, V., cxxv. 
Chetectetorus spinipennis, II., 203. 
Chetosoma Scaritides, 1., 172. 
Chalcolampra acervata, I1I., 184. 
chalybeata, III., 185. 
constricta, ILT., 182. 
18-gutlata, III., 186. 
parallela, I1I., 183. 
pustulata, ILI., 181. 
repens, ILI., 184. 
simillima, III., 185. 
thoracica, III., 183. 
Chalcomela eximia, III., 260. 
illudens, III., 259. 
insignis, III., 259. 
sulcata, I1I1., 258. 
Cheilorena, characters of, V,, 254. 
Westwoodii, V., 255. 
Chelotonyr (n. g.) Batesii, I1., 189. 
Cherrus, note on, IIL, iti. 
Chinese Coleoptera, note on, I., civ. 
Cholovocera Madera, L., vii. 
Chrysomela, Monograph of Australian species, I1L., 170, 241, 
cerealis, note on, I., xciv. 
luteicornis, III., 262. 
nitidipennis, I1I., 262. 
orphana, III., 263. 
pacifica, III., 186. 
sapphira, III., 262. 
Cicindelide, of Hong Kong, note on, II., 232. 
Cisside, notes on British species, V., 200. 
Cis affinis, V., 208. 
alni, V., 206. 
bidentatus, V., 206. 
boleti, V., 202. 
cornutus, V., 208. 
festivus, V., 205. 
fuscatus, V., 205. 
glabriculus, V., 208. 
hispidus, V., 204. 
micans, V., 204. 


General Index. 201 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Cis nitidus, V., 207. 
pygmaeus, V., 209. 
villosulus, V., 203. 
Cladognathus gracilis, TII., 47, 203. 
picipennis, ILI., 202. 
Clytellus (n. g.) methocoides, If., 240. 
Westwoodii, 1V., 97. 
Clytus ascendens, Wosezuc 
Balyi, V., 27. 
Bowringii, V., 28. 
cruentatus, 1V., 239. 
mustela, 1V., 239. 
Sappho, L¥., 239. 
viverra, 1V., 240. 
Walkeri, V., 27. 
Coccinella Reppensis, capture of, II., iv. 
Cockchafers, weight of, I., exix. 
oil obtained from, [., xcix. 
Collyrodes, characters Of Vig os 
Lacordairei, V., 25. 
Colobothea Fryi, V., 52. 
longimana, V., 52. 
luctuosa, V., 53. 
Colobus sericeus, II., 111. 
Colophon Thunbergit, IIL, 198. 
Westwoodii, I11., 197. 
Conosoma pedicularium, new British species, V., Ixxii. 
Coptomma variegatum, capture of, in England, I., Ixxxil. 
Coptops nanus, V., 39. 
Corticaria, revision of British species, V., 134. 
crenulata, V., 135. 
cylindrica, V., 139. 
genticulata, V., 136. 
elongata, V., 140. 
ferruginea, V., 141. 
fulva, V., 137. 
fuscula, V., 144. 
gibbosa, V., 142. 
pubescens, V., 134. 
serrata, V., 138. 
Wollastoni, V., 143. 
Cosmiomorpha (n. g.) modesta, i295 
setulosu, LII., 70. 
Cossonides, on the Atlantic, V., 362. 
Cossyphodes Wollastonii, I., 170. 
Cratonychus castanipes, captured in Britain, I1I., xli. 


202 ; General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Cratonychus niger, note on, III., 223. 
Crioceris Adonis, V., 150. 
Bakewellii, V., 151. 
Slavipennis, V., 151. 
pulchella, V., 152. 
Cryphalus abietis, new British species, V., ev. 
binodulus, new British species, [V., xxvi. 
fagi, new British species, V., cv. 


Cryptocephalus imperialis, new British species, 1V., Ixxxvii. 


nitens, capture of, III., citi. 
variabilis, new British species, IV., ]xxxvii. 
Cryplodus, descriptions of species of, IV., 1. 
caviceps, IV., 6. 
paradorus, 1V., 2. 
passaloides, LV., 5. 
piceus, IV., 2. 
politus, 1V., 4. 
Tasmannianus, TV., 3. 
variolosus, IV., 2. 
Cryptostetha marmorata, 1V., 350. 
Ctenicerus castaneus, capture of, I., c. 
larva of, III., xl. 
Cubicosomus (n. g.) Whitei, I1., 181. 
Curculionide, new genera and species, II., 172. 
Cychramus fungicola, new British species, V., cxxiv. 
Cyclomela nitida, III., 257. 
Cyclosomus insularis, habits of, I., civ. 
Cylindrepomus comis, 1V., 241. 
letus, IV., 241. 
peregrinus, LV., 241. 
Dasyo improba, IV., 254. 
lineata, 1V., 254. 
Dendrophilus pygme@us, capture of, LV., xxvi. 
Denops personatus, note on, I., civ. 
Deretaphrus, note on, III., Ixxxix. 
Deuteromma callidioides, 1V., 98. 
mutica, V., 25. 
testacea, IV., 111. 
Diachromus germanus, capture of, V., exxvil. 
Dialeges pauper, 1V., 47. 
Dicronocephalus Wallichii, I11., 69. 
Dicronorhina micans, I11., 61. 
Dictyopterus Aurora, new British species, I., xxxix, 
Didymocantha cylindricollis, V., 18. 
thoracica, 1V., 98. 
Dinarda Maerkelii, capture of, IV., xxv. 
Dinodes Maillei, new British species, III., eviil. 


Senge A 


ee ewan 


General Index. 203 


COLEOPTERA — continued. 


Diotima, characters of, V., 57. 
undulata, V., 58. 
Diphyllocera gemellata, I1I., 176. 
Dircea disculor, new British species, I., exiii, 
Dirphya, new genus, LV., 262. 
Dohrnia miranda, note on, IITI., Ixxxix. 
Dolichotoma gloriosa, V., 160. 
Donacia, notes on British species, V., 212. 
Comari, new British species, V., exxviil, exxxill. 
obscura, new British species, V., Ixxxiil. 
Dorcadion? spinipenne, 1V., 252. 
Dorcasta crassicornis, 1V., 264. 
oryx, 1V., 264. 
Dorcatoma chrysomelina, new British species, V., CXXVil. 
rubens, capture of, TV., XXVl. 
Dorcus? luteus, I1T., 218. 
murginalis, I1I., 53. 
ohscurus, IIL., 52. 
Pelorides, IIT., 220. 
striato-punctatus, III., 51. 
striatus, IIT., 53. 
vicinus, III., 51. 
Doryphora Batesii, 1V., 343. 
bella, IV., 341. 
Bohemanni, IV., 346. 
catenuluta, LV., 348. 
cruciata, V., 153. 
De Gandei, V., 154. 
flavocineta, 1V., 349. 
fleauosa, IV., 342. 
Hebe, IV., 344. 
irrorata, LV., 348. 
Javeti, 1V., 342. 
mirabilis, LV., 341. 
18-guttata, 1V., 349. 
Sheppardi, IV., 343. 
simulans, IV., 347. 
spectabilis, 1V., 341. 
subglobosa, 1V., 346. 
Thomsoni, IV., 347. 
trivittata, 1V., 345. 
vespertina, 1V., 345. 
Whitei, 1V., 348. 
Wollastoni, 1V., 344. 
Dorysterna cruentata, LV., 339. 
festiva, IV., 340. 
pretiosa, 1V., 340. 


, 


204 General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 
Dorysterna tibialis, 1V., 339. 
Dorytomus, new species of, I., xvi. 
Doubledaya (n. g.) viator, I., xii; IL, 1. 
Drepanoderes (n. g.) fuscus, II., 187. 
viridifasciatus, Il., 186. 
Drilus flavescens, larva of, V., ix. 
Driopea clytina, IV., 244. 
Dryophila Anobioides, capture of, I., xvi. 
note on, II., iv. 
Drypta emarginata, capture of, ILI., xcix, ciil. 
Dynamostes audar, 1V., 90. 
Dynastes Mars, capture of, IV., Ixxxvi. 
Dysthata, characters of, V., 31. 
anomala, V., 31. 
Ectatosia Moorei, 1V., 109. 
Ecthea, new genus, IV., 250. 
Ectemnorhinus (n. g.) viridis, Il., 185. 
Ectinus aterrimus, ILL, 12, 222. 
? gagates, IJI., 12, 222. 
Elater Gibboni, 1V., 51. 
Jansoni, 1V., 52. 
longicollis, economy of, III, xlv. 
nigrinus, III., 14, 228, 
Elateride (n. g.)? puncto-lineatus, III., 13. 
British, critical remarks on, III., 10, 222, Ixxxv. 
feeding on Aphides, III., ex. 


notes on the species in the Stephensian cabinet, V., 88. 


proposed monograph of, IIT., Ixxviii. 
Elytrosphera vittata, 1V., 350. 
Emus hirtus, captured at Southend, V., xxx. 
Enaptorhinus (n. g.) Sinensis, 11., 180. 
Enchoptera apicalis, I., 77. 

nigricornis, I., 77. 

Entelopes brevicollis, note on, IV., 46. 

ioptera, LV., 108. 

Wallacei, IV., 46. 
Epania, new genus, IV., 237. 
Epitrir atrope, new British species, V., cxxxi, 
Epurea neglecta, new British species, V., Ixii. 
Eremotes, characters of, V., 364. 

crassicornis, V., 365. 
Eris anthriboides, 1V., 110. 
Eroschema, characters of, V., 17. 

Poweri, V., 17. 
Esmia, characters of, V., 55. 
turbata, V., 55. 

Eugeusis (n. g.) palpator, IT., 239. 


orem Se 


im em 


General Index. 205 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 
Eulina Curtisii, 111., 180. 
Eumathes undatus, IV., 251. 
Euplectus sulcicollis, note on, ILI., xevi. 
Eupeécila ochracea, 111., 73. 
succinea, ILI., 74. 
Eurychirus (n. g.) bituberculatus, IT., 183. 
Eurypoda (n. g.) antennata, I1., 109. 
Exocentrus hamaticollis, V., 37. 
hispidulus, V., 37. 
inclusus, V., 38. 
Figulus Lilliputanus, 111., 219. 
Galeruca Lawsonie, note on, I., cxxix. 
Geodephaga, locality for, IL1., exi. 
Glaresis (n. g.) Frivaldszkyi, I., 72. 
Glenea blandina, 1V., 259. 
collaris, 1V., 258. 
commissa, V., 54. 
despecta, 1V., 258. 
detrita, 1V., 259. 
ertensa, 1V., 258. 
Fortunei, I1., 112. 
pulchella, [V., 260. 
relicta, 1V., 258. 
rufina, LV., 259. 
scapifera, V. 54. 
verutor, LV., 260. 
Glochinorhinus (n. g.) Doubleduyi, I1., 195. 
Gnathocera Angolensis, I11., 65. 
Gnorimus nobilis, larva in wood of cherry tree, [II., xxxvii. 
Gnostus formicicola, I1I., 90. 
Goerius olens, destructive to earwigs, I., cxvil, exxix. 
Goliathus Cacicus, note on a living specimen, I., Ixxxv. 
Drure@i, in its pupa case, I., xxxvi. 
Golsindu infausta, V., 41. 
tessellata, 1V., 49. 
Gonioctenu flexuosa, V., 156. 
Groo-groo worm of West Indies, account of, II., xxx. 
Gyaritus hamatus, 1V., 244. 
levicollis, V. 38. 
Haltica erata, destructive to strawberry plants, I., Ixxxii. 
Hamaticherus Heros, note on larva, 1., exv. 
Haploglossa gentilis, new British species, V., Ixviii. 
rufipennis, new British species, V., ev. 
Harpalus cordatus, capture of, III., eviii. 
Hathlia Buckleyi, 1V., 107. 
grammica, V., 49. 
murina, V., 50. 


VOL. V. N.S. DU 


Sipe 


206 General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 
Hathlia procera, V., 50. 
zebrina, LV., 252. 
Helobia brevicollis, economy cf, I1T., xlv. 
luminosity of, III., xxxiv. 
impressa, note on, ILI., xl. 
Helophorus intermedius, new British species, V., Ixxvi. 
Hemilissa, new genus, IV., 238. 
Hesthesis merens, V., 21, 
ornata, I., 84. 
Hesycha albilatera, V., 36. 
Nyphonoides, V., 36. 
Heterius quadratus, new British species, IV., xii. 
Heterocerus fleruosus, V., 167. 
fusculus, V., 166. 
levigatus, V., 162. 
marginatus, V., 165. 
obsoletus, V., 164. 
rectus, V., 168. 
sericans, V., 166. 
Heterorhina bicostata, I1I., 66. 
notes on, II]., Ixxxiv. 
Herarthrum, characters of, V., 366. 
cupitulum, V., 366. 
Hister marginatus, new British species, V., Riv. 
Homalomelas zonatus, V., 28. : 
Homalota confusa, capture of, 1V., Ixxvi. 
imbecilla, V., xvi. 
plumbea, V., xv. 
subterranea, new British species, V., cxxi. 
Homeusa acuminata, capture of, IV., xxi. 
Hoplionota Templetoni, V., 158. 
Hybophorus (n. g.) rufotuberosus, II., 206. 
Hydrobius, eggs of, I., xvii. 
Hydrochus, revision of the synonymy of the species, II., 229. 
carinatus, new British species, V., Ixxxiv. 
Hydroporus Lapponum 2, new British species, V., xxxvil. 
Hugrotus bisulcatus, note on, 11T., exvi, exxx. 
Hylastes cunicularius, new British species, V., exxxviil. 
rhodedactylus, capture of, I., xvi. 
Hylecetus Dermestoides, habit of, ILI., xii. 
Hylobius Abietis, destructive to fruit trees, II., exviii. 
ravages of, in Scotland, V., exxix, ¢xxxiv. 
Hypera Rumicis, pupa of, I., xxxvi. 
tigrina, new British species, I1., xxv. 
Hypselomus paganus, V., 35. 
pupillatus, V., 35. 
variolosus, V., 38. 


eee eee 


Gencral Index. 207 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Hypulus quercinus, capture of, II1., xvii. 
Tole histrio, V., 45. 
literata, 1V., 255. 
longicornis, 1V., 255. 
nigripes, IV., 255. 
prolata, 1V., 254. 
proxima, V., 45. 
Ischnotes Bakewelli, V., 56. 
Lemophleus Clematidis, new British species, 1V., ]xxix. 
duplicatus, new British species, V., Ixii. 
Lamellicornia, with exserted mandibles and 10-jointed antenna, me- 
moir on, II., 59. 
Lamprolina e@neipennis, I1f., 177. 
grandis, I1I., 178. 
perplexa, III., 261. 
puncticollis, IIl., 179. 
simillima, III., 178. 
Lampyris, luminosity of, I., xliv. 
Langelandia anophthalma, notes on, III., xevi, xcix. 
Languria viator, I1., 1. 
Larve, descriptions of, III., 33. 
Lasiopexus Whitei, V., 30. 
Lathridius, list of British species, V., 174. 
Lebia crua-minor, capture of, II1., exxi. 
Leiopus suffusus, V., 37. 
Leipommata, note on, V., 394. 
calcarutum, V., 395. 
Lema cognata, V., 148. 
De Gandei, V., 146. 
Erichsoni, new British species, 1V., Ixxxvii, 
Erycina, V., 147. 
Fortunei, V., 148. 
Hebe, V., 150. 
oculata, V., 149. 
variolosa, V., 146. 
Leptinotarsa porosa, V., 155. 
signatipennis, 1V., 352. 
vittata, 1V., 351. 
Leptoderus ungustatus, IL., xevil. 
Hohenwartii, capture of, V,, ix. 
sericeus, II., xcvii. 
Leptosthethus (n. g.) marginatus, IL., 175. 
Waltoni, IL., 177. 
Lichas (n. g.) funebris, I1., 238. 
Liparochrus fossulatus, I1., 70. 
geminatus, II., 69. 
sculptilis, I1., 70. 
DD2 


208 General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continwed. 


Lissonotus Shepherdi, V., 16. 
Lissotes Cancroides, III., 215, 
crenatus, III., 216. 
Menalcas, III., 214. 
obtusatus, III., 217. 
reticulatus, III., 218. 
subtuberculatus, IL{., 215. 
Lomaptera, note on the sexual differences in, V., evil. 
Longicornia, Australian, descriptions of, I., 76. 
new Chinese species, II., 109. 
Lucanid@, new species of, III., 197. 
Lucanus biplagiatus, 111., 200. 
Cervus, malformation in, II., xxxvii. 
Fortunei, III., 46. 
Thibeticus, I\1., 199. 
Ludius ferrugineus, capture of, III., xx, cili. 
Lymexylon navale, notes on, I., xix, xxxiv, xxxvi. 
Macronota fraternata, I11., 71. 
regia, III., 72. 
setipes, I1]., 73. 
Macrones erilis, I., 78. 
rufus, 1., 78. 
Macrotoma gemella, V., 15. 
Malachius gneus, economy of, ILI., xlv. 
bipustulatus, economy of, III., xlv. 
Mallodon figuratum, V., 14. 
fulvipenne, V., 15. 


Mecinus collaris, new British species, I., lxxxv, xevili, cil. 


Mecynopus semivitreus, V., 56. 
Megacephala, habits and synopsis of the species, II., 49. 
Melée, note on, I., xvi. 
Merioneda puella, 1V., 238. 
scitella, 1V., 238. 
Mesites, note on, V., 400. 
complanatus, V., 401. 
Euphorbie, V., 403. 
Susiformis, V., 4085. 
Maderensis, V., 403. 
persimilis, V., 402. 
proaimus, V., 404. 
pubipennis, V., 406. 
Mesosa columba, V., 40. 
griseata, IV., 243. 
perplexa, LV., 243. 
Mesorenus Bewickianus, note on, V., 397. 
Monizianus, note on, V., 396. 
Meton Digglesii, V., 59. 


General Index. . 209 


COLEOPTERA —continued, 
Meton granulicollis, V., 42. 
Metopias bellicosus, III., 278. 
Curculionoides, TIT., 278. 
pacificus, ILI., 279. 
Micromela cupripennis, ILI, 261. 
Micropeplus, remarks on species of, V., cxliil. 
Microtragus Amycteroides, V., 61. 
Microrylobius, characters of, V., 378. 
Chevrolatii, V., 383. 
conicollis, V., 384. 
lacertosus, V., 381. 
lucifugus, V., 382. 
terebrans, V., 383. 
Westwoodii, note on, V., 381. 
Monochamus Sartor, capture of, in London, IL., iv. 
Menohammus angustus, 1V., 49. 
aspersus, 1V., 48. 
blattoides, [V., 48. 
Bowringii, name proposed for a Longicorn, IV., xix. 
curissimus, I[V., 104, 
commiatus, V., 42. 
eurialis, 1V., 246. 
diophthalmus, IV., 49. 
gravidus, [V., 245. 
Grayii, V., liv. 
hilaris, IV., 108. 
infelix, 1V., 48. 
luridus, IV., 47. 
permutans, 1V., 103. 
proletarius, [V., 246. 
sobrius, IV., 246. 
sutor, boring powers of, I., xxxiv. 
vicinus, LV., 245. 
Mononychus Pseudacori, capture of, IL., xxx. 
Monotoma, British species of, 1V., xcvil. 
Moron distigma, IV;, 249. 
Mycetoporus angularis, new British species, V., xxxvil. 
Myrmedonia cognata, capture of, LV., Ixxi. 
Nebria nivalis, new British species, V., xxxvii. 
Nemotragus cincticornis, 1V., 110. 
Neostenus Saundersii, LV., 91. 
Neozantha amicta, 1V., 45. 
Noctiluca, a new British species of, IT., exxxvi. 
Noémia flavicornis, LV., 111. 
Stevensii, 1V., 11i. 
Noserius tibialis, 1V., 95. 


Notiophilus rufipes, capture of, I1L., exiii. 


210 General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continucd. 


Notocleu splendens, IIL , 262. 
Notolophia dispersa, V., 47. 
variabilis, V., 47. 
Nyphona Bakewellii, V., 38. 
insularis, V., 39. 
pullata, V., 39. 
Nyssicus, characters of, V., 17. 
Oberea annulicornis, 1V., 261. 
inclusa, LV., 261. 
ophidiana, IV., 262. 
rubetra, [V., 261. 
sylvia, LV., 261. 
umbrosa, 1V., 262. 
viperina, 1V., 262. 
Obrium ibidionoides, V., 26. 
laterale, V., 26. 
minutum, larva, where found, [., cxxix. 
mestum, V., 26. 
Ocalemia vigilans, 1V., 265. ; 
Ochina Ptinoides, note on, II., v. 
Ochodeéus Americanus, II., 66. 
turidus, II., 67. 
lutescens, II., 64. 
pictus, II., 65. 
rugatus, II., 67. 


Ochthebius, revision of the synonomy of the species, II., 230. 


Ocyusa ruficornis, new. British species, V., xiil. 
Odontolabris emarginatus, I11., 49, 202. 
Evansii, J11., 201. 
nitidus, III., 47. 
sinicus, III., 48. 
Olenocamptus clarus, V., 44. 
Olibrus oblongus, new British species, V., Ixiit. 
Oligota atomaria, new British species, V., Ixii. 
Omias sulcifrons, note on, IIL, Ixxxv. 
Omotes erosicollis, I11., 57. 
Onocephala metallica, 1V., 263. 
picta, IV., 263. 
Onychocerus albitarsis, V., 31. 
Onycholips, characters of, V., 389. 
bifurcatus, V., 394. 
Opilus univittatus, new British species, V., xxxvui. 
Oreodera cretifera, V., 29. 
Oroderes humeralis, I., 81. 
Ostedes, characters of, V., 43. 
pauperata, V., 44. 


Otiorhynchus seplentrionis, captured in Scotland, III., xxx ii. 


General Index. 211 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 
Otiorhynchus sulcatus, economy of, III., ec. 
Oxycephala imperialis, V., 1xxxviii. 
Oxylymma, characters of, V., 21. 
lepida, V., 22. 
Oxupoda ? aterrima, V., xxii. 
nigrina, V., XIV. 
nigrofusca, V., xv. 
spectabilis, new British species, V., xlvii. 
Oxyrhynchus Fortunei, I1., 172. 
Philippinensis, IL., 173. 
Orystoma ulicis, notes on, I., Ixix, Ixxiv, cili. 
Pachylocerus plumiferus, 1V., 96, 
Pachypeza simplex, V., 55. 
Paralina, characters of, V., 155. 
Paromia Doreuvides, I., 168. 
Pausside, on the habits of, f., ev; II., xxi1; IIL., exxi; V., il. 
of Hong Kong, note on, II., vii. 
new species and synopsis of the family, II., 84. 
Paussus Afxelii, I1f., 82. 
Audouinii, IL., 92. 
Bohemani, I11., 83. 
Chevrolatii, II., 93. 
De Geerii, I1I., 82. 
Dohrnii, I1., 93. 
Germavi, I1., 94. 
Humboldtii, UL., 90. 
Natalensis, synonomy of, I., evi. 
pacificus, II[., 81. 
Schaumii, I1., 94. 
Pempsamacra vestita, V., 57. 
Pentarthrum, note on, V., 397. 
cylindricum, V., 398. 
Pentatemnus, characters of, V., 385. 
arenarius, V., 288. 
Penthea conferta, V., 40. 
Saundersii, I[V., 103. 
Pezicus (n. g.) binotatus, IT., 193. 
Phacellocera Batesii, 1V., 242. 
Phea acromela, 1V., 256. 
miniata, 1V., 256. 
Phemone, characters of, V., 48. 
frenata, V., 48. 
Philonthus fuscus, new British species, V., Ixxxiil. 
Philus (n. g.) inconspicuus, TELL: 
Phlaophagus affinis, V., 373. 
caluus, V., 370. 
caulium, V., 371. 


Ee General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Phleophagus laurineus, V., 371. 
piceus, V., 374. 
simplicipes, V., 374. 
sulcipennis, V., 369. 
tenar, V., 370. 
Phlyarus basalis, 1V., 245. 
Phehe cretifera, IV., 260. 
Phyllocharis cyanicornis, Lh. 
cyanipennis, III., 174. 
cyanipes, IIL., 172. 
flecuosa, IIT., 175. 
leoparda, III., 173. 
nigricornis, IL1., 175. 
Phymasterna conereta, 1V., 105. 
Placoderes (n. g.) variegatus, I1., 184. 
Plagiocorynus (n. g.) twberculatus, I1., 202. 
Platychile pallida, suggestion respecting habits of, LL., xix. 
Platymela sticticollis, I11., 241. 

unilineata, III., 242. 
Platynocephalus Hamiltoni, Ode 
Platyprosapus Hopei, I1I., 50. 

platymelus, III., 50. 
Platystethus nitens, new British species, V., Ixii. 
Pogonocherus fasciculatus, capture of, in Scotland, I., exxxvi. 
Pogonus Burrellii, capture of, I., xvi. 
Polyphrades, note on, III., ini. 
Polyrhaphis Jansoni, V., 30. 
Poropterus Chevrolatii, I1., 196. 

Jekelii, II., 197. 

Parryi, I1., 198. 

Westwoodii, II., 200. 
Porphyraspis pulchella, V., 159. 
Porphyronota Sinensis, I1., 32. 

Praonetha melanura, 1V., 106. 

posticalis, 1V., 106. 
Prionus fossatus, 1V., 90. 

hydropicus, 1V., 91. 

Proseicela Chevrolatii, 1V., 351. 

spectabilis, 1V., 351. 
Prostomis mandibularis, larva, III., 37. 
Protetia intricata, I1., 31. 
Prothema funerea, IV., 43. 

signata, IV., 43. 
Protopalpus Schonherri, IT , 192. 
Psalidocoptus scaber, proposed name for a Longicorn, LIT., xeix. 
Pselaphide, abstract of a memoir on, L., exix. 


new species of, ILI., 268. 


Se ee ee eee er ee 


§ 
eee 


General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Pselaphus Antipodum, II1., 274. 
geminatus, Lil., 273. 
Pseudoumela Murrayi, 1V., 88. 
Natalensis, 1V. 88. 
Pseudomorphu amaroides, III., exxvil. 
Psilomerus? macilentus, 1V., 238. 
Psilomorpha apicalis, V., 58. 
tenuipes, I., 80. 
Ptinella angustula, new British species, V., Ixiii. 
Ratisbonensis, new British species, V., Ixiii. 
tenella, new British species, V., Ixiii. 
Pyrestes eximius, LV., 96. 
hematicus, 1V., 97. 
miniatus, IV., 97. 
Pyrochroa pectinicornis, new British species, IIL., xvii. 


Pyrophorus ?, luminosity of, LV., xx. 
Pytho depressus, capture of, in Britain, I., xxxiv. 
Quedius dilatatus, capture of, IV., xc. 
habitat of, ILI., exii, exvii. 
infuscatus, new British species, V., cxxxvii. 
truncicola, new British species, V., cv. 
Raphidia ?, habits of, V., Ixix. 
Rhagiomorpha ezilis, V., 58. 


Rhagium indagator, capture of, I., xxxiv. 
Rhagonycha elongata, new British species, V., xxiii. 
Rhaphuma placida, 1V., 240. 
Rhipicera tessellata, I1., 236. 
Rhipiphorus paradozus, observations on, V., Ixxxvi. 
Rhizophagus, British species of, IV., xevii. 
Rhomborhina Fortunei, 11., 30. 

nigra, IT., 29. 


Rhopalodontus perforatus, new British species, V., exxlii. 


Rhyncolus crassirostris, V., 367. 

truncorum, new British species, [V., Ixxv. 
Rhytiphora cretata, V., 60. 

polymita, V..; 60. 

Ropica exocentroides, V., 61. 
incana, V., 50. 
piperata, IV., 248. 
posticalis, 1V., 248. 
preusta, V,, 5). 
stiomatica, V., 51. 
varipennis, V., 51. 

Sagra, descriptions of new species of, V., 236. 
tabular list of species of, V., 256. 
Adonis, note on, V., 238. 
bicelor, V., 249. 


213 


214 General Index. 


COLEOPTERA — continued. 


Sagra carbunculus, V., 244. 
Dohrnii, V.,°253. 
emarginata, V., 246. 
Fabricii, note on, V., 238. 
femorata, pupa case of, LV., xx. 
formosa, note on, V., 238. 
heterodera, note on, V., 238. 
ignita, note on, V., 238. 
Jansoni, V., 243, 
Javeti, V., 240. 
Kirbyi, V., 250. 
lucida, V., 245. 
Murrayi, V., 251. 
nigrita, note on, V., 236. 
Parryi, V., 247. 
perlucida, note on, V., 237. 
Petelii, note on, V., 236. 
Pfeifferi, V., 239. 
pygmeéa, note on, V., 238, 
seraphica, noteon, V., 238. 
splendida, note on, V., 236. 
Stevensi, V., 241. 
Weberi, note on, V., 238. 
Saperda Bohemani, IV., 257. 
erythaca, 1V., 257. 
funesta, V., 53. 
Saprinus immundus, new British species, V., xiv. 
metallicus, new British species, V., xiv. 
Sclerostomus caviceps, I11., 212. 
costalus, I1t., 209. 
Ditomoides, I11., 208. 
femoralis, U1., 209. 
hastatus, L11., 205. 
nevtragus, L1I., 207. 
Scolytide, notes on the habits of, V., 218. 
Scolytus destructor, note on, V., xxiv. 
notes on larva, 1[., 83, cxxxvt. 
on the ravages of, V., ili. 
pruni, new British species, V., Ixxit. 


rugulosus, new British species, 1V., Ixxx. 


Scopadus ciliatus, 1V., 100. 
' Scortizus maculatus, LII., 210. 
Sebasmia, characters of, V., 18. 
Templetoni, V., 19. 
Serixia apicalis, 1V., 45. 
modesta, 1V., 45. 
Sitaris humeralis, observations on, V., xxx. 


— ae aD tall 


LE OL GOEL MO PORN UO EY 


General Index. 


COLEOPTERA —continued. 
Solenogenys, characters of, V., 170. 
Jeda, V.,17). 
Spherites glabratus, capture of, III., exii. 
Stagobius troglodytes, I., 146. 
Staphylinide, capture of rare species, I11., xlvi. 
larve feeding on worms, IIL., xlv. 
Stegenus dactylon, 1V., 104. 
Stenoderus labiatus, V., 24. 
maculicornis, I., 79. 
quietus, 1V., 53. 
Slenolophus elegans, capture of, LV.) Ixxix. 
Stenotis, pote on, V., 399. 
acicula, V., 400. 
Stenus, British species of the genus, IIT., 136. 


215 


notes on species described by Kirby and Stephens, III, 143. 


opticus, new British species, V., Ixxii. 
palustris, new British species, V., xlvii. 
picipennis, new British species, V., xiv. 
proditer, new British species, V., Ixii. 
Stephanops nasutus, I., 81. 
Sternacanthus picticornis, 1V., 95. 
Steropus madi lus, with a Filaria attached, IL., eviii. 
Stethomela poroptera, II1., 253. 
prasina, IIT., 252. 
submetallica, I1I., 252. 
Sthenias Bondii, V., 48. 
dorsalis, 1V., 251. 
Strangalia Fortunei, 1V., 265. 
Streptocerus speciosus, I1L., 204. 
Stromatium alienum, LV., 95. 
Strophosomus limbatus, feeding on Rhododendrons, V., xxvii. 
Symbiotes latus, new British species, V., xlvil. 
note on, V., liv. 
Symphyletes cinnamomeus, V., 59. 
lateralis, 1V., 250. 
maculicornis, [V., 250. 
metutus, V., 40. 
sodalis, V., 41. 
Sympiezoscelus (n.g.) Spencei, IL., 204. 
Synaptonyx (n. g-) ovatus, II., 188. 
Synelasma bufo, 1V., 248. 
Tachinus laticollis, new British species, V., Ixxxiil. 
Tachyporide, list of British species, 1V., Ixxxiii. 
Teniodera ornata, II., 3}. 
Temnosternus dissimilis, V., 69. 
Tetralophus sculpturatus, L1., 174. 
Thranius, characters of, V., 22. 


216 General Index. 


COLEOPTERA—continued. 


Thranius bimaculatus, V., 23. 
gibbosus, V., 23. 
Throsci, grooves in the eyes of, [V., Ixviii. 
Tmesisternus gratiosus, LV., 99. 
lotor, V., Ixxxiv. 
Tmesorrhina Saundersii, I11., 64. 
Trachodes hispidus, capture of, IIT., xx. 
Trachys pygmea, note on, 1V., Ixxiv. 
Triammatus Chevrolati, IV., 47. 
Trichomesia, characters of, V., 18. 
Newmanni, V., 18. 
Trinedes hirtus, description of larva, V., Ixix. 
Triodontus Owas, II., 74. 
Tritocosmia Digglesii, V. 58. 
paradoia, V., 56. 
rubea, V., 24. 
Trypanidius geminus, V., 29. 
Tyrus humeralis, I11., 272. 
spinosus, III., 271. 
Velleius dilatatus, larva, II1., 33. 
Xoanodera magister, 1V., 93. 
trigona, 1V., 92. 
Xyletinus serricornis, note on, I., xlv. 
Zatrephus inscitus, 1V., 94. 
pannosus, LV., 94. 


Zuphium olens, new British species, 1V., Ixxxviil. 


Zygocera barbicornis, V., 34. 
bifasciata, V., 32. 
complera, V., 34. 
Mac Leavi, V., 32. 
pentheoides, V., 32. 
plumifera, V., 83. 
pumila, V., 33. 


CRUSTACEA. 


Calanus brevicornis, 1V., 17. 
communis, 1V., 16. 
inconspicuus, LV., 14. 
latus, IV., 15. 
mirabilis, [V., 16. 
penicillutus, 1V., 14. 

Candace pachydactyla, 1V., 29. 

Candona albida, I1T., 235. 

Cephaloniscus Grayanus, V., xlviil. 

Clytemnestra Atlantica, 1V., 31. 

Copilia Atlantica, 1V., 32. 


General Index. 217 


CRUSTACEA—continued. 
Coryceus styliferus, IV., 32. 
Sutherlandii, 1V., 31. 
Cyclops brevicornis, I11., 237. 
Cypris australis, III., 234. 
Brasiliensis, I11., 234. 
Chilensis, II1., 234. 
Donnettii, 111., 233. 
Speciosa, ILI., 234. 
Daphnia Brasiliensis, I11., 236. 
granavia, ITI., 236. 
spinifera, IIL., 236. 
Diaptomus abdominalis, 1V., 28. 
Brasiliensis, I11., 237. 
dubius, LV., 27. 
Entomostraca, collected in the Atlantic, [V., 8. 
fresh-water, of South America, III., 232. 
Eucheta Atlantica, 1V., 19. 
Sutherlandii, 1V., 20. 
Gammari, from a well at Brighton, Vere XXIXe 
Gammarus subterraneus, found at Wandsworth, LV., iv. 
Helocypris Atlantica, 1V., 34. 
New or rare species, I., cii, CXill. 
Niphargus Kochianus, capture of, V., exl. 
Stygius, L., 150. 
found in a well in England, II., exvi. 
Oniscus Armadillo, in ferneries, note on, Il., CXXXil. 
Palemon serratus, note on, IIL., cxviit. 
Pontella setosa, LV., 30. 
Rhincalanus cornutus, 1V., 18. 
Sapphirina Dane, Vivo: 
opaca, LY., 33. 
stylifera, 1V., 34. 
Titanethes albus, I., 153. 
Undina Dane, IV., 21. 
Helene, 1V., 25. 
longipes, 1V., 23. 
plumosa, IV., 24. 
pulchra, 1V., 26. 


DIPTERA. 

Acanthina longicornis, 1V., 120. 

porcata, IV., 120. 
Achias, singular species of, V., 4 Wie 
Agromyza invaria, LV., 232. 

Pistacie, name proposed, III., xlv. 
Anthomyia prolectata, Veco. 

protrita, V., 317. 


218 General Index. 


DIPTERA—continucd. 
Anthrax albirufa, 1V., 143. 


angustipennis?, IV., 141. 
argentilatus, 1V., 142. 
combinata, 1V., 143. 
commiles, 1V., 141. 
conclusa, 1V., 139. 
10-macula, IV., 139. 
dorsalis, 1V., 138. 
ineaacta, LV., 140. 
latifascia, 1V., 142. 
lineata, [V., 140. 
lurida, IV., 139. 
sobricula, IV., 144. 
solita, 1V., 140. 
subsenex, IV., 144. 
irifigurata, V., 285. 

Avicia circulutrix, V., 316. 
ignava, IV., 217. 
inducta, V., 316. 
inscia, LV., 217. 
procedens, V., 315. 
rescita, V., 315. 

Asilus firmatus, 1V., 130. 
inamatus, V., 283. 
mendax, LY., 130. 
perrumpens, V., 283. 
sericans, 1V., 130. 
Shalumus, 1V., 131. 

Asteia? tenuis, V., 331. 

Atomosia sericans, V., 282. 

Bengulia depressa, IV., 211. 

Bibio birudis, V., 332. 

criorhinus?, V., 331. 
Zealandicus, 1V., 235. 
Blow-flies, note on, II., 118. 
Bombylius albavitta?, V., 286. 
areolatus, 1V., 145. 
Juriosus, V., 286. 
Porborus Amazonicus, 1V., 222. 
Bricinnia, characters of, V., 324. 
Jlexivitia, V., 324. 
Calliphora femorata, V., 310. 
socors, V., 3ll. 
Calobata bicolor, V., 327. 
cyanescens, V., 327. 


Cecidomyia bursaria, larva in leaves of ground ivy, II., exxxiv. 


o> a 


General Index. 219 


DIPTERA—continued. 


Cecidomyia, habits of a new species, I., ev. 
7 note on Jarva of, I., xviii. 
Ceratophya bicolcr, 1V., 151. 
luridescens, 1V., 151. 
Ceria cacica, V., 288. | 
divisa, IV., 152. 
Characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W, Saunders, 
Esqe; LV, 1195 190);. W.;, 268. 
Charar, characters of, V., 325. 
planidorsum, V., 325. 

Chironomus nivoriundus, I., xevii. 

Chrysochlora purpurea, V., 271. 

Chrysomyia inclinata, V., 311. 

Chrysopila basalis, V., 285. 

trifasciata, V., 284. 

Chyliza nigro-viridis, V., 330. 

Clitellaria obesa, V., 270. 

Calopa offendens, V., 320. 

Cenosia intacta, V., 318. 

Conops bipunctata?, V., 293. 
macrocephala, note on, III., exvi. 
nigra, note on, ILI., exvil. 
observations on habits of, IV. 285. 

Cordyligaster tipuliformis, 1V., 205. 

Ctenophora atrata, note on larva, II., xxxvii. 

Culex, annoyance from, in northern latitudes, T., xxxix, @Xxviil. 
hyemalis, I., xevii. 

Cynomyia auriceps, 1V., 209. 

Cyphomyia simplex, V., 268. 

Cyrtus orbifer, V., 276. 

Dacus brevistriga, V., 322 
incisus, V., 323. 
pectoralis, V., 322. 
squalidus, V., 323. 

Damalis signatus, V., 284. 

Dasypogon @qualis, 1V., 127, 

decretus, V., 279. 
gelascens, V., 277. 
Grantii, L[V., 57. 
inopinatus, V., 278. 
inopportunus, V., 278. 
proclivis, V., 277. 
secabilis, V., 276. 
suavis, 1V., 127. 

Dexia albicans, 1V., 204. 

eatrema, LV., 203. 
Silipes, LV., 202. 


220 General Index. 


DIPTERA—continued. 
Dewia pertectu, V., 307. 
spinosa, 1V., 204. 
Dichromyia? punctipennis, 1V., 225. 
Dilophus desistens, V., 332. 
Diopsis obstans, V., 329. 
Discocephala divisa, V., 279. 
interlineata, V., 279. 
Dorycera? conspersa, IV., 221. 
Drosophila dorsivitta, V., 330. 
inversa, V., 331. 
valida, IV., 232. 
Dryomyxa cingulipes, 1V., 220. 
maculiceps, V., 319. 
Echinomyia albiceps, V., 295. 
furiosa, IV., 194. 
grossa, notes on habits of, I., ev. 
ludens, V., 295. 
platymesa, 1V., 195. 
stolida, 1V., 195. 
Elachipleron brevipennis, economy of, III., eviii. 
Elaphomyia, characters of, V., 413. 
alcicornis, V., 415. 
brevicornis, V., 415. 
cervicornis, V., 414. 
polita, Vi, 4165 
Wallacei, V., 414. 
Empis reciproca, 1V., 147. 
Ephydra brevis, 1V., 233, 
lata, IV., 233. 
nana, LV., 234. 
oscitans, IV., 233. 
Eristalis basiger, V., 290. 
erpictus, V., 290. 
Samiliaris, V., 290. 
impositus, V., 289. 
involvens, V., 291. 
transpositus, V., 289. 
Eurigaster commetans, V., 299. 
cuprescens, 1V., 196. 
desita, V., 299. 
fertoria, V., 300. 
habilis, V., 801. 
languida, 1V., 198. 
postica, V., 301. 
saginata, V., 298. 
Tasmania, 1V., 197. 
Geron albidum, IV., 146. 


ate os 2 a A TEA AN OD 


ee 


General Index. 221 


DIPTERA—continued. 


Geron tenue, IV., 147. - 
Glossina morsitans, the ‘‘ Tsetsé’’ of Africa, IT., xevii. 
note on, LV., Ixxxix. 
Gonia estroides, IV., 201. 
Helomyxa bipunctata, V., 319. 
gratiosa, V., 319. 
lata, IV., 219. 
marginalis, 1V., 220. 
robusta, LV., 220. 
Helophilus auratus, 1V., 153. 
scitus, 1V., 152. 
strenuus, IV., 152. 
Herina decisa, 1V., 227. 
delerminata, IV., 227. 
divisa, 1V., 228. 
intrudens, IV., 228. 
nigritula, 1V., 228. 
Hilara plebeia, 1V., 148. 
Hippobosca viridipes, 1V., 235. 
Hybos vittatus, V., 286. 
Hylemyia fasciata, 1V., 217. 
probata, V., 318. 
Idia extensa, IV., 211. 
simpler, IV., 212. 
varia, LV., 212. 
Jurinia debitrix, V., 296. 
innovata, V., 296. 
Lampria bitincta, V., 280, 
cilipes, 1V., 128. 
Lamproguaster lepida, 1V., 226. 
Laphria abscissa, V., 282. 
componens, V., 281. 
formidolosa, V., 280. 
fortipes, LV., 128. 
triligata, V., 281. 
Larve in walnuts, II., xxxiv. 
voided by a gentleman, II., iv. 
corn destroyed by, IV., v. 
Lepidophora secutor, 1V., 145. 
vetusta, 1V., 145. 
Leptogaster cingulipes, 1V., 131. 
Limnobia nigricola, V., 333. 
stupens, V., 333. 
Lomatia fascioluris, 1V., 144. 
Lonchea albimanus, IV., 222. 
discrepans, V., 322. 
Loxocera? quadrilinea, V., 329. 
VOL. V. N.S. EE 


999 General Index. 


DIPTERA—continued. 


Loroneura Perilampoides, 1V., 226. 
Lucilia basifera, 1V., 213. 
inventrix, V., 312. 
pinguis, LV., 213. 
surrepens, V., 312. 
Lycastris albipes, IV., 155. 
Lydella cessatrir, V., 305. 
? indita, V., 306. 
Masicera alacris, V., 304. 
albescens, 1V., 199. 
disputans, V., 302. 
expergila, V., 304. 
gentica, V., 302. 
incivica, V., 305. 
inclinans, 1V., 199. 
longiuscula, 1V., 198. - 
necopina, V., 303. 
Merodon torpidus, 1V., 153. 
Michogaster basistriga, V., 328. 
marginalis, V., 328. 
Microdon testaceus, 1V., 152. 
Midge, the winter, II., 117. 
Morellia indecora, IV., 215. 


Mosquitoes, Chinese method of driving away, I1., xv. 


Musca perlata, V., 314. 
ruficornis, 1V., 215. 
sensifera, V., 314. 

Mydas effracta, 1V., 126. 
signata, IV., 126. 

Nemopoda induans, V., 329. 

Nemorea erythropus, V., 298. 

intrita, V., 297. 

stride, note on, L., Ixxvi. 

Ophyra congressa, V., 317. 

intendens, V., 316. 

Opomyza signicosta, V., 330. 

Ortalis alternata, V., 326. 
bipars, V., 326. 
leucomelas, V., 325. 

Oscinis scita, 1V., 23). 

Pachymyia jactans, LV., 210. 

Pachyrhina nigrolutea, V., 334. 

Pangonia atrifera, V., 272. 

tenuirostris, V., 272. 

Walkeri, 1V., 56. 
?, note on, [V., Ixxxii. 
Paragus signatus, V., 288. 


pn ct OS ARB A 


General Index. 223 


DIPTERA—continued. 


Philopota limosa, IV., 125. 
Phora nebulosa, LV., 234. 
urbana, expelled from the human body, IIL. 33. 
Phthiria lineifera, 1V., 146. 
lurida, IV., 146. 
Phytomyza diminuta, LV, 2o06 
solita, 1V., 232. 
Pipiza divisa, 1V., 156. 
dolosa, IV., 156. 
pica, IV., 156. 
Pipunculus translatus, LV., 150. 
Platypalpus vicarius, IV., 148. 
Psilopus hereticus, V., 287. 
peractus, V., 287. 
permodicus, V., 288. 
solidus, V., 287. 
unyulivena, IV., 149. 
Ptilocera Natalensis, V., 268. 
Pyrellia facilis, 1V., 214. 
scordalus, V., 313. 
specialis, V., 313. 
suspicax, V., 312. 
torpida, 1V., 214. 
Rhamphomyia expulsa, LV., 148. 
tristis, LV., 148. 
Rhoga lutescens, 1V., 157. 
Rhopalomera nebulosa, 1V., 225. 
substituta, 1V., 225. 
tibialis, 1V., 224. 
Sapromyza apta, V., 321. 
Sarcophuga conclausa, V., 309. 
decedens, 1V., 207. 
despensa, V., 309. 
effrenata, V., 309. 
fortipes, V., 310. 
injuncta, LV., 208. 
innota, V., 308. 
intermutans, V., 308. 
perneta, V., 308. 
punctipennis, LV., 208. 
subsericans, LV., 207. 
Sargus rujibasis, V., 271. 
subinterruptus?, V., 271. . 
Saunders, W. W., characters of undescribed species in the Collection 
of, 1V., 119, 190; V., 268. 
Sceva pyrastii, note on, IL., xxvill. 
Scatophaga Canadensis, 1V., 218. 


224 General Index. 


DIPTERA—continwed. 


Sciomyza terminalis, 1V., 219. 
transducta, V., 320. 
Senostoma? punctum, 1V., 205. é 
Silvius nitescens, 1V., 124. 
Simulium ochraceum, V., 332. 
Sophira distorta, 1Y., 230. 
Stratiomys constricta, V., 269. 
inanimis, 1V., 121. 
pinguis, V., 270. 
Syritta transversa, 1V., 153. 
Syrphus colludens, V., 293. 
subchalybeus, IV., 157. 
Tabanus abscondens, V., 275. 
alleripennis, V., 274. 
bitinetus, LV., 123. 
cingulifer, IV., 123. 
commixtus, V., 273. 
dorsifer, V., 273. 
humillimus, LV., 124. 
imponens, 1V., 122. 
incipiens, V., 275. 
mallophoroides, 1V., 123. 
purus, V., 274. 
unicinetus, LV., 122. 
?, a pest on the Gold Coast, V., xix. 
Tachina despicienda, V., 306. 
nitidula, economy of, II., 82. 
Tachydromia postica, 1V., 149. 
vittipennis, 1V., 149. 
Temnocera circumdata, 1V., 154. 
integra, IV., 155. 
trifascia, LV., 154. 
unilecta, V., 292. 
viridula, V., 292. 
Tephritis, larva of a, destructive to Chrysanthemum, II., cxxx. 
Tetanocera discalis, V., 321. 
lateralis, 1V., 221. 
pectoralis, V., 321. 
Thereva avrida, 1V., 133. 
scutellaris, 1V., 133. : 
carnivorous habits of a species of, V., lix. 
Tipula associans, V., 333. 
dispellens, V., 334. 
Trichocera brumalis, 1., xviii. 
Trichophthalma albibasis, 1V., 134. 
bivitta, 1V., 135. 
letilinea, LV., 134. 


ee ee 


———. 


—_ 


— 


General Index. 


DIPTERA—continued. 
Trichophthalma primitiva, 1V., 134. 
Trixa ? sejuncta, LV., 200. 
Trupanea apivora, V., 282. 
lateralis, V., 283. 
lewcopyga, LV., 129. 
venerabilis, 1V., 129. 
Trypeta lutescens, LV., 229. 
polygramma, V., 326. 
sinica, 1V., 229. 
tubifera, 1V., 230. 
Tsetsé, venomous nature of, II., xevi, XCVIl. 
Ulidiu ? fulviceps, 1V., 227. 
Volucella aperta, V., 292. 
Xylophagus hasipunctatus, 1V., 121. 
Xylota subcostalis, V., 291. 


HEMIPTERA. 


Acanthosoma, notes on British species of, L., 109, 271. 
ZEdnus ventralis, 11., 10. 
Amphaces virescens, II., 14. 
Anisoscelis rufiventris, L., 5. 
Arilus nigricollis, eS. 
Belostoma, flying out at sea, IL., iv. 
Cercopis dimidiata, I., 11. 
Sulviceps, I., 10. 
Dinidor gibbus, IL., 18. 
lineatus, II, 11. 
Harpactor obscurus, eis 
Mecidea Indica, II., 9. 
linearis, LI., 9. 
quadrivittata, ities Ds 
Nematopus serripes, I., 4. 
Oplomus elongatus, Te Os 
Platymeris fulvipes, 1., 6. 
Ranatra gracilis, I; 10; 
pilipes, I., 9. 
Sciocoris Australis, IIL., 7. 
Scutata (Hemiptera), new species of, IL., 6. 
Tropicoris latus, TE.12. 
Urochela 4-punctata, eas 
Urostylis notulata, ies 1 


HOMOPTERA. 


Aphides, abundance of, at Newcastle, before cholera, II., exxix. 


secretion of, attractive to Lepidoptera, &e., U., exxi. 
Aphis Quercus, note on, LV., xcvs 


225 


226 General Index. 


HOMOPTERA—continued. 


Cicada, exotic, found alive in England, I., exxvii. 
hematodes, note on, LY., Ixv. 
septemdecim, notes on, I., lxxx, ciil. 
Cocci, notes on, I., xv. 
prize offered for Essay on Natural History of, IL, evi. 
Coccus arborum-linearis, destructive to fruit trees, ILI., Ixxvit. 
Fabe@, a new cochineal insect, II., vill. 
pela, wax secreted by, 1V., xxxiil. 
Sinensis, the wax insect of China, II., xev, cxvi. 
Dorthesia Characias, parturition of, IV., v. 


Fulgora candelaria, Lepidopterous parasite on, I., xxxvi; II., v. 


Notonecta glauca, habits of, IV., xe. 
Phyllomorpha Livingstonii, 1V., 1xxi. 
Thrips, injurious to roses in Australia, IT., evi. 
Typhlocyba Filicum, new species, injurious to ferns, LI., exxxil. 
Umbonia spinosa, used as human food, II., 242. 
_ Urophora Hardwickii, note on, IL., vii. 


HYMENOPTERA. 
Abispa, note on, L., 180. 
Ancistrocerus deflendus, II., 141. 
Sflavopunctatus, I., 36. 
Anthidium cordatum, habits of, V., x. 
; nest of, III., exxx. 
maculatum, new British species, II., eviii. 
2, habits of, V., x. 
Anthophorabia retusa, notes on, I1., 248, cxxx, cxxxv. 
Ants, Brazilian, economy of, III., 156. 
destructive to Cocci, III., x. 
nests, Coleoptera inhabiting, IITI., 90. 
Apis Ligustica, introduced into Britain, V., 1xxxvili, cxxvi. 
Aulucus, new species of, I., 222. 


Anthophora 


Bees, honey, Chinese method of taking honey from, IT., cxxxix. 


chloroform for stupifying, IL., cxxu. 
destroyed by toads, IL., exxxi. 
drone-eggs laid in worker-cells, II., cxxxvi. 
duration of life in, II., 145. 
fertile workers of, V., cxvill. 
fond of water, II., 116. 
junction of swarms of, IT., cxvii. 
monstrosity in, II., xxv. 
new enemy to, III., Ixxxii. 
note on, IJ., 115. 
queen reared from worker-brood, I., exiii. 
observations on, III., 187. 
South African, IIT., Ixxxi. 

leaf-cutter, note ov, I1., 116. 


: 
| 
) 


General Index. 


HY MENOPTERA—continued. 


Bees, mode of opening snapdragons, I., xxxviis 
moss-earder humble, note on, II., 113. 
sting of, IL., 113. 
Bethylus depressus, new British species, V., Ixv. 
Bombi, impaled on thorns, I., xvi. 
parasites of, V., cxl. 
Bombinatrices, habits of, I., Ixxxvi, cix, exvili. 
Bombus arcticus, new British species, I., citi. 
atripes, II., 44. 
breviceps, II., 44. 
Derhamellus, note on nest of, I., cxi. 
eximius, I1., 47. 
flavescens, II., 45. 
Sunerarius, IL., 47. 
hemorrhoidalis, 11., 43. 
nasutus, II., 44. 
nivalis, captured in Scotland, I1., xxv. 
rufofasciatus, II., 48. 
simillimis, II., 48. 
trifasciatus, II., 43. 
tunicatus, I1., 43. 
Bred specimens of Hymenoptera, note on, I., xvi. 


Calosoter vernalis, parasitic on Ptilinus pectinicernis, LL, 83. 
»?P ’ 


Capitonius bifasciatus, I., 225. 
Cataulacus (n. g.) Guineensis, IL., 225. 
parallelus, I1., 226. 
Taprobane, I1., 225. 
Cerceris xonalis, II., 35. 
Chalcidide, in nests of an Osmia, I1., xxxiv. 
Chalcidoma celocera, nest of, III., exxix. 


Cheiropachus quadrum, parasitic on Scolytus destractor; 11, 83, 


Chelostoma florisomnis, habits of, IV., xxvii. 
Chrysis, new British species, I., xvi. 
Coleocentrus, observations on, I., 12. 
Crabro, new British species, L., xvi. 
Cremastus Buoliana, I1I., 60. 
Cryptocerus, monograph of, IL., 213. 
Ai thiops, 11., 216. 
Araneolus, \1., 223. 
argentatus, II., 218. 
cordatus, II., 219. 
discocephalus, I1., 222. 
D’ Orbignyanus, I1., 218. 
dubitatus, II., 216. 
elegans, I1., 222. 
JSemoralis, Lr 2195 
pubescens, LI., 223, 


2a? 


228 General Index. 


HY MENOPTERA—continwed. 
Cryptocerus unimaculatus, II., 223. 
Cryptus purpuratus, If., 33. 
Cynips lignicola, new British species, III , cxiv. 
longipennis, larva of, I., exiil. 
palliceps, ILI., xxi. 


new British species, III., xxxv, xl, Ixxvi, Ixxxvii, cxix. 


Dorylus, habits of, V., xxviii. 

Eciton crassicornis, III., 163. 
curvidentata, III., 162. 
hamata, III., 160. 
legionis, III., 164. 
rapar, III., 163. 
simillima, III., 164. 
vagans, III., 162. 

Eumenes decoratus, I1., 36. 

quadratus, I1., 37. 
tinctor, nest of, IIT., exxviii. 

Evania and allied genera, memoir on, [., 213. 

Evaniide, economy of, I1I., xxi. 

Fenus, new species of, I., 217. 

Formica brunnea, 1V., 278, Ixxxviii. 
congerens, IV., 278. 
cunicularia, IIT., 103. 

note on, I., Ixxxii. 
flava, III., 108. 
Juliginosa, ILI., 105. 
fusca, III., 104. 
graminicola, note on, I., Ixxxii. 
nigra, III., 109. 
rufa, III., 100. 
sanguinea, III., 101. 
umbrata, ILI., 106. 


Formicide, British genera and species, III., 95; IV., 274. 


Hemiteles formosus, V., 211. 
Hornets, note on, I., Ixxii. 
Hyleus gibbus, 1., 59. 
hyalinatus, economy of, II., 84. 
rubicola, I., 58. 
non-parasitic, II., x. 
versicolor, I., 58. 
notes on, I., 43, xii, c. 
Hylecthrus Sieholdii, I1., 142. 
Icaria guttatipennis, nest of, IIT., exxix. 
Ichneumon paludator, I11., 44. 
Isle of Wight, captures in, I., ec. 
Iswara luteus, I., 232. 
Lamprocolletes bipectinatus, LV., xxxi. 


General Index. 229 


HYMENOPTERA—continued. 


Larrada 2, nest of, V., lv. 
Lestis eratus, I., 180. 
bombylans, 1., 179. 
Lyda fasciata, note on, ep xVie 
Macrus, observations on, I., 12. 
Megalyra, new species of, I., 225. 
Megischus, new species of, I., 229. 
Melittobia Acasta, economy of, II., 248. 
Meranoplus petiolatus, L1., 224. 
Mischocyttarus lubiatus, nest of, III., cxxixs 
Monodontomerus, economy of, IL., Xvill. 
Monomachus, notes on species of, L., 216. 
Myrmecina Latreillii, LII., 1382; IV., 284. 
Myrmica acervorum, IIl., 124; IV., 280. 
caspitum, II1 , 122; 1V., 279. 
denticornis, III., 120; 1V., 279. 
domestica, I1I., 130. 
fiavidula, &c., capture of, TY. XXIV ° 
fugaz, II1., 127; IV., 283. 
graminicola, III., 126. 
levigata, III., 130. 
levinodis, I1I., 118; IV., 279. 
lippula, new British species, LV., Ixxxix. 
lobicornis, LV., 279. 
longiscapa, III., 122. 
molesta, 1V., 284. 
nitidula, new British species, IV., Ixxxix. 
Nylanderi, 1V., 280. 
pallidula, IV., 282. 
ruginodis, III., 116; IV., 279. 
scabrinodis, III., 115; IV., 279. 
simillima, LII., 129. 
sulcinodis, III., 119; IV., 279. 
unifasciata, ITI., 128. 
Westwoodii, 1V., 281. 
Myrmosa nigriceps, I., 69. 
Natal, habits of Hymenoptera of, V., ix. 
New species, [I., 33. 
Nomada armata, capture of, III., xvii. 
new British species, I., xvi. 
Odynerus parietum, economy of, III., 43. 


(Ecodoma cephalvtes, used as human food, IL., 242. 
Ophion undulatum, new British species, I., vi. 
Orectognathus (n, g.) antennalus, II., 228. 
Osmia parietina, development Ol Ulu 


Panurgus ursinus, habits of, II., exl. 


230 General Index. 


HYMENOPTERA—continued. 
Paragia Odyneroides, I., 42. 
tricolor, I., 41. 
Pelopeus chalybeus, economy of, III., 42. 
habits of, V., x. 
nest of, III., exxix. 
Pezomachus, economy of, III., xlvi; V., 209. 
Pison regalis, 11., 34. 
Polistes Lanio, nest of, I., 176. 
sulcatus, II., 38. 
Pompilus punctum, economy of, III., 41. 
variegatus, capture of, in England, II., xxv. 
Ponera contructa, I11., 118. 
Pseudomeria Greca, 1., 69. 
Pseudomyrma bicolor, I11., 157. 
cephalica, 111., 168. 
elegans, III., 159. 
maculata, III., 158. 
. nigriceps, II]., 159. 
oculata, III., 159. 
pallida, III., 160. 
sericata, III., 159. 
termitaria, III., 158. 
testacea, III., 158. 
unicolor, III., 158. 
Pteromalus, species parasitic on Oxystoma ulicis, L., citi. 
Raphigaster Guineensis, nest of, I11., exxix. 
Raphiglossa Eumenoides, I,, 72. 
Odyneroides, I., 72. 
Rhopalum tibiale, note on, I, xv. 
Rhynchium flavo-marginatum, II., 35. 
ornatum, II., 36. 
Sapyga 4-guttata, economy of, III., 42. 
Selandria sericans, new British species, I., Ixxxv. 
Sirex duplex, injurious to Scotch firs, 1V., xevi. 
proportion of sexes, IL., iii. 
Sphex Lanierii, nest of, V., lv. 
Stenumma albipennis, III., 134. 
Westwoodii, III., 134. 
note on the genus, III., xcii. 
Stephanus, note on, I., 227. 
Synagris calida, nest of, IIT., exxviii.- 
mirabilis, nest of, III., exxviii. 
Tapinoma erratica, III., 111. 
polita, III., 112. 
Tenthredo cingulata, capture of female, III., xvii. 
Trichiosoma lucorum, I., Ixxvi, Ixxxii. 
Trigona leviceps, note on, LV., xevili. 


a a. 


General I adex. 


HYMENOPTERA — continued, 
Trigonalys compressa, I., 176. 
species of, I., 231. 
Trogus Pepsoides, TI., 33: 
Tryphon nigriceps, new British species, IT., CXXXVi. 


Trupoaxylon, economy and habits of, IIL, 42; LV., Ixxvi' 


Vespa Britannica, note on larva, IL., xxxiv. 
Crabroniformis, II., 40. 
decora, Il., 41. 
ducalis, II., 39. 
magnifica, I1., 45. 
Mandarinia, II., 38. 
obliterata, 1L., 47. 
vulgaris, hybernation Of Vie cixe 
Wasp, seven Stylopites in one, IL., ix. 
social, note on nest of, I., 177. 
Wasps killing flies, note on, Les Wa. 
mason, note on, II., 114. 
nests, material of, III., xviii, xix, xxv, lv. 
note on, II., 114. 
Xylocopa appendiculata, I1., 41. 
pictifrons, I1., 42. ; ° 
rufipes, I1., 42. 
violacea, capture in England, T1I., eviii. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 
Abraxas? ribearia, habits of, I., cvi. 
Acentropus Garnonsii, capture of, III., xxiv. 
Achcrontia Atropos, found in a bee-hive, IV.,, Ixx. 
squeaking in pupa state, I., xIvi. 
variety of larva, UES xix. 
Acidalia herbariata, new British species, V., xil. 
Acrobasis rubretibiella, new British species, V., XXXVlil. 
Adela cuprella, capture of, I., Ixxxi ; IL, xi. 
Laurella, I11., 290. 
Natalensis, V., 222. 

Adolias, monograph of, V., 62. 

Aconthia, V., 62. 

Adima, V ., 76. 

Adonia, V., 67. 

Alpheda, V., 66. 

Ambalika, V., 74. 

Anosia, V., 65. 

Apiades, V., 77. 

Cocytina, V., 75. 

Cocytus, V., 76. 

Confucius, Wiest Oe 

Coresia, V., 82. 


931 


232 


General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 


Adolias Dirtea, V., 84. 


Dunya, V., 84. 
Durga, V., 80. 
Epiona, V., 79. 
Evelina, V., 7d. 
Francia, V., 81. 
Garuda, V., 64. 
Gopia, V., 73. 
Hesperus, V., 85. 
Iva, V., 78. 
Jahnu, V., 74. 
Japis, V., 73. 
Kanda, V., 69. 
Kardama, V., 80. 
Kesava, V., 67. 
Lubentina, V., 67. 
Lutala, V., 7). 
Mahadeva, V., 68. 
Merta, V., 72. 
Monima, V., 86. 
Nara, V., 78. 
Nesimachus, V., 83. 
Nicea, V., 83. 
Palguna, V., 70. 
Parta, V., 63. 
Pelea, V., 86. 
Phemius, V., 65. 
Pulasara, V., 71. 
Puseda, V., 71. 
Ramada, V., 69. 
Sahadeva, V., 80. 
Salia, V., 69. 
Sananda, V., 76. 
Sancara, V., 78. 
Sedeva, V., 68. 
Sikandi, V., 75. 
Siva, V., 85. 
Telchinea, V., 77. 
Tenta, V., 81. 
Trigerta, V., 72. 
Vasanta, V., 77. 


Echmia oculatella, capture of, I., xciv. 


Stanneella, I., vi. 


Agdistes Bennettii, larva of, 1V., xvi. 
Agrias, notes on, V., 2. 


Hewitsonius, V., exi. 
Pericles, V., exi. 


FO es a ee 


a 


General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 


Agrias Sardanapalus, V., exi. 
Agrotis Ashworthii, I11., XCiV. 
lunigera, capture of, I., xxxix ; II., xxvil ; IIT., ciii. 
saucia, from Venezuela, I., v. 
suffusa, from Venezuela, I., v- 
Aleucis pictaria, capture of, L., xiii; II., exiv. 
Anarsia candida, V., 114. 
Geniste, food of larva, III., xcii. 
Anarta cordigera, economy of, III., xcvi. 
Anatole, note on, V., 5. 
Anchylopera Upupana, capture of, IL., xvii. 
Anesychia Stella, III., 290. 
Anthocharis Cardamines, variety of, TII., xxxvil. 
Anthrocera Vilipendule, variety of, IIL., citi. 
Anticlea berberata, note on larva, II., xxx. 
Antispila Pfeifferella, IV., 268. 
Rivillei, 1V., 269. 
Treitschkiella, IV., 268. 
Apatura Iris, varieties of, 1V4, xc. 
Aphomia anella, new British species, I., xxxv. 
Aplota palpella, food of, II., exvill. 
Arctia Caja, hermaphrodite, I., XXXVI. 
variety of, LV., Ixii. 
Horsfieldi, 1., 162. 
Argynnis Euphrosyne, varieties of, IIT., ii, iv ; IV., xevii. 
Lathonia, capture of, I., xvii; HL, xxxvil, Ixxxix. 
Paphia, varieties of, TENG ii; iv: 
Asopia nemoralis, new British species, We exxx. 
Asychna eratella, capture of, III., citi. 
economy of, IIL, XC1X. 
Atkinsonia, characters of, V., 125. 
Clerodendronella, V., 125. 
Baits for moths, II., xx, xxx, cxxii. 
Bedellia somnulentella, natural history of, II., 207. 
Bombyx, cocoons containing two pup®, I., xxxix. 
larva-case of a Tinea attached to, I., xlvii. 
Cynthia, introduction into Italy and Malta, IIL., viii, 
XXXVill, XCl. 
Bondia Nigella, I11., 289. 
Borys silacealis, taken in Isle of Wight, 1V., xxv. 
urticalis, economy of, II., vill. 
Boydia criniferella, III., 292. 
Bryophila perla, economy of, LV., viii. 
larva of, II., 117. 
Bucculatrix Cidarella, capture of, I., XCiv. 
cristatella, I., vi. 
Butalis triocellata, V., 120. 


233 


XXVill, 


234 General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA —continued. 


Butterflies, habits of Amazonian species, IT., 253. 
Eastern, II[., ]xxxi. 
method of finding larve, II., evil. 
Caerois chorineus, note on, V., 4. 
Callimorpha Hera, captured in England, IIT., exxv. 
Callithea Batesii, I., 99. 
Godurtii, note on, I., vi. 
Sapphira, economy of, V., 3. 
Calydne, notes on, V., 9. 
Caradrina Alsines, note on, III., cil. 
blanda, note on, ILI., ciii. 
cubicularis, larva injurious to grapes, 1V., xxi. 
Carpocapsa saltitans, V., Xxvil. 
Castulo Doubledayi, IV., 55. 
Jatagramma Astarte, note on, I., 100. 
Catephia alchymista, new British species, V., xlni. 
Catocala, manner of sitting, IL., exxxviil. 
Catoptria Albersana, habit of larva, I1., exvii. 
Cemiostoma Laburnella, habit of larva, Iv, ciil. 
Wailesellu, a new species, V., xxi. 
a new species, V., XXvil. 
Cerata Servillana, capture of, IT., xvii. 
Ceromitia Wahlbergi, V., 222. 
Cerostoma albofasciella, V., 114. 
rugosella, V., 1138. 
Charis, note on, V., 8. 
Cheimatobia brumata, ravages of larva, V., xxxi. 
Chilo cicatricellus, new British species, I1., xxvii. 
mucronellus, capture of, I., xviii. 
Chimabacche Cinderella, III., 288. 
Cherocampa Celerio, capture of, I., xxxix ; IL., exiil. 
note on larva of, III., exv. 
Nerii, captured in England, II., xxxiv. 
Choreutes vibrana, new British species, II., exxx. 
Cleogene Peletieraria, captured in Ireland, IL., cxxxv. 
Clerome Arcesilaus, 1V., 183. 
: Busiris, 1V., 187. 
Eumeus, 1V., 188. 
Faunula, 1V., 186. 
Phaon, 1V., 185. 
Stomphaz, 1V., 186. 
Cloantha conspicillaris, capture of, III., Ixxxix. 
Clostera anachoreta, capture of, V., Ixxvil. 
Cochylis Francillana, note on, I., xcv. 
Coleophora albitarsella, natural history of, II., 79. 
Alcyonipennella, natural history of, II., 79. 
Ardeepennella, V., 410, 


General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA —continued. 
Coleophora Artemisiella, V., 409. 
binotupennella, new British species, IT., exxxe 
conspicuella, capture of larva, II., xxi. 
deauratella, capture of, II., xxx. 


235 


hemerobiella, food of larva, I., xv, xxxiv, Ixxxv; II., xxv. 


Inule, new British species, L., ci. 
Melilotella, V., 408. 
Onosmella, food of larva, II., xxv. 
Paripennella, note on, I., Ixxxv. 
politella, V., 410. 
Wilkinsoni, V., 411. 
Wockeella, larva of, IL., exxvii; IV., xii. 
reared from Juncus glomeratus, I1., xlv. 
Coriscium orientale, III., 301. 
substriga, notes on larva, II., 99, 107. 
Cosmopleryx, new British species of, I., ii. 
éneella, V., 124. 
Asiatica, V., 122. 
semicoccinea, V., 123. 
Zieglerella, food of larva, II., exxvill. 
Crambus uliginosellus, I., vi; IL., xxvi. 
Crymodes templi, habits of, II., xxii. 
Cryptoblabes Rutilella, food of larva, III., xci. 
Cucullia Verbasci, note on, I., cxxx. 
Cybdelis, note on, V., 4. 
Cynthia Cardui, variety of, III., xc. 
Danais Daos, note on, I., xxxv, xXxvi. 
Deilephila Celerio, capture of, I., xxxix ; II., exiii. 
note on larva of, III., exv. 
Dalii, 1V., 54. 
lineata, captured in Ireland, II., xeviil, cix. 
Depressaria assimilella, food of larva, I., vii. 
atomella, food of larva, L., ciii. 
capreolella, capture of, II1., ix. 
emeritella, food of larva, II., xxviii. 
Lewinella, Ill., 291. 
Libanotidella 2, new British species, 1V., xxvi- 
food of larva, IL, xxvii. 
Melesella, III., 291. 
? Ricinella, V., 110. 
Ricini, V., 115. 
Zizyphi, V., 115. 
Diasemia Ramburialis, new British species, V., xxxix. 
Dictyopteryx uliginosana, capture of, IIT., exil. 
Digging for pupz, observations on, IT., cix. 
Diphthera Orion, capture of, I., exvii. 
Dircenna Duillia, 11., 247. 


236 General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA—contin wed. 


Discophora Zal, IV., 188. 
Ditula angustiorana, notes on, L., iv, Ixix, xev. 
Drepana Sicula, capture of, IV., xxii. 
Drusilla catops, 1V., 181. 
Horsfieldii, 1V., 181. 
Mylecha, I., 175; IV., 182. 
Phorcas, IV., 182. 
Selene, 1V., 181. 
Urania, LV., 180. 
Elachista, aberrant species of, IV., 267. 
notes on species of, I., 21, 24. 
remarks on the economy of, III., 85. 
abbreviatella, 1V., 299. 
adscitella, IV., 310. 
aire, 1V., 808. 
albifrontella, 1V., 298. 
anserinella, IV., 319. 
apicipunctella, IV., 298. 
arundinella, 1V., 306. 
atricomella, I1V., 300. 
Bedellella, 1V., 303. 
biatomella, IV., 315. 
bifasciella, IV., 309. 
bistictella, 1V., 323. 
Briinnichella, 1V., 270. 
food of larva, III., evi. 
cerussella, 1V., 314. 
taken in cop. with E, rufosinerea, I., xvi. 
chrysodesmella, 1V., 313. 
cinctella, IV., 310. 
cinereopunctella, 1V., 299. 
cingillella, 1V., 312. 
collitella, 1V., 318. 
consortella, 1V., 307. 
constitella, 1V., 320. 
contaminatella, 1V., 314. 
cygnipennella, 1V., 322. 
natural history of, II., 210. 
disemiella, 1V., 316. 
dispilella, LV., 317. 
dispositella, 1V., 305. 
dispunctella, 1V., 316. 
eleochariella, 1V., 315. 
extensella, 1V., 304. 
festucicolella, IV., 321. 
Jflavicomella, 1V., 300. 
Suscochreella, 1V., 322. 


General Index. 937 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 


Elachista gangabella, 1V., 312. 

Gleichenella, 1V., 297. 
Gregsoni, IV., 302. 
griseella, 1V., 305. 
grossepunctella, LV., 321. 
Helvetica, 1V., 301. 
Holdenella, 1V., 302. 
humilis, 1V., 306. 
incanella, LV., 304. 
Kilmunella, IV., 301. 
luticomella, 1V., 300. 
magnificella, LV., 297. 
Megerlella, 1V., 311. 

natural history of, II., 210. 
Miuhligiella, 1V., 323. 
nigrella, LV., 302. 
nitidulella, 1V., 321. 
nobilella, 1V., 297. 
obliquella, 1V., 311. 
obscurella, IV., 305. 
occultella, I., vii. 
ochreella, LV., 322. 
perplezella, 1V., 308. 
Poa, a new species, ITI., xiii; IV., 309. 
pollinariella, LV., 317. 
pollutella, 1V., 321. 
pullella, LV., 308. 
quadrella, 1V., 296. 
rectifasciella, [V., 304. 
revinctella, 1V., 310. 
Rhynchosporella, 1V., 315. 
Rivillei, suggested name for a species mining vine leaves, 

TS Site 

rudectella, 1V., 320. 
rufocinerea, 1V., 319. 

taken in cop. with E. cerussellu, I., xviii. 
salicis, IV., 323. 
serricornis, LV., 313. 
stabilella, LV., 303. 
Staintoni, food of larva, I., viii, xvi. 
subnigrella, 1V., 307. 

natural history of, II., 210. 
subocellea, LV., 318. 
teniatella, IV., 312. 

economy of, IV., xi. 
testaceella, food of larva, II., xxx. 
tetragonella, 1V., 296. 
VOL. V. N.S. EE 


238 General Inder. 


LEPIDOPTERA —continued. 


Eluchista trapeziella, 1V., 296. | 
capture of, II., xxx. 
triatomea, 1V., 317. 
triseriatella, LV., 320, 
capture of, ILI., xxxiv. 
tristictella, 1V., 323. 
utonella, 1V., 314. 
gzonariella, 1V., 311. 
Emesis, note on, V., 5. 
Endromis versicolor, capture of, IEI., Ixxxix. 
habit of, [II., cxvii. 
Entometa obligua, an Australian Bombyr escaping from cocoon in 
England, III., exiv. 
Ephestia Ficella, note on, I., cxiv. 
Ephyra, hybrid specimen of, V., exvi. 
Epicalia and Myscelia, sexes of one genus, II., iv. 
Epipyrops anomala, proposed name for parasite on Pulgora candelaria, 
TL. ; Vv. 
Erateina, observations on, and descriptions of new species, V., 261. 
lineata, V., 265. 
margarita, V., 266. 
obscura, V., 266. 
regina, V., 264. 
sinuata, V., 263. 
undulata, V., 263. 
Erycina Amazon, V., 97. 
Atahualpa, V., 101. 
Batesit, V., 99. 
Bogota, V., 98. 
Calphurnia, V., 106. 
Colubra, V., 103. 
Eryzo, V., 104. 
Etias, V., 102. 
Heliconoides, V., 99. 
Huana, V., 100. 
Huasear, V., 101. 
Ocollo, V., 105. 
Saundersii, I1., 245. 
Erycinide, pupe of, V., 6. 
Eudioptes Indica, I., 163. 
Eupithecia tenuiata, note on, I., xev. 
ultimaria, new British species, I., eviii. | 
Gastropacha Ilicifolia, a British species, I., ]xxxv, xciv. 4 
Gelechia, memoir on British species, I., 14, 60, 101, 241, cxxx. 
notes on species of, I., 23, 24, cxiv, xxix, 
basaltinella, capture of, II., 27. 
blandella, natural history of, IJ., 76. 


General Index. 939 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 


Gelechia cerealella, abundant at Renfrew, L[., cxxviii. 
contigua, natural history of, IL., 76. 
Cornubia, new British species, V., xxxix. 
costella, larva hybernating, II., iv. 
fraternella, natural history of, IT., 76. 
Hermannella, note on larva, IJ., 101, 

? Hibisci, V., 117. 
instabilella, food of larva, IJ., cxxvii. 
lentiginosella, food of larva, II., exxvii. 

note on, I., eviil. 
leucomelanella, new British species, V., xxxix, 
marginipunctella, V., 118. 
neviferella, note on larva, II., 101. 
ocellatella, new British species, V., xxxix. 
? pubescentella, V., 117. 
simpliciella, V., 118. 
subocellea, notes on larva, I., xliv, xlvii, exvii. 

Glyphipteryr Subella, III., 297. 

Schenicolella, new British species, V., xl. 

Glyphisia crenata, larva of, III., ix. 

Gonepteryr Rhamni, economy of, IV., vii, xiii. 

var. Cleopatra, V., exlili. 
Goniodoma auroguttella, capture of, III., exii. 
Gracilaria, memoir on the genus, I., 115, 183. 
auricilla, V., 120. 
auroguttella, natural history of, II., 124, 
faleatella, V., 121. 
Franckella, natural history of, IT., 123. 
? Oenerostomella, I., vi. 
Ononidis, capture of, I., xciv, ciii. 
Phasianipennella, capture of, I., cxvii. 
food of larva, If., exxviit. 
stigmatella, natural history of, II., 124. 
Syringella, note on larva, II., 99. 
ustulatella, V., 121. 
Graphiphora ditrapezium, capture of, II., xxv; IV., XXL 
Grapholitha corollana, economy of, III., xxvii. 
Weirana, I., viii. 
Gymnancyla canella, food of larva, III., xci. 
Hetera Hortona, II1., 246. 
Hypesia, I1., 247. 
Heliconide, notes on, V., 1. 
Heliophobus hispidus, capture of, [., eviii; III., eviii. 
Hemithea smaragdaria, capture of, 1V., Ixxxii. 
economy of larva, II., v. 
Hestia Daos, I., xxxvi. 
Homeosoma binevella, food of larva, II., xxviii; ITT., xci, 
EE 2 


240 General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA —continued. 
Fydrilla caliginosa, capture of, 1I., xviii. 
Hyponomeuta Africanus, V., 222. 
fumigatus, V., 222. 
plumbellus, economy of, IIT., xiii. { 
20-punctatus, larva of, 1V., xxx. : 
Hypsolophus limosellus, I1., xxviii. i 


? palustrellus, I., xiv. 
Schmidtiellus, 11., xxxix. 
Verbascellus, new British species, II., exxvii. 
Ilithyia sociella, cocoons of, found in stomach of a cow, V., Ixxv. 
Incurvaria masculella, curious larve of, IT., xxvii, exiv, exxi. 
tenuicornis, capture of, III., xvi. 
Zinckenii, curious larve of, II., xxvii, cxiv, cxxi. 
Ino, an apparently new species of, V., Ixxx. 
Lampronia corticella, habits of larva, II., exix. 
Laphygma exigua, larva of, LV., Ixii. 
Larve affected by muscardine, II., cxxxiil. 
fungoid appendages to, II., xxi. 
leaf-miners mentioned by Réaumur, II., 97. a 
longevity of, IV., viii. { 
method of finding, IT., evi. 
mining leaves of Cornus sunguineus, II.. xxvii. 
Lasiocampa Callune, note on its distinetness, IT., ex xviii. 
Trifolii, parasitic (?), moth in pupa of, IT., exxx. 
Lusiommata Megera, variety of, V., cxxiv. 
Laverna conturbatella, new British species, 1V., xix. : 
Mimose, V., 126. 
ochraceella, food of larva, II., exviii. 
Raschkiella, new British species, 1V., xix. 
Lebeda cuneilinea, 1V., 58. 
Lemonias, note on, V., 5. 
Leptalis Acraoides, I., 99. 
Leucania extranea, uew British species, V., Ixxix. 
musculosa, capture of, III., evi. 
vitellina, new British species, 1V., xxxiv. 
Limacodes asellus, capture of, II1., xix. 
Limnecia Phragmitella, note on, I., Ixxv. 
Lithocolletis, habits of the larve, II., 102, 119. 
note on larve, I., Ixx. 
species of, I., v. 
species of, on low growing plants, II., cxvii. 
Bauhinia, I11., 303. 
Bremiella, new British species, III., cviii. 
Carpinicolella, note on, I., xv. 
Coryli, note on, I., ci. 
Dunningiella, new British species, I., cxii. 
Helianthemi, habits of, V., lxxix. 


General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 

Lithocolletis irradiella, I11., 9; I1., exxxiii. 

Lalagella, I11., 300. 

Nicellii, capture of, IT., exiv. 

nigrescentella, I., 182. 

Scabiosella, natural history of, II., 121. 

Stettinensis, food of larva, II., exvi. 

tenella, note on, I., xv. 

trifusciella, natural history of, II., 120. 


Lithosia depressa and helvola, sexes of one species, II., xiv. 


Lozostoma, characters of, V., 124. 
Jflavofasciata, V., 124. 
semisulphurea, V., 125. 
Lycena Betica, taken near Brighton, V., Ixxix. 
Lymnas, note on, V., 6. 
Lyropteryx Apollonia, V., 109. 
Lyra, V., 109. 
Macaria notataria, malformations of, LV., xxii. 
Macroglossa Nox, IV., 54. 


Margarodes unionalis, new British species, V., Ixxxviil. 


Mesosemia, notes on, V., 4. 
Micra parva, new British species, V., xlii. 
Micro-Lepidoptera, mentioned by Réaumur, II., 97. 
natural history of, LI., 75. 
of Bogota, II., exli. 
reared in winter by heat, IT., ii. 
tropical, III., 301, Ixxxvii, xcuii. 
Micropteryx, monograph of British species, I., 26. 
Anderschella, food of larva, II., xxviil. 
mansuetella, note on, I., xv. 
Mixodia Hawkerana, bred from sea-spurge, LV., Ixxi. 
Morpho Cytheris, habitat of, IT., xix. 

oriental species related to, LV., 158. 
Moths on street lamps, III., ii. 

Myelois Artemisiella, I., vi. 

Epelydella, food of larva, II., xxviii. 
Myscelia and Epicalia, sexes of one genus, II., iv. 
Nascia cilialis, capture of, I., xviil. 

Necyria Hewitsonii, V., 106. 
Manco, V., 107. 
Tapaja, V., 108. 
Nepticula, notes on larva of, II., 105, viii. 
species of, I., citi. 
4-maculella, note on, III., xviii. 
Noctua flammatra, new British species, V., !xxix, 
sobrina, new British species, IT., exxxiv. 
Noctuide, abundance of, in 1855, ILI., civ, exiy. 
Nonagria Bondii, V., exxxiil. 


241 


242 General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 


Nonagria Canna, hermaphrodite, I., xxxix. 
Notodonta bicolor, new British species, V., xxxvi. 
carmelita, bred from the egg, III., Ixxxix. 
capture of, II., xii, xvi, Cxvi. 
cucullina, bred from the egg, III., Ixxxix. 
larva of, III, xiii. 
tritophus, captured in Scotland, IJ., xxxvii. 
very subject to attacks of Ichneumons, IT., CXNXIll. 
Nyctegretes Achatinella, new British species, 1V., XXile 
Nymphidium, note on, V., 4. 
Ocnerostoma Piniariella, economy of, IV., iv. 
Odontia dentalis, capture of, I., xxxiv. 
(@cophora, notes on species of, I., 22. 
Agnesella, I1I., 297. 
Arabella, I1I., 296. 
bimaculella, I1I., 295. 
Ellenella, I1¥., 295. 
Hecatella, I11., 299. 
Isabella, III., 295. 
lacteella, note on larva, IT., xxv. 
Marionella, I11., 294. 
Paulinella, U11., 297. 
Sabella, I11., 299. 
Semelella, III., 298. 
subganomella, V., 119. 
Zitella, I11., 296. 
Cnophila V-flava, notes on, IL., xvili, xxiii. 
(Enosandra Boisduvalii, IT1., 286. 
Opostega Laburnella, food of larva, II., xxviii. 
somnulentella, note on, I., xii. 
Ornithoptera Brookiana, III., civ. 
capture of a new species, V., Ixx. 


habits and transformations of a species of, [V., 272. 


Ornix albifrons, V., 122. 
Meleagripennella and its allies, I., 86. 
Orthosia hyperborea, capture of, III., xxiii. 
ruticilia, new British species, I., iii. 
Orthostizis catenaria, taken in Britain, I., Ixxiv. 
Orthotenia Buoliana, rernarks on, III., 59. 
Ourapteryx Sumbucaria, peculiarity in the pupa, I1., exvin. 
Pachetra leucophea, captured in England, 11., exvill, cxxi. 
Pedisca bilunana, note on, IJ., xev. 
Panara Barsacus, note on, V., 9. 
Pandora Prola, habits of, V., xxii. 
Papilio A/neas, and allies, note on, V., 339. 
Eneides, note on, V., 345. 


ee ee 


General Index. 243 


LEPIDOPTERA—continucd. 
Papilio Aglaope, note on, V., 343. 
Anchisiades, and allies, note on, V., 338. 
Antenor, locality for, and capture of, III., xl; V., cxviil. 
Ariarathes, note on, V., 336. 
Autosilaus, note on, V., 348. 
Belus, note on, V., 227. 
Bolivar, I., 97. 
note on, V., 342. 
Caudius, note on, V., 1. 
Chabrias, I1., 23. 
note on, V., 343. 
Choridamus, and allies, note on, V., 330. 
Cinyras, note on, V., 347. 
Columbus, I. 98. 
note on, V. 348. 
Conon, II., 246. 
Crassus, note on, V., 227. 
Dolicaon, note on, V., 348. 
Echelus, note on, V., 344. 
Echephron, V., 345. 
Ergeteles, note on, V., 344, 
Hierocles, note on, V., 341. 
Hippason, note on, V., 337. 
Ilus, and allies, note on, V., 339. 
Lycidas, V., 228. 
Lycophron, note on, V., 347. 
Lysander, note on, V., 343. 
Nomius, note on, III., cix. 
Numitor, V., 228. 
Olivencius, V., 345. 
Orellana, I1., 23. 
note on, V., 343. 
Orsillus, note on, V., 346. 
Pammon, note on, III., cix. 
Pausanias, II., 22. 
note on, V., 335. 
Podalirius, and allies, note on, V., 348. 
Polycaon, note on, V., 346. 
Polydamus, note on, Wis. 228: 
Polydorus, note on, DT, cixXs 
Polytes, note on, TEIs, c1x: 
Protesilaus, note on, V., 348. 
Sakontala, I1., 24. 
Sesostris, note on, V., 339. 
Telearchus, I1., 22. 
Thoas, and allies, note on, V., 346. 
Torquatus, notes on, Wey dy ads 


244 General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 


Papilio Triopas, note on, V., 343. 
Ulyssinus, V., 1xxiil. 
Varus, note on, V., 228. 
Vertumnus, note on, V., 340. 
Zacynthus, note on, V., 346. 
Zagreus, and allies, note on, V., 348. 
Papilionide, notes on American specics, I., ci. 
remarks on the sexes of some species, I., 97. 
Parasia apicipunctella, V., 119. 
Metzneriella, food of larva, III., xvii. 
Peacock Butterfly, sound produced by, IV., ii. 
Peronea, new species of, I., eviii. 
Perophora Batesii, III., 5, xii. 
Melsheimerii, II1., 2. 
Petasia nubeculosa, taken in Perthshire, IV., xii. 
Phaleéna oblinita, I., 161. 
Phibalapteryr gemmaria, capture of, IT., exxx. 
Phlogophora empyrea, new British species, IIL., exii. 
capture of, IV., Ixxxviil. 
Phorodesma smaragdaria, economy of larva, Il., v. 
capture of, LV., Ixxxii. 
Phycidea binevella, food of larva, II., xxviii; III., xci. 
Phyllocnistis Citrella, I11., 303. 
Pieris daplidice, captured in England, II., xxxvii. 
Plusia orichalcea, capture of, I., ci. 
Plutella harpella, food of larva, I., v. 
horridella, capture of, Il., xxvii. 
Polia occulta, note on, III., civ. 
Polyommatus Agestis, variety of, III., exii. 
Alewis, hermaphrodite, II., xxxiv; III., xxiv. 
variety of, II., cxiv. 
method of finding larve of, IT., evii. 
Porrectaria laricella, damage by larva of, IV., xx. 
Prays Curtisellus, economy of, ITI., xiii. 
Psecadia funerella, capture of, I., xviii. 
Pseudogynous Lepidoptera, note on, TV., Ixxii. 
Psyche helicinella, note on, III., Ixxviii. 
marginicolella, new British species, II., cxiv. 
opacella, var. ?, found in Scotland, IL., u, xxxiv. 
reticella, note on, I., xvi. 
roboricolella, new British species, V., lvi. 
salicolelia, new British species, V., lvi. 
tabulella, new British species, V., lvi. 
Psychide, note on a new species of, I., exv. 
remarks on the, I., 234. 
Pterophoride, notes on food of larve, IL., x. 
Pterophorus brachydactulus, taken in Cumberland, V., Ixxix. 
tinctidactylus, IL1., 300. 


General Index. 245 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 


Pupz, observations on digging for, IL., cix. 

effect of moisture on, II., xcviii. 
Retinia Turionana, capture of, II., xvii; IV., Ixxv. 
Rhodaria sanguinalis, capture of, I., xxxiii. 
Roslerstammia pygmeana, food of larva, I1., xxx. 
?, silk of, IV., xx. 
Carpini, curious cocoon of, I., eviii. 

variety of, I., c. 

Cecropia, note on, III., xevi. 
Pavonia-media, silk felt produced by, III., xlii, exi. 
Ricini, notes on, III., xci, civ. 


Saturnia 


Sciaphila Perterana, food of larva, II., xxv. 
Scopula decrepitalis, captured in Ross, LV., xxi. 
Sericinus Telamon, I., 173. 
Sericoris antiquana, natural history of, II., xix. 
littorana, food of larva, [., xviii. 
Siderone Mars, V., exii. 
Silk-worms, new species of, I., ciii. 
structure of the blood in diseased, I., xxxix, 
Smerinthus Populi, curious structure in, L, Ixxxv. 
hermaphrodite, I., Ixxxii. 
Solenobia, alternation of generation in, II., eviii. 
Spelotis Valesiaca?, captured in Britain, ILI., xxii. 
Spermatophthora Hornigii, food of larva, ILI., xci. 
Sphaleroptera ictericana, note on, I., xcv. 
Sphinx Anteus, captured in England, II., xxvii. 
Celerio ?, note on Jarva of, III., cxv. 
capture of, I., xxxix; II., exii. 
Ligustri, tongue-sheath bifurcate, II., iv. 
Pinastri, said to have been captured at Romsey, V., evi. 
Stathmopoda pedella, capture of, V., exxii. 
Stephensia Briinnichella, LV., 270. 
food of larva, I[T., evi. 
Stigmonota dorsana, new British species, I., xin. 
Weirana, L., viii. 
Symmachia, note on, V., 5. 
Synemon, habits of the species, IV., x. 
Syrmatia, note on, V., 8. 
Taleporia, alternation of generation in, I., 234, exiii. 
Teara denticulata, I11., 283. 
Edwardsii, III., 284. 
Guénei, 1I1., 284. 
Termessa Shepherdi, III., 285. 
Tharops, note on, V., 5. 
Thaumantis Aliris, TV., 176. 
Camadeva, IV., 177. 
Diores, 1V., 171. 


246 General Index. 


LEPIDOPTERA—continued. 


Thaumantis Howqua, I., 174; 1V., 178. 
Klugius, 1V., 173. 
Lucipor, 1V., 173. 
Noureddin, IV., 175. 
Nourmahal, 1V., 178. 
Odana, I1V., 170. 
Ramdeo, 1V., 172. 
Thyridopteryx Sierricola, V., Xxxii. 
Tinea caprimulgella, new British species, I., xin. 
Ethelella, I1I., 288. 
gigantella, V., 221. 
longicornis, V., 113. 
ochraceella, new British species, I., xxxiv, Cvie 
pallescentella, new British species, I., Ixxv. 
pellionella, larva on hartshorn shavings, III., iv. 
purpurea, V., 221. 
rutilicostella, V., 221. 
Tischeria complanella, note on larva, II., 107. 
Tortricopsis Rosabella, III., 293. 
Tortrix Ashworthana, III., 286. 
Standishana, I1I., 287. 
Transformations of caterpillars, II., 117. 
Trochilium Chrysidiforme, capture of, III., cil, exi. 
Culiciforme, note on larva, II., xvii. 
gallivorum, III., xxi. 
Musciforme, capture of, V., xxii. 


Scoliiforme, new British species, III., cxv. 


Vanessa Io, sound produced by, II., xeviil. 
variety of, I., Ixxxv. 
Urtice, variety of, ILI., xxxvii. 
Xylina conspicillaris, capture of, II., xvii. 
Zeonia, habits of, V., 7. 
Zeusera Arundinis, note on larva, I., xviii. 
Duponchelii, I1I., 282. 
Zygena Minos, new British species, ILI., iv. 


NEUROPTERA. 


Apochrysa beata, V., 184. 

Ascalaphus decrepitus, V., 197. 
flavilinea, V., 197. 
intractabilis, V., 196. 
leucostigma, V., 190. 
sublugens, V., 196. 
unicus, V., 195. 

Berotha, characters of, V., 186, 

insolita, V., 187. 


ELI ee IF = 


General Index. 247 


NEUROPTERA—continued, 


Boreus brumalis, I., xevi. 
nivoriundus, I,, xevi. 
Characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W. Saunders, 
Esq., V., 176. 
Chrysopa ignobilis, V., 183. 
Moxambica, V., 184. 
pubicosta, V., 183. 
Cloéon debilis, V., 199. 
Coniopteryx, nomenclature of, III., 57, xcii. 
Curgia, characters of, V., 179. 
braconoides, V., 179. 
Drepanepteryx falculoides, V., 185. 
Phalenoides, capture of, I., xlvi. 
Ephemera dislocans, V., 198. 
Hemerobius decisus, V., 185. 
dipterus, III., 56. 
setulosus, V., 186. 
Tasmania, V., 186. 
variegatus, note on, LV.,, xii. 
Hermes corripiens, V., 180. 
10-maculatus, V., 180. 
Idolothrips Halidayi, I11., 265. 
Leptocerus abjurans, V., 177. 
niveistigma, V., 176. 
quadrifurca, V., 177. 
Libellula pectoralis, new British species, V., 1xxxix. 
Limnophilus borealis, new British species, V., exxxviii. 
griseus, note on, V., 176. 
Macronema percitans, V., 177. 
Mantispa, memoir on the genus, I., 252. 
compellens, V., 181. 
lurida, V., 181. 
umbripennis, V., 181. 
Musarna, characters of, V., 178. 
aperiens, V., 178. 
claudens, V., 179. 
interclusa, V., 178. 
Myrmeleon albidilinea, V., 189. 
ambiguus, V., 192. 
conicollis, V., 188. 
contractus, V., 192. 
eccentros, V., 193. 
excogitans, V., 190, 
incuralus, V., 191. 
indiges, V., 189. 
insolitus, V., 194. 
nigriventris, V., 188. 


248 General Index. 


NEUROPTERA—continued. 


Myrmeleon obducens, V., 190. 

peculiaris, V., 194. 

perplerus, V., 191. 

pubiventris, V., 189. 

trigroides, V., 187. 
Nemoura nivalis, I., xevii. 
Osmylus punctipennis, V., 183. 
Palingenia annulifera, V., 199. 

continua, V., 199. 
Panorpa ruficeps, I., xiv. 
Perla nivicola, I., xevi. 
Phleothrips Anacardii, III., 266. 
Phryganea, deposition of eggs of, 1V., xxvii. 

divulsa, V., 176. 
Polamanthus exspectans, V., 198. 
Psocus reponens, V., 198. 
Saunders, W. W.., characters of undescribed species in the collection of, 

V., 176. 
Sisyra terminalis, III., 56. 
Termes lucifugus, possible importation of, into Britain, II., exv. 
Termites, note on the workers, I., cxxix. 
Varnia, characters of, V., 182. 
perloides, V., 182. 

White ants, injuries done by, IT., xxiii. 

used as food, IJ., 243. 


ORTHOPTERA. 


Blatta acervorum, new British species, V., Ixv. 
Germanica, injurious to provisions, II., viii. 
orientalis, method of destroying, II., viii, xiii. 

Cockroaches, eat bed-bugs, III., Ixxvii. 

Earwigs attacking dahlias, cure for, I., cxvil, exxix. 

Forficula maritima, new British species, LV., xxxix 

Locusta migratoria, capture of, LV., Ixxxvii. 

Locusts, as articles of food, represented on buildings at Ninevch, II., 

CXXil. 
parasites on, L., xiv. 
Mantis, habits of a species of, V., exxxvi. 
Mole crickets, voracity of, II., exvii. 


STREPSIPTERA. 


Considered to be Coleopterous insects, II., exxv. 
Habits, transformation, and sexual economy of, 1.,43; IJ., 125, ix, 
CXXIV. 
Hylecthrus Quercus, I., 58. 
Rubi, 1.557. 
Myrmecolar, characters of, V., 419. 
Nietneri, V., 419. 


General Index. 249 


STREPSIPTERA—continued. 

Parasitic in ants, V., 418. 

Siylops, contribution to the history of, V., 127. 
difficulties attending discrimination of species, 1V., 1165. 
aterrima, note on, IV., 117. 

Childreni, note on, IV., 117. 
Dalii, note on, IV., 117. 
Melitte, note on, LV., 177, 118. 
Spencii, note on, IV., 118. 
Trimmerana, note on, 1V., 116, 118. 
Xenos Heydenii, II., 141. 
Klugii, I1., 142. 


THYSANURA. 


Anurophorus stillicidii, L., 147. 
Podura nivicola, 1., xevili. 
species of, on the ice in Wellington Channel, IT., xiii. 


FINIS. 


LONDON ¢ 


PRINTED BY C. ROWOR1H AND SONS, 
BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR. 


anecne 


wae -2 


Trans. Ent. Soc.u.s. U3 Pl. 


"” 


‘West imp 


CH Ford 


i 


7A a 3 
x. 


: % wr 


Ss 


sipek ote 


nS pap tals 


= 
Be ae 


pares 
4 


3 


’ 
r 
‘ 


‘ 
+ 
+ £ - 


4 
‘ 
? 


= 
* 
x 
: 
= 
= 
= 


a 


a lin ire inn ie pent APY MOODS AS as, 


we oe” 
deals 


2X 


Lint. Soc N.S Vol V Phd 


Tr OPUS 


iT GR oF Fels yea TORT if aay wes 7 
TATLS a vy YO WN AS Vol / Hf Late A / 


AL 


(oe 


La 


unson. Del. et Sc 


ok 


Hen lat 


ip 


- 


Rc Eat, ia His 
2 Ses SSE 


is 


3 
I 


— 


MU 


(I 


| 


| 


| 


3 9088 WIM 2890 


| 


—SS=— 
Se 
———— 


wel ot 


SO 8 BEAD EH HEE HF HO. EOE OG SE OS Pe ew 


> 2) eee 6 e-¢ 8-2 oo 2 8 Ere es eee eee Se